| dipyridamole reversibly inhibits mengovirus rna replication. | dipyridamole is an effective inhibitor of cardiovirus growth in cell culture. the effects of dipyridamole on mengovirus replication in vivo and in vitro were examined in the hope the drug could be used as an experimental analog of the poliovirus inhibitor guanidine. guanidine selectively inhibits poliovirus rna synthesis but not rna translation, and as such, has been a valuable research tool. although guanidine does not inhibit cardiovirus infection, a compound with similar discriminatory charac ... | 2005 | 16103157 |
| synthesis of the allergen ovomucoid by a replicating mengo virus. | interferons induced by viral infections can have powerful immuno- modulatory effects, and several epidemiologic studies have found an association between certain viral infections and reduced prevalence of allergy. we hypothesized that allergenic proteins could be synthesized by a replicating virus, and this construct could be useful as an immunomodulator. to test this hypothesis, we cloned an allergenic protein (ovomucoid [ovm]) into a murine picornavirus (mengo virus) vector. this plasmid has a ... | 2006 | 16732496 |
| development, evaluation, and standardization of a real-time taqman reverse transcription-pcr assay for quantification of hepatitis a virus in clinical and shellfish samples. | a standardized real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay has been developed for an accurate estimation of the number of genome copies of hepatitis a virus (hav) in clinical and shellfish samples. real-time procedures were based on the amplification of a fragment of the highly conserved 5' noncoding region and detection through an internal fluorescent probe, including taqman and beacon chemistries, in one- and two-step rt-pcr formats. the best performance in terms of sensitivity and repr ... | 2006 | 16751488 |
| increased antiviral activity of microscale-purified huifn alpha 8 (human interferon alpha 8) over huifn alpha 2b in hep-2 cells challenged with mengo virus. | human proteins are not routinely expressed at high levels in escherichia coli for, among other reasons, different codon usage. several purification procedures have been applied to recover recombinant proteins for further biological characterization. however, the vast majority involve costly chromatography procedures. in the present study, both (hu)ifn(alpha 2b) (human interferon alpha 2b) and (hu)ifn(alpha 8) were expressed efficiently in e. coli bl21-codonplus-ril. subsequently, both recombinan ... | 2007 | 17523917 |
| the mengovirus leader protein blocks interferon-alpha/beta gene transcription and inhibits activation of interferon regulatory factor 3. | viral infection of mammalian cells triggers the synthesis and secretion of type i interferons (i.e. ifn-alpha/beta), which induce the transcription of genes that cause cells to adopt an antiviral state. many viruses have adapted mechanisms to evade ifn-alpha/beta-mediated responses. the leader protein of mengovirus, a picornavirus, has been implicated as an ifn-alpha/beta antagonist. here, we show that the leader inhibits the transcription of ifn-alpha/beta and that both the presence of a zinc f ... | 2007 | 17991048 |
| delivery of mengovirus-derived rna replicons into tumoural liver enhances the anti-tumour efficacy of a peripheral peptide-based vaccine. | hepatocellular carcinoma is a deadly cancer with growing incidence for which immunotherapy is one of the most promising therapeutic approach. peptide-based vaccines designed to induce strong, sustained cd8+ t cell responses are effective in animal models and cancer patients. we demonstrated the efficacy of curative peptide-based immunisation against a unique epitope of sv40 tumour antigen, through the induction of a strong cd8+ t cell-specific response, in our liver tumour model. however, as in ... | 2008 | 18256833 |
| nmr structure of the mengovirus leader protein zinc-finger domain. | the leader protein is a defining feature of picornaviruses from the cardiovirus genus. this protein was recently shown to inhibit cellular nucleocytoplasmic transport through an activity mapped to its zinc-binding region. here we report the three-dimensional solution structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy of this domain (residues 5-28) from mengovirus. the domain forms a chcc zinc-finger with a fold comprising a beta-hairpin followed by a short alpha-helix that can ... | 2008 | 18291103 |
| detection of norovirus genotype i.3b and ii.4 in bioaccumulated blue mussels using different virus recovery methods. | noroviruses (novs) are the most common non bacterial human pathogens associated with shellfish borne gastroenteritis. norovirus detection is based on molecular procedures such as reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr. a variety of methods have been developed to extract viral rna from complex shellfish matrixes and to reduce the level of rt-pcr inhibitors. the present study had three objectives: 1) determine the most appropriate sample treatment protocol for detection of novs in mussels, 2) examine whet ... | 2008 | 18640736 |
| myeloid cells are tunable by a polyanionic polysaccharide derivative and co-determine host rescue from lethal virus infection. | insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms of innate immunity is critical to understand viral pathogenesis and immunopathology and might be exploited for therapy. whereas the molecular mechanisms of the ifn defense are well established, cellular mechanisms of antiviral immunity are only emerging, and their pharmacological triggering remains unknown. coam is a polysaccharide derivative with antiviral activity but without comprehension about its mechanism of action. the coam mixture was fracti ... | 2010 | 20709940 |
| immunolocalization of picornavirus rna in infected cells with antibodies to tyr-pup, the covalent linkage unit between vpg and rna. | the genomic rna of picornaviruses is attached to a small protein (vpg) via a covalent bond between a tyrosine and a 5'-terminal uridine phosphate. the same structure is present in potyvirus and calicivirus families. vpgs play a key role in initiation of viral replication by acting as primers for rna synthesis. the model compound [n(ac),co(nhme)]tyr-(5'p→o)up-o-(ch(2))(6)nh(2) (mclu), mimicking this 'covalent linkage unit' (clu) and containing tyr-pup was synthesized in solution following the pho ... | 2010 | 21056058 |
| the leader protein of cardioviruses inhibits stress granule assembly. | stress granules (sg) are cytoplasmic aggregates of stalled translation pre-initiation complexes forming in cells exposed to various environmental stresses. here, we show that stress granules assemble in cells infected with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) mutants carrying alterations in the leader (l) protein, but not in cells infected with wild-type tmev. stress granules also formed in stat1-deficient cells, suggesting that sg formation was not a consequence of increased type-i i ... | 2011 | 21752908 |
| stress granules regulate double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase activation through a complex containing g3bp1 and caprin1. | stress granules (sgs) are dynamic cytoplasmic repositories containing translationally silenced mrnas that assemble upon cellular stress. we recently reported that the sg nucleating protein g3bp1 promotes antiviral activity and is essential in double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) recruitment to stress granules, thereby driving phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif2α). here, we delineate the mechanism for sg-dependent pkr activation. we show that g3b ... | 2015 | 25784705 |
| microfluidic quantitative pcr for simultaneous quantification of multiple viruses in environmental water samples. | to secure food and water safety, quantitative information on multiple pathogens is important. in this study, we developed a microfluidic quantitative pcr (mfqpcr) system to simultaneously quantify 11 major human viral pathogens, including adenovirus, aichi virus, astrovirus, enterovirus, human norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and hepatitis a and e viruses. murine norovirus and mengovirus were also quantified in our mfqpcr system as a sample processing control and an internal amplification contro ... | 2014 | 25261510 |
| cardiovirus leader proteins bind exportins: implications for virus replication and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking inhibition. | cardiovirus leader proteins (lx) inhibit cellular nucleocytoplasmic trafficking by directing host kinases to phosphorylate phe/gly-containing nuclear pore proteins (nups). resolution of the mengovirus lm structure bound to ran gtpase, suggested this complex would further recruit specific exportins (karyopherins), which in turn mediate kinase selection. pull-down experiments and recombinant complex reconstitution now confirm that crm1 and cas exportins form stable dimeric complexes with encephalo ... | 2016 | 26492198 |
| retrospective genetic characterisation of encephalomyocarditis viruses from african elephant and swine recovers two distinct lineages in south africa. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) outbreaks are rare in southern africa. only two have been reported to date from south africa, both coinciding with rodent irruptions. the first outbreak manifested as acute myocarditis in pigs in 1979, whilst the second, occurring from 1993 to 1994, was linked to the deaths of 64 free-ranging adult african elephants (loxodonta africana). the p1 genome region, inclusive of the flanking leader (l) and 2a genes, of three south african isolates, one from swine and t ... | 2013 | 23021643 |
| investigation of activity of recombinant mengovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase and its mutants. | the activities of wild-type mengovirus rna polymerase (rdrp) and of its three mutants with c-terminal tryptophan residue replaced by residues of alanine (w460a), phenylalanine (w460f), or tyrosine (w460y) were studied. the proteins were expressed in e. coli and purified by affinity chromatography with the impact system. the isolated recombinant proteins were studied using a cell-free replication system on elongation of oligo(u) primer on rna template corresponding to the 3'-terminal 366-meric fr ... | 2013 | 23379565 |
| evaluation of two triplex one-step qrt-pcr assays for the quantification of human enteric viruses in environmental samples. | human enteric viruses are responsible for waterborne and shellfish-associated disease outbreaks worldwide. quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) is often used to assess the health risks associated with shellfish and environmental water, but viral titres in sediments are less commonly investigated. in this study, we developed and validated two multiplex qrt-pcr assays for aquatic sediment and shellfish samples targeting viruses that are a common cause of gastroenteritis (norovirus gi, ... | 2017 | 28391510 |
| determination of which virus to use as a process control when testing for the presence of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in food and water. | noroviruses (genogroup i (nov gi) and genogroup ii (nov gii)) and the hepatitis a virus (hav) are frequently involved in foodborne infections worldwide. they are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route, direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated water and foods. in food virology, detection methods are currently based on identifying viral genomes using real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr). one of the general requirements for detecting these viruses in food involve ... | 2015 | 25771512 |
| a comparative study of digital rt-pcr and rt-qpcr for quantification of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in lettuce and water samples. | sensitive and quantitative detection of foodborne enteric viruses is classically achieved by quantitative rt-pcr (rt-qpcr). recently, digital pcr (dpcr) was described as a novel approach to genome quantification without need for a standard curve. the performance of microfluidic digital rt-pcr (rt-dpcr) was compared to rt-qpcr for detecting the main viruses responsible for foodborne outbreaks (human noroviruses (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav)) in spiked lettuce and bottled water. two process co ... | 2015 | 25725459 |
| standardized multiplex one-step qrt-pcr for hepatitis a virus, norovirus gi and gii quantification in bivalve mollusks and water. | a quadruplex real-time rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of hepatitis a virus (hav), norovirus (nov) gi and gii, and mengovirus (used as process control for determination of the virus/nucleic acid extraction efficiency) has been developed. this multiplex assay has been comparatively evaluated with the individual monoplex assays and showed to be slightly less sensitive, with average δcq values of 0.90, 0.28 and 0.44 for hav, nov gi and nov gii, respectively, in standard cur ... | 2014 | 24549198 |
| propidium monoazide integrated with qpcr enables the detection and enumeration of infectious enteric rna and dna viruses in clam and fermented sausages. | the increase of foodborne viral outbreaks highlights the need for a rapid and sensitive method for the prediction of viral infectivity in food samples. this study assesses the use of propidium monoazide (pma) coupled with real-time pcr methods (rt-qpcr or qpcr for rna or dna viruses, respectively) in the determination of viral infectivity in complex animal-related food matrices. clam and spanish fermented sausage ("chorizo") samples were spiked with infectious and heat-inactivated human adenovir ... | 2016 | 28018329 |
| propidium monoazide coupled with pcr predicts infectivity of enteric viruses in swine manure and biofertilized soil. | the use of propidium monoazide (pma) coupled with real-time pcr (rt-qpcr or qpcr for rna or dna viruses, respectively) was assessed to discriminate infectious enteric viruses in swine raw manure, swine effluent from anaerobic biodigester (ab) and biofertilized soils. those samples were spiked either with infectious and heat-inactivated human adenovirus-2 (hadv-2) or mengovirus (vmc0), and pma-qpcr/rt-qpcr allowed discriminating inactivated viruses from the infective particles, with significant r ... | 2016 | 26742766 |
| different behavior of enteric bacteria and viruses in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate. | enteric pathogens from biofertilizer can accumulate in the soil, subsequently contaminating water and crops. we evaluated the survival, percolation and leaching of model enteric pathogens in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate: phix-174, mengovirus (vmc0), salmonella enterica typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 were used as biomarkers. the survival of vmc0 and phix-174 in clay soil was significantly lower than in sandy soil (it90 values of 10.520 ± 0.600 vs. 21. ... | 2017 | 28197137 |
| comparison of three extraction methods to detect noroviruses in dairy products. | noroviruses (nov) are currently the most common cause of viral foodborne diseases and rt-qpcr is widely used for their detection in food because of its sensitivity, specificity and rapidity. the iso/ts (15216-1, 15216-2) procedures for detecting nov and hav in high-risk food categories such as shellfish, bottled water and vegetables were published in 2013. milk products are less implicated in foodborne viral outbreaks but they can be contaminated with fruit added to these products or by the food ... | 2017 | 27697160 |
| test and validation of methods to sample and detect human virus from environmental surfaces using norovirus as a model virus. | viruses cause a major proportion of human infections, especially gastroenteritis and respiratory infections in children and adults. indirect transmission between humans via environmental surfaces may play a role in infections, but methods to investigate this have been sparse. | 2016 | 26905662 |
| microrna-detargeted mengovirus for oncolytic virotherapy. | mengovirus, a member of thepicornaviridaefamily, has a broad cell tropism and can cause encephalitis and myocarditis in multiple mammalian species. attenuation has been achieved by shortening the polycytidine tract in the 5' noncoding region (ncr). a poly(c)-truncated strain of mengovirus, vmc24, resulted in significant tumor regression in immunocompetent balb/c mice bearing syngeneic mpc-11 plasmacytomas, but the associated toxicities were unacceptable. to enhance its safety profile, microrna t ... | 2016 | 26865716 |
| variability in the recovery of a virus concentration procedure in water: implications for qmra. | methods for analysing water for viruses are known to have variable and relatively poor recovery efficiencies. quantitative method recovery data are needed to correct virus enumeration results so that estimates of virus concentrations in surface waters for qmra are not too low. obtaining quantitative data representing method recoveries for different pathogenic viruses is a significant challenge. in this study, we investigated the use of mengovirus process control data for quantifying recovery eff ... | 2015 | 26383122 |
| monitoring of extraction efficiency by a sample process control virus added immediately upon sample receipt. | when analysing food samples for enteric viruses, a sample process control virus (spcv) must be added at the commencement of the analytical procedure, to verify that the analysis has been performed correctly. samples can on occasion arrive at the laboratory late in the working day or week. the analyst may consequently have insufficient time to commence and complete the complex procedure, and the samples must consequently be stored. to maintain the validity of the analytical result, it will be nec ... | 2015 | 26297430 |
| tulane virus as a potential surrogate to mimic norovirus behavior in oysters. | oyster contamination by noroviruses is an important health and economic problem. the present study aimed to compare the behaviors of norwalk virus (the prototype genogroup i norovirus) and two culturable viruses: tulane virus and mengovirus. after bioaccumulation, tissue distributions were quite similar for norwalk virus and tulane virus, with the majority of viral particles detected in digestive tissues, while mengovirus was detected in large amounts in the gills and mantle as well as in digest ... | 2015 | 26025893 |
| culture-independent evaluation of nonenveloped-virus infectivity reduced by free-chlorine disinfection. | the inability of molecular detection methods to distinguish disinfected virions from infectious ones has hampered the assessment of infectivity for enteric viruses caused by disinfection practices. in the present study, the reduction of infectivity of murine norovirus s7-pp3 and mengovirus vmc0, surrogates of human noroviruses and enteroviruses, respectively, caused by free-chlorine treatment was characterized culture independently by detecting carbonyl groups on viral capsid protein. the amount ... | 2015 | 25681178 |
| solution structures of mengovirus leader protein, its phosphorylated derivatives, and in complex with nuclear transport regulatory protein, rangtpase. | cardiovirus leader (l) proteins induce potent antihost inhibition of active cellular nucleocytoplasmic trafficking by triggering aberrant hyperphosphorylation of nuclear pore proteins (nup). to achieve this, l binds protein rangtpase (ran), a key trafficking regulator, and diverts it into tertiary or quaternary complexes with required kinases. the activity of l is regulated by two phosphorylation events not required for ran binding. matched nmr studies on the unphosphorylated, singly, and doubly ... | 2014 | 25331866 |
| reduction of cell viability induced by ifn-alpha generates impaired data on antiviral assay using hep-2c cells. | type i interferons (ifns) exert an array of important biological functions on the innate immune response and has become a useful tool in the treatment of various diseases. an increasing demand in the usage of recombinant ifns, mainly due to the treatment of chronic hepatitis c infection, augmented the need of quality control for this biopharmaceutical. a traditional bioassay for ifn potency assessment is the cytopathic effect reduction antiviral assay where a given cell line is preserved by ifn ... | 2013 | 24211646 |
| preliminary study to assess the performance of mengovirus elution from sludge. | in the virus detection protocol for sludge, the viral elution step from solids to solution is critical. in this study, mengoviruses were detected in artificially contaminated sludge with a qrt-pcr assay. the viral yields ranged between 19 and 66 % for 60 % sludge. this study demonstrates that mengovirus can be used as a sample process control for analysis of sewage sludge. | 2013 | 23797496 |
| novel biochip platform for nucleic acid analysis. | this manuscript describes the use of a novel biochip platform for the rapid analysis/identification of nucleic acids, including dna and micrornas, with very high specificity. this approach combines a unique dynamic chemistry approach for nucleic acid testing and analysis developed by destina genomics with the stmicroelectronics in-check platform, which comprises two microfluidic optimized and independent pcr reaction chambers, and a sequential microarray area for nucleic acid capture and identif ... | 2012 | 22969389 |
| suppression of injuries caused by a lytic rna virus (mengovirus) and their uncoupling from viral reproduction by mutual cell/virus disarmament. | viruses often elicit cell injury (cytopathic effect [cpe]), a major cause of viral diseases. cpe is usually considered to be a prerequisite for and/or consequence of efficient viral growth. recently, we proposed that viral cpe may largely be due to host defensive and viral antidefensive activities. this study aimed to check the validity of this proposal by using as a model hela cells infected with mengovirus (mv). as we showed previously, infection of these cells with wild-type mv resulted in ne ... | 2012 | 22438537 |
| lower respiratory tract infection induced by a genetically modified picornavirus in its natural murine host. | infections with the picornavirus, human rhinovirus (hrv), are a major cause of wheezing illnesses and asthma exacerbations. in developing a murine model of picornaviral airway infection, we noted the absence of murine rhinoviruses and that mice are not natural hosts for hrv. the picornavirus, mengovirus, induces lethal systemic infections in its natural murine hosts, but small genetic differences can profoundly affect picornaviral tropism and virulence. we demonstrate that inhalation of a geneti ... | 2012 | 22355409 |
| improved detection of norovirus and hepatitis a virus in surface water by applying pre-pcr processing. | quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) detection of waterborne rna viruses generally requires concentration of large water volumes due to low virus levels. a common approach is to use dead-end ultrafiltration followed by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. however, this procedure often leads to the co-concentration of pcr inhibitors that impairs the limit of detection and causes false-negative results. here, we applied the concept of pre-pcr processing to opti ... | 2017 | 28401478 |
| the fate of mengovirus on fiberglass filter of air handling units. | one of the most important topics that occupy public health problems is the air quality. that is the reason why mechanical ventilation and air handling units (ahu) were imposed by the different governments in the collective or individual buildings. many buildings create an artificial climate using heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. among the existing aerosols in the indoor air, we can distinguish the bioaerosol with biological nature such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. respirat ... | 2017 | 28660425 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus 1 from a deceased captive hamadryas baboon. | in 2007, numerous hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) died suddenly in an aviary of a primate institute in sochi, russia, in the absence of prior clinical signs. necropsies were suggestive of encephalomyocarditis virus infection, but rt-pcr assays with commonly used primers were negative. here we report the histopathological results obtained during necropsies and the isolation and genomic characterization of a divergent strain of encephalomyocarditis virus 1 (emcv-1) from heart tissue of one of ... | 2018 | 29113825 |