Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from afghanistan in 2003-2005. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) isolates collected from various geographic locations in afghanistan between 2003 and 2005 were genetically characterized, and their phylogeny was reconstructed utilizing nucleotide sequences of the complete vp1 coding region. three serotypes of fmdv (types a, o, and asia 1) were identified as causing clinical disease in afghanistan during this period. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type a viruses were most closely related to isolates collected in iran ... | 2008 | 18278548 |
| an mhc-restricted cd8+ t-cell response is induced in cattle by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection and also following vaccination with inactivated fmdv. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hooved animals that carries enormous economic consequences. cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes play an important role in protection and disease outcome in viral infections but, to date, the role of the cd8(+) t-cell immune response to fmdv remains unclear. this study aimed to investigate major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cd8(+) t-cell responses to fmdv in vaccinated and in infected cattle. an in ... | 2008 | 18272757 |
| [cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding porcine alphav subunit for fmdv receptor]. | receptors play a crucial role in determining the pathogenesis and tissue tropism of virus. foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) has been showed to use four integrins, alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta6 and alphavbeta8 as receptors to initiate infection. in this study, the porcine integrin alphav gene was cloned by rt-pcr from the lung tissue of healed pig infected experimently with fmdv, and compared its nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence with the av gene of other animals. the 3141bp c ... | 2007 | 18268814 |
| [the effectiveness of vaccination to prevent foot and mouth disease in several species]. | 2008 | 18260556 | |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a in egypt. | we describe the characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) serotype a virus responsible for recent outbreaks of disease in egypt. phylogenetic analysis of vp1 nucleotide sequences demonstrated a close relationship to recent fmd virus isolates from east africa, rather than to viruses currently circulating in the middle east. | 2007 | 18258017 |
| construction and immune response characterization of a recombinant pseudorabies virus co-expressing capsid precursor protein (p1) and a multiepitope peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is the most contagious and devastating disease of livestock. our previous studies demonstrated that tk(-)/gg(-)/p1(+), a recombinant expressing the fmdv capsid precursor protein (p1) based on attenuated pseudorabies virus (prv) tk(-)/gg(-), could be used as a recombinant vaccine to protect pigs against both pseudorabies and fmd. however, because the p1 expression cassette is inserted into the gg locus of the genome of prv tk(-)/gg(-), this bivalent vaccine cannot be ... | 2008 | 18246420 |
| integrating genetic and epidemiological data to determine transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | estimating detailed transmission trees that reflect the relationships between infected individuals or populations during a disease outbreak often provides valuable insights into both the nature of disease transmission and the overall dynamics of the underlying epidemiological process. these trees may be based on epidemiological data that relate to the timing of infection and infectiousness, or genetic data that show the genetic relatedness of pathogens isolated from infected individuals. genetic ... | 2008 | 18230598 |
| cultivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in explanted epithelial tissue of the bovine rumen. | 1949 | 18229005 | |
| epidemiologic and virologic investigation of hand, foot, and mouth disease, southern vietnam, 2005. | during 2005, 764 children were brought to a large children's hospital in ho chi minh city, vietnam, with a diagnosis of hand, foot, and mouth disease. all enrolled children had specimens (vesicle fluid, stool, throat swab) collected for enterovirus isolation by cell culture. an enterovirus was isolated from 411 (53.8%) of the specimens: 173 (42.1%) isolates were identified as human enterovirus 71 (hev71) and 214 (52.1%) as coxsackievirus a16. of the identified hev71 infections, 51 (29.5%) were c ... | 2007 | 18217559 |
| diagnostic evaluation of multiplexed reverse transcription-pcr microsphere array assay for detection of foot-and-mouth and look-alike disease viruses. | a high-throughput multiplexed assay was developed for the differential laboratory detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) from viruses that cause clinically similar diseases of livestock. this assay simultaneously screens for five rna and two dna viruses by using multiplexed reverse transcription-pcr (mrt-pcr) amplification coupled with a microsphere hybridization array and flow-cytometric detection. two of the 17 primer-probe sets included in this multiplex assay were adopted from prev ... | 2008 | 18216216 |
| functional analysis of picornavirus 2b proteins: effects on calcium homeostasis and intracellular protein trafficking. | the family picornaviridae consists of a large group of plus-strand rna viruses that share a similar genome organization. the nomenclature of the picornavirus proteins is based on their position in the viral rna genome but does not necessarily imply a conserved function of proteins of different genera. the enterovirus 2b protein is a small hydrophobic protein that, upon individual expression, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and the golgi complex, reduces er and golgi complex ca(2+) ... | 2008 | 18216106 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analyses of bovine rhinovirus type 2 shows it is closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | bovine rhinovirus 2 (brv2), a causative agent of respiratory disease in cattle, is tentatively assigned to the genus rhinovirus in the family picornaviridae. a nearly full-length cdna of the brv2 genome was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. brv2 possesses a putative leader proteinase, a small 2a protein and a poly(c) tract, which are characteristic of aphthoviruses. alignment of brv-2 and fmdv polyproteins showed that 41% of amino acids were identical within the p1 region. furthermo ... | 2008 | 18201745 |
| dynamics of picornavirus rna replication within infected cells. | replication of many picornaviruses is inhibited by low concentrations of guanidine. guanidine-resistant mutants are readily isolated and the mutations map to the coding region for the 2c protein. using in vitro replication assays it has been determined previously that guanidine blocks the initiation of negative-strand synthesis. we have now examined the dynamics of rna replication, measured by quantitative rt-pcr, within cells infected with either swine vesicular disease virus (an enterovirus) o ... | 2008 | 18198379 |
| expression of heterologous genes in oncolytic adenoviruses using picornaviral 2a sequences that trigger ribosome skipping. | insertion of picornaviral 2a sequences into mrnas causes ribosomes to skip formation of a peptide bond at the junction of the 2a and downstream sequences, leading to the production of two proteins from a single open reading frame. adenoviral protein ix is a minor capsid protein that has been used to display foreign peptides on the surface of the capsid. we have used 2a sequences from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1) to express protein ix (pix) and green f ... | 2008 | 18198369 |
| optimization strategy for plasmid dnas containing multiple-epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus by cis-expression with il-2. | to optimize previous candidate dna vaccine, a cis-expression plasmid dna encoding two genes, human il-2 and multiple-epitopes genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was constructed with internal ribosome entry site (ires) from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and intramuscularly inoculated into mice at 1-week interval. specific antibodies in serum and cytokines (il-2, il-4 and ifn-gamma) from splenocytes were detected by indirect elisa. splenocytes proliferation rate was determined by a s ... | 2008 | 18191307 |
| repeated bottleneck transfers can lead to non-cytocidal forms of a cytopathic virus: implications for viral extinction. | several biological subclones of a biological clone of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) have been subjected to many plaque-to-plaque (serial bottleneck) transfers in cell culture. at transfer 190 to 409, clones underwent a transition towards a non-cytolytic (nc) phenotype in which the virus was unable to produce plaques, representing at least a 140-fold reduction in specific infectivity relative to the parental biological clone. nc clones, however, were competent in rna replication and establi ... | 2008 | 18158159 |
| experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type asia-1, responsible for the 2005 epidemic in china. | this study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus strain asia-1 china/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in china. the result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause fmd in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact. | 2008 | 18155114 |
| the survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in meat and offal. | 1948 | 18129316 | |
| irradiation of foot and mouth disease virus with ultra-violet rays. | 1949 | 18120377 | |
| a comparison of different methods of inoculating guinea-pigs with the virus of foot-and-mouth disease. | 1949 | 18119131 | |
| immunization of the guinea pig using a suspension of foot-and-mouth disease virus adsorbed by aluminum hydroxide and irradiated by ultraviolet (ultra-short) waves. | 1949 | 18117787 | |
| fighting foot-and-mouth disease in mexico: popular protest against diplomatic decisions. | 2001 | 18095399 | |
| persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture revisited: implications for contingency in evolution. | if we could rewind the tape of evolution and play it again, would it turn out to be similar to or different from what we know? obviously, this key question can only be addressed by fragmentary experimental approaches. twenty-two years ago, we described the establishment of bhk-21 cells persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), a system that displayed as its major biological feature a coevolution of the cells and the resident virus in the course of persistence. now we report ... | 2008 | 18089747 |
| [molecular cloning and characteristics of cdna encoding pig beta6 subunit for fmdv receptor]. | in order to study the roles of integrin beta6 in foot-and-mouth disease virus infection, pig integrin beta6 was firstly molecularly cloned from rna of the tongue and lung of recovered pig infected experimentally with foot-and-mouth-disease virus (fmdv), and was compared with the beta6 gene of other animals available in genbank at nucleotide and amino acid leves. genebank association number of the beta6 gene is ef432729. pig integrin beta6 gene (2367bp) encodes a polypeptide of 788 amino acids co ... | 2007 | 18064756 |
| application of modelling to determine the absence of foot-and-mouth disease in the face of a suspected incursion. | to use disease modelling to inform a response team about the number of animals per herd/flock to be examined, and the start date and duration of clinical surveillance required to be confident that foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was not present on an island in new zealand with a population of approximately 1,600 cattle, 10,000 sheep and a small number of pigs, goats and alpacas. | 2007 | 18059646 |
| [establishment of indirect elisa diagnose based on the vp1 structural protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in pigs]. | the complete gene encoding the structural protein of fmdv(vp1) was subcloned into expression vector pproex-ht, resulting in the fusion expression plasmid pproexht-vp1. after transformed into e. coli bl21(de3) and induced by iptg, the fusion protein was expressed in high level. western blot was performed to confirm that the expressed fusion protein could specifically react with antiserum against fmdv. based on the fusion protein further purified, a novel indirect elisa (vp1-elisa) was developed t ... | 2007 | 18051883 |
| [eukaryonization of t7 rna polymerase prokaryotic expression system and development of its couple expression system]. | to make transcription of the target gene be driven by t7 rna polymerase (t7 rnap) in the eukaryotic cells, and the transcripts be cap-independent translated. firstly, the t7 rnap was introduced into eukaryotic cells by two methods: (1) the bhk-21 cells were contransfected by the plasmid expressing t7 rnap and piers-egfp-et vector; (2) by transfection of the cell line stably expressing t7 rnap. the internal ribosome entry site (ires) element from fmdv was cloned into the downstream of the t7 prom ... | 2007 | 18051880 |
| [an efficient tool for the construction of multiple-cistronic vectors: fmdv 2a]. | recently, cancer therapy with mutiple genes has been attached with great attention. however, at present there is no efficient tool to construct multiple-cistrons. the large sizes and the imbalance in expression of most traditional tools, such as ribosome entry sites (ireses),greatly block their wide employment in the construction of multiple cistronic gene therapy vectors. the self-cleaving peptide 2a from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) has a very small size, and more importantly, high clea ... | 2007 | 18051849 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus forms a highly stable, edta-resistant complex with its principal receptor, integrin alphavbeta6: implications for infectiousness. | the initial stage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection is virus binding to cell surface integrins via the rgd motif in the gh loop of the vp1 capsid protein. as for all ligand/integrin interactions, the initial contact between fmdv and its integrin receptors is cation dependent and hence inhibited by edta. we have investigated this binding process with rgd-containing peptides derived from the vp1 capsid protein of fmdv and discovered that, upon binding, some of these peptides form hi ... | 2008 | 18045932 |
| non-structural protein 3a for differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease infected and vaccinated animals in haryana (india). | there are severe international trade restrictions on foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) affected areas. because of endemic nature of fmd, india started fmd control programme (fmd-cp) using mass vaccination in selected states including haryana (year 2003). although no significant incidence of the disease was reported after launching fmd-cp in the state but in order to participate in international trade of animal and animal products, veterinary authorities have to prove that there is no fmd virus (fmdv) ... | 2007 | 18035976 |
| cedivac-fmd can be used according to a marker vaccine principle. | in this study, we investigated whether cedivac-fmd, an emergency vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), is suitable for use conjointly with a screening program intended to confirm freedom from disease in vaccinated herds based on evidence of virus replication in vaccinates. different sets of sera were tested using the ceditest fmdv-ns elisa for the detection of antibodies against non-structural proteins (nsps) of fmd virus. during a vaccine safety study, serum samples were collected from ... | 2008 | 18035508 |
| potential of antiviral therapy and prophylaxis for controlling rna viral infections of livestock. | with intensification of trade, livestock are increasingly exposed to severe animal diseases caused by a range of rna viruses. recent prime examples include outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), peste des petits ruminants, rift valley fever and bluetongue. to minimise their impact, controlling the spread of virus is of utmost importance. good quality, reliable vaccines exist for some, although not all, of these diseases, but suffer from a set of drawbacks, not the least of which being the ti ... | 2008 | 18035428 |
| measurement of airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus: preliminary evaluation of two portable air sampling devices. | until now measurement of airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in the field has not been attempted or been practical; measurements have been restricted to the laboratory and isolation units using instruments developed in the 1960s. however, with the development of air sampling devices for other biological purposes, there is now the possibility that this short-coming can be overcome and as a result earlier detection of virus may be possible in the future. two recently-introduced commercial ... | 2009 | 18023217 |
| foliar extracts from transgenic tomato plants expressing the structural polyprotein, p1-2a, and protease, 3c, from foot-and-mouth disease virus elicit a protective response in guinea pigs. | the expression of recombinant antigens in transgenic plants is increasingly used as an alternative method of producing experimental immunogens. in this report, we describe the production of transgenic tomato plants that express the structural polyprotein, p1-2a, and protease, 3c, from foot-and-mouth disease (fmdv). p1-2a3c was inserted into the plant binary vector, pbin438, and transformed into tomato plants using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, gv3101. the presence of p1-2a3c was confirmed by ... | 2008 | 18006078 |
| genetic characterisation of the recent foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype a/irn/2005. | according to the world reference laboratory for fmd, a new subtype of fmdv serotype a was detected in iran in 2005. this subtype was designated a/irn/2005, and rapidly spread throughout iran and moved westwards into saudi arabia and turkey where it was initially detected from august 2005 and subsequently caused major disease problems in the spring of 2006. the same subtype reached jordan in 2007. as part of an ongoing project we have also detected this subtype in pakistan with the first positive ... | 2007 | 18001482 |
| porcine interferon-gamma protects swine from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). | porcine interferon-gamma (poifn-gamma) fused with glutathione s-transferase (gst) was expressed in escherichia coli bl(21). twenty 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to four groups. pigs in groups 1-3 were pretreated with 30 mg, 20 mg, and 10 mg recombinant poifn-gamma (rpoifn-gamma), respectively. pigs in group 4 (control) were pretreated with gst expressed by the empty plasmid. at 48h postinoculation (hpi), all swine were challenged with fmdv (serotype o). pigs pretreated with 30 mg rpo ... | 2008 | 17996949 |
| [development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against vp1 protein of asiai type foot-and-mouth virus]. | to prepare the monoclonal antibodies against vp1 protein of type asiai foot-and mouth disease virus (fmdv) and identify the characterization. | 2007 | 17988586 |
| [establishment of a colloid gold-immunochromatography assay for detection of type asia i foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | to establish a colloid gold-immunochromatography assay (gica) for detecting type asia i foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). | 2007 | 17988582 |
| a highly sensitive and specific multiplex rt-pcr to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus in tissue and food samples. | three sets of primers to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) using multiplex rt-pcr were designed based on several reference nucleotide sequences, and their reaction conditions were determined. by testing ten-fold serial dilutions of fmdv, the sensitivity of multiplex rt-pcr is 100 times higher than conventional rt-pcr. meanwhile, its specificity was confirmed compared with other related vesicular disease viruses. furthermore, 30 field samples from different animals were tested, and the r ... | 2008 | 17987350 |
| the nsp immune response of vaccinated animals after in-field exposure to fmdv. | the aim was to examine the immune response (ir) to non-structural proteins (nsps), in order to assess the validity of the detection of antibodies to nsps as a means of diagnosing foot and mouth disease (fmd infection) infection when vaccinated populations are in close contact with clinically sick animals. the study was performed during fmd outbreaks in israel in january 2004; the ir was examined in vaccinated dairy and feedlot cattle herds under natural field exposure to fmdv, and in vaccinated ... | 2007 | 17981376 |
| immune responses of two recombinant adenoviruses expressing vp1 antigens of fmdv fused with porcine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious and economically devastating vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. in the present report, we constructed and characterized the immune responses conferred by two recombinant adenoviruses expressing vp1 epitopes (three amino acid residues 21-60, 141-160 and 200-213 in vp1, designated vpe) or vp1 protein of fmdv fused with porcine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (named rad-gmcsf-vpe and rad-gmcsf-vp1). seven groups of female ... | 2007 | 17980939 |
| airborne transmission of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs: evaluation and optimisation of instrumentation and techniques. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) can be transmitted in a variety of ways, one of which is through virus exhaled into the air by infected livestock. it is clear that where there is close contact there will be a range of possible mechanisms for the transmission of disease from animal to animal, including the airborne route if simple barriers between livestock exist. in transmission of fmd over longer distances, airborne transmission represents a significant challenge to the veterinary services in that ... | 2009 | 17977760 |
| foot-and-mouth disease resurfaces in britain. | 2007 | 17972385 | |
| [genome sequencing and analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus asia1/ynbs/58 strain]. | the full-length genomic sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) asia1/ynbs/58 strain was determined by rt-pcr and compared with other 17 reference strains. the results showed that the complete genome of asia1/ynbs/58 was 8164nt long including a 1061-nt 5' untranslated region (utr), a 6990-nt open reading frame (orf), and a 113-nt 3'utr. the homology analysis indicated that the utr regions and non-structural proteins were more conserved than the structural proteins in fmdv. vp1 exhibited ... | 2007 | 17969860 |
| rapid and differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and vesicular stomatitis by a new multiplex rt-pcr assay. | a highly sensitive and specific one-step multiplex rt-pcr assay has been developed and standardised for the simultaneous and differential detection of the most important vesicular viruses affecting livestock: foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the method uses three primer sets, each one specific for the corresponding virus, selected to detect of all serotypes of fmd and vs. the detection range was confirmed by examinat ... | 2008 | 17964668 |
| comparison of immune responses to different foot-and-mouth disease genetically engineered vaccines in guinea pigs. | the p12a3c gene from fmdv (serotype o) encoding the capsid precursor protein, and the highly immunogenic gene fhg, which encodes multiple epitopes of fmdv capsid proteins, were inserted into eukaryotic expression vectors to compare different candidate genetically engineered vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). a modified live pseudorabies virus (mlprv) was also used to deliver p12a3c. guinea pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with the candidate vaccines to compare the ability to elicit i ... | 2008 | 17963851 |
| co-ordinate expression of glycine betaine synthesis genes linked by the fmdv 2a region in a single open reading frame in pichia pastoris. | the genes encoding the two enzymes choline monooxygenase (cmo) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) of glycine betaine synthesis in suaeda salsa were cloned and fused with the 2a region of foot-and-mouth disease virus in a single open reading frame. the fused genes were placed under the control of the alcohol oxidase (aox1) promoter in ppic3b and transformed into p. pastoris gs115. the expression of the fused genes in p. pastoris and the ability of recombinant yeasts to tolerate environment ... | 2007 | 17955192 |
| in vivo footprint of a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site reveals differences in accessibility to specific rna structural elements. | internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements were described in picornaviruses as an essential region of the viral rna. understanding of ires function requires a detailed knowledge of each step involved in the internal initiation process, from rna folding and ires-protein interaction to ribosome recruitment. thus, deciphering ires accessibility to external agents due to rna structural features, as well as rna-protein protection within living cells, is of primary importance. in this study, two che ... | 2007 | 17947530 |
| enhancement of serological immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine by a supplement made of extract of cochinchina momordica seeds. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. vaccination against fmd is a routine practice in many countries where the disease is endemic. this study was designed first to investigate the extract of the seeds of momordica cochinchinensis (lour.) spreng. (ecms) for its adjuvant effect on vaccination of inactivated fmdv antigens in a guinea pig model and then to evaluate the supplement of ecms in oil-emulsified fmd vaccines for its immunopotentiation ... | 2007 | 17942610 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in young lambs: pathogenesis and tissue tropism. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in adult sheep usually causes milder clinical signs than in cattle or pigs, and is often subtle enough to go undiagnosed. in contrast, fmd in lambs has been reported to cause high mortality during field outbreaks. in order to investigate the pathogenesis of fmd in lambs, two groups, aged 10-14 days, were infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o ukg. one group of lambs (n=8) was inoculated with fmdv in the coronary band, while the other (n=4) was infec ... | 2008 | 17942248 |
| essential role of antigen-presenting cell-derived baff for antibody responses. | antigen-presenting cells (apc) are directly involved in survival, growth and differentiation of naive b cells and in immunoglobulin class switch recombination. less is known about the contribution of apc to memory b cell responses. we employed an in vitro model to investigate the secondary humoral response against foot-and-mouth disease virus, with cells from a natural host of the virus - the pig. this response is t cell-dependent. under conditions of limited t cell help, defined as a low t-to-b ... | 2007 | 17935087 |
| protective immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus by vaccination with a dna vaccine expressing virus-like particles. | to display antigenic protein on the surface of virus-like particles (vlps) presents a potentially powerful strategy for vaccine development. we genetically engineered the major capsid protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) into the predominant epitope c of hbv core gene to yield a chimeric core-vp1 vlp. the vlp was successfully expressed in hela cells transfected with core-vp1 dna construct. compared with a regular vp1 dna construct, immunization with core-vp1 dna induced significant ... | 2007 | 17931113 |
| cytokine mrna responses in bovine epithelia during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) remains the single most important constraint to international trade in live animals and animal products. the factors which regulate the pathogenesis and persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) are poorly understood. mrna levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (il)-1alpha, tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and the antiviral cytokines interferon (ifn)-alpha, beta and gamma in microdissected epithelium from cattle acutely infected with fmdv o ukg 3 ... | 2009 | 17920964 |
| reduction of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus load in nasal excretions, saliva and exhaled air of vaccinated pigs following direct contact challenge. | in future, a policy of "vaccinate-to-live" may be included in the repertoire of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) control measures and in support of this approach, we have investigated the hypothesis that vaccine-induced reduction in virus replication and excretion from pigs can be correlated to the severity of clinical signs of fmd by measuring excretion of virus in natural secretions and aerosols. the other aims of this study were to verify the existence of sub-clinical infection in vaccinated pigs ... | 2007 | 17920730 |
| a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for simple and rapid detection of swine vesicular disease virus. | this report describes the development of a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). the assay detects the virus rapidly, within 30-60 min and the result is visualised either by gel-electrophoresis or by the naked eye through the addition of sybrgreen. a collection of 28 svdv isolates were tested positive, while heterologous viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus and vesicular stomatitis ... | 2008 | 17920701 |
| use of a standardized bovine serum panel to evaluate a multiplexed nonstructural protein antibody assay for serological surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease. | liquid array technology has previously been used to show proof of principle of a multiplexed nonstructural protein serological assay to differentiate foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected and vaccinated animals. the current multiplexed assay consists of synthetically produced peptide signatures 3a, 3b, and 3d and the recombinant protein signature 3abc in combination with four controls. to determine the diagnostic specificity of each signature in the multiplex, the assay was evaluated against a n ... | 2007 | 17913861 |
| further evaluation of higher potency vaccines for early protection of cattle against fmdv direct contact challenge. | the effect of administering higher payload fmd vaccines 10 days prior to severe direct contact challenge on protection from clinical disease and sub-clinical infection was investigated in cattle using two antigen payloads (single strength and 10-fold). regardless of antigen payload, vaccination was shown to significantly reduce the number of clinically infected animals, and significantly reduce virus excretion shortly after challenge, when compared with the unvaccinated group (p<0.05). although ... | 2007 | 17913309 |
| assessment of the diagnostic potential of immuno-rca in 96-well elisa plates for foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the need for fast and very early detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection has yielded different types of diagnostic tools over the past decades: whereas very sensitive techniques such as virus isolation (vi) and more recently also real-time rt-pcr can provide evidence for the presence of low virus quantities, vi requires additional confirmation of the nature of the virus strain and both techniques (currently) lack the ability for direct serotyping. the latter usually depends on ... | 2008 | 17913251 |
| [foot and mouth disease is coming back]. | 2007 | 17913049 | |
| induction of protective immunity in swine by recombinant bamboo mosaic virus expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus epitopes. | plant viruses can be employed as versatile vectors for the production of vaccines by expressing immunogenic epitopes on the surface of chimeric viral particles. although several viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus x and cowpea mosaic virus, have been developed as vectors, we aimed to develop a new viral vaccine delivery system, a bamboo mosaic virus (bamv), that would carry larger transgene loads, and generate better immunity in the target animals with fewer adverse environment ... | 2007 | 17900346 |
| evaluation of a novel proximity ligation assay for the sensitive and rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a novel proximity ligation assay (pla) using a pan-serotype reactive monoclonal antibody was developed and evaluated for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in clinical samples collected from field cases of disease. the fmdv-specific pla was found to be 100 times more sensitive for virus detection than the commonly used antigen capture-elisa (agelisa). as few as five tcid50 were detected in individual assays, which was comparable with the analytical sensitivity of real-time rt-p ... | 2008 | 17897794 |
| investigating the substrate specificity and oligomerisation of the leader protease of foot and mouth disease virus using nmr. | the leader protease (lbpro) of foot-and-mouth disease virus frees itself during translation from the viral polyprotein by cleavage between its own c terminus and the n terminus of the subsequent protein, vp4. lbpro also specifically cleaves the host proteins eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4gi and 4gii, thus disabling host cell protein synthesis. we used nmr to study full-length lbpro as well as a shortened species lacking six c-terminal amino acid residues (slbpro) to examine the mechanism o ... | 2007 | 17897674 |
| animal vaccination and the evolution of viral pathogens. | despite reducing disease, vaccination rarely protects against infection and many pathogens persist within vaccinated animal populations. circulation of viral pathogens within vaccinated populations may favour the development of vaccine resistance with implications for the evolution of virus pathogenicity and the emergence of variant viruses. the high rate of mutations during replication of ribonucleic acid (rna) viruses is conducive to the development of escape mutants. in vaccinated cattle, unu ... | 2007 | 17892155 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine toll-like receptor 7 involved in recognition of single-stranded rna virus/ssrna. | the interest in understanding interaction between the toll-like receptor and the viral infection has increased because of its importance in disease control. here we have cloned the porcine tlr7 (ptlr7) cdna encoding for 1050 amino acids. the ptlr7 exhibits 90, 87, 87, 86, 84 and 78% similarity to tlr7 from cattle, dog, horse, cat, human and mouse, respectively. rt-pcr data suggested that ptlr7 mrna was mostly synthesized in secondary lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph node and tonsil) and antigen-p ... | 2008 | 17889367 |
| degradation of nuclear factor kappa b during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | we have previously shown that the leader proteinase (l(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) interferes with the innate immune response by blocking the translation of interferon (ifn) protein and by reducing the immediate-early induction of beta ifn mrna and ifn-stimulated genes. here, we report that l(pro) regulates the activity of nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab). analysis of nf-kappab-dependent reporter gene expression in bhk-21 cells demonstrated that infection with wild-type (wt) vi ... | 2007 | 17881445 |
| back to basics: the untreated rabbit reticulocyte lysate as a competitive system to recapitulate cap/poly(a) synergy and the selective advantage of ires-driven translation. | translation of most eukaryotic mrnas involves the synergistic action between the 5' cap structure and the 3' poly(a) tail at the initiation step. the poly(a) tail has also been shown to stimulate translation of picornavirus internal ribosome entry sites (ires)-directed translation. these effects have been attributed principally to interactions between eif4g and poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) but also to the participation of pabp in other steps during translation initiation. as the rabbit reticul ... | 2007 | 17881372 |
| biosecurity. reports blame animal health lab in foot-and-mouth whodunit. | 2007 | 17872418 | |
| [efficacy of an emergency vaccine against foot and mouth disease in pigs]. | 2007 | 17849910 | |
| myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus type o in lambs. | the present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in samsun, turkey. in all the heart samples tested, elisa and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely o/tur/samsun/05, was associated with the panasia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o. the lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. in situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes a ... | 2007 | 17846231 |
| foot-and-mouth disease: measurements of aerosol emission from pigs as a function of virus strain and initial dose. | measurements of airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus have been made using 20 pigs that had either o ukg or c noville injected into their heel-pads to determine if the kinetics of virus emission are related to the virus strain and dose administered in the challenge inoculum. viable virus was detected in aerosol emissions for 3 days regardless of the strain or dose of virus given. no correlation was found between the peak level of virus emission and dose, but pigs infected with a lower dose of vi ... | 2008 | 17827041 |
| bovine serum panel for evaluating foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein antibody tests. | a panel of 36 sera has been assembled from experimental cattle that had been infected by inoculation or contact exposure with 4 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) with or without prior vaccination. virus replication and persistence had been characterized in all of the animals. the proportion of the sera scored positive by 5 tests for antibodies to the nonstructural proteins of fmdv varied, suggesting that the panel can discriminate between the sensitivity with which such tests are ... | 2007 | 17823399 |
| in vitro induction of mucosa-type dendritic cells by all-trans retinoic acid. | efficient induction of mucosal immunity usually employs nasal or oral vaccination while parenteral immunization generally is ineffective at generating mucosal immune responses. this relates to the unique ability of resident mucosal dendritic cells (dc) to induce iga switching and to imprint mucosa-specific homing receptors on lymphocytes. based on the well-established plasticity of the dc system, this study sought to investigate whether peripheral dc could be modulated toward "mucosa-type" dc by ... | 2007 | 17785784 |
| fmd in surrey: investigations continue into the source of the virus. | 2007 | 17784509 | |
| mutation pressure shapes codon usage in the gc-rich genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is economically the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. in this study, we report the results of a survey of codon usage bias of fmd virus (fmdv) representing all seven serotypes (a, o, c, asia 1, sat 1, sat 2, and sat 3). correspondence analysis, a commonly used multivariate statistical approach, was carried out to analyze synonymous codon usage bias. the analysis showed that the overall extent of codon usage bias in fmdv is low. furthermore, th ... | 2007 | 17768673 |
| rotational symmetry in foot-and-mouth disease virus and models. | with small, animal viruses for which electron-microscope images show little penetration by negative stain, the rotation technique for structure determination is useful. foot-and-mouth disease virus resembles a 32-unit model when rotational images of virus and models simulating virus in negative stain are compared. | 1965 | 17751854 |
| inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in cell cultures with antisense morpholino oligomers. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed ungulates that can lead to severe losses in the livestock production and export industries. although vaccines have been extensively used to control fmd, there is no antiviral therapy available to treat ongoing infections with fmd virus (fmdv). six peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (ppmos) with sequences complementary to various 21-nucleotide segments of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) of the fmdv g ... | 2007 | 17728223 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba). | a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). two detection methods: nasba-electrochemiluminescence (nasba-ecl) and a newly developed nasba-enzyme-linked oligonucleotide capture (nasba-eoc) were evaluated. the diagnostic sensitivity of these assays was compared with other laboratory-based methods using 200 clinical samples collected from different regions of the world. assay ... | 2008 | 17728080 |
| development of a novel recombinant encapsidated rna particle: evaluation as an internal control for diagnostic rt-pcr. | this report describes the generation of novel encapsidated rna particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) assays for the detection of rna viruses. a cassette containing sequences of 2 diagnostic primer sets for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and a set for swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) was engineered into a full-length cdna clone containing the rna-2 segment of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). after co-inoculation ... | 2007 | 17727966 |
| immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in pig farms after the 1997 outbreak in taiwan. | this paper reports on a retrospective study of the antibody responses to structural and non-structural proteins of fmd virus o taiwan 97 in six pig herds in taiwan in the year after the 1997 taiwanese fmd outbreak. all herds were vaccinated against fmd after the outbreak as part of the countrywide control program. three of the herds had confirmed fmd infections (herds n, o and p) and three herds remained non-infected (herds k, l and m). the serum neutralizing antibody titers and the non-structur ... | 2008 | 17716836 |
| productive entry of type c foot-and-mouth disease virus into susceptible cultured cells requires clathrin and is dependent on the presence of plasma membrane cholesterol. | we have characterized the entry leading to productive infection of a type c fmdv in two cell lines widely used for virus growth, bhk-21 and ibrs-2. inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by sucrose treatment decreased both cell entry and virus multiplication. evidence of a direct requirement of clathrin for productive viral entry was obtained using bhk21-tta/anti-chc cells, which showed a significant reduction of viral entry and infection when the synthesis and functionality of clathrin hea ... | 2007 | 17714753 |
| foot-and-mouth disease non-structural protein serology in cattle: use of a bayesian framework to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of six elisa tests and true prevalence in the field. | the diagnostic performance of six foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) assays for detection of antibodies to the non-structural proteins (nsp) of the fmd virus (fmdv) was estimated using a bayesian analysis on field sera from cattle of unknown infection status originating from post-fmdv outbreak situations in israel and zimbabwe. estimations of the disease prevalence in both populations were also obtained. the diagnostic sensitivity estimates did not differ between both field studies, although overall b ... | 2007 | 17709157 |
| immune responses of swine inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing p12a and 3c of fmdv and swine il-18. | two recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv-p1 and rfpv-il18-2ap12a) containing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid polypeptide, 3c coding regions of o/ny00 were evaluated to determine their abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses in the presence or absence of swine il-18 as genetic adjuvant. the ability to protect swine against homologous virus challenge was examined. all swine were given booster vaccinations at 21 days after the initial inoculation and were challenged 10 days after ... | 2008 | 17706296 |
| use of a peptide derived from foot-and-mouth disease virus for the noninvasive imaging of human cancer: generation and evaluation of 4-[18f]fluorobenzoyl a20fmdv2 for in vivo imaging of integrin alphavbeta6 expression with positron emission tomography. | expression of the epithelial-specific integrin alphavbeta6 is low or undetectable in most adult tissues but may be increased during wound healing and inflammation and is up-regulated dramatically by many different carcinomas, making alphavbeta6 a promising target for the in vivo detection of cancer using noninvasive imaging. in addition, alphavbeta6 is recognized as promoting invasion and correlates with aggressive behavior of human cancers and thus agents that recognize alphavbeta6 specifically ... | 2007 | 17699789 |
| biosecurity practices and travel history of individuals exhibiting livestock at the 2005 california state fair. | to determine biosecurity practices and travel history of individuals exhibiting livestock at the 2005 california state fair. | 2007 | 17696860 |
| structural insights into the transcriptional and translational roles of ebp1. | the erbb3-binding protein 1 (ebp1) is an important regulator of transcription, affecting eukaryotic cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and survival. ebp1 can also affect translation and cooperates with the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) to stimulate the activity of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). we report here the crystal structure of murine ebp1 (p48 isoform), providing the first glimpse of the architecture of this versatile ... | 2007 | 17690690 |
| biosecurity. u.k. labs suspected as source of foot-and-mouth outbreak. | 2007 | 17690265 | |
| evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based approach for the selection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccine strains. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus exists as seven serotypes within which are numerous variants necessitating careful selection of vaccine strains. currently, a serological assay system based on the use of polyclonal vaccine antisera is widely used for this selection. however, inherent variability in the matching antisera used makes the tests poorly reproducible and difficult to interpret. in this study, we have explored the possibility of replacing or supplementing the polyclonal antibody (pab) ... | 2008 | 17689892 |
| effects of chronic heat stress on immune responses of the foot-and-mouth disease dna vaccination. | the main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of chronic heat stress (chs) on humoral and cellular responses of dna vaccination. mice with the chs were exposed to a temperature set at 38 +/- 1 degrees c, 2h per day, for 35 days, and mice with thermoneutral (tn) temperature were maintained at 24 +/- 1 degrees c for the same period of time. both groups of mice were immunized with a dna vaccine-expressed viruscapsid protein 1 (vp1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and we tested th ... | 2007 | 17688414 |
| genetic and phenotypic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during serial passages in a natural host. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), like other rna viruses, exhibits high mutation rates during replication that have been suggested to be of adaptive value. however, even though genetic variation in rna viruses and, more specifically, fmdv has been extensively examined during virus replication in a wide variety of in vitro cell cultures, very little is known regarding the generation and effects of genetic variability of virus replication in the natural host under experimental conditions and no ... | 2007 | 17686868 |
| a meta-analysis quantifying transmission parameters of fmdv strain o taiwan among non-vaccinated and vaccinated pigs. | our aim was to provide additional estimates of main parameters for the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain o taiwan (3/97). we used the data of previous experiments in non-vaccinated and vaccinated pigs and combined the data of experiments with the same treatment(s). first, we quantified the reproduction ratio r for the various groups using a final-size method. our final-size results predicted that vaccination with a four-fold vaccine dose (but not with a single dose) at 1 ... | 2008 | 17683815 |
| the complete genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/akesu/58 strain and its some molecular characteristics. | the complete genome of o/akesu/58 strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was sequenced. the phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is not closely related to epidemic strains or previous strains compared with reference sequences (the identities of complete vp1 nucleotide sequences range from 77.5 to 84.0%). its cell-receptor-binding site is a sgd (ser-gly-asp) motif instead of rgd (arg-gly-asp), and 43 bases were deleted in pks region of the 5'utr, although deletions were not found in othe ... | 2007 | 17680320 |
| thermal inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in suspension. | the heat resistance of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strains isolated from outbreaks in thailand was investigated in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 degrees c. the first-order kinetic model fitted most of the observed linear inactivation curves. the ranges of decimal-reduction time (d value) of fmdv strains at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 degrees c were 732 to 1,275 s, 16.37 to 42.00 s, 6.06 to 10.87 s, 2.84 to 5.99 s, 1.65 to 3.18 s, and 1.90 to 2.94 s, respe ... | 2007 | 17660312 |
| porcine b-cell activating factor promotes anti-fmdv antibodies in vitro but not in vivo after dna vaccination of pigs. | 'b-cell activating factor belonging to the tnf family' (baff) represents a cytokine produced by antigen presenting cells promoting b-cell maturation, activation and immunoglobulin class switching. in the present study, we demonstrate expression of baff on cultured monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which is further enhanced by interferon-alpha or interferon-gamma treatment. from these cells, porcine baff was cloned and the recombinant protein was expressed in mammalian cells with and without a fl ... | 2007 | 17658618 |
| foot and mouth disease virus transmission among vaccinated pigs after exposure to virus shedding pigs. | the aim of this study was to design a transmission experiment that enabled quantification of the effectiveness of vaccination against foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus in groups of pigs. previous experiments showed that intradermal injection of pigs with fmd virus 14 days after vaccination was not suitable to start an infection chain, as inoculated vaccinated pigs resisted challenge. therefore, we carried out two experiments in which we used direct contact to a non-vaccinated pig as route of in ... | 2007 | 17658199 |
| a peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide. | the epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. however few epitopes have been found for fmdv serotype asia1. in this study we screened for epitopes of the vp1 and vp2 proteins of fmdv serotype asia1 isolate, ynbs/58. fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of vp1 and amino acids 1-33 of vp2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. only the vp1 fragment induced n ... | 2007 | 17656048 |
| studies on a rabbit-adapted foot-and-mouth disease virus of type c. waldmann: i. adaptation and immunogenicity. | 1964 | 17649543 | |
| effect of 2-(a hydroxybenzyl) benzimidazole on teschen disease virus, pig enteric viruses, and foot-and-mouth disease virus in kidney cell cultures. | the synthetic compound, 2-((a) hydroxybenzyl) benzimidazole (hbb) partially inhibited the cytopathogenicity and multiplication of teschen disease virus (tdv) and 6 enteric-cytopathogenic porcine orphan (ecpo) viruses in swine cells but not of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in bovine kidney cells. for fmdv, there appeared to be a slight enhancement in virus yield and in cytopathic effect when hbb was present. the inhibition of the viral cytopathic effect and reproduction of tdv and ecpo viru ... | 1964 | 17649516 |
| formalin-treated foot-and-mouth disease virus: comparison of two adjuvants in cattle. | 1963 | 17649456 | |
| growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus in dispersed tissue cells: i. methods of production. | methods are described for rapid and economical production of large quantities of foot-and-mouth disease virus in stationary cultures of trypsin-dispersed bovine kidney cells in a simple medium. yields of between 10(7) and 10(8) plaque-forming units per milliliter were obtained from serum-free cultures containing approximately a million and a half viable trypsin-dispersed cells per milliliter. some of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods of virus production are discussed. | 1962 | 17649388 |
| antibody response in a group of swine after infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | virus-neutralizing antibody and immunity after infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus was studied for 128 days in a group of swine. antibody first appeared at 3 days, rose to peak levels between 7-10 days, and regressed to a plateau by 28 days. after 28 days, there was little change in mean antibody titres. an attempt to reinfect 10 swine at 28 days was not successful. at 128 days, the immune status of 4 convalescent swine neutralized more than 4 logarithms of virus in an in vivo titration. ... | 1962 | 17649387 |