| interferon inducers and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: influence of two synthetic polynucleotides on antibody response and immunity in guinea pigs and swine. | polyriboadenylic-polybouridylic acid enhanced the immunological response of guinea pigs to aqueous foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. polyriboninosinic-polyribocytidylic acid enhanced the early antibody production of swine to oil emulsified foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. polyriboninosinic-polyribocytidylic acid alone did not stimulate resistance to foot-and-mouth disease in swine. | 1977 | 188530 |
| [study of the indirect complement fixation test for use in the differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease viruses and the determination of immunity]. | studies were carried out to establish the optimal conditions for the indirect complement-fixation test (icft) and explore the possibility to use the test in differentiating the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses and checking the immunity obtained in survivals or in animals that had been vaccinated against fmd. it was demonstrated that the proper use of icft necessitates in turn the use of a minimal amount of antigen, which in the presence of 1-2 e homologous hyperimmune serum completely binds ... | 1975 | 179191 |
| comparison of laboratory techniques for the evaluation of the antigenic potency of foot-and-mouth disease virus cultures and vaccines. | | 1976 | 198304 |
| antibody response of tropical range cattle to foot-and-mouth disease virus. i. comparison of three tests. | | 1976 | 198305 |
| biochemical analysis of a virulent and an avirulent strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a comparison has been made of some of the serological and physicochemical properties of a virulent and an avirulent strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype sat1. the avirulent strain (sat1-82) was derived from the virulent strain (sat1-7) by serial passage in bhk 21 cells. the viruses were indistinguishable in cross-neutralization tests. in immunodiffusion tests a clear spur line was obtained with the sat1-82 antiserum but not with sat1-7 antiserum. the major polypeptides of the two vir ... | 1977 | 188983 |
| subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | | 1976 | 198283 |
| typing foot-and-mouth disease virus by fluorescent antibody technique. | typing of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was performed by the direct fluorescent antibody (fa) technique. type-specific fa was prepared from the following two sorts of procedures: (1) fa against live virus (fa-live) was prepared from hyperimmune serum taken from guinea pigs having received live fmd virus. then it was adsorbed with concentrated heterotype antigen. (2) fa against inactivated virus (fa-inact) was prepared from antiserum taken from guinea pigs immunized with purified fmd virus i ... | 1976 | 189221 |
| [foot-and-mouth disease in ethiopia. serologic and immunologic study of type a foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | | 1976 | 189363 |
| [serological study of several strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus type "o" isolated in europe between 1971 and 1975: application of the biomathematical system of classification]. | nine strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus type "o" received in our laboratories since 1971 have been studied serologically by osler's quantitative method of complement fixation (50% hemolysis). the results, submitted to the biomathematical system of bidimensional classification, allow to conclude that at present in europe there are two groups of foot-and-mouth disease strains of type "o"; one has reference to our vaccinal strain "o lausanne 1965" and the other to "o romania 1972" strain, whic ... | 1976 | 198285 |
| [relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activity of antibodies against the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | investigated was the effect of various amino agents (stained and phthalic anhydride and sulfopicric acid) on the complement-and antigen-fixing activity of igg and igm antibodies isolated from guinea pig sera, the donor animals being hyperimmunzed with type o, strain polyana, of the foot-and-mouth disease virus, at the moderate modification (75-86 per cent acetylation, and 36-40 per cent 'phthalation') of the primary amino groups the foot-and-mouth disease antibodies retained only half of the con ... | 1977 | 199988 |
| [use of indirect complement fixation test for studying foot and mouth disease virus]. | the indirect complement-fixation test was used in experiments for the subtype differentiation, and with the agar gel diffusion and the serum neutralization test was studied the immunity in cattle that had already recovered from foot-and-mouth disease or were immunized against the disease. it was found that the indirect complement-fixation test is instrumental in the demonstration of the antigenic differences between the foot-and-mouth viruses. comparative experiments have shown that the indirect ... | 1976 | 189484 |
| an assessment by competition hybridization of the sequence homology between the rnas of the seven serotypes of fmdv. | a comparison has been made of the rnas of the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) by competition hybridization. homology among the three european serotypes a, o, c and the asia i serotype was 60 to 70%. similar homologies were found among the three southern african territories serotypes (sat i, sat 2, sat 3), but homology between the two groups was much lower (25 to 40%). homology between the rnas of subtypes within serotypes a and o was greater than 70%. double competition ex ... | 1977 | 200707 |
| effect of oesophageal-pharyngeal secretions from normal cattle on foot-and-mouth disease virus o1. | | 1977 | 201131 |
| occurrence of cross reactions to foot-and-mouth disease virus in normal swine sera. | sera from 101 swine never exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus were tested by the plaque-reduction neutralization (prn) and radial immunodiffusion techniques for cross-reactions to 5 types of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. depending on the group of sera and the virus used, the percentage of sera cross-reacting at low levels varied from 0 to 50% with the prn technique and 0 to 20% with the radial immunodiffusion technique. 5erum-neutralization tests in mice support the finding of neutralizing ... | 1977 | 201197 |
| [structure of the protein membrane of the foot-and mouth disease virus]. | | 1977 | 202058 |
| [post-vaccinal immunity against heterologous subtypes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | | 1977 | 202059 |
| antirival activity of n-phenyl-n'-arylthiourea derivatives against some rhinoviruses. | the effect of 12 derivatives of n-phenyl-n'-aryl- or alkylthiourea, inhibitors of human enteroviruses and foot-and-mouth disease virus, on reproduction of some rhinoviruses (h-17, b-632) in hela bristol cells was studied. as screening methods both the multicylce growth test in roller tube cultures and two variants of plaque inhibition tests were employed. the compounds selected were tested in one-step growth cycle set-up. we established that n-phenyl-n'-4-hydroxyphenylthiourea (v-24) and n-pheny ... | 1977 | 188604 |
| examination of differences between foot-and-mouth disease virus strains using a radioimmunoassay techinque. | a radioimmunoassay (ria) technique was used to compare different samples of type sat 2 foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses. the reaction involved the measurement of the competition of heterologous virus with homologous virus for previously titrated homologous antiserum. the results showed that differences occurred between the viruses examined. viruses could be grouped according to their ability to compete with the homologous virus, and statistically significant differences between virus 'groups ... | 1976 | 198286 |
| [various physical and chemical properties of the 73s unit of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | at all 3 studied fmd-viruses typs o2, a5 and c we could show the 73s unit in the analytical ultracentrifuge and in the electron microscope. 73s unit is found in the normal cycle of purification of virus and by density gradient centrifugation separated and purified. in cscl ph 7.6 its density is 1.308 +/- 0,005 g/ml. its sedimentation coefficient has a value of 72.7 +/- 1,5s. in electron microscope it show itself as a empty virus capsid. its diameter is in partial purified preparations with 25 +/ ... | 1976 | 190967 |
| [classification of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus according to the relationship-dominance model for a better understanding of the concept of serologic and immunologic subtype]. | the homologous and heterologous serological titers of a specific serum can be integrated in a bidimensional system which characterizes the criteria of relationship and dominace. this bidimensional classification specifies more precisely the serological properties of each strain compared with the others (taxonomic purpose) and allows eventual guidance in the choice of vaccinal strains (epizootiologic and prophylactic purposes). | 1976 | 198287 |
| serological differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains in relation to selection of suitable vaccine viruses. | | 1976 | 198288 |
| antibody response of tropical range cattle to foot-and-mouth disease virus. ii. evaluation of response to o-1, a-27, and a-18 subtypes. | | 1976 | 198289 |
| enzyme-labelled immunosorbent assay techniques in foot-and-mouth disease virus research. | the indirect elisa technique has been developed successfully to measure antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in cattle sera. preliminary studies using a standard serum assay show that reproducible results are obtained. the method should prove useful for the examination of antibody titres in sera from large numbers of cattle or other animals. | 1978 | 206625 |
| new media and their advantages in the production of suspended cells and foot--and--mouth disease virus. | the problems related to the use of serum in cell culture are reviewed. the possibility of substituting the serum with peptones has already been shown. different peptones have been tested: one of the best is a peptone obtained from meat and casein pepsin pancreatically digested. bhk 21/13 cells were cultivated in serum-free media for 35 passages. the 0.81 cultures without automatic ph control had a cycle length of 3 days; starting with concentrations of 0.4 x 10(6) cells/ml, concentrations higher ... | 1976 | 198293 |
| [routine physico-chemical testing of concentrated virulent and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus antigens]. | the ponderal quantity of 140 s antigens and their peptide distribution are controlled in concentrated virulent and inactivated preparations proir to their being transformed into vaccines. a certain variability in the amount of 140 s particles and in the titer of peptide sensitive to trypsin (vp1) has been demonstrated in the virulent preparations. after treatment by inactivating agents (glycidaldehyde, binary ethyleneimine and formaldehyde) two types of alteration of the viral capsid are shown : ... | 1976 | 198300 |
| in vivo interference in vesicular stomatitis virus infection. | inactivated defective interfering and complete particles of vesicular stomatitis virus given intracerebrally to adult mice protect them against challenge with homologous virus whether this is given at the same time or several days later. two separate protective processes appear to be involved. the first, which comes into operation immediately after inoculation, is also effective against heterologous strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies (another rhabdovirus), and a neurotropic strain of ... | 1977 | 191397 |
| [immunogenic quality of foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | routine analysis of suspensions of foot-and-mouth disease virus and eluates of vaccine by the isopycnic method in analytical ultracentrifuge demonstrates the important heterogeneity of the viral population. this heterogeneity increases during inactivation of the virus by formol. in view of this dispersion of the physical characteristics of viral particles it may be asked (a) whether the immunogenic value is linked to the total quantity of particles which, we know, are very different from each ot ... | 1976 | 198301 |
| effect of zinc and other chemical agents on foot-and-mouth-disease virus replication. | chemical agents reported to inhibit the growth of various ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid viruses were tested against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture. these included zn(2+), aurintricarboxylic acid, polyribocytidylic acid, polyriboinosinic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, and the viral contact inactivator n-methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone alone and with cuso(4). the most effective agent, zn(2+), inhibited foot-and-mouth disease virus production in primary calf kidney cell ... | 1978 | 208461 |
| ribonuclease activities associated with purified foot and mouth disease virus. | ribonuclease activities internally and externally associated with purified foot-and mouth disease virus were detected. the outer activity was easily removed by cesium chloride or by detergent (sarkosyl). the inner activity is not removable by any procedure used and could be the enzyme responsible for the heterogeneity normally observed in the extracted fmdv-rna. it is not known at present if both activities are related to the same or to different enzymes. | 1978 | 208488 |
| secretory antibody responses in cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | antibody responses in serum, saliva, nasal secretions, or esophageal-pharyngeal fluid of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected steers were examined by single radial immunodiffusion and mouse-neutralization tests. in steers infected with type o foot-and-mouth disease virus, high serum antibody titers were detected within 10 days after infection. antibody was first detected in saliva at 30 days and gradually increased to a plateau at about 90 days. small amounts of antibody continued to be secrete ... | 1978 | 209706 |
| foot and mouth disease virus. ii. endoribonuclease activity within purified virions. | | 1978 | 210581 |
| an evalutation of some methods of assay of foot-and-mouth disease antigen for vaccines. | the relative merits of various in vitro assay systems for the measurement of the quality and quantity of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine antigen will be discussed. the assay systems include : viral infectivity, complement fixing activity, particle counts, radial diffusion titre and single radial haemolysis titre. the predictive value of the tests for the immunogenicity of the final vaccine product will be evaluated against the results of 50% protective dose titres determined in guinea pigs ... | 1976 | 198302 |
| microneutralization tests for serological typing and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains. | a microneutralization test for serotyping of fmd viruses is described. it is based on earlier observations by booth, rweyemamu & pay (1978) that dose-response relationships in quantal microneutralizations often deviated from linearity. the typing test described therefore utilizes undiluted virus preparations. in about 90% of samples a positive typing was obtained in contrast with about 50% for the complement fixation test. the test was also found to be susceptible to minimal quantities of hetero ... | 1978 | 211160 |
| [use of ultrasonics in purifying the aphthous foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | | 1978 | 211705 |
| [radial immunodiffusion reaction in research with the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | | 1978 | 211706 |
| [electron microscopy demonstration of fibrillar structures in the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | purified fmd virus was heat treated and then examined by electron microscopy with the negative contrast technique. fibrils of varying length and thickness were present; they were not present after ribonuclease treatment. they were similar to the fibrils described for other picornaviruses. viral rna was the essential component of these artificially arranged fibrils, which were composed of threads about 10 a wide, separated from one another by a gap of about 10 a. | 1975 | 173250 |
| [structure of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. 2. various physical and chemical properties of the 12s components]. | the 12s units were purified by heat treatment and acidification of purified, highly-concentrated virus, with separation of viral rna by gel filtration. the following physical parameters were obtained: - partial specific volume 0.737 +/- 0.020 g/cm3; diffusion soefficient d020,w = 3.96 +/- 0.24 f; sedimentation coefficient s020,w = 12.1 +/- 0.5s; molecular weight 283,00 +/- 30,000 dalton; refraction increment (determined by ultracentrifugation) was dn/dc = 0.189 +/- 0.010 cm3/g for white light of ... | 1975 | 173253 |
| immunogenic and cell attachment sites of fmdv: further evidence for their location in a single capsid polypeptide. | chymotrypsin cleaves only one of the four major polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv serotype o) in situ. this polypeptide (vp1, mol. wt. 29 x 10(3) was first cleaved into fragments of mol. wt. 20 and 9 x 10(3) and further cleavage could be prevented by the addition of a large excess of bovine serum albumin. the infectivity of the virus particles at this stage was the same as that of the intact virus although the rate of attachment to bhk 21 cells was slower and the immunogenic act ... | 1977 | 192841 |
| the effect of cesium salts on dense poliovirus particles. | the buoyant density of dense poliovirus particles has been examined in density gradients other than cesium chloride in order to determine the dependence of this property on the nature of the solvent. in urografin (sodium and methylglucamine amidotrizoate), dense poliovirus particles banded at two densities--1.33 and 1.39 g/cm(3)--whereas in cesium metrizoate they banded only at 1.39 g/cm(3) and in cesium sulfate at 1.38 g/cm(3). the presence of cesium ions gives rise to the occurrence of dense p ... | 1978 | 213398 |
| biochemical mapping of the foot-and-mouth disease virus genome. | four primary cleavage products, mol. wt. 10(3) x 100, 88, 56 and 52 (p100, p85, p56 and p52 respectively) are present in bhk 2i cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). however, no precursor polyprotein equal to the sum of their mol. wt. was detected, even when amino acid analogues and proteolytic enzyme inhibitors were used. three of the primary products were shown to cleave to smaller polypeptides, including the capsid polypeptides of the virus. polypeptide p88, which was shown ... | 1977 | 195008 |
| [comparison of the immunogenic potencies of purified inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus particles with variable amounts of vp1 protein (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 195512 |
| evidence for a mouse pathogenicity locus in certain temperature-sensitive mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | serial tissue culture passaging of three foot-and-mouth disease temperature-sensitive mutants demonstrated the stability of their temperature sensitivity and mouse avirulence characteristics. recovery of mouse-virulent temperature-sensitive viruses after passage of the mutants in mice suggested that these were not covariant expressions of the same locus, but were under the control of different genes. | 1977 | 197007 |
| modeling and computer stimulation approach to the mechanism of foot-and-mouth disease virus neutralization assays. | block neutralization data since 1949 for the foot-and-mouth disease virus system have been analyzed in terms of a unified mass-action theory for computing the amounts of infectious complexes. proof that infectious complexes contribute considerably to the assays was obtained by demonstrating a reduction in titer after an additional reaction with anti-ig antibody before the assay. in the suckling-mice assay with intraperitoneal inoculation, both the data of others and our own on several types indi ... | 1977 | 197591 |
| certain aspects of foot--and--mouth disease. virus production in growing bhk suspended cell cultures. | production of fmdv in growing bhk suspended cell cultures offers several technical advantages: no medium change and no sedimentation of cells prior to infection are needed, thus saving time and medium. however, the final product should be as free of serum proteins as possible. for this purpose polyethylene-glycol-(peg)-treated serum can be used for the stimulation of cell growth in combination with precipitation of the virus with peg. with this method virus preparations are obtained in which pra ... | 1976 | 198314 |
| studies on the susceptibility to foot--and--mouth disease virus of bhk cell cultures derived from various sources. | cultures of bhk monolayer and suspension cells obtained from a number of laboratories and a group of cloned sub-lines derived from suspension cells were examined for their susceptibility to three fmd virus strains. it was found that the various cultures were sensitive to the test virus strains to differing degrees. it was shown possible to obtain a clone with high susceptibility to asia 1 iran 1/73 virus from a parent culture which had a low susceptibility to that virus. the implication of these ... | 1976 | 198315 |
| immune response to virus-infection-associated (via) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by formalin or acetylethyleneimine. | the results of experiments to investigate antibody to 'virus infection associated' (via) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with formalin- or acetylethyleneimine- (aei) inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccines under laboratory conditions are reported. results are also presented from some vaccinated animals subsequently exposed to fmd infection. antibody against via was not detected before and after the first vaccination with formalin or aei-inactivated vaccine but did develop in al ... | 1979 | 216744 |
| reproducibility of yields of foot--and--mouth disease virus from bhk monolayer and suspension cells. | the production of fmd virus from bhk 21 c13 monolayer and suspension cells was examined under standardized conditions and in different systems. the yields of virus from suspension cells did not significantly exceed the yield from monolayer cells, whereas the monolayer cell was capable of producing virus from some strains of fmd virus which would not grow in suspension cells. when different production systems were examined, the scale of operation did not significantly influence the yield of virus ... | 1976 | 198316 |
| [formation of immunity in sheep inoculated with varying doses of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 0194]. | | 1979 | 217141 |
| the airborne dispersal of foot-and-mouth disease virus from vaccinated and recovered pigs, cattle and sheep after exposure to infection. | foot-and-mouth disease virus was detected during two periods in the air of looseboxes which housed susceptible, vaccinated or recovered pigs, cattle or sheep exposed to infection. the first was 30 min to 22 h after exposure and occurred in all animals. the second was two to seven days after exposure and occurred with those susceptible and vaccinated animals which developed clinical lesions, and with vaccinated and recovered pigs and sheep, which did not develop clinical lesions. vaccination of a ... | 1977 | 198862 |
| [early events in the replication of foot and mouth disease virus: subcellular localization of viral rna synthesis]. | | 1977 | 218264 |
| [micromethod of determining the complement-binding properties of commercial series of the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | investigations were carried out to establish the possibility of using a micromethod of the complement-fixation test to determine the complement-fixing properties of productional series of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. it was found that the micromethod referred to is an economically profitable and practically simple one. it is readily applicable requiring no particular apparatuses and equipment, is specific, and can successfully be used instead of the routinely employed cft method. the microm ... | 1978 | 218334 |
| routine titration of foot-and-mouth disease virus suspensions by analytical ultracentrifugation 2nd communication: sedimentation equilibrium method. | a routine method for the determination of the virus concentration in fmd virus cultures and vaccines was developed. this method was based on sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultraviolet scanning ultracentrifuge. the virus suspension was first clarified. the virions were then sedimented in a preparative ultracentrifuge. the resuspended virions were diluted in a cesium chloride solution and brought to equilibrium in the density gradient generated in the analytical ultracentrifuge. the o ... | 1977 | 200195 |
| foot and mouth disease virus. i. stability of its ribonucleic acid. | | 1978 | 202081 |
| enhancement by diethylamineothyl-dextran of the plaque-forming activity of foot-and-mouth disease virus-antibody complexes in pig kidney ib-rs-2 cells. | mixtures of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus and homologous antibody, assayed for surviving plaque-forming units (pfu) in pig kidney ib-rs-2 cells, demonstrated an average ten-fold greater recovery of infectivity when diethylaminoethyl-dextran (deae-dextran) was included in the overlay medium. this enhancement, which was not detected in baby hamster kidney bhk21 cells, was due to the ability of the polycation to potentiate attachment of virus-antibody complexes to the ib-rs-2 cells. in some in ... | 1977 | 202225 |
| dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses. | two-dimensional quantal microneutralization tests on foot-and-mouth disease viruses, in which neutralizing antibody activity was titrated against a serial range of virus doses, demonstrated a variety of dose-response curves some of which were rectilinear, others clearly curvilinear. moreover, in the case of the non-linear responses obtained with some antisera, the shape of the curve was such that antibody titres recorded with doses of virus ranging from 10(3)-10(5) tcd50 were closely similar. st ... | 1978 | 202650 |
| immune response of neonatal swine to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine with oil adjuvant. i. influence of colostral antibody. | | 1977 | 220635 |
| cross reactions of normal bovine serums with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | | 1977 | 220636 |
| purification of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection-associated antigen. | | 1978 | 221935 |
| cross reaction between bovine enterovirus and south african territories i5 foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a bovine enterovirus (e76t) isolated from a 2-year-old bull produced serologic cross reactions to south african territories (sat) i5 foot-and-mouth disease virus when inoculated into guinea pigs and cattle. cross-reacting serum titers to sat i5 virus of 1:320 by the plaque-reduction neutralization test and 1:20 by the radial immunodiffusion test occurred in 2 steers after they were inoculated with the e76t virus. in 1 steer, maximal cross-reacting titers appeared related to a 2nd exposure to the ... | 1978 | 204230 |
| cross reactions of normal bovine sera with foot-and-mouth disease virus: incidence, duration, and effect of shipping stress. | serum samples were obtained from 30 hereford steers in an area known to be free of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses as follows: before shipment and 4 times during a 70-day period after shipment; the sera were tested for the presence of cross-reacting antibody to various viruses. percentages of sera containing cross-reacting antibody to fmd virus detected by the plaque-reduction neutralization and the radial immunodiffusion techniques were higher for the fmd viruses asia and sat i5 than for t ... | 1978 | 206170 |
| in vitro comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype variants causing disease in vaccinated cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates of types o, a and sat 2, from diseased animals in herds routinely vaccinated twice a year were compared antigenically with the vaccine strains in the complement-fixation, neutralization and radial immunodiffusion tests. it was found that strains which had readily infected vaccinated cattle had r values against the vaccine strain in the complementfixation and radial immunodiffusion tests of 30 or less, while strains causing primary outbreaks with little sprea ... | 1978 | 206626 |
| indirect complement fixation test with foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation. | to a bhk-21 cell culture fluid infected with the o, a, or asia 1 type of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was added polyethylene glycol 16000 to a concentration of 10% (w/v). then the fluid was concentrated to one-tenth of the original volume. the resulting concentrated virus antigens showed a complement fixation (cf) titer ranging from 12 to 14. the rate of recovery of cf activity was in a range of 40 approximately 80%. each antigen was applied to the indirect complement fixation (icf) test w ... | 1978 | 206842 |
| some aspects of fmdv-production in growing cells and a closed system for concentration of fmdv by polyethylene glycol. | different commercially available peptone preparations, all derived by enzymatic digestion of meat, were tested for their ability to replace the individual amino acids and polyethylene glycol (peg)-treated serum in bhk suspended cell culture growth medium. cell growth was not impaired if the individual amino acids were replaced by 3 g/l of peptone in combination with 3 g/l lah and 5% peg-treated bovine serum. the concentration of the latter could be reduced to 1% by gradually lowering the concent ... | 1979 | 223924 |
| isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from yak. | | 1978 | 207010 |
| more precise location of the polycytidylic acid tract in foot and mouth disease virus rna. | the polycytidylic acid [poly(c)] tract in foot and mouth disease virus rna has been located about 400 nucleotides from the 5' end of the rna by analysis of the products from the digestion of the rna with rnase h in the presence of oligodeoxyguanylic acid [oligo(dg)]. this treatment produces a small fragment (s) containing the small protein covalently linked to the rna and a large fragment (l) that migrates faster than untreated rna on low-percentage polyacrylamide gels, lacks the poly(c) tract a ... | 1978 | 207892 |
| the detection of antibody to virus-infection associated (via) antigen in various species of african wildlife following natural and experimental infection with foot and mouth disease virus. | the double immuno-diffusion (did) test has been applied to detect antibody to via antigen in sera from various species of african wild ungulates. in conjunction with the serum neutralisation (sn) test it can be used to decide the degree of risk of movement of animals to other countries free from foot and mouth disease (fmd). the value of the test in assessing the history of infection is limited by its relatively low sensitivity and specificity in respect of virus type. | 1978 | 210744 |
| [type-specific variations in structural polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | | 1978 | 211982 |
| differentiation between specific and nonspecific reactions of bovine sera and foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) in immunodiffusion tests. | the precipitating and neutralizing activities of normal bovine sera with fmdv were studied and compared. twenty-two out of 79 normal bovine sera gave a positive reaction in micro neutralization tests with fmdv type o, while six did so with type a. in rid tests 32 sera were positive with type o and 28 with type a virus. almost all of the 79 sera gave a positive reaction in the rid with trypsin treated virus of both types. after three to four fold concentration most sera also gave visible reaction ... | 1978 | 211990 |
| antibody responses to type-specific and "virus-infection-associated" antigens in cattle vaccinated with inactivated polyvalent foot and mouth disease virus in north malawi. | | 1978 | 212157 |
| preadsorption of boar semen with kaolin: increased efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease virus detection. | the boar semen-associated cytotoxic factor(s), but not the antiviral activity, were removed by adsorption with kaolin. although foot-and-mouth disease virus was efficiently removed from medium by kaolin or kieselguhr, the virus was not removed from semen-virus mixtures. because the cytotoxicity induced by boar semen apparently altered the ability of tissue culture cells to support virus replication, preadsorption with kaolin increased the probability of detecting this virus in semen samples. | 1978 | 213994 |
| isolation and characterization of trypsin-resistant o1 variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus of types o1 and a10 were isolated which showed no significant loss of infectivity upon trypsinization. these 'trypsin-resistant' (tr) viruses were obtained by serial passage in bhk cells of virus that was trypsin-treated before inoculation of the cells. three o1 isolates were cloned and studied further. cell attachment of those tr o1 variants (otr1) was not reduced by trypsinization, unlike that of parent virus. the polypeptide compositions of tr viruses a ... | 1979 | 225425 |
| fast modification of foot-and-mouth disease virus by selecting clones in bovines. | | 1976 | 198313 |
| antibody response against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). part i: responses measured in sera of vaccinated steers with complete virus, trypsin treated virus, 12 s virus subunits and heterologous virus. | | 1979 | 225907 |
| excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid and milk of cattle after intranasal infection. | the virus growth in the pharyngeal area and the virus excretion in milk of susceptible and vaccinated dairy cows after intranasal instillation of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus type o1 were examined. ten vaccinated cows were purchased through a market. of these, nine had delivered their first calf. the cows were inoculated 2-9 months after having received the last dose of vaccine. all vaccinated cows resisted the intranasal challenge. the virus multiplied in the pharyngeal area but, compared ... | 1978 | 215675 |
| isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus messenger rna from membrane-bound polyribosomes and characterization of its 5' and 3' termini. | | 1979 | 228483 |
| the relation of poly(a) length to specific infectivity of viral rna: a comparison of different types of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | | 1979 | 228485 |
| inactivated-concentrated virus antigen for indirect complement fixation test of foot-and-mouth disease. | to the culture fluids of bhk-21 cells infected with each of types o, a, and asia 1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus was added acetylethyleneimine to 0.05% (v/v). the mixtures were incubated at 37 degrees c for 24 hours. to them were then added polyethylene glycol 6000 to 10% (w/v), and the mixtures concentrated to one-tenth of the initial volume. the resulting inactivated-concentrated virus antigens showed a complement fixation (cf) titer ranging from 12 to 24. the recovery rate of cf activity wa ... | 1978 | 216926 |
| the n-terminal sequence of three coat proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | | 1978 | 217392 |
| stability and immunogenicity of empty particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | three strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus were shown to contain significant amounts of naturally occurring 75s, empty particles as well as the infectious, 140s full particles. one of these strains--a pando (1970)--was studied in detail. the empty particles from this virus strain were shown to have an observed sedimentation coefficient of 67s in 0.04 m phosphate buffer; they were labile in sds, non-infectious and probably rna-free and, on heating, they broke down to 12s subunits as did the 14 ... | 1979 | 218538 |
| inhibition of foot and mouth disease virus and procapsid synthesis by zinc ions. brief report. | zinc ions inhibit virus production and viral rna synthesis in fmdv infected-bhk 21 cells. the degree of inhibition depends upon the zinc concentration and the time of addition of the drug. a differential inhibition on virus and procapsids synthesis was observed. | 1979 | 229792 |
| relationship between virus neutralization and serum protection bioassays for igg and igm antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the time interval between administering the serum and the virus was found to influence the results of the in vivo mouse protection test for foot-and-mouth disease antibodies. in particular, for both igg and igm antibodies to strain a12 virus, the mouse protection index increased from zero to a maximum at about 6 h and remained high for at least five days. variations in the antiserum concentration, on a log scale, had a proportional effect on the mouse protection index, if between 1 and 3. the co ... | 1979 | 219135 |
| the challenge of vaccinated pigs with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | | 1979 | 231356 |
| detection and quantification of foot and mouth disease virus by enzyme labelled immunosorbent assay techniques. | enzyme labelled immunosorbent assays (elisa) have been developed to detect and quantify foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus using flexible plastic microtitre plates. the methods were successful for the specific detection of fmd virus and were 50 to 100 times more sensitive than the complement fixation test. the application of the elisa techniques to fmd virus typing and subtyping, and to the assay of antigen concentration during manufacture of vaccines is discussed. | 1979 | 219137 |
| [radial immunodiffusion study of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a]. | the radial immunodiffusion(ri), was used to study f. m. d. viruses, type a. it was found that the specific linkage between f. m. d. antigens and antibodies could be demonstrated through ri with the formation of precipitation circles. it was demonstrated that specific reactions were produced when homologus or heterologus antigens and sera of one and the same f. m. d. virus type interacted. the size of the precipitation circles proved inversely proportional to the concentration of antibodies in th ... | 1978 | 219587 |
| the specific detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus whole particle antigen (140s) by enzyme labelled immunosorbent assay. | a solid-phase micro-enzyme-labelled immunosorbent assay (elisa) using guinea pig antiserum against purified (140s) inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus has been used in a sandwich technique to specifically measure 140s virus in the presence of 12s material. | 1979 | 222837 |
| sequence and location of the poly c tract in aphtho- and cardiovirus rna. | the poly c tract in the rna of the aphtho- and cardio viruses has been examined in several isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. the length of the tract is variable, containing 100 to 170 bases in the fmdv isolates and 80 to 250 bases in the emc virus isolates. each poly c tract contains c. 10% a and u residues, located at the 5' end, i.e. most of the tract is a continuous run of c residues. the position of the tract on the genome was the same in e ... | 1979 | 223128 |
| factorial experimental design applied to the immunological study of two foot-and-mouth disease virus subtypes. 2. theoretical study of experimental models. | a certain number of theoretical models of immunological relations that 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses can support, were constructed so as to discuss in each case, the results of the factorial analysis of the data. this method provided a specific answer to each of the questions that were asked in the presence of a test of this kind. the results obtained with several immunological cross-tests comparable to that of the a greece 69-a allier viruses, illustrated most of the theoretical models. | 1979 | 231920 |
| factorial experimental design applied to the immunological study of two foot-and-mouth disease virus subtypes. 1. a greece 1969 -- a allier example. | a double immunological cross-test, carried out with the index k method, is subjected to a statistical analysis by a factorial experiment. the a greece and a allier viruses, which have been taken as an example of the calculations procedure, seem to be in 2 immunologically different subtypes. | 1979 | 231923 |
| purification and identification of the rna-dependent rna polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase induced in bhk 21 cells by infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus has been isolated from the replication complex. it contains a major, virus-coded protein with mol. wt. 56 000 which appears from serological studies and tryptic peptide mapping to be the same as the virus infection associated (via) antigen and the protein p56 found in cells infected with the virus. other virus coded proteins and a host cell protein were present in the partially purified replic ... | 1979 | 232134 |
| serological comparison of a type sat 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolate from sudan with other type sat 2 strains. | | 1979 | 232850 |
| development of a methodology for the production of foot- and- mouth disease virus from bhk21 c13 monolayer cells grown in a 100 l (20 m2) glass sphere propagator. | | 1979 | 223915 |
| [study of the a strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus which also occurred in the netherlands]. | | 1978 | 205008 |
| cell culture on beads used for the industrial production of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the microcarrier culture technique has been applied to a pig kidney cell line. microcarriers consisted of deae sephadex a 50 beads washed and containing carboxymethyl cellulose. sifted beads gave better results than unclassified material. cells for inoculum were prepared in roux flasks. the two types of fermentors which were used (operating capacity 100 l and 150 l) gave similar results. the growth of the cells can easily be followed by microscopic observation and cell count. the yields of cells ... | 1979 | 223917 |
| [foot-and-mouth disease in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758): search of antiantigen antibodies and isolation of the virus]. | the immune response to virus-infection-associated (via) antigen was studied in 379 indian buffalos (bubalus bubalis). these animals were vaccinated three times a year with commercial acetylethyleneimine (aei)--inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines under field conditions. two months after the last vaccination, antibody against virus-infection-associated (via) antigen was found in 23 per cent. foot-and-mouth disease virus -- (fmdv) type c "waldmann" was isolated from oesophageal/pharyngeal f ... | 1979 | 233417 |
| the use of frozen bhk21 c13 cells to control the biological parameters for cell and foot-and-mouth disease virus growth. | in order to control the four primary variables (cells, serum, medium and physical conditions) in a cell or virus growth system it is important to have a reliable and constant positive control with which to compare any variable of the system components. the use of aliquots of a frozen cell population (stored at -136 degrees c) for this purpose is the subject of this paper. using such cells, tests have been established for the control of sera, media, cell susceptibility and the quality of serum tr ... | 1979 | 223922 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus: the isolation of mutants and observations on their properties and genetic recombination. | a number of temperature-sensitive mutants were isolated from two strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). various properties of the mutants were examined including comparative growth curves at permissive and restrictive temperatures, cut-off temperatures, thermal lability and ph sensitivity. recombination was observed between various pairs of mutants of fmdv strain pacheco. it occurred early in the growth cycle and the proportion of recombinants remained constant thereafter. maximum recom ... | 1975 | 237977 |
| [occurrence of an increased reaction to challenge infection after vaccination with aerosols of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | | 1976 | 961209 |
| theoretical study about the variability of the genome of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. | 1. the possibilities of change in amino acids of a protein are discussed in terms of a point mutation. 2. whereas met and trp are forced to change due to a point mutation, other amino acids (ala, arg, gly, leu, pro and val) have a probability of 1/3 to survive in the sequence. 3. on basis of these considerations, the genome from 5 strains (csp, c3ind, o1k, a10 and a12) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus was studied. 4. a hypothetical genealogic tree for these strains is suggested, where csp and ... | 1992 | 1310291 |
| identification and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus o1 burgwedel/1987 as an intertypic recombinant. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus field isolate burgwedel/1987 subtype o1 was found to differ genetically from the antigenically related strain o1 kaufbeuren within the region encoding the non-structural proteins. this genetic difference was indicated by the rnase mismatch cleavage method and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. an alignment of sequences encoding proteinase 3c of the burgwedel isolate and several other virus strains identified this isolate as an intertypic recombinant; the parent ... | 1992 | 1312120 |
| the nucleotide sequences of wild-type coxsackievirus a9 strains imply that an rgd motif in vp1 is functionally significant. | we have shown previously that, compared to other enteroviruses, the coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) prototype strain, griggs, contains a c-terminal extension to the capsid protein vp1 and that within this extension there is an rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif. to determine whether these features are found in other cav-9 strains and therefore analyse whether they are likely to be functionally important, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the appropriate region from five strains, is ... | 1992 | 1312121 |