Publications

virus-induced diabetes mellitus. vi. genetically determined host differences in the replicating of encephalomyocarditis virus in pancreatic beta cells.	beta cells were isolated from strains of mice that were susceptible and resistant to encephalomyocarditis (emc) viral-induced diabetes mellitus. beta cells from susceptible mice that were infected in vivo with emc virus showed higher viral titers, more severe degranulation, and lower concentrations of immunoreactive insulin than beta cells from resistant mice. immunofluorescence and infectious center assays revealed that pancreas from susceptible mice contained at least 10 times more infected ce ...	1976	177713
stimulation of murine interferon by a substituted pyrimidine.	2-amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (u-25,166) induced high levels of circulating interferon in mice when administered either parenterally or orally. peak titers of interferon were found in the serum between 6 and 12 h after inoculation of the drug. lower but significant levels of interferon were found in rat serum after administration of u-25,166 by either the intraperitoneal or oral route, and good levels of circulating interferon were observed in cats after oral treatment. repeated intrape ...	1976	176934
cellular protein synthesis shutoff by mengovirus: translation of nonviral and viral mrna's in extracts from uninfected and infected ehrlich ascites tumor cells.	the mechanism whereby picornaviruses inhibit host protein synthesis while their own synthetic processes proceed unabated has remained elusive. one of our approaches to this problem was to study the ability of cell-free extracts derived from uninfected and mengovirus-infected ehrlich ascites tumor cells to translate viral and nonviral mrna's under various conditions of incubation. our results indicate that viral messengers (from mengovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus) and cellular messengers [ ...	1976	176460
persistent reovirus infection of cho cells resulting in virus resistance.	we obtained a persistently infected line of chinese hamster ovary cells by selection for resistance to reovirus infection. the cells were persistently infected by a population of viruses that were (i) cytopathic for parental chinese hamster ovary cells and (ii) similar to wild-type reovirus in molecular characteristics. the growth rate, plating efficiency, and morphology of the cells were altered. a large majority of the cells in the population were infected. there was no detectable interferon p ...	1976	176428
virus-induced diabetes mellitus. iv. genetic and environmental factors influencing the development of diabetes after infection with the m variant of encephalomyocarditis virus.	the m variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) infects pancreatic beta cells and causes the development of a diabetic syndrome in susceptible strains of mice. by examining four f1 crosses of susceptible and resistant strains of mice, we found that the development of diabetes after infection was inherited as a recessive trait. analysis of the data from the f2 generation indicated that more than one gene was involved in the development of emc-diabetes. the severity and frequency of abnormal glu ...	1976	176076
[formation and persistence of latex-agglutination-inhibiting igg- and igm-antibodies in rabbits inoculated with poliomyelitis, coxsackie and encephalomyocarditis viruses (author's transl)].	the formation and presistence of virus specific igg- and igm-antibodies produced in rabbits after a single dose of poliomyelitisvirus, coxsackievirus or encephalomyocarditisvirus were tested comparatively by latex-agglutination-inhibition test, hemagglutination-inhibition test and neutralization test. the animals were immunized either intravenously alone or with freund's complete adjuvant. the igm-antibodies were only detectable for a short time by the three tests. in the igg-fraction and in the ...	1975	175613
[proceedings: immunologic demonstration of b and a cells in the pancreas of the dba-mouse during emc-virus infection].		1975	175611
failure of globin mrna to stimulate globin synthesis in cell-free extracts of interferon-treated globin-synthesizing mouse erythroleukemic cells.		1976	174296
interferon treatment of ehrlich ascites tumor cells: effects on exogenous mrna translation and trna inactivation in the cell extract.	we reported earlier that in cell extracts that were prepared from interferon-treated ehrlich ascites tumor cells and preincubated and passed through sephadex g-25 (s60int), the translation of exogenous mrna (viral and host) was impaired and the impairment could be overcome to a large extent by adding a crude trna preparation from ehrlich ascites tumor cells but not from escherichia coli. we find now that the rate of inactivation of some trna's (especially those specific for leucine, lysine, and ...	1975	173882
anti-viral activity of single-stranded homopolynucleotides against encephalomyocarditis virus and semliki forest virus in adult mice without interferon induction.	single administrations of poly c or poly i are anti-viral against infections of encephalomyocarditis (emc) and semliki forest virus (sfv) in mice but poly u and poly a are not. the degree of protection is dose-dependent and mice which die do so at a later time when untreated controls even in a strain of mouse in which the time of death is not dependent on the dose of virus given. no circulating interferon is found after treating mice with poly c or poly i even at polynucleotide doses which give ...	1976	173799
encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs. 2. experimental disease.	encephalomycarditis virus recovered from a pig mortality in new south wales was used to produce experimental infections. of 34 pigs exposed, 17 died and a further 7 were found to have severe heart lesions when killed. deaths occurred from 2 to 11 days after exposure with a mode of approximately 3 days. ten of 11 pigs exposed by intramuscular injection died and the remaining pig was killed after 28 days and found to have severe resolving heart lesions. of 15 pigs exposed per os to various doses o ...	1975	173274
encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs. 1. an outbreak in new south wales.	substantial pig mortalities due to heart disease caused by emc virus infection are described. the majority occurred in 1970 in conjunction with a rodent plague, but retrospective diagnosis of occasional similar mortalities in previous years was possible. mortality rates in pigs aged 3 to 16 weeks ranged from a few percent to over 50% and the rate was generally highest in younger animals. it is likely that a considerable proportion of cases was sub-clinical. focal or diffuse pale areas occurred i ...	1975	173273
virus-induced damage of the myocardial cell.	a total of 330 male 3-week-old mice of the n.m.r.i./han. strain were infected with the m-variant of the emc (encephalomyocarditis) virus by subcutaneous inoculation of 0.25 ml of the virus suspension diluted 1:500. animals were killed at 4- or 6-hour intervals, respectively, and groups of 2 to 8 hearts were taken for virological, morphological, and biochemical studies. before the 8th hour after the inoculation, no virus and no pathological cell changes could be detected in the hearts; it is assu ...	1975	172991
ultrastructural myocardial changes produced by viruses.	some of the ultrastructural pathological alterations in the myocardium produced by viral infections with members of the picornavirus group are described. these alterations varied from mild to severe, with necrosis. in animals infected with coxsackie b1 virus and emc virus, readily identifiable viral crystals were frequently found in association with the myocardial lesions by means of electron microscopy. the electron microscope made it possible to study vary early myocardial changes which were n ...	1975	172990
virus-induced diabetes mellitus. v. biological differences between the m variant and other strains of encephalomyocarditis virus.	the m variant of encephalomyocarditis virus is very closely related serologically to five other strains of encephalomyocarditis virus. despite the serological relationship, these five viruses differ markedly from the m variant in their tissue tropisms and only the m variant infects beta cells of the pancreas, producing diabetes.	1975	172456
[functional activity of information rna isolated from krebs-ii cells infected with encephalomyocarditis viruses].		1975	172304
methylmercury: effect on oncogenic and nononcogenic viruses in mice.	mice fed methylmercury chloride at dosages of 1 or 10 ppm for 84 days had significantly higher mortality rates when inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus (nononcogenic) than did nonmethylmercury-treated mice. however, methylmercury fed to mice which were inoculated with rauscher leukemia virus (oncogenic) did not alter the course of neoplasia. these results demonstrate that prolonged exposure to subclinical concentrations of methylmercury increased susceptibility of a host to a nononcogenic ...	1975	171982
enhancement of immunity against murine syngeneic tumors by a fraction extracted from non-pathogenic mycobacteria.	the data reported here demonstrate that a preparation extracted from nonpathogenic mycobacteria such as mycobacterium smegmatis and hereafter referred to as interphase material protected mice against ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, l-1210 leukemia, and another syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. furthermore, mice treated by this preparation were much less susceptible to endotoxins than when stimulated by bcg (bacillus calmette-guerin) or m. smegmatis cells. moreover, guinea pigs treated by interphase materi ...	1975	171670
ultrastructural alterations of tissue cultures from human fetal brain infected with the e variant of emc virus.	explant outgrowths from human fetal brain were infected with 104 plaque forming units of the e variant of the encephalomyocarditis virus. ultrastructurally, the majority of the cultured cells were astrocytes containing a moderate amount of glial fibrils. the earliest alterations at 44 hrs after infection of the culture consisted of dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and moderate enlargement of the mitochondria with increased density of their matrix. twenty hours thereafter, incre ...	1975	170775
in vitro translation of natural mrnas in a cell-free system containing components from interferon-treated chicken fibroblasts and factor preparations from mouse ascites cells or rabbit reticulocytes.	the effect of interferon has been studied in a mixed cell-free protein synthesizing system. hemoglobin (hb) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emc)-rna can be efficiently translated in vitro in a system containing s-30 lysates or run-off ribosomes from primary chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) and a postmicrosomal supernatant from mouse ascites cells or a ribosomal-wash preparation from rabbit reticulocytes. ribosomes prepared from cef pretreated with high doses of homologous interferon (500 units/ml) ...	1975	170753
antiviral-anticancer activity of tobacco leaf and the smoke condensate.		1975	170632
wildlife and environmental health: raccoons as indicators of zoonoses and pollutants in southeastern united states.	inasmuch as terrestrial fauna are an integral part of our natural environment and are directly exposed to disease and pollutants, it follows that certain wild populations could serve to detect subtle alterations within ecosystems. a collection of studies on raccoons is presented to stimulate other researchers to develop the potential of our wildlife resources as monitors of environmental health. raccoons have been used as serologic sentinels for st louis encephalitis and venezuelan equine enceph ...	1975	170239
encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection of the femoral vein of newborn mice.	the emc virus was found to infect and injure the femoral veins of newborn mice. emc viral crystals were found in the advential fibroblasts of these veins. in view of the extensive damage observed in the extremely small amount of tissue examined electron microscopically, the extent of the viral phlebitis must have been considerable. the relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of thrombophlebitis in man provokes interesting speculations.	1975	169683
non-random frequencies of short oligonucleotide sequences within poliomyelitis and encephalomyocarditis virus rnas.	in poliomyelitis and encephalomyocarditis virus rnas the relative frequencies of several short oligonucleotide sequences differ substantially from those expected on a random basis. the frequencies of cpgp-containing sequences are low, and the frequency of gpupapgp is considerably lower than that of gpapupgp. the relationship of these findings to those obtained from host cell rnas is descussed.	1975	168559
demyelination and cytopathic effects in cultures of mammalian dorsal root ganglia infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.	replication of encephalomyocarditis virus and its cytopathic effects were studied in myelinated cultures of dorsal root ganglia obtained from newborn mice. six hours after infection virus progeny was detected in the culture. at 24 h the virus titer reached 2 times 10(6) pfu per culture and remained at this level until 48 h. the first cytopathic alterations began at 24 h and consisted of rounding of schwann and satellites cells and their detachment from neurons. later, bead-like swellings of the ...	1975	168407
emc virus and cultured human fetal pancreatic cells. ultrastructural observations.	tissue cultures of pancreatic acinar cells of seven human fetuses were infected with either the m or the e variant of the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. between the third and fifth days after infection, severe ultrastructural damage was noted. margination, condensation, and fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin and the appearance of numerous cytoplasmic vesicles filled with finely granular material were the major changes observed. viral particles were not identified. one hundred plaque-formi ...	1975	167704
the determination of secondary structure in the poly(c) tract of encephalomyocarditis virus rna with sodium bisulphite.	the degree of secondary structure in the poly(c) tract of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna has been investigated using sodium bisulphite, which brings about the hydrolysis of non-base-paired cytidylic acid to uridylic acid in rna. the percentage conversion of c to u in the poly(c) region of native emcv rna was similar to that found in a synthetic polynucleotide lacking secondary structure [poly(c)]. when poly(i) was annealed to either native or denatured emcv rna, it protected the poly(c) t ...	1975	167355
evidence for the existence of protomers in the assembly of encephalomyocarditis virus.	two capsid precursor subunits, which sediment on glycerol gradients at 13s and 14s, respectively, have been identified in cytoplasmic extracts of encephalomyocarditis virus-infected hela cells. the 13s subunit, which was detected after a 10-min pulse label with -3h-labeled amino acids, contained only capsid precursor chain a (mol wt 100,000). when the 10-min pulse label in such cells was chased for 20 min, the a-containing 13s subunit in the cytoplasmic extracts was replaced by a 14s subunit con ...	1975	167183
chromatographic studies on picornavirus capsid polypeptides.	the polypeptides of encephalomyocarditis, mouse-elberfeld and type 5 rhinoviruses behave similarly when chromatographed on calcium phosphate (brushite), each being eluted by a linear phosphate buffer gradient containing sodium dodecyl sulphate in three major peaks, ci, c2 and c3. analysis of the peaks by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that the major capsid polypeptides of these three picornaviruses elute in the order: delta (peak ci), gamma with (peak c2) and alpha (peak c3).	1975	167119
early alteration of poliovirus in infected cells and its specific inhibition.	hela cells infected with radioactive poliovirus type 2 were disrupted with ultrasonic treatment, followed by addition of a non-ionic detergent. two types of virus particles were found to sediment at 80 to 90% the rate of native virus. the first of these appeared to be a complex of native virus particles and membrane components, since treatment with 0-2% sds released infectious native particles. the second was non-infectious and its sedimentation rate was not greatly altered by sds. one hour afte ...	1975	167116
factors in the inactivation of encephalomyocarditis virus in aerosols.	encephalomyocarditis virus in aerosols is inactivated rapidly at relative humidities below 50%. in glycerol-water mixtures a similar decrease of infectivity occurs when the glycerol concentration exceeds 78% (wt/wt), corresponding to a relative humidity of 50%. the decay in aerosols does not involve oxygen or surface-dependent factors. variation of temperature shows the inactivation to be a low-energy process with an activation enthalpy of 15 kcal per mol. the damage could be ascribed to dehydra ...	1975	166928
l-arginine elution of measles virus adsorbed on monkey erythrocytes.	l-arginine (1 m) eluted measles virus adsorbed on monkey erythrocytes without affecting the infectious and hemagglutinating activities of the virus. this phenomenon was also observed for encephalomyocarditis virus and newcastle disease virus.	1975	166920
glucose tolerance and pancreatic ultrastructure in mice with long-term diabetes induced by emc virus (m variant) (38518).	of 27 young male cd-1 mice infected with the m variant of the encephalomycarditis (emc) virus and surviving for 11 or 12 mo, all but three had normal glucose tolerance curves, and all displayed normal islet cell morphology, at the time of sacrifice, in spite of an initital hyperglycemic response. three animals maintained diabetic glucose tolerance curves one year after infection but they, too, failed to show significant morphological alterations in their pancreatic beta cells.	1975	165527
a transfer rna-dependent protein synthesizing system from ehrlich ascites extracts.	an homologous cell-free system from ehrlich ascites cells was made trna dependent by passing both the ribosomes and the ammonium sulfate fraction through deae-cellulose columns in 0.30 m kcl. protein synthesis was routinely stimulated 20-50 fold by the addition of 100 mug/ml of ascites cell trna in the presence of oviduct mrna, ascites mrna, or encephalomyocarditis rna.	1975	164951
[persistence of latex agglutination inhibition antibodies in rabbits following application of poliomyelitis-, coxsackie-, echo- and encephalomyocarditis viruses. brief report].		1975	164163
animal model of human disease: diabetes mellitus (juvenile- and maturity- onset types).		1975	164124
the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease and diabetes mellitus.		1975	164049
identification of a viral protein involved in post-translational maturation of the encephalomyocarditis virus capsid precursor.	translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna in a cell-free system from uninfected krebs ascites cells results in the synthesis of a major polypeptide product with a molecular weight of approximately 112,000. in contrast, when the viral rna is translated in a cell-free system from virus-infected cells, this polypeptide is absent and the largest polypeptide produced has a molecular weight of about 100,000. this latter polypeptide comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels with in vivo virus capsi ...	1975	163926
virus-induced diabetes mellitus. iii. influence of the sex and strain of the host.	nineteen inbred strains of male mice were infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. five strains became hyperglycemic and had abnormal values in glucose tolerance tests; three strains remained normoglycemic but had abnormal values in glucose tolerance tests; and the remaining strains showed no abnormalities in blood glucose levels or glucose tolerance tests. female mice from three of five strains tested also developed hyperglycemia, but in one strain (dba/2) the hyperglycemia was less severe in ...	1975	163872
virus susceptibility of mouse hemopoietic cells in vitro: inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells by newcastle disease virus.	normal mouse bone marrow cells were exposed to encephalomyocarditis virus (emc), reovirus type 3 (reo3), influenza virus (flu), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) then assayed for granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells by the technique of colony formation in agar. exposure to emc, reo3, and flu caused a slight but variable loss of colony-forming potential, whereas exposure to ndv caused a very marked loss. ndv acted directly on the cells, not indirectly through release of colony-inhibiting factor ...	1975	163791
inactivation of viruses and bacteria by ozone, with and without sonication.	selected organisms with public health significance were placed in a reaction chamber for treatment by ozonation, by ozonation and sonication, by sonication, or by sonication during oxygenation. vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, gdvii virus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella typhimurium, enteropathogenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, and shigella flexneri were inactivated by treatment with ozone. when microorganisms were suspended in phosphate-b ...	1975	163616
the sick-sinus syndrome in africans.	fifteen cases of the sick-sinus syndrome in young negroes are presented. the etiology was unknown in all cases; organic heart disease was absent. the very high default rate suggests that the prognosis may be grave. this disorder is by no means uncommon in young persons in tropical countries and the dangers of a mistaken diagnosis of epilepsy or a psychiatric illness have been emphasized. in the absence of an artificial pacemaker, it is suggested that sympathomimetic drugs, while not affecting th ...	1975	163570
testicular atrophy in columbian black-tailed deer in california.	during an 18-year period, 4.1% (34/831) of male deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) killed on a field station during the autumn hunting season had velvet-covered, often misshapen antlers, and at least two deer had testicular atrophy (gonads from most deer were not available for examination). testes from six similarly affected deer and several normal deer were compared histologically. lesions ranged from hypocellularity of the semeniferous tubules and relative hyperplasia or degeneration of in ...	1975	163381
natural occurrence of 2-5a in interferon-treated emc virus-infected l cells.	until now the interferon-mediated 2'-5' adenine oligonucleotide inhibitors (2-5a) of cell-free protein synthesis have not been detected in intact cells. here we report their natural occurrence in interferon-treated, emc virus-infected mouse l cells in amounts consistent with the idea that they play a part in the inhibition of virus growth.	1979	95208
inhibition of activity of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced rna polymerase by antibodies against cellular components.		1979	85364
3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus rna determined by reverse transcriptase and chain-terminating inhibitors.	we have adapted the chain-termination method for determining the nucleotide sequence of dna of sanger, nicklen, and coulson [(1977) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 74, 5463--5467] for use with reverse transcriptase (rna-directed dna nucleotidyltransferase) on rna templates. with this method and using a primer (the octanucleotide pdt7rc) directed at the 3'-terminal poly(a), we have determined a sequence of 166 residues in the genomic rna of the picornavirus encephalomyocarditis virus.	1978	81487
sequence of 129 nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of encephalomyocarditis virus rna.	the sequence of 129 nucleotides next to the poly(a) tail of encephalomyocarditis virus rna has been determined by rapid gel sequencing of cdna synthesized with dna polymerase i or reverse transcriptase and a phasing primer, [5'-32p]p(dt)8dc. the sequence is in accord with (a) the pyrimidine tracts which were mapped in blocks along the cdna, (b) the sequences of seven characteristic t1 rnase oligonucleotides in the rna transcribed from the cdna with rna polymerase, and (c) a limited amount of seq ...	1978	79485
rubella infection and diabetes mellitus.	the incidence of diabetes mellitus was increased in patients with congenital rubella. experimental congenital rubella infection in rabbits caused histological changes in the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets similar to those found in mice made diabetic by the m variant of the encephalomyocarditis virus. it is concluded that the diabetes seen in congenital rubella is due to viral infection of the pancreatic islet cells.	1978	74564
the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus rna.	poly(a)-containing encephalomyocarditis virus rna functions as an excellent template for cdna synthesis in vitro with an rna-dependent dna polymerase in the presence of an oligothymidylate primer. under appropriate conditions, discrete transcripts of increasing chain length were obtained, suitable for sequence analysis. a limited cdna fragment of 36 nucleotides, primer (dt)10 included, was synthesized when dgtp was omitted from the reaction mixture and its primary structure was elucidated using ...	1978	74334
enhancement of antiviral protection against encephalomyocarditis virus by a combination of isoprinosine and interferon.	the antiviral effect of interferon against encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection in mice was enhanced by isoprinosine. however, the enhancement was only obtained when both interferon and the virus were inoculated into the peritoneum; the inoculation route of isoprinosone did not modify significantly the final results. in addition, the time sequence of injections was of great importance; generally the injection of isoprinosine had to precede that of interferon by a few hours.	1977	74245
characterization of the sequence next to the 3-terminal poly-(a) of encephalomyocarditis virus rna [proceedings].		1977	68742
[stimulation by isoprinosine of the antiviral effect of interferon].	with a single dose of interferon, isoprinosine greatly enhances the antiviral protection of mice against the lethal effect of encephalomyocarditis virus (100 ld 50).	1977	66996
[characteristics of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from sick monkeys].	a cytopathic filterable agent designated emc-70 was isolated in 1970 from macaca rhesus monkeys with encephalomyocarditis. its biologic and physico-chemical properties were studied. a number of primary and continuous cell cultures were found to be susceptible to the virus, and it was pathogenic for monkeys and small laboratory animals but did not multiply in chick embryos. the virus was stable to chlorofrom, thermolabile, stable to acids, and agglutinated group o erythrocytes of man, sheep, guin ...	1976	64027
structural features of encephalomyocarditis virus rna from analysis of reverse transcription products.	the presence in encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna of homonucleotide tracts 10 nucleotides or more in length has been investigated by testing the ability of homo-oligodeoxynucleotides to prime dna synthesis in the reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus. neither (dc)10 nor (da)10 promoted incorporation of [3h]deoxynucleotides into acid-insoluble material but (dg)10 and (dt)12-18 were effective primers and produced dna products approximately 2000 nucleotides in length. we conclude ...	1976	62663
use of polyethylene glycol-treated calf serum for cell cultures in virus and interferon studies.	immunoglobulins and lipoproteins can be efficiently removed from calf serum by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (peg) 6000 under sterile conditions. the peg-treated serum is suitable for cell cultures used for virus growth and assays. moreover, peg was found to slow down the growth of l cells and to enhance the production and activity of mouse interferon.	1975	50724
the neuraminidase yield-reduction bioassay of human other interferons.	the production of neuraminidase by the recombinant influenza virus x7(f1) in human monkey, rabbit, hamster, mouse, and chicken cell cultures is inhibited by interferon. described is a new enzyme assay for neuraminidase that can be applied to the bioassay of interferons. the advantages of this interferon bioassay are its sensitivity, reproducibility, rapidity, and convenience.	1975	50598
antiviral effect of 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-acetophenone-[4,5-diphenyl-oxyazolyl-(2)]hydrazone (imet 98/69) in mice.	the potential in vivo antiviral activity of 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-acetophenone-[4,5-diphenyl-oxazolyl-(2)]-hydrazone (imet 98/69) was evaluated on model infections in mice. animals treated subcutaneously (s.c.) with 1 mmole of the drug per kg body weight once daily for five days were significantly protected against a lethal infection with cardioviruses, semliki forest virus and vaccinia virus. in influenza a and b virus models no antiviral activity was observed either after s.c. or oral ...	1979	44666
viral superinfection in cells carrying an arenavirus and/or a togavirus.	four lines of the same l-cell clone were transferred 60 times in parallel: uninfected cells, a line carrying lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), another one carrying tick-borne encephalitis virus (tev) and one carrying both viruses. in double persistency, lcm and tev were suppressed and stimulated, respectively. cell multiplication rates were comparable in all four lines. single lcmv persistence caused marked resistance of l cells to superinfecting viruses from various taxonomic groups, b ...	1978	35946
isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus from the pheasant (phasianus colchicus) in czechoslovakia.	the first isolation of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus from the blood and brain of a pheasant (phasianus colchicus) captured in moravia is reported. complement-fixation (cf) tests with reference antisera revealed no relationship to any of a wide range of known arboviruses.	1978	29473
poly (a) polymerase activity in l cells following encephalomyocarditis virus infection.	poly (a) polymerase activity has been measured in crude cytoplasmic extracts of mouse l cells infected with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. after infection there is first a decrease in enzyme activity followed by an increase which itself precedes detectable virus rna and protein synthesis. the activity of the enzyme then declines before the release of mature virions and cell death take place. the early inhibition of poly (a) polymerase activity is correlated with the virus-induced shut-off of ...	1978	29079
the effect of inhibitors of cellular rna synthesis on stimulation of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus reproduction by poliovirus in hela and mio cells.	inoculation of hela and mio cells with a guanidine-dependent mutant of poliovirus (gd-polio) in the absence of guanidine resulted in stimulation of mouse encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus reproduction. no stimulation was found to occur in the presence of actinomycin d, on pre-treatment of the cells with cordycepin, or on their uv irradiation or enucleation. in contrast to hela cells, the enhancement of emc virus reproduction by gd-polio in mio cells required no current synthesis of cellular rnas: ...	1978	27964
the direct anti-viral activity of single stranded polyribonucleotides. ii. the effect of molecular size and the involvement of cellular receptors.		1977	21398
the direct anti-viral activity of single stranded polyribonucleotides. i. potentiation of activity by mixtures of polymers which do not anneal.		1977	21397
some biological activities of rabbit anti-interferon serum.	after prolonged immunization of rabbits with a semipurified mouse interferon preparation in freund's incomplete or al-span-oil adjuvant, a specific interferon-neutralizing immunoglobulin was obtained from antiserum with a capacity of neutralizing about 49000 mouse interferon units per ml. the specific activity of the antiserum and immunoglobulin was confirmed in tests in which the interaction of antibodies with the cell surface was ruled out. the antiserum (and the immunoglobulin) neutralized bo ...	1976	5864
isolation and properties of the replicase of encephalomyocarditis virus.	the rna-dependent rna polymerase (replicase) of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was found to be closely associated with the smooth membranes of infected bhk-21 cells. an rna-dependent emc replicase was extracted from the membranes with 0.15% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and 1,1,2-trichlorotri-fluoroethane (genetron 113) and further purified by high-salt dextran-polyethylene glycol phase separation, sievorptive chromatography, and glycerol gradient sedimentation. the enzyme does not manifest str ...	1976	5614