Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus type c of indian origin. | comparison of nucleotide sequences of the partial 1d region of foot-and-mouth disease type c viruses of indian origin with those of european, south american, and southeast asian viruses revealed that the indian viruses form a distinct genotype. the vaccine strain c ind/51/79 belongs to this genotype and may be a prototype strain of this genotype. | 2005 | 15695720 |
| comparative studies of the capsid precursor polypeptide p1 and the capsid protein vp1 cdna vectors for dna vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a severe livestock disease, and the virus is an interesting target for virology and vaccine studies. | 2005 | 15693054 |
| the nucleotide sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/fra/1/2001 and comparison with its british parental strain o/ukg/35/2001. | the complete nucleotide sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) o/fra/1/2001 (bovine isolate) was determined from five cdna clones covering most of the genome and compared with the british porcine isolate (o/ukg/35/2001) it originated from. seven substitutions, out of which three resulted in amino acid changes (in the leader protease, 3a protein and 3d rna-dependent rna polymerase sequences) were identified and confirmed by direct sequencing of rt-pcr products obtained from in vitro infe ... | 2005 | 15681075 |
| rapid control of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks: is rnai a possible solution? | 2005 | 15668119 | |
| high-level expression of recombinant 3ab1 non-structural protein from fmdv in insect larvae. | for its potential usefulness in diagnosis, the non-structural protein 3ab1 from foot-and-mouth disease virus was expressed as a soluble protein by using autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a vector. the 3ab1 coding sequence was introduced into acnpv genome via pbacpak3ab1 transfer vector to originate ac3ab1 recombinant baculovirus of phenotype occ-. rachiplusia nu larvae were injected with supernatants of sf9 cells infected with ac3ab1 and 5 days post-infection total protein ext ... | 2004 | 15664073 |
| protective immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge in guinea pigs vaccinated with recombinant p1 polyprotein expressed in pichia pastoris. | vaccination of the susceptible livestock with potent, safe and cost effective vaccine is the primary requirement to control foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in an endemic country. in this study, an alternative approach was used in which structural protein genes of all the four serotypes of fmdv (o, asia 1, a22 and c) were expressed separately in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant polyproteins (p1) were characterized by sds-page and in western blot analysis. partially purified prot ... | 2005 | 15662485 |
| phylogeny, genome evolution, and antigenic variability among endemic foot-and-mouth disease virus type a isolates from india. | the capsid-coding (p1) and 3a regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type a field isolates including two vaccine strains collected during 1977-2000 were analyzed. in the phylogenies, the isolates were distributed into two previously identified genotypes vi and vii, with multiple sub-genotypes that are temporally clustered. comparison of the antigenic relationships of field isolates with the two vaccine strains (ind 17/77 and ind 490/97) and the reference strains of the genotypes vi (ind ... | 2005 | 15662482 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes an acute disease that can be lethal for adult laboratory mice. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a picornavirus that causes an acute vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. this virus continues to be threat to livestock worldwide with outbreaks causing severe economic losses. however, very little is known about fmdv pathogenesis, partially due to the inconveniences of working with cattle and swine, the main natural hosts of the virus. here we demonstrate that c57bl/6 and balb/c adult mice are highly susceptible to fmdv infection when the virus is a ... | 2005 | 15661169 |
| crystal structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus 3c protease. new insights into catalytic mechanism and cleavage specificity. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a widespread and economically devastating disease of domestic livestock. although fmdv vaccines are available, political and technical problems associated with their use are driving a renewed search for alternative methods of disease control. the viral rna genome is translated as a single polypeptide precursor that must be cleaved into functional proteins by virally encoded proteases. 10 of the 13 cleavages are performed by the highly conserved 3c prote ... | 2005 | 15654079 |
| action of mutagenic agents and antiviral inhibitors on foot-and-mouth disease virus. | our current knowledge on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) entry into error catastrophe is reviewed. fmdv can establish cytolytic and persistent infections in the field and in cell culture. both types of fmdv infection in cell culture can be treated with mutagens, with or without classical (non-mutagenic) antiviral inhibitors, to drive the virus to extinction. 5-fluorouracil (fu) and 5-azacytidine (azc) have been employed as mutagenic agents to treat cytolytic fmdv infections, and ribavirin (r ... | 2005 | 15649564 |
| quasispecies dynamics and rna virus extinction. | the extinction of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is strongly influenced by mutation rates, types of mutations, relative viral fitness and virus population regimens during infection. here we review experimental results and theoretical models that describe a contrast between the effective extinction of fmdv subjected to increased mutagenesis, and the remarkable resistance to extinction of the same and related fmdv clones subjected to serial bottleneck events. the results suggest procedures to ... | 2005 | 15649559 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus evolution: exploring pathways towards virus extinction. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is genetically and phenotypically variable. as a typical rna virus, fmdv follows a quasispecies dynamics, with the many biological implications of such a dynamics. mutant spectra provide a reservoir of fmdv variants, and minority subpopulations may become dominant in response to environmental demands or as a result of statistical fluctuations in population size. accumulation of mutations in the fmdv genome occurs upon subjecting viral populations to repeated b ... | 2005 | 15648178 |
| global epidemiology and prospects for control of foot-and-mouth disease. | 2005 | 15648177 | |
| natural and vaccine induced immunity to fmd. | a brief overview of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) literature over the last 100 years will give the impression that a great deal is known about the immune response of livestock to infection and vaccination. at the practical level, this is indeed the case and our knowledge is more than adequate in relation to the production and supply of potent vaccines for the control of the disease. the deficiencies in our understanding of the immune response are at the fundamental level and, arguably, stand ... | 2005 | 15648176 |
| the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | structural studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) have largely focused on the mature viral particle, providing atomic resolution images of the spherical protein capsid for a number of sero- and sub-types, structures of the highly immunogenic surface loop, fab and gag receptor complexes. additionally, structures are available for a few non-structural proteins. the chapter reviews our current structural knowledge and its impact on our understanding of the virus life cycle proceeding from t ... | 2005 | 15648175 |
| translation and replication of fmdv rna. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna is infectious. after delivery of the rna (about 8.3 kb) into the cytoplasm of a cell, the rna must initially be translated to produce the viral proteins required for rna replication and for the packaging of the rna into new virions. subsequently there has to be a switch in the function of the rna; translation has to be stopped to permit rna replication. the signals required for the control of the different roles of viral rna must be included within the vir ... | 2005 | 15648174 |
| introduction and history of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) has been recognized as a significant epidemic disease threatening the cattle industry since the sixteenth century, and in the late nineteenth century it was shown by loeffler and frosch to be caused by a submicroscopic, filterable transmissible agent, smaller than any known bacteria. the agent causing fmd was thus the first virus of vertebrates to be discovered, soon after the discovery of tobacco mosaic virus of plants. it was not until 1920 that a convenient animal ... | 2005 | 15648172 |
| differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus infected animals from vaccinated animals using a blocking elisa based on baculovirus expressed fmdv 3abc antigen and a 3abc monoclonal antibody. | a blocking elisa that differentiated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infected animals from vaccinated animals was developed which uses baculovirus expressed fmdv 3abc non-structural protein as antigen and monoclonal antibody against fmdv 3abc non-structural protein as capture and detector antibody. sera from naive, vaccinated and infected cattle, sheep and pigs were examined. the specificity of the test was high. non-specific reactions observed in particular in sera of cattle and sheep could ... | 2005 | 15645377 |
| viruses in boar semen: detection and clinical as well as epidemiological consequences regarding disease transmission by artificial insemination. | many viruses have been reported to be present in boar semen, particularly during the viremic phase of the diseases. some of them, such foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine vesicular disease virus, porcine parvovirus, picornaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, japanese encephalitis virus, pseudorabies virus, african swine fever virus and reoviruses are of particular importance and accurate monitoring prior to and during the presence of boars i ... | 2005 | 15626416 |
| immune response characteristics following emergency vaccination of pigs against foot-and-mouth disease. | pigs were vaccinated with the emergency inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vaccine--water-in-oil-in-water emulsion with montanide isa206--known to protect after 3-5 days. peripheral blood leukocyte (pbl) sub-populations did not differ between vaccinates and controls post-vaccination. there was neither lymphopenia nor inflammatory reaction. fmdv-specific antibody and t lymphocyte activity developed in the vaccinates. virus-induced th1-like cytokine protein and mrna (ifngamma and il-2 ... | 2005 | 15620477 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in the americas: epidemiology and ecologic changes affecting distribution. | foot-and-mouth disease(fmd) was first recorded in south america (sa) circa 1870, in buenos aires, argentina, in uruguay, and in southern brazil as a result of the introduction of cattle from europe during the early days of colonization. livestock production to trade with neighboring countries was established in the la plata region, and the trade of livestock and products with chile, northeastern and central western states of brazil, to peru, bolivia, and paraguay spread fmd, which reached venezu ... | 2004 | 15604472 |
| complete nucleotide sequence analysis of a vaccine strain and a field isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 with an insertion in vp1 genomic region. | complete nucleotide sequences except the poly (c) tract and poly (a) tail of a vaccine strain (ind 491/97) and an atypical field isolate (ind 321/01) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia1 are described. amino acid (aa) sequence analysis of the vp1 protein of the field isolate revealed that the latter has 212 instead of 210 or 211 aa found in the so far available sequences of other fmdv isolates of asia1 serotype. the insertion was localized in the hypervariable region of aa 130-1 ... | 2004 | 15595209 |
| characterization of foot-and-mouth disease serotype asial viruses grown in the presence of polyclonal antisera in serology and nucleotide sequence analysis. | foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdv) have a high rate of mutation and spontaneous mutants can be readily. isolated in the laboratory. in this study, plaque purified fmdv asial vaccine strains (ind 63/72 and ind 491/97) were passaged in-vitro in baby hamster kidney-21 cell monolayers in the presence of sub-neutralizing levels of antiviral polyclonal sera (aps), raised in guinea pigs against the purified and inactivated whole virus particles of ind 63/72, ind 491/97 and ind 13/01. after serial pa ... | 2004 | 15593421 |
| monitoring sequence space as a test for the target of selection in viruses. | an essential feature of viral quasispecies, predicted from quasispecies theory, is that the target of selection is the mutant distribution as a whole. to test molecularly the mutant composition selected from a viral quasispecies we reconstructed a mutant distribution using 19 antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). each variant was marked by a specific amino acid replacement at a major antigenic site of the virus that conferred resistance to a monoclonal antibody (mab). the va ... | 2005 | 15581890 |
| validation of binary ethyleneimine (bei) used as an inactivant for foot and mouth disease tissue culture vaccine. | the complete inactivation of foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus is a critical requirement in the production of fmd vaccine to ensure the safety of the product. binary ethyleneimine (bei) is an aziridine compound, produced from bromoethylamine hydrobromide (bea) commonly used for the inactivation of fmd virus during vaccine manufacturing. the validation of bei, when used as an inactivant, is essential to ensure the quality of the inactivating agent and the validity of the process. in the present ... | 2004 | 15536046 |
| determinants of early foot-and-mouth disease virus dynamics in pigs. | this paper provides a quantitative description of the early infectious process in pigs experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), obtained by dose-dependent, time course studies of viral load in serum. pigs were inoculated by the intravenous or intradermal/subcutaneous route with fmdv and housed together in groups or individually. the effects of dose, inoculation route and exposure intensity on the replication of fmdv in vivo and the development of disease were studied. it ... | 2004 | 15511538 |
| detection of carriers of foot-and-mouth disease virus among vaccinated cattle. | to investigate and optimise detection of carriers, we vaccinated 15 calves with an inactivated vaccine based on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) a turkey strain and challenged them and two further non-vaccinated calves with the homologous virus four weeks later. to determine transmission to a sensitive animal, we put a sentinel calf among the infected cattle from 60 days post-infection until the end of the experiment at 609 days post-infection. samples were tested for the presence of fmdv, vi ... | 2004 | 15504586 |
| procedures for preventing transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (o/taw/97) by people. | the aim of this study was to determine personal hygiene protocols and animal avoidance periods needed to prevent transmission of fmdv (o/taw/97). forty-six, 9-week-old barrows free of fmdv were randomly allocated to five treatment groups and a control group. investigators contacted and sampled fmdv-inoculated pigs for approximately 40 min and then contacted and sampled sentinel pigs after using no biosecurity procedures, washing hands and donning clean outerwear, or showering and donning clean o ... | 2004 | 15504585 |
| the effect of bovine ifn-alpha on the immune response in guinea pigs vaccinated with dna vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | in this study, we constructed recombinant plasmid pcdna3.1/p12x3c3d including p1, 2a, 3c, 3d and part of 2b gene of fmdv and pcdna3.1/ifn containing the gene encoding bovine ifn-alpha. we inoculated the dna vaccine pcdna3.1/p12x3c3d with or without pcdna3.1/ifn to evaluate the efficiency of this dna vaccine and the immunogenicity of dna vaccine enhanced by the co-delivery with pcdna3.1/ifn. after two times of vaccination with dna vaccine, all of guinea pigs were challenged with 103 id50 fmdv typ ... | 2004 | 15483751 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth virus antibodies using a purified protein from the high-level expression of codon-optimized, foot-and-mouth disease virus complex epitopes in escherichia coli. | a codon optimized dna sequence coding for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein complex epitopes of vp1 amino acid residues 21-40, 135-160, and 200-213 was genetically fused to the c-terminal end of a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) gene in pgex-6p-1 vector with the synonymous codons preferred by escherichia coli . the gene was synthesized using pcr and subsequently expressed in e. coli producing an intracellular, soluble fusion protein that retained antigenicity associated with fmd ... | 2004 | 15483387 |
| inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus replication by small interfering rna. | foot-and-mouth disease, caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), is one of the most dangerous diseases of cloven-hoofed animals and is a constant threat to the dairy and beef industries in the middle east and other regions of the world, despite intensive vaccination programmes. in this work, the ability of specific small interfering (si)rnas to inhibit virus replication in bhk-21 cells was examined. by using bioinformatic computer programs, all fmdv sequences in public-domain databases wer ... | 2004 | 15483234 |
| new approaches to rapidly control foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks. | economically, foot-and-mouth disease is the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. the disease is highly contagious and foot-and-mouth disease virus replicates and spreads extremely rapidly. recent outbreaks in previously foot-and-mouth disease-free countries and the potential use of foot-and-mouth disease virus by terrorist groups have demonstrated the vulnerability of countries and the need to develop control strategies that can rapidly inhibit or limit spread of the disease ... | 2003 | 15482155 |
| evolutionary transition toward defective rnas that are infectious by complementation. | passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in cell culture resulted in the generation of defective rnas that were infectious by complementation. deletions (of nucleotides 417, 999, and 1017) mapped in the l proteinase and capsid protein-coding regions. cell killing followed two-hit kinetics, defective genomes were encapsidated into separate viral particles, and individual viral plaques contained defective genomes with no detectable standard fmdv rna. infection in the absence of standard fmdv ... | 2004 | 15479809 |
| reintroduction of foot-and-mouth disease in argentina: characterisation of the isolates and development of tools for the control and eradication of the disease. | this paper describes the antigenic and molecular characterisation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) strains isolated during the 2000-2002 epidemic in argentina, and the strategy implemented for disease control. two different fmdv serotypes, o and a, were involved. of the various field isolates studied, two distinct o1 lineages (strains corrientes/00 and misiones/00) and two serotype a lineages (a/argentina/00 and a/argentina/01 prototypes) were identified. the genome sequences of these stra ... | 2004 | 15474705 |
| vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus induces apoptosis via the akt signaling pathway. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) binds to cellular integrins through an rgd motif in its capsid protein, vp1. it is unclear, however, what kind of cellular event(s) are triggered after the binding of vp1 to the cells. in this study, we show that aqueous soluble recombinant dna-derived vp1 (rvp1) of fmdv induced apoptosis of bhk-21 cells after binding to integrins. in addition, treatment of bhk-21 cells with rvp1 resulted in deactivation of akt and enhancement of several proapoptotic responses ... | 2004 | 15466859 |
| comparison of immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus induced by fusion proteins using the swine igg heavy chain constant region or beta-galactosidase as a carrier of immunogenic epitopes. | previously, we demonstrated that a fusion protein (gal-fmdv) consisting of beta-galactosidase and an immunogenic peptide, amino acids (141-160)-(21-40)-(141-160), of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vp1 protein induced protective immune responses in guinea pigs and swine. we now designed a new potential recombinant protein vaccine against fmdv in swine. the immunogenic peptide, amino acids (141-160)-(21-40)-(141-160) from the vp1 protein of serotype o fmdv, was fused to the carboxy terminus o ... | 2004 | 15464847 |
| participatory diagnosis of a heat-intolerance syndrome in cattle in tanzania and association with foot-and-mouth disease. | a heat-intolerance (hi) syndrome in cattle in tanzania was suspected to be associated with previous, clinical foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). a participatory appraisal (pa) method called "matrix scoring" was used to explore livestock-keeper perceptions of association between hi and cattle diseases. a pa method called 'proportional piling' was used to estimate herd incidence of fmd and other diseases, herd incidence of hi, and association between hi and other cattle diseases. use of matrix scoring ... | 2004 | 15454324 |
| sequential modification of translation initiation factor eif4gi by two different foot-and-mouth disease virus proteases within infected baby hamster kidney cells: identification of the 3cpro cleavage site. | infection of cells by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes the rapid inhibition of cellular cap-dependent protein synthesis that results from cleavage of the translation initiation factor eif4g, a component of the cap-binding complex eif4f. two fmdv proteins, the leader (l) and 3c proteases, have been shown individually to induce cleavage of eif4gi at distinct sites within baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. here, sequential cleavage of eif4gi by the l and 3c proteases was demonstrated in fmd ... | 2004 | 15448358 |
| [pleurality of foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | 1950 | 15425226 | |
| theoretical interpretations of some experiments with intermediate variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | 1950 | 15406245 | |
| sequencing and analysis for the full-length genome rna of foot-and-mouth disease virus china/99. | the complete nucleotide sequence of genomic rna of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain china/99 from infected bovine tongue epithelium is presented. the nucleotide sequence extending from the 5' end of the genomic rna to the 5' end of poly (a) tail contains 8173 nucleotides (nt). its open reading frame, which encodes a single polypeptide of 2332 amino acids, encompasses 6999 nt starting from the initiation codon aug and terminating at the uaa codon 93 bases upstream from the 5' end of pol ... | 2004 | 15382679 |
| preserved antigenicity of hiv-1 p24 produced and purified in high yields from plants inoculated with a tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-derived vector. | production of structural proteins from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and bovine herpes virus (bhv-1) in nicotiana benthamiana through the use of a tobacco mosaic virus-based vector (tmv-30b) has been reported previously. the development of the tmv-30b-hisc vector, a new version that adds a c-terminal histidine (his) sequence to the foreign protein expressed is described. coding sequences from the fmdv vpl protein and the core protein, p24, from a clade c hiv-1 isolate from zambia were clon ... | 2004 | 15381357 |
| molecular epidemiology of serotype o foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from cattle in ethiopia between 1979-2001. | partial 1d gene characterization was used to study phylogenetic relationships between 17 serotype o foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses in ethiopia as well as with other o-type isolates from eritrea, kenya, south and west africa, the middle east, asia and south america. a homologous region of 495 bp corresponding to the c-terminus end of the 1d gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. this study described three lineages, viz. african/middle east-asia, cathay and south american. within lineage i ... | 2004 | 15373335 |
| [expression of fmdv vp1 protein in pichia pastoris and its immunological activity in mice]. | to express and identify bovine o type foot and mouth disease virus protein 1 (fmdv vp1) in yeast pichia pastoris. | 2004 | 15367336 |
| skipping the co-expression problem: the new 2a "chysel" technology. | the rapid progress in the field of genomics is increasing our knowledge of multi-gene diseases. however, any realistic hope of gene therapy treatment for those diseases needs first to address the problem of co-ordinately co-expressing several transgenes. currently, the use of internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) is the strategy chosen by many researchers to ensure co-expression. the large sizes of the iress (~0.5 kb), and the difficulties of ensuring a well-balanced co-expression, have prompte ... | 2004 | 15363111 |
| implementation in australia of molecular diagnostic techniques for the rapid detection of foot and mouth disease virus. | to evaluate and implement rapid molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) suitable for use in australia. | 2004 | 15354851 |
| genome comparison of a novel foot-and-mouth disease virus with other fmdv strains. | the genome of a novel foot-and-mouth disease virus, hkn/2002, was 8104 nucleotides (nt) in length (excluding the poly(c) tract and poly(a) tail) and was composed of a 1042-nt 5'-untranslated region (utr), a 6966-nt open reading frame, and a 93-nt 3'-utr. genome sequences of hkn/2002 and other known fmdv strains were compared. the vp1, vp2, and vp3-based neighbor-joining (nj) trees were divided into distinct clusters according to different serotypes, while other region-based nj trees exhibited so ... | 2004 | 15351730 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase: specificity at the p2 and p3 positions and comparison with other papain-like enzymes. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase (l(pro)) frees itself from the growing viral polyprotein by self-processing between its own c-terminus and the n-terminus of the subsequent protein vp4. the arglysleulys*glyalaglygln sequence is recognized. the proteinase subsequently cleaves the two isoforms of host cell protein eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4g at the alaasnleugly*argthrthrleu (eif4gi) and leuasnvalgly*serargargser (eif4gii) sequences. the enzyme does not, however, recogni ... | 2004 | 15350134 |
| recombinant bivalent vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o/a infection in guinea pig. | in this study, two dna fragments encoding amino acid (141-160)-(21-140)-(141-160) of the vp1 of fmdv (foot-and-mouth disease virus) serotype o and (138-160)-(21-40)-(138-160) of the serotype a fmdv were chemically synthesized. these two tandem-repeat fragments were ligated and transfected into prokaryotic expression vector ptrchis a to construct pth-o-a. the other vector called pth-o-scigg-a was constructed similarly only that the two tandem-repeat dna fragments were linked by the bovine-igg hea ... | 2004 | 15346195 |
| interactions of foot-and-mouth disease virus with soluble bovine alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta6 integrins. | at least four members of the integrin family of receptors, alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta6, and alphavbeta8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in vitro. our investigators have recently shown that the efficiency of receptor usage appears to be related to the viral serotype and may be influenced by structural differences on the viral surface (h. duque and b. baxt, j. virol. 77:2500-2511, 2003). to further examine these differences, we generated soluble ... | 2004 | 15331710 |
| towards a multi-site synthetic vaccine to foot-and-mouth disease: addition of discontinuous site peptide mimic increases the neutralization response in immunized animals. | synthetic replicas of both antigenic sites a and d of foot-and-mouth disease virus have been tested as a first step towards a multicomponent peptide vaccine candidate. a first evaluation has been performed by neutralization assays on cells with serum mixtures from guinea pigs immunized independently with site a (a24) and site d (d8) peptides. the addition of site d antibodies to site a antibodies has a synergistic effect on neutralization. in a second group of experiments, guinea pigs have been ... | 2004 | 15315831 |
| risks to farm animals from pathogens in composted catering waste containing meat. | uncooked meat may contain animal pathogens, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease virus, african swine fever virus and classical swine fever virus, and to prevent outbreaks of these diseases in farm animals, the disposal of meat from catering waste is controlled under the animal by-products regulations. this paper estimates the risks to farm animals of grazing land on to which compost, produced by the composting of catering waste containing meat, has been applied. th ... | 2004 | 15311800 |
| quantitative analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna loads in bovine tissues: implications for the site of viral persistence. | to understand better the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), the levels of viral rna in various bovine tissues during the acute and persistent stages of fmd virus (fmdv) infection were investigated by using quantitative rt-pcr. the viral rna levels in the tissues examined had peaked by day 1 post-infection (p.i.) and were markedly different among the tissues examined. the epithelium collected from sites of lesion development, i.e. the interdigital area and coronary band on the feet, an ... | 2004 | 15302950 |
| sequence and secondary structure requirements in a highly conserved element for foot-and-mouth disease virus internal ribosome entry site activity and eif4g binding. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and other picornaviruses initiate translation of their positive-strand rna genomes at the highly structured internal ribosome entry site (ires), which mediates ribosome recruitment to an internal site of the virus rna. this process is facilitated by eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eifs), such as eif4g and eif4b. in the eif4g-binding site, a characteristic, discontinuous sequence element is highly conserved within the cardio- and aphthovirus subgroup ... | 2004 | 15302949 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in camelids: a review. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in south american camelids, in dromedaries and bactrians is reviewed. recent well-executed experimental studies in new world camels indicate that, although the llama and alpaca can be infected with fmd virus (fmdv) by direct contact, they are not very susceptible and do not pose a risk in transmitting fmd to susceptible animal species. they do not become fmdv carriers. reports on fmd in dromedaries are, however, conflicting. serological investigations in africa and t ... | 2004 | 15301761 |
| deconvolution of fully overlapped reflections from crystals of foot-and-mouth disease virus o1 g67. | foot-and-mouth disease virus o(1) g67 forms crystals that appear similar to those of the closely related viruses o(1)k and o(1)bfs, both of which belong to space group i23. statistical disorder in the o(1) g67 crystals means, however, that the measured diffraction data possess higher symmetry consistent with point group 432. it is shown that this is due to intimate twinning, with mosaic blocks randomly distributed between the two orientations. this results in a twofold loss of information due to ... | 1995 | 15299317 |
| structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna-dependent rna polymerase and its complex with a template-primer rna. | genome replication in picornaviruses is catalyzed by a virally encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase, termed 3d. the enzyme performs this operation, together with other viral and probably host proteins, in the cytoplasm of their host cells. the crystal structure of the 3d polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus, one of the most important animal pathogens, has been determined unliganded and bound to a template-primer rna decanucleotide. the enzyme folds in the characteristic fingers, palm and t ... | 2004 | 15294895 |
| development and use of a biotinylated 3abc recombinant protein in a solid-phase competitive elisa for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a biotinylated 3abc recombinant protein was developed and used in a competitive elisa (celisa) to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) antibodies in cattle, sheep and pigs. in this report, we describe the cloning and expression of 3abc protein in escherichia coli cells as fusion protein with 6xhis and biotin. this celisa uses streptavidin to capture bacterially expressed and in vivo biotinylated 3abc antigen. the antigen capture strategy provides a simple and reliable method, which does no ... | 2004 | 15288965 |
| detection of economically important viruses in boar semen by quantitative realtime pcr technology. | the objective of this study was to develop quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (reti-pcr) tests for the detection of five economically important viruses in swine semen namely, pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). each reti-pcr test was validated for specificity, analytical sensitivity (detection limits), and experimental ... | 2004 | 15288957 |
| expansion of host-cell tropism of foot-and-mouth disease virus despite replication in a constant environment. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) variants adapted to bhk-21 cells showed an expanded host-cell tropism that extended to primate and human cell lines. virus replication in human hela and jurkat cells has been documented by titration of virus infectivity, quantification of virus rna, expression of a virus-specific non-structural antigen, and serial passage of virus in the cells. parallel serial infections of human jurkat cells with the same variant fmdvs indicates a strong stochastic component ... | 2004 | 15269370 |
| targeting of proteins derived from self-processing polyproteins containing multiple signal sequences. | the 18aa 2a self-cleaving oligopeptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus can be used for co-expression of multiple, discrete proteins from a single orf. 2a mediates a co-translational cleavage at its own c-terminus and is proposed to manipulate the ribosome into skipping the synthesis of a specific peptide bond (producing a discontinuity in the peptide backbone), rather than being involved in proteolysis. to explore the utility of the system to target discrete processing products, self-processin ... | 2004 | 15260831 |
| the survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in raw and pasteurized milk and milk products. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is not a public health threat, but it is highly contagious to cloven-footed animals. the virus is shed into milk up to 33 h before there are apparent signs of the disease in dairy cows, and, in extreme cases, signs of disease may not appear for up to 14 d. during this time, raw milk can serve as a vector for spread of the disease both at the farm and during transport to the processing plant by milk tanker. raw milk and milk products fed to animals have the ... | 2004 | 15259248 |
| generation of an infectious cdna clone of an fmdv strain isolated from swine. | a full-length cdna clone of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) isolated from swine was assembled in, the plasmid vector pbluescript ii sk+ downstream of a t7 promoter. rna synthesized in vitro using t7 polymerase lead to the production of infectious particles upon transfection of bhk-21 cells, as shown by cytopathic effects. the rescued virus was also found to be highly pathogenic for mice by intradermal injection producing a fatal disease indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus. the a ... | 2004 | 15246653 |
| effect of chemical adjuvants on dna vaccination. | dna vaccination is useful for generating immune responses, particularly the cell-mediated immune response, in a wide variety of species. however, dna vaccination generally induces only relatively weak responses; hence, various approaches have been developed recently in order to improve its efficacy or immunopotency. the use of a chemical adjuvant is one of them. previously we have shown that bupivacaine or marcaine can modulate immune responses induced by dna vaccines [proc. natl. acad. sci. 90 ... | 2004 | 15246629 |
| comparative immunogenecity of foot and mouth disease virus antigens in fmd-haemorrhagic septicaemia combined vaccine and fmd vaccine alone in buffalo calves. | humoral immune response was evaluated by monitoring the serum antibody titres and virus specific igm titres against foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus antigens in serum samples obtained from different groups of calves inoculated with combined vaccine or fmd vaccine alone, on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 days post-vaccination (dpv). the cellular immune response was monitored by mtt based lymphoproliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. higher liquid phase blocking (lpb) elisa ant ... | 2004 | 15233294 |
| [a review of the risks involved in the import of foot and mouth disease vaccinated animals and the products of such animals]. | 2004 | 15232965 | |
| differentiating infection from vaccination in foot-and-mouth-disease: evaluation of an elisa based on recombinant 3abc. | recent devastating outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in europe have reopened the discussion about the adequacy of the non-vaccination strategy implemented by the eu in 1991. here we describe the evaluation of a new commercially available test kit for the discrimination between vaccination and infection. the test is based on the detection of antibodies against the recombinant non-structural (ns) protein 3abc. in contrast to immunization with vaccines free of 3abc, these antibodies are eli ... | 2004 | 15223123 |
| comparison and analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of foot-and-mouth disease viruses from animals in korea and other panasia strains. | during the last 3 years, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o, named panasia, caused two outbreaks in the republic of korea. to determine if there was an obvious genetic relationship between the virus isolated in 2002 (o/skr/2002) and the o/skr/2000, and to further analyze the epidemiological relationships between the panasia viruses and the viruses identified in korea, the complete nucleotide sequence of the o/skr/2002 and the o/skr/2000 were determined by automatic cycling sequencing and pr ... | 2004 | 15215684 |
| sequence variability in the structural protein-encoding region of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 field isolates. | a total of 30 field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia1 belonging to two different lineages and five isolates belonging to a divergent group as delineated earlier in 1d (encodingvp1 protein) gene-based phylogeny were sequenced in the structural protein (p1) coding region. phylogenetic comparison of these isolates along with some of the published exotic sequences revealed the presence of five different lineages around the world. similar grouping pattern was observed for ... | 2004 | 15196905 |
| integrin alpha v beta 6 is an rgd-dependent receptor for coxsackievirus a9. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), a member of the enterovirus genus of picornaviridae, is a common human pathogen and is one of a significant number of viruses containing a functional arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif in one of their capsid proteins. previous studies identified the rgd-recognizing integrin alpha(v)beta(3) as its cellular receptor. however, integrin alpha(v)beta(6) has been shown to be an efficient receptor for another rgd-containing picornavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (f ... | 2004 | 15194773 |
| rna interference targeting vp1 inhibits foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in bhk-21 cells and suckling mice. | rna interference (rnai) is a powerful tool to silence gene expression posttranscriptionally. in this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of small interfering rna (sirna) targeting vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), which is essential during the life cycle of the virus and plays a key role in virus attachment to susceptible cells. we investigated in vivo the inhibitory effect of vp1-specific sirnas on fmdv replication in bhk-21 cells and suckling mice, a commonly used small anima ... | 2004 | 15194766 |
| a first molecular epidemiological study of sat-2 type foot-and-mouth disease viruses in west africa. | thirty-one viruses causing sat-2 outbreaks in seven west african countries between 1974 and 1991, and four viruses representative of east and central africa were genetically characterized in this study. four major viral lineages (i-iv) were identified by phylogenetic analysis of an homologous 480 nucleotide region corresponding to the c-terminus end of vp1. lineage i comprised two west african genotypes with viruses clustering according to year of isolation rather than geographical origin. linea ... | 2004 | 15188721 |
| application of universal primers for identification of foot-and-mouth disease virus and swine vesicular disease virus by pcr and pcr-elisa. | two approaches for simultaneous identification of both foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) are described: (1) a single-step reverse transcription-pcr with three primers and (2) a pcr-elisa assay with two universal primers for genome amplification and two virus-specific probes for identification. these methods are based on the use of 3d gene universal pcr primers, the structure of which was optimized and refined due to the close relationship between the tw ... | 2004 | 15168202 |
| the c terminus of the movement protein of brome mosaic virus controls the requirement for coat protein in cell-to-cell movement and plays a role in long-distance movement. | the 3a movement protein (mp) plays a central role in the movement of brome mosaic virus (bmv). to identify the functional regions in bmv mp, 24 alanine-scanning (as) mp mutants of bmv were constructed. infectivity of the as mutants in the host plant chenopodium quinoa showed that the central region of bmv mp is important for viral movement and both termini of bmv mp have effects on the development of systemic symptoms. a green-fluorescent-protein-expressing rna3-based bmv vector containing a 2a ... | 2004 | 15166461 |
| control measures implemented during the 2002 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in the republic of korea. | 2004 | 15162790 | |
| localization of infection-related epitopes on the non-structural protein 3abc of foot-and-mouth disease virus and the application of tandem epitopes. | by means of overlapping peptides expressed in escherichia coli in combination with western-blotting, infection specific linear epitopes were identified on the non-structural protein 3abc of fmdv. the epitopes reacted with sera from pigs or guinea pigs infected with different serotypes of fmdv, but not with sera from normal or vaccinated animals. a protein was constructed by tandem repeat of the epitope covering amino acid residues 141-190 on 3abc. an elisa based on the protein with tandem epitop ... | 2004 | 15158588 |
| re-emergence of foot-and-mouth disease in botswana. | the re-emergence of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in botswana is reported. the disease outbreak occurred in the matsiloje extension area of francistown veterinary district situated in the northeastern part of the country in an office international des épízooties (oie) recognized fmd free zone without vaccination. the disease affected cattle only and did not spillover into sheep and goats resident in the same extension area, as demonstrated by lack of seroconversion to fmd when tested. the virus i ... | 2004 | 15158214 |
| pressure-inactivated fmdv: a potential vaccine. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the causative agent of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). alternative fmd vaccines have been pursued due to important disadvantages of the one currently in use. high hydrostatic pressure (hp) has been observed to inactivate some viruses. here, we investigated the effects of hp on fmdv o1 campos-vallée (cva) infectivity. a treatment consisting of 2.5 kbar at -15 degrees c and 1m urea, completely abolished fmdv infectivity, maintaining the integrity of its cap ... | 2004 | 15149793 |
| an approach to a fmd vaccine based on genetic engineered attenuated pseudorabies virus: one experiment using vp1 gene alone generates an antibody responds on fmd and pseudorabies in swine. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and pseudorabies (pr) are two important infectious diseases in swine. an attenuated pseudorabies virus (prv) has been successfully used as a gene delivery vector for the development of live-viral vaccines. in this study, a recombinant prv-vp1 virus was constructed by fusioning the vp1 gene of fmd virus in frame to the n-terminal sequence of the gg gene of prv. to test the protective immunity, 15 fmdv sero-negative white swine were divided into three groups and immuni ... | 2004 | 15149769 |
| coordinate expression and independent subcellular targeting of multiple proteins from a single transgene. | a variety of conventional methods allow the expression of multiple foreign proteins in plants by transgene stacking or pyramiding. however, most of these approaches have significant drawbacks. we describe a novel alternative, using a single transgene to coordinate expression of multiple proteins that are encoded as a polyprotein capable of dissociating into component proteins on translation. we demonstrate that this polyprotein system is compatible with the need to target proteins to a variety o ... | 2004 | 15141063 |
| disease survey of free-ranging grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia. | samples from 17 free-ranging hunter-killed grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia, were collected during june-august 1999. all 17 deer appeared to be in good condition at the time of death. gross necropsies were performed, serum was collected for serologic evaluation of selected infectious disease agents, and feces and ectoparasites were collected for evaluation of internal and external parasites. serologic tests were positive for antibodies against bovine respiratory ... | 2004 | 15137493 |
| fitness increase of memory genomes in a viral quasispecies. | viral quasispecies may contain a subset of minority genomes that reflect those genomic sequences that were dominant at an early phase of quasispecies evolution. such minority genomes are referred to as memory in viral quasispecies. a memory marker previously characterized in foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an internal oligoadenylate tract of variable length that became dominant upon serial plaque-to-plaque transfers of fmdv clones. during large population passages, genomes with internal o ... | 2004 | 15136042 |
| molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in the adamawa province of cameroon. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a highly contagious viral disease of even-toed ungulates and is one of the most important economic diseases of livestock. most studies of fmdv are done in countries where control measures are being implemented. in contrast, in areas such as sub-saharan africa, where fmdv is endemic and new strains are likely to emerge, there are only sporadic submissions to the world reference laboratory, pirbright, united kingdom. this paper describes the molecular epi ... | 2004 | 15131187 |
| comparison of two 3abc enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of multiple-serotype foot-and-mouth disease in a cattle population in an area of endemicity. | the development of a serological test for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) which is quick and easy to use, which can identify all seven serotypes, and which can differentiate vaccinated from convalescing or potential virus carriers would be a major advance in the epidemiological toolkit for fmdv. the nonstructural polyprotein 3abc has recently been proposed as such an antigen, and a number of diagnostic tests are being developed. this paper evaluates the performance of two fmdv tests for anti ... | 2004 | 15131177 |
| the hand, foot and mouth disease virus capsid: sequence analysis and prediction of antigenic sites from homology modelling. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the most common aetiological agent detected in cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) resulting in incidences of neurological complications and fatality in recent years. a comparison of the capsid proteins implicated in the pathogenicity of the fatal and non-fatal strains of ev71, reveals a high degree of homology (93%-100% identity). to facilitate diagnostic immunoassays and vaccine development, a consensus structural model for the ev71 coat protein has been devel ... | 2002 | 15130856 |
| a practitioner's primer on foot-and-mouth disease. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is caused by an rna virus of the genus aphthovirus; 7 immunologically distinct serotypes of the virus have been identified. susceptible species are mainly domestic and wild even-toed ungulates, such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, bison, and deer. all body fluids of infected animals can contain the virus and are considered infective. the primary mode of transmission is animal-to-animal transmission through inhalation or ingestion of aerosols containing the virus. the ... | 2004 | 15112774 |
| immunogenicity and t cell recognition in swine of foot-and-mouth disease virus polymerase 3d. | immunization of domestic pigs with a vaccinia virus (vv) recombinant expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 3d protein conferred partial protection against challenge with infectious virus. the severity reduction of the clinical symptoms developed by the challenged animals occurred in the absence of significant levels of anti-3d circulating antibodies. this observation suggested that the partial protection observed was mediated by the induction of a 3d-specific cellular immune response. t ... | 2004 | 15110524 |
| low linkage disequilibrium indicative of recombination in foot-and-mouth disease virus gene sequence alignments. | we have applied tests for detecting recombination to genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). our approach estimated summary statistics of linkage disequilibrium (ld), which are sensitive to recombination. using the genealogical relationships, rate heterogeneity and mutation parameters estimated from individual sets of aligned gene sequences, we simulated matching rna sequence datasets without recombination. these simulated datasets allowed for recurrent mutations at any site to mimic homop ... | 2004 | 15105526 |
| isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus specific bovine antibody fragments from phage display libraries. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an important veterinary pathogen which can cause widespread epidemics. due to the high antigenic variability of fmdv, it is important to undertake mutation analysis under immunological pressure. to study the bovine antibody response at a molecular level, phage display technology was used to produce bovine anti-fmdv fabs. ch1-vh chains with fmdv specific binding could be isolated after selection from a library made from vaccinated cattle. though their involv ... | 2004 | 15087230 |
| foot-and-mouth disease. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. the disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus. recent fmd outbreaks in developed countries and their significant economic impact have increased the concern of governments worldwide. this review describes the reemergence of fmd in developed countries that had been disease free for many years and the effect that this has had on disease control stra ... | 2004 | 15084510 |
| integrin alphavbeta8 functions as a receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus: role of the beta-chain cytodomain in integrin-mediated infection. | field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) have been shown to use three alphav integrins, alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta6, as cellular receptors. binding to the integrin is mediated by a highly conserved rgd motif located on a surface-exposed loop of vp1. the rgd tripeptide is recognized by several other members of the integrin family, which therefore have the potential to act as receptors for fmdv. here we show that sw480 cells are made susceptible to fmdv following transfe ... | 2004 | 15078934 |
| a recombinant fusion protein and dna vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus type asia 1 infection in guinea pigs. | on the basis of amino acid (aa) sequence of the tandem repeat 133-158-20-34-133-158 which consisted of aa 133-158 of vp1 and aa 20-34 of vp4 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type asia 1 a recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pas1-p encoding a fusion protein and eukaryotic expression vectors pas1-e and pas1-edeltacpg-odn representing dna vaccines were constructed. guinea pigs immunized with these vaccines showed both neutralizing antibody and t cell proliferation responses. fmdv challe ... | 2003 | 15068379 |
| vaccination of pigs two weeks before infection significantly reduces transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the objective of this study was to investigate whether and at what time interval could vaccination reduce transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) among pigs. reduction of virus transmission by vaccination was determined experimentally. transmission of fmdv was studied in three groups of ten pigs: one non-vaccinated group and two groups that were vaccinated 7 days (-7 dpi) and 14 days before inoculation (-14 dpi), respectively. five randomly selected pigs from each group were inoculat ... | 2004 | 15063559 |
| the ultrastructure of the developing replication site in foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected bhk-38 cells. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the type species of the aphthovirus genus of the picornaviridae: infection by picornaviruses results in a major rearrangement of the host cell membranes to create vesicular structures where virus genome replication takes place. in this report, using fluorescence and electron microscopy, membrane rearrangements in the cytoplasm of fmdv-infected bhk-38 cells are documented. at 1.5-2.0 h post-infection, free ribosomes, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum, g ... | 2004 | 15039536 |
| comparable sensitivity and specificity in three commercially available elisas to differentiate between cattle infected with or vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | three commercially available elisas for the detection of antibodies to the non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were evaluated, using sera from uninfected, vaccinated, infected, inoculated, first vaccinated and subsequently infected, and first vaccinated and subsequently inoculated cattle. we compared antibody kinetics to non-structural proteins, sensitivity, and specificity. one of the elisas had a higher sensitivity and much lower specificity than the other two, there ... | 2004 | 15019100 |
| preextinction viral rna can interfere with infectivity. | when the error rate during the copying of genetic material exceeds a threshold value, the genetic information cannot be maintained. this concept is the basis of a new antiviral strategy termed lethal mutagenesis or virus entry into error catastrophe. critical for its success is preventing survival of residual infectious virus or virus mutants that escape the transition into error catastrophe. here we document that mutated, preextinction foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna can interfere with ... | 2004 | 15016853 |
| cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4gii within foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells: identification of the l-protease cleavage site in vitro. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induces a very rapid inhibition of host cell protein synthesis within infected cells. this is accompanied by the cleavage of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4gi (eif4gi). the cleavage of the related protein eif4gii has now been analyzed. within fmdv-infected cells, cleavage of eif4gi and eif4gii occurs with similar kinetics. cleavage of eif4gii is induced in cells and in cell extracts by the fmdv leader protease (l(pro)) alone, generating cleavage ... | 2004 | 15016848 |
| high-level expression of codon optimized foot-and-mouth disease virus complex epitopes and cholera toxin b subunit chimera in hansenula polymorpha. | a codon optimized dna sequence coding for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein complex epitopes of vp1 amino acid residues 21-40, 135-160, and 200-213 was genetically fused to the n-terminal end of a 6x his-tagged cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) gene with the similar synonymous codons preferred by the methylotropic yeast hansenula polymorpha. the fusion gene was synthesized based on a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and subsequently overexpressed in h. polymorpha. the chimeric protei ... | 2004 | 15013451 |
| the risks posed by the importation of animals vaccinated against foot and mouth disease and products derived from vaccinated animals: a review. | the terrestrial animal health code of the oie (world organisation for animal health) (the terrestrial code) makes recommendations for international movements of live animals and animal products because of a possible generic risk of foot and mouth disease (fmd) for these different commodities. for instance, international movement of vaccinated live animals or products of such animals is restricted due to the possible masking of clinical disease as a result of vaccination and to the perceived risk ... | 2003 | 15005540 |
| evidence that high potency foot-and-mouth disease vaccine inhibits local virus replication and prevents the "carrier" state in sheep. | the ability of a single administration of a high, medium and low potency foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccine to decrease or inhibit local virus replication and excretion in the oropharynx of sheep following aerosol challenge with homologous live virus 14 days later was examined. unvaccinated sheep showed signs of clinical fmd, whereas all of the vaccinated sheep, regardless of antigen payload, were protected against clinical disease and development of viraemia. virological and serological resul ... | 2004 | 15003651 |