Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| propranolol ameliorates and epinephrine exacerbates progression of acute and chronic viral myocarditis. | recent studies point to important interactions between proinflammatory cytokines and neurohumoral mediators in heart failure. here we investigate the influence of the beta-adrenergic system on cytokines and neurohumoral factors and the sequelae of viral myocarditis. in an experimental model with virus-infected balb/c mice, we studied the acute and chronic effects of epinephrine and propranolol on myocardial morphology, cytokine gene expression, and survival. balb/c mice were inoculated with the ... | 2005 | 15923319 |
| evaluation of virus decontamination techniques for porcine embryos produced in vitro. | the objective of this study was to explore approaches to decontaminate embryos either contaminated naturally or under experimental conditions with different viruses. embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation and fertilisation of porcine oocytes. after 7 days of development, morula and blastocyst stages were exposed for 1 h to the following viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vir ... | 2005 | 15910918 |
| interferons alpha, beta, gamma each inhibit hepatitis c virus replication at the level of internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. | interferon (ifn)-alpha is the standard therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c, but the mechanisms underlying its antiviral action are not well understood. in this report, we demonstrated that ifn-alpha, -beta and -gamma inhibit replication of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) in a cell culture model at concentrations between 10 and 100 iu/ml. we demonstrated that the antiviral actions each of each these ifns are targeted to the highly conserved 5' untranslated region of the hcv genome, and t ... | 2005 | 15910496 |
| internal initiation of translation of the trkb mrna is mediated by multiple regions within the 5' leader. | translational regulation of the dendritically localized mrna encoding for the neurotrophin receptor trkb has important ramifications for synaptic function. we examined whether the trkb mrna is translated through an internal initiation entry site (ires). the human trkb 5' leaders are derived from the use of alternative promoters and alternative splicing, but all 5' leaders share a common exon. insertion of a full-length 5' leader, as well as the common exon into the intercistronic region of a dic ... | 2005 | 15908588 |
| the 5'-terminal region of the aichi virus genome encodes cis-acting replication elements required for positive- and negative-strand rna synthesis. | aichi virus is a member of the family picornaviridae. it has already been shown that three stem-loop structures (sl-a, sl-b, and sl-c, from the 5' end) formed at the 5' end of the genome are critical elements for viral rna replication. in this study, we further characterized the 5'-terminal cis-acting replication elements. we found that an additional structural element, a pseudoknot structure, is formed through base-pairing interaction between the loop segment of sl-b (nucleotides [nt] 57 to 60) ... | 2005 | 15890931 |
| investigation of factors responsible for cell line cytoplasmic expression differences. | previous work has described a novel cytoplasmic expression system that results in a 20-fold increase in the levels of gene expression over a standard cmv-based nuclear expression system, as compared with a 2-3 fold increase seen with previous similar systems. while this increase was seen with bhk and neuro-2a cells, further studies revealed that some cell lines, such as cos-7, demonstrated relatively poor levels of cytoplasmic expression. the objective of this study was to determine what factors ... | 2005 | 15888202 |
| the polypyrimidine tract binding protein is required for efficient picornavirus gene expression and propagation. | mammalian host factors required for efficient viral gene expression and propagation have been often recalcitrant to genetic analysis. a case in point is the function of cellular factors that trans-activate internal ribosomal entry site (ires)-driven translation, which is operative in many positive-stranded rna viruses, including all picornaviruses. these ires trans-acting factors have been elegantly studied in vitro, but their in vivo importance for viral gene expression and propagation has not ... | 2005 | 15858002 |
| exploiting cis-acting replication elements to direct hepatitis c virus-dependent transgene expression. | we describe here a novel targeting gene therapy strategy to direct gene expression responsive to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the goal was approached by engineering a construct containing the antisense sequence of the transgene and internal ribosome entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus flanked by 5'- and 3'-end sequences of hcv cdna that contain cis-acting replication elements. thus, expression of the transgene is only promoted when the minus-strand rna has been synthesized by the functional rep ... | 2005 | 15857978 |
| small interfering rna-mediated inhibition of hepatitis g virus gene expression in human hepatoma cell huh-7. | the rna interference (rnai) phenomenon is a recently observed process in which the introduction of a double-stranded, small interfering rna (sirna) into a cell causes the specific degradation of a homologous single-stranded rna. it represents an exciting new technology that could have therapeutic applications for the treatment of viral infections. since hepatitis g virus (hgv) genome is a positive-sense single-stranded rna, the replication of hgv does not lead to an integrated dna genome, sugges ... | 2005 | 15844358 |
| cryptic promoter activity in the dna sequence corresponding to the pim-1 5'-utr. | the serine/threonine kinase pim-1 mrna contains a long and g/c rich 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr). previous work suggested that the pim-1 5'-utr harbors an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) allowing for internal initiation of translation. however, several previously reported eukaryotic ires elements actually contain cryptic promoter activity. to test whether an ires or a cryptic promoter is present in the pim-1 5'-utr, the 5'-utr was re-examined using stringent test procedures. our results ... | 2005 | 15843687 |
| peptide mimetics of gamma interferon possess antiviral properties against vaccinia virus and other viruses in the presence of poxvirus b8r protein. | we have developed peptide mimetics of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) that play a direct role in the activation and nuclear translocation of stat1alpha transcription factor. these mimetics do not act through recognition by the extracellular domain of ifn-gamma receptor but rather bind to the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor chain 1, ifngr-1, and thereby initiate the cellular signaling. thus, we hypothesized that these mimetics would bypass the poxvirus virulence factor b8r protein that binds to i ... | 2005 | 15827178 |
| dengue virus inhibits alpha interferon signaling by reducing stat2 expression. | alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) is a key mediator of innate antiviral responses but has little effect on the established replication of dengue viruses, which are mosquito-borne flaviviruses of immense global health importance. understanding how the ifn system is inhibited in dengue virus-infected cells would provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis. in a recent study analyzing the ability of individual dengue virus-encoded proteins to antagonize the ifn response, nonstructural ... | 2005 | 15827155 |
| high-efficiency protein expression mediated by enterovirus 71 internal ribosome entry site. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) has been used to facilitate the expression of more than one protein in a single transcript. in this study, we examined the translational activities of several ires elements derived from different rna viruses. the protein expression of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ires is similar to that of hepatitis c virus (hcv) ires in mammalian cells. notably, the protein expression of enterovirus 71 (ev71) ires was 23-fold higher than the efficiency of emcv ires fo ... | 2005 | 15818561 |
| noninvasive monitoring of target gene expression by imaging reporter gene expression in living animals using improved bicistronic vectors. | indirect, noninvasive imaging of therapeutic gene expression based on levels of reporter gene expression is a powerful tool to devise improved therapeutic strategies in cancer gene therapy. the use of bicistronic vectors carrying internal ribosome entry sites (iress) allows the coexpression of multiple gene products from the same promoter but leads to considerable attenuation of the downstream gene. in this study, we describe the use of 10 linked copies of the gtx (homeodomain protein) ires (abb ... | 2005 | 15809490 |
| adiponectin replacement therapy attenuates myocardial damage in leptin-deficient mice with viral myocarditis. | the effects of adiponectin replacement therapy on myocardial damage were studied in leptin-deficient (ob) mice with acute viral myocarditis. encephalomyocarditis virus was injected intraperitoneally into ob and wild-type (wt) mice. one subgroup of ob mice received no intervention and another subgroup received daily adiponectin replacement, simultaneously with viral inoculation. differences in heart weight, cardiac histological score, numbers of infiltrating or apoptotic cells in the myocardium a ... | 2005 | 15790132 |
| replication of a recombinant hepatitis e virus genome tagged with reporter genes and generation of a short-term cell line producing viral rna and proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) replication has been demonstrated in hepg2 cells transfected with full-length in vitro transcripts of an infectious cdna clone. this cdna clone was modified to generate several subgenomic hev replicons with fused reporter genes. in vitro-transcribed capped rnas generated from these were transfected into hepg2 cells. negative-strand rna was detected, indicating the occurrence of replication. the replicon containing an in-frame fusion of hev orf2 with enhanced green fluores ... | 2005 | 15784913 |
| comparison of biological activity of recombinant woodchuck interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha produced in baculovirus and escherichia coli expression systems. | the full-length cdnas of recombinant woodchuck interferon gamma (rwifn gamma) and woodchuck tumor necrosis factor alpha (rwtnf alpha) were cloned into baculovirus transfer vectors and expressed in insect sf9 cells. the recombinant proteins secreted by the insect cells, bac-rwifn gamma and bac-rwtnf alpha, were found to be functionally competent. their biological activities were compared to those of rwifn gamma and rwtnf alpha produced in the escherichia coli (e. coli) expression system. the bac- ... | 2005 | 15784409 |
| inhibition of vsv and emcv replication by the interferon-induced gtpase, mgbp-2: differential requirement for wild-type gtp binding domain. | interferons (ifns) exert their anti-viral activities through the induction of anti-viral proteins. one member of the guanylate binding protein (gbp) family of ifn-induced gtpases, hgbp-1, has previously been shown to contribute to the antiviral activities of ifns. murine gbp-2 inhibited the replication of both vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). a wild type gtp binding motif was not required for vsv inhibition but was required for inhibition of emcv. this is t ... | 2005 | 15717119 |
| two mechanisms of caspase 9 processing in double-stranded rna- and virus-triggered apoptosis. | viral double-stranded rna (dsrna) is a ubiquitous intracellular "alert signal" used by cells to detect viral infection and to mount anti-viral responses. dsrna triggers a rapid (complete within 2-4 h) apoptosis in the highly-susceptible hela cell line. here, we demonstrate that the apical event in this apoptotic cascade is the activation of procaspase 8. downstream of caspase 8, the apoptotic signaling cascade bifurcates into a mitochondria-independent caspase 8/caspase 3 arm and a mitochondria- ... | 2005 | 15711931 |
| toll-like receptor 3 promotes cross-priming to virus-infected cells. | cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens plays an important role in regulating cd8+ t cell responses to proteins that are not expressed by antigen-presenting cells (apcs). dendritic cells are the principal cross-presenting apcs in vivo and much progress has been made in elucidating the pathways that allow dendritic cells to capture and process cellular material. however, little is known about the signals that determine whether such presentation ultimately results in a cytotoxic t cell (ctl ... | 2005 | 15711573 |
| establishment of a subgenomic replicon for bovine viral diarrhea virus in huh-7 cells and modulation of interferon-regulated factor 3-mediated antiviral response. | we describe the development of a selectable, bi-cistronic subgenomic replicon for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in huh-7 cells, similar to that established for hepatitis c virus (hcv). the selection marker and reporter (luc-ubi-neo) in the bvdv replicon was fused with the amino-terminal protease n(pro), and expression of the nonstructural proteins (ns3 to ns5b) was driven by an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site. this bvdv replicon allows us to compare rna replication o ... | 2005 | 15708997 |
| fatal inflammatory heart disease in a bonobo (pan paniscus). | we report the first probable identification of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in a bonobo (pan paniscus) that had been part of a forest re-introduction programme. clinical presentation was of episodic acute on chronic heart failure and cerebral infarction with end-stage renal failure rather than sudden death which is more commonly associated with emcv infection. a postmortem diagnosis of probable emcv was made using gross pathological and histopathological examination. findings included acute ... | 2005 | 15667344 |
| sindbis virus translation is inhibited by a pkr/rnase l-independent effector induced by alpha/beta interferon priming of dendritic cells. | the tropism of sindbis virus (sb) for cells of the dendritic cell (dc) lineage and the virulence of sb in vivo are largely determined by the efficacy of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-mediated antiviral responses. these responses are essentially intact in the absence of pkr and/or rnase l (k. d. ryman, l. j. white, r. e. johnston, and w. b. klimstra, viral immunol. 15:53-76, 2002). in the present studies, we investigated the nature of antiviral effects and identity of antiviral effectors ... | 2005 | 15650175 |
| encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced sialodacryoadenitis in mice. | the mode of occurrence of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus-induced acute sialodacryoadenitis was investigated using three strains of mice differing in their sensitivity to emc-d virus-induced diabetes (c57bl/6: resistant; balb/c: moderately sensitive; dba/2: highly sensitive). mice were intranasally inoculated with high (10(5) pfu/mouse) or low dose (10(2) pfu/mouse) of emc-d virus. although there were individual differences, the blood virus titer generally reached the peak ea ... | 2005 | 15596062 |
| azaanalogues of ebselen as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: synthesis and properties. | the different analogues of ebselen-unsubstituted benzisoselenazol-3(2h)-one (2a) 2-pyridylbenzisoselenazol-3(2h)-ones (2b-h) and 7-azabenzisoselenazol-3(2h)-ones (3a-j) were designed as new selenium-containing antiviral and antimicrobial agents and synthesized. some of them were found in the antiviral assay in vitro to be strong inhibitors of cythopatic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1--hsv-1 (compounds 2a,b,f,h, 3a-j) and encephalomyocarditis virus--emcv (compounds 2a,h, 3a-f,k,l). the c ... | 2004 | 15544790 |
| sustained phenotypic correction of hemophilia a mice following oncoretroviral-mediated expression of a bioengineered human factor viii gene in long-term hematopoietic repopulating cells. | hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are an attractive target cell population for hemophilia a gene therapy because of their capacity to regenerate the hematolymphoid system permanently following transplantation. here we transplanted bone marrow (bm) cells transduced with a splicing-optimized mscv oncoretroviral vector expressing a secretion-improved human factor viii gene into immunocompromised hemophilic mice that had received a reduced dose conditioning regimen. an enhanced green fluorescent prote ... | 2004 | 15509507 |
| [sero-epidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters--comparative analysis with veterinarians, farmers, and abattoir workers]. | the aim of this study was to investigate seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to compare the results with other predisposed occupational groups already investigated and to propose preventive measures. blood samples were taken from 146 male and 3 female hunters from the provinces of styria and burgenland in the south-east of austria and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following bacterial, viral and parasitic zoonotic ag ... | 2003 | 15508783 |
| new class of orthopoxvirus antiviral drugs that block viral maturation. | by using a homology-based bioinformatics approach, a structural model of the vaccinia virus (vv) i7l proteinase was developed. a unique chemical library of approximately 51,000 compounds was computationally queried to identify potential active site inhibitors. the resulting biased subset of compounds was assayed for both toxicity and the ability to inhibit the growth of vv in tissue culture cells. a family of chemotypically related compounds was found which exhibits selective activity against or ... | 2004 | 15507601 |
| encephalomyocarditis-virus-induced diabetes model resembles "fulminant" type 1 diabetes in humans. | 2004 | 15502917 | |
| [screening for antibodies against zoonotic agents among employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against zoonotic agents in employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria. sixty out of 120 employees participated in the study. in 97% of them antibodies to at least one zoonotic agent were identified. only two participants were free of antibodies to the zoonotic agents tested. the following seroprevalences (in brackets) were obtained: viral zoonotic (and potentially zoonotic) agents: influenzavirus a/h1n1 ... | 2004 | 15495931 |
| prevalent human coxsackie b-5 virus infects porcine islet cells primarily using the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor. | we have previously demonstrated that transplanting porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)-infected porcine islet cells (pics) results in transmission of the virus to recipient mice, which is manifested by acute fatal infection within 5 to 8 days. here, we determined pic susceptibility to a related and highly prevalent human picornavirus, coxsackie b-5 virus (cvb-5). | 2004 | 15479464 |
| introduction of ns5a mutations enables subgenomic hcv replicon derived from chimpanzee-infectious hc-j4 isolate to replicate efficiently in huh-7 cells. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) subgenomic replicon has been reported to replicate efficiently and continuously in human hepatoma huh-7 cells. to extend the previous results to other isolated hcv clones, we constructed another hcv replicon from hc-j4, one of chimpanzee-infectious hcv clones. an hcv replicon derived from hc-j4 (rpj4) consists of hcv-5' untranslated region, neomycin phosphotransferase gene, the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site, hcv nonstructural region, ns3 to ns5b ... | 2004 | 15357644 |
| nmr studies of the structure and mg2+ binding properties of a conserved rna motif of emcv picornavirus ires element. | the structure and mg(2+) binding properties of a conserved 75mer rna motif of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) element of encephalomyocarditis virus picornavirus have been investigated by (1)h-nmr and uv melting experiments. the assignment of the imino proton resonances with characteristic chemical shift dispersion for canonical and non-canonical base pairs confirmed the predicted secondary structure of the 75mer and its fragments. addition of mg(2+) resulted in a dramatic increase in app ... | 2004 | 15353559 |
| experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pregnant mice. | the present study was carried out to clarify the mode of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection in pregnant mice. pregnant balb/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with the d variant of emc virus (emc-d) (5 x 10(2) pfu/mouse) on 11 days of gestation and killed at 1, 3, and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). the virus titer (dam's serum, placenta, and fetus), histopathology (fetus, placenta, and uterus), distribution of viral rna (fetus, placenta and uterus), and ultrastructure (fetal heart ... | 2004 | 15351236 |
| regulation of the cell-cycle-dependent internal ribosome entry site of the pitslre protein kinase: roles of unr (upstream of n-ras) protein and phosphorylated translation initiation factor eif-2alpha. | the pitslre kinases belong to the large family of cyclin-dependent protein kinases. their function has been related to cell-cycle regulation, splicing and apoptosis. we have previously shown that the open reading frame of the p110(pitslre) transcript contains an ires (internal ribosome entry site) that allows the expression of a smaller p58(pitslre) isoform during the g2/m stage of the cell cycle. in the present study we investigated further the role of cis- and trans-acting factors in the regul ... | 2005 | 15330758 |
| phospholipid scramblase 1 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon. | phospholipid scramblase 1 (plscr1) is an interferon (ifn)- and growth factor-inducible, calcium-binding protein that either inserts into the plasma membrane or binds dna in the nucleus depending on its state of palmyitoylation. in certain hematopoietic cells, plscr1 is required for normal maturation and terminal differentiation from progenitor cells as regulated by select growth factors, where it promotes recruitment and activation of src kinases. plscr1 is a substrate of src (and abl) kinases, ... | 2004 | 15308695 |
| leptin deficiency enhances myocardial necrosis and lethality in a murine model of viral myocarditis. | to investigate the role of leptin in the development of viral myocarditis and cardiac necrosis, we used a murine model of viral myocarditis. we intraperitoneally injected encephalomyocarditis virus (500 plaque-forming units/mouse) for wild type c57 bl/6 mice (wt) and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice (ob) (n = 20 for each). ten-day survival rate was 25% in ob, whereas it was 95% in wt. heart weights on day 10 were significantly elevated in ob compared with those in wt (107.2 +/- 9.4 vs. 96.6 +/- 7.9 m ... | 2004 | 15240179 |
| viruses in type 1 diabetes: brief review. | type 1 diabetes results from the progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. although the etiology of type 1 diabetes is believed to have a major genetic component, studies on the risk of developing type 1 diabetes suggest that environmental factors, such as viruses, may be important etiological determinants. among the viruses, the most clear and unequivocal evidence that a virus induces type 1 diabetes in animals comes from studies on the d variant of encephalomyocarditi ... | 2004 | 15229381 |
| characteristics of testicular lesions in mice infected with a low dose of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. | we investigated the characteristics of testicular lesions induced in mice with a low dose (10 plaque forming units/mouse) of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus. the virus titers of blood and testis peaked at 5 days post-inoculation (5 dpi) and were no longer detected at 14 dpi. the ifn-gamma and inos mrnas expression in the testis and spleen detected by rt-pcr was prominently elevated at 7 dpi, although the expression level of tnf-alpha mrna was not affected. signals of viral rn ... | 2004 | 15215053 |
| induction of interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral responses require protein deacetylase activity. | histone deacetylase (hdac) activity, commonly correlated with transcriptional repression, was essential for transcriptional induction of ifn-stimulated genes (isg). inhibition of hdac function led to global impairment of isg expression, with little effect on basal expression. hdac function was not required for signal transducer and activator of transcription tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or assembly on chromatin, but it was needed for full activity of the signal transducer and ... | 2004 | 15210966 |
| neutralizing antibodies reduce the efficacy of betaifn during treatment of multiple sclerosis. | to analyze the impact of neutralizing antibodies (nabs) on the clinical efficacy of ifnbeta. | 2004 | 15184610 |
| the rhopalosiphum padi virus 5' internal ribosome entry site is functional in spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells and in their cell-free lysates: implications for the baculovirus expression system. | cap-independent internal initiation of translation occurs on a number of viral and cellular mrnas and is directed by internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements. rhopalosiphum padi virus (rhpv) is a member of the dicistroviridae. these viruses have single-stranded, positive-sense rna genomes that contain two open reading frames, both preceded by ires elements. previously, the activity of the rhpv 5' utr ires has been demonstrated in mammalian, drosophila and wheat germ in vitro translation syst ... | 2004 | 15166440 |
| the susceptibility of pregnant mice to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection on different days of gestation. | pregnant mice of the balb/c crslc strain were experimentally infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d, 5 x 10(2) pfu/head) on three different gestational days (gd). mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with emc-d on 11, 13 and 15 gd and sacrificed 3 days post inoculation. there was no significant difference in the fetal mortality among all inoculation groups. placenta showed higher virus titer than fetus and dam's serum in all inoculation groups, and the virus titer of ... | 2004 | 15153681 |
| removal of small non-enveloped viruses by nanofiltration. | nanofiltration is one of the most effective virus reduction methods in the manufacturing process of plasma products. however, it is difficult to remove small viruses from high molecular weight protein preparations like immunoglobulin g or factor viii complex by nanofiltration, because the size of the protein is similar to that of viruses. in order to separate the viruses from these proteins by nanofiltration, it is necessary to change the size of either one. in this study, we report that such no ... | 2004 | 15144526 |
| [mutual effect of translation initiation factors in binding with ires-element of encephalmyocarditis virus rna]. | 2004 | 15125237 | |
| transmission and pathogenicity of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) among rats. | due to the probable role played by rodents as a reservoir for the transmission of the emc virus to pigs, the experiment reported here was performed in order to assess the transmission rate of emcv within a rat population. twenty-five eight-week-old wistar rats housed in individual plastic cages were experimentally infected either with a greek myocardial emcv strain (5 rats with a 0.2 x 10(6) tcid50 dose per rat and 10 rats with a 0.5 x 10(4.5) tcid50 dose per rat, oronasally) or a belgian myocar ... | 2004 | 15099508 |
| continuous-flow uvc irradiation: a new, effective, protein activity-preserving system for inactivating bacteria and viruses, including erythrovirus b19. | despite the increasing number of screening tests being introduced, ensuring the inactivation of blood-borne pathogens in blood-derived therapeutic material is a major concern. dynamic continuous-flow uvc irradiation is a new way to inactivate a large range of pathogens without adding any photosentizers. the efficacy of different methods was evaluated against the following viruses: murine parvovirus mvmp, human b19, the encephalomyocarditis virus (emc, a picornavirus used as a model for model for ... | 2004 | 15081608 |
| herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff protein is stimulated by translation initiation factors eif4b and eif4h. | the virion host shutoff protein (vhs) of herpes simplex virus triggers accelerated degradation of cellular and viral mrnas while sparing other cytoplasmic rna species. previous work has shown that vhs forms a complex with translation initiation factor eif4h, which displays detectable rnase activity in the absence of other viral or host proteins. however, the contributions of eif4h and other host factors to the activity and mrna targeting properties of vhs have not yet been directly examined. an ... | 2004 | 15078951 |
| effect of challenge dose and age in experimental infection of pigs with encephalomyocarditis virus. | two experiments were performed to compare the severity of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in pigs. the pigs were challenged with the greek myocardial strain, at different ages and with different doses. in the first experiment, nineteen susceptible pigs, 40 days old, were divided into three groups and were experimentally infected with 10(6) tcid(50), 10(4) tcid(50) or 10(2) tcid(50) of the greek emcv strain. in the second experiment, 10 susceptible pigs, of either 20 or 105 days, were ... | 2004 | 15066721 |
| exploiting internal ribosome entry sites in gene therapy vector design. | efficient and regulated co-expression of multiple genes is an important consideration in the design of gene therapy vectors. while the augmentation of a single therapeutic gene is often sufficient for gene therapy of simple mendelian disorders, strategies for the treatment of complex disorders and infectious diseases necessitate the introduction of multiple genes into the cell. complex disorders such as cancer often involve mutations in multiple genes and a combination strategy targeting differe ... | 2004 | 15032611 |
| the role of cd4(+) t cells in biphasic hind limb paralysis induced by the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) in dba/2 mice. | dba/2 crslc mice infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) (10 pfu/head) developed biphasic hind limb paralysis due to spinal cord lesion. the early phase lesion was characterized by demyelination with infiltration of macrophages in the funiculus lateraris and the late phase lesion by degeneration of motor neurons with infiltration of cd4(+) t cells in the cornu ventrale. in the present study, treatment with anti-mac1 monoclonal antibody (mab) or anti-cd4 mab prior to vir ... | 2004 | 14993738 |
| presence of an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site sequence in avian infectious bronchitis virus defective rnas abolishes rescue by helper virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) defective rnas (d-rnas) have been used for the expression of heterologous genes in a helper-virus-dependent expression system. the heterologous genes were expressed under the control of an ibv transcription-associated sequence (tas) derived from gene 5 of ibv beaudette. however, coronavirus d-rna expression vectors display an inherent instability following serial passage with helper virus, resulting in the eventual loss of the heterologous genes. the use o ... | 2004 | 14990691 |
| suppression of cytokines and nitric oxide production, and protection against lethal endotoxemia and viral myocarditis by a new nf-kappab inhibitor. | nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) is activated by several factors, which increase the inflammatory response, and this activation, in turn, leads to the expression of several genes such as cytokines, and may play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. | 2004 | 14984720 |
| transplanting encephalomyocarditis virus-infected porcine islet cells reverses diabetes in recipient mice but also transmits the virus. | previous studies demonstrated that porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) caused acute and persistent infection in the myocardium, central nervous system, and spleen of non-human primates (cynomolgus macaques); and it productively infected primary human cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the virus may pose a risk in pig-to-human transplantation. recently, transplantation of myocardial and pancreatic tissues from acutely infected pigs transmitted the virus to recipient mice, resulting in acute fa ... | 2004 | 14962278 |
| melatonin and viral infections. | the therapeutic effects of melatonin against viral infections, with emphasis on the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee), are reviewed. melatonin has been shown to prevent paralysis and death in mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus and to decrease viremia. melatonin also postpones the onset of the disease produced by semliki forest virus inoculation and reduces the mortality of west nile virus-infected mice stressed by either isolation or dexamethasone injection. an increase in ... | 2004 | 14962057 |
| separation of encephalomyocarditis virus from tissue components by means of protamine precipitation and enzymic digestion. | 1952 | 14927552 | |
| a poly(a) tail-responsive in vitro system for cap- or ires-driven translation from hela cells. | in cells, the poly(a) tail stimulates translation from messenger rnas bearing a cap structure or viral ires elements. this 3' end-mediated stimulation of translation is not reflected in commonly used commercial cell-free translation systems prepared from rabbit reticulocytes or wheat germ. we describe a simple procedure to generate poly(a) tail-responsive translation extracts from hela cells. we suggest that this procedure should be adaptable to many animal cell lines. | 2004 | 14770005 |
| porcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the necessary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine; however, a variety of co-factors, including other infectious agents, are thought to be necessary in the full expression of disease. porcine parvovirus (ppv) was found in the inoculum used in the first experiments to reproduce pmws in gnotobiotic swine. retrospective and prospective studies in the field and laboratory have demonstrated pcv-2 can act synergistically with ppv to enhan ... | 2004 | 14741128 |
| effects of tacrolimus (fk506) on encephalomyocarditic virus-induced diabetes in mice. | the effects of tacrolimus on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) induced by the d-variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (d-emcv) have been investigated. male balb/c mice were treated with tacrolimus before viral inoculation, and then were inoculated with 10 plaque forming units (pfu) of demcv. the mice continued to be treated with tacrolimus until the animals were sacrificed. d-emcv-infected mice, which were treated with saline as controls, showed abnormal glucose tolerance test (gtt) val ... | 2004 | 14734853 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 3'- and 4'-doubly branched carbocyclic nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | a series of 3'- and 4'-branched carbocyclic nucleosides 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 were synthesized starting from simple acyclic ketone derivatives. the construction of the required quaternary carbon was made using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. in addition, the installation of a methyl group in the 3'-position was accomplished using a horner-wadsworth-emmons (hwe) reaction with triethyl 2-phosphonopropionate. bis-vinyl was successfully cyclized using a grubbs' catalyst (ii). natural bases (a ... | 2003 | 14723348 |
| transmission of porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) to mice by transplanting emcv-infected pig tissues. | we recently demonstrated that pigs infected with porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) develop a persistent infection (up to 90 days post-infection (pi)) in the heart and brain that is accompanied by virus-induced pathologic changes, and that emcv productively infects human cardiomyocytes in vitro, suggesting that emcv may pose a risk to humans following transplantation of pig tissues to humans (brewer et al. j virol 2001; 75: 11621-11629). in this report, we demonstrate that intra-abdominal ... | 2003 | 14708524 |
| monitoring for potentially xenozoonotic viruses in new zealand pigs. | shortage of human donor organs for transplantation has prompted evaluation of animals as an alternative donor source. pigs are the most acceptable candidate animals but issues of xenozoonozes remain. despite careful monitoring of high-health-status (hhs) pigs, there is still a risk that their tissues may carry infectious agents. furthermore, pathogens which are significant in xenotransplantation are not necessarily those of veterinary importance. the detection of these potentially transmissible ... | 2004 | 14695679 |
| stable expression of three genes from a tricistronic retroviral vector containing a picornavirus and 9-nt cellular internal ribosome entry site elements. | retroviral vectors are used widely to deliver heterologous genes into cells. in order to express three genes from a single rna molecule, a retroviral vector that contains two divergent internal ribosome entry site (ires) sequences has been constructed successfully. to eliminate the high frequency of recombination within a mulicistronic retrovirus vector, a 9-nt segment of a cellular mrna ires and a picornaviral ires were used, since these two ires sequences have minimal sequence homology. after ... | 2004 | 14667529 |
| attenuation of virus-induced myocardial injury by inhibition of the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor signal and decreased nuclear factor-kappa b activation in knockout mice. | this study examined the role of angiotensin ii (ang-ii) in a murine model of viral myocarditis. | 2003 | 14662266 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel trans-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropyl nucleosides. | novel trans-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. the key intermediate, 3, was synthesized via five steps from ethyl chrysanthemate and condensed with purine bases using the mitsunobu reaction to give six cyclopropyl nucleosides. these synthesized nucleosides did not show any significant antiviral activity against hsv-1, hsv-2, emcv, cox b3, or vsv, at concentrations up to 100 microm. | 2003 | 14661851 |
| innate immune response to encephalomyocarditis virus infection mediated by cd1d. | cd1d-reactive natural killer t (nkt) cells can rapidly produce t helper type 1 (th1) and/or th2 cytokines, can activate antigen-presenting cell (apc) interleukin-12 (il-12) production, and are implicated in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. the role of the cd1d system was assessed during infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d), a picornavirus that causes acute diabetes, paralysis and myocarditis. emcv-d resistance depends on il-12-mediated interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) produ ... | 2003 | 14632651 |
| functionalized alkyl and aryl diselenides as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: synthesis and properties. | the different dialkyl and diaryl diselenides with carbamoyl and sulfamoyl moieties 2, 3, 5 and other substituents in the ortho position of benzene ring 4, 7, 8 as well as derivatives of 1,2,4-benzoselenadiazine (6) were designed as antiviral and antimicrobial agents and synthesized. some of them, particularly 8a and 8b, were found in the antiviral assay in vitro to be strong inhibitors of cytopathic activity encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the compound 4a and 8a were found to have a broad spe ... | 2003 | 14630233 |
| conserved nucleotides within the j domain of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site are required for activity and for interaction with eif4g. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements of cardioviruses (e.g., encephalomyocarditis virus [emcv] and foot-and-mouth disease virus) are predicted to have very similar secondary structures. among these complex rna structures there is only rather limited complete sequence conservation. within the j domain of the emcv ires there are four highly conserved nucleotides (a704, c705, g723, and a724)., which are predicted to be unpaired and have been targeted for mutagenesis. using an ires-depen ... | 2003 | 14610168 |
| gene expression of cardiac mast cell chymase and tryptase in a murine model of heart failure caused by viral myocarditis. | this study examined the gene expression of mouse mast cell proteases to clarify their role in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis. male dba/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the encephalomyocarditis virus and the gene expression of mast cell chymase, mouse mast cell protease (mmcp)-4 and -5, and tryptase, mmcp-6, matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 and type-i procollagen was measured by real-time quantitative rt-pcr analysis. the gene expression of mmcp-4, -5 and -6 mrna was increa ... | 2003 | 14578624 |
| assays for antiviral activity. | 2004 | 14573896 | |
| analysis of t-cell receptor vbeta gene from infiltrating t cells in insulitis and myocarditis in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected balb/c mice. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus induces insulin-dependent diabetes and myocarditis in several strains of mice. the t-cell receptor (tcr) vbeta genes of infiltrating t cells in the pancreas and myocardium of balb/c mice infected with emc virus d-variant (emc-d virus) were analyzed. using a nested two-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr), tcr vbeta cdnas were cloned and sequenced. two and four kinds of tcr vbeta clones were obtained from t cells infiltrating into the pancreas and myocardium of ba ... | 2003 | 14550273 |
| susceptibility of primary culture neurons from rats of different ages to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection. | the changes in susceptibility of neurons to the d variant of emc virus (emc-d) (10(6) pfu/well) were investigated in developing hippocampal primary cultures from postnatal days of 1, 7, and 56 fischer 344 rats (p1, p7, and p56) for up to 12 h after infection (12 hai). the virus titer of primary culture neurons increased at 1 hai, decreased at 2 hai, increased at 3 hai, peaked at 8 hai, and decreased at 12 hai in all age groups. the titers at 1 and 8 hai were lowest in p56 cultures. the virus tit ... | 2003 | 14516779 |
| construction of a bicistronic proangiogenic expression vector and its application in experimental angiogenesis in vivo. | manipulation of angiogenesis in vivo is an example of successful gene therapy strategies. overexpression of angiogenic genes like vegf, fgf or pdgf causes new vessel formation and improves the clinical state of patients. gene therapy is a very promising procedure but requires large amounts of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid dna. in this regard we have constructed a bicistronic plasmid dna vector encoding two proangiogenic factors, vegf165 and fgf-2. the construct (pvif) contains the internal riboso ... | 2003 | 14515168 |
| antiviral effects of sulfated exopolysaccharide from the marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03. | the sulfated exopolysaccharide p-kg03, which is produced by the marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03, exhibited impressive antiviral activity in vitro (ec50 = 26.9 micro g/ml) against the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). depending on the p-kg03 concentration, the development of cytopathic effects in emcv-infected hela cells was either inhibited completely or slowed. moreover, p-kg03 did not show any cytotoxic effects on hela cells, even at concentrations up to 1000 microg/ml. the ... | 2004 | 14508657 |
| [titration of the infectious ribonucleic acid of the mouse encephalomyocarditis virus on ascites krebs ii cells in vitro]. | 1962 | 14475450 | |
| studies on protein and nucleic acid metabolism in virus-infected mammalian cells. 5. the kinetics of synthesis of virus protein and of virus ribonucleic acid in krebs ii mouse-ascites-tumour cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1962 | 14470361 | |
| studies on protein and nucleic acid metabolism in virus-infected mammalian cells. iv. the localization of metabolic changes within subcellular fractions of krebs ii mouse-ascites-tumour cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1961 | 14470360 | |
| action of adenine and related compounds on replication of encephalomyocarditis virus in tissue culture. | 1962 | 14466920 | |
| role of infective nucleic acid in the production of encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1960 | 14441395 | |
| fatal disease of swine due to encephalomyocarditis virus. | encephalomyocarditis virus was isolated from the organs of swine dying during an outbreak of an acutely fatal disease occurring on a farm in panama. the outstanding lesion was severe myocarditis. pigs inoculated with the viral isolate developed a systemic infection with myocarditis. | 1960 | 14425363 |
| studies on protein and nucleic acid metabolism in virus-infected mammalian cells. the formation of a virus-specific antigen in krebs ii ascites-tumour cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1. krebs ii mouse ascites-tumour cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus were found to contain, in addition to mature virus, a virus-specific protein antigen. an assay, based on the ability of this antigen to block the neutralization of purified virus by its specific antiserum, was developed. 2. this antigen was present both in the culture fluid 17 hr. after the infection of cells with virus and intracellularly, where its titre increased at a time when viral capsid protein was being synth ... | 1965 | 14348194 |
| sites of synthesis of encephalomyocarditis virus components in infected l-cells. | 1965 | 14331701 | |
| studies of three variants of mengo encephalomyelitis virus. 3. effect of overlay and polyanions of plaque size. | 1965 | 14329134 | |
| some properties of the encephalomyocarditis, columbia sk and mengo viruses. | 1965 | 14328905 | |
| studies on the biological properties and classification of sv4 virus. | 1965 | 14323044 | |
| a density mutant of encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1965 | 14322748 | |
| studies on emc viral rna synthesis and its localization in infected krebs ascites cells. | 1965 | 14319717 | |
| [column fractionation of ribonucleic acid extracted from murine encephalomyocarditis viruses and exposed to the action of heat]. | 1964 | 14309286 | |
| [isolation by column chromatography of infectious ribonucleic acid extracted from the brain of a mouse inoculated with murine encephalomyocarditis virus]. | 1964 | 14309285 | |
| the intracellular site of formation of encephalomyocarditis virus ribonucleic acid. | 1965 | 14304870 | |
| the role of interferon in tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected l cells. ii. persistent infection. | 1965 | 14299366 | |
| the induction of mutations in encephalomyocarditis virus with nitrous acid. | 1965 | 14299357 | |
| the role of interferon in tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected l cells. i. acute infection. | 1965 | 14299351 | |
| [comparative biological and physico-chemical studies of some nucleic acids exposed to the action of heat]. | 1964 | 14297947 | |
| infection of escherichia coli k-12 with rna of encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1965 | 14282021 | |
| replication of mengovirus in chinese hamster ovary cells. la-3132-ms. | 1964 | 14271615 | |
| [new light on the mode of action of oral immunization]. | 1965 | 14267524 | |
| electrophoretic separation of the proteins of ribosome subunits and of encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1964 | 14257698 | |
| intracellular fate of mengo virus ribonucleic acid. | homma, m. (the wistar institute, philadelphia, pa.), and a. f. graham. intracellular fate of mengo virus ribonucleic acid. j. bacteriol. 89:64-73. 1965.-p(32)-labeled, purified preparations of mengo virus adsorbed rapidly and irreversibly to l cells maintained in suspension cultures. at intervals after adsorption of labeled virus, the total ribonucleic acid (rna) of infected cells was extracted by a phenol technique. infectivity titrations on this rna showed that it retained its full biological ... | 1965 | 14255683 |
| antibodies to viruses of the columbia sk group in sciuridae in britain. | 1964 | 14240114 |