Publications

encephalomyocarditis virus can bind to and transfect non-permissive cells.	mouse embryo fibroblasts and mouse adrenal tumor cells support the replication of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus, whereas rat glial and rat hepatoma cells are non-permissive. these differences in susceptibility were not due to the lack of virus attachment to rat cells. the findings that rat cells could be transfected with rna derived from emc virus indicates that the block in viral replication in these cells occurs at some point between attachment and uncoating of virus, probably at the level ...	1986	3010910
coxsackie virus b4 produces transient diabetes in nonhuman primates.	cynomolgus, rhesus, and cebus monkeys failed to show glucose tolerance or insulin secretion abnormalities after infection with encephalomyocarditis virus or coxsackie virus b4. patas monkeys also showed no abnormalities after infection with encephalomyocarditis virus. however, patas monkeys infected with coxsackie virus b4 or treated first with a subdiabetogenic dose of streptozocin and then infected sequentially with coxsackie viruses b4 and b3 showed transient elevation of glucose tolerance te ...	1986	3011574
effects of viral infection on contraction of the diaphragm in mice.	isometric contractile properties of isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparations were used to study the effects of picornavirus infections on diaphragm muscle function. properties of muscles from virus-inoculated and control mice were similar during brief contractions. however, when subjected to a series of fatiguing contractions by indirect or direct stimulation, muscles of mice inoculated with a paralytic variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus showed a greater rate of fatigue and ...	1986	3012575
3-methylquercetin is a potent and selective inhibitor of poliovirus rna synthesis.	3-methylquercetin (3mq) is a natural compound isolated from euphorbia grantii that selectively inhibits poliovirus replication, but has no effect on encephalomyocarditis virus. when the compound is present from the beginning of infection, the bulk of viral protein synthesis is prevented, but the shut-off of host protein synthesis still occurs. addition of 3mq 3 hr after infection has a slight effect on viral protein synthesis, suggesting that this compound blocks a step of viral replication diff ...	1986	3012868
[antiviral agents. 28. aliphatic substituted chlordihexylamino-1,3,5-triazine].	the nucleophilic substitution of one chlorine atom in 2,4-dichloro-6-(dihexylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (1) by primary (2a-b) or secondary (2c) amines leads to the aliphatically substituted chloro-dihexylamino-1,3,5-triazines (3a-c) structures of type 3 may be characterized by the spectroscopic data. in the mass spectra, the complete degradation of the alkyl groupings is striking and manifested in a series of consecutive peaks with differences of 14 between each other. antiviral activity is exhibited ...	1986	3013214
altered pathogenesis in encephalomyocarditis virus (d variant)-infected diabetes-susceptible and resistant strains of mice.	the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d) induces a diabetes mellitus-like disease in male sjl/j mice. other inbred strains, while resistant to the diabetogenic effect, exhibit strikingly different responses to this virus. in these studies, infection of diabetes resistant c3h mice with the d variant produces massive acute pancreatitis with little apparent direct islet cell involvement. this exocrine tropism is not altered when c3h mice with an inherent macrophage defect are infected, ...	1986	3013707
genetically controlled resistance to virus infections of the central nervous system.		1985	3014607
site of attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus on human erythrocytes.	previous studies of the attachment of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus to human erythrocytes concluded that the glycophorins, a family of human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins, act as emc virus receptors. evidence is presented that the major glycophorin species, glycophorin a, is the receptor for emc virus attachment to human erythrocytes. comparison of the structures of glycophorins a and b and sialoglycopeptides released by chymotrypsin and trypsin treatment of erythrocytes confirmed our previo ...	1986	3016341
contrasting features of t-lymphocyte-mediated diabetes in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected balb/cby and balb/ccum mice.	two closely related sublines of the balb/c strain, balb/cby and balb/ccum mice respond differently when inoculated with the diabetogenic m variant of the encephalomyocarditis (emcm) virus. although genetically similar, balb/cby mice develop severe hyperglycemia, whereas balb/ccum animals exhibit only modest alterations in glucose tolerance. virus concentrations in the pancreases of animals of both sublines are equivalent 3 days after inoculation and decrease rapidly to undetectable levels within ...	1986	3017115
reproductive failure in pigs caused by encephalomyocarditis virus.		1986	3017281
[viral infections and diabetic disease].	authors report recent data from medical literature on virus infections effect on diabetogenesis. particularly they examine rubella, mumps, coxsackie, encephalomyocarditis and herpesvirus infections which seem be more active on this process. finally authors analyze the possible biological mechanism of viral diabetogenesis.	1985	3017801
an association between encephalomyocarditis virus infection and reproductive failure in pigs.	an outbreak of reproductive failure, characterised by mummified foetuses and stillbirths, was investigated in an intensive piggery. six foetuses that died towards the end of gestation had multifocal myocardial necrosis and encephalomyocarditis virus was recovered from 4 of these foetuses but not from 6 mummified foetuses. there was also a significant increase in failure of conception or early embryonic deaths in sows mated at the same time as sows which produced affected litters.	1986	3019291
[immunological background of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis: clinical and experimental studies].	immunogenetic mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. viral myocarditis is considered a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. in this study, we examined the major histocompatibility complexes (human leukocyte antigens: hla) by microdroplet cytotoxicity test, lymphocyte subsets by laser flow cytometry, and the activity of lymphocyte blastoformation induced by phytohemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con a) in patients with cardiomyopathies (dcm) and myocarditis ...	1986	3020133
[experimental models of insulin-dependent diabetes].		1986	3020804
emc virus infection in baboons as a model for studies on antiviral substances.	emc virus causes a lethal infection in baboon monkeys within 4-8 days following subcutaneous injection with 10(4)-10(8) pfu of virus. the infection is accompanied by viremia, invasion of heart muscle and of brain. monkeys infected with 10(6) pfu of emc virus were treated with human leukocyte interferon. the interferon was injected intramuscularly first 0, 0.5, 6 and 24 h post-infection, then twice daily with a dose of 3 x 10(6) units for 5 consecutive days. all the monkeys treated with interfero ...	1986	3021054
aggregation of encephalomyocarditis virus induced by radio-iodination.	radio-iodination causes encephalomyocarditis virus to behave aberrantly when examined by affinity chromatography and to sediment rapidly during analysis on sucrose density gradients suggesting that aggregation had taken place. the change in physical properties of the virus occurred whether iodination was carried out with 125i or 131i, with radio-iodine from two different sources, or using two different iodination procedures. the changes were not observed in virus subjected to an iodination proce ...	1986	3021803
antiviral and antitumor effects of a human interferon analog, ifn-alpha con 1, assessed in hamsters.	an analog of human alpha-and beta-interferons (ifn-alpha and -beta) (generally consisting of the most frequently observed amino acid residue at each position in the molecule) has pronounced antiviral and antiproliferative activity in human and hamster cells. intraperitoneal administration of this analog (designated ifn-alpha con 1) to hamsters at 10(6) to 10(8) u/kg resulted in proportional increases in plasma concentrations through 6 h of monitoring. ifn-alpha con 1 at these doses effectively l ...	1986	3021874
encephalomyocarditis virus 3c protease: efficient cell-free expression from clones which link viral 5' noncoding sequences to the p3 region.	all picornaviral peptides are derived by progressive posttranslational cleavage of a giant precursor polyprotein. translation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) rna in rabbit reticulocyte extracts produces active viral peptides, including protease 3c, which is responsible for many cleavage reactions within the processing cascade. dna plasmids containing 5' noncoding sequences of emc linked to other portions of the viral genome were constructed and transcribed into rna. like virion rna, the clon ...	1986	3021972
antiviral effects of recombinant tumour necrosis factor in vitro.	tumour necrosis factor (tnf) was first described as a factor in the serum of mice injected with tubercle bacilli (bcg) and several days later with lipopolysaccharide (lps). the gene encoding tnf has recently been cloned and pure recombinant human tnf is now available. tnf is known for its in vivo antitumour effect and in vitro cytotoxicity on certain transformed cell lines. similarities in amino acid sequence and biological activity to lymphotoxin and cachectin have been reported, and very recen ...	1986	3022155
theiler's virus genome is closely related to that of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus.	theiler's virus causes a persistent demyelinating infection of the mouse central nervous system. our study of the molecular mechanism of persistence led us to sequence 1925 nucleotides located at the 3' end of the viral genome. we observed extensive homologies between this region and the corresponding region of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus, and only some homologies with the 3' ends of foot-and-mouth disease virus, rhinovirus, and poliovirus genomes.	1986	3023668
animal model of silent myocarditis in athymic mice.	to clarify the role of the immune system in the development of myocarditis, balb/c-nu/nu mice (group 1), balb/c-nu/+ mice (group 2), balb/c-nu/nu mice injected with 5 x 10(7) spleen cells from balb/c-nu/+ mice (group 3), and balb/c-nu/nu mice injected with 5 x 10(7) spleen cells from balb/c-nu/+ mice treated with rat anti-thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody with complement (group 4) were inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus. there were no significant differences in the incidence of myocarditis amo ...	1986	3024835
tissue residues, pathology and viral-induced mortality in mice chronically exposed to different cadmium salts.	male swiss webster mice were exposed to one of three different cadmium salts (sulfate, acetate and chloride) in the drinking water for 10 weeks and then inoculated with a 14-day ld75 or ld35 dilution of encephalomyocarditis virus. the incidence of viral-induced mortality was lower in 17 of the 18 cadmium-treated groups of mice as compared to controls. cadmium tissue residues and histopathologic lesions were essentially similar at comparable doses in all groups of mice regardless of the form of c ...	1986	3025408
encephalomyocarditis virus disease of pigs associated with a plague of rodents.	an epizootic of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) disease in pigs in the central west of new south wales in association with a plague of mice (mus musculus) in 1984 is described. the disease was confirmed in 47 outbreaks in 37 piggeries and 1152 pigs died, representing an overall death rate of 17.4% in pigs considered at risk. the disease was diagnosed in both intensively housed pigs and pigs farmed outdoors, with mortality rates higher in piggeries with less than 50 sows. the age at which pigs ...	1986	3026301
specific antiviral activity of a poly(l-lysine)-conjugated oligodeoxyribonucleotide sequence complementary to vesicular stomatitis virus n protein mrna initiation site.	antisense oligonucleotides represent an interesting tool for selective inhibition of gene expression, but their efficient introduction within intact cells proved to be difficult to realize. as a step toward this goal, small (13- or 15-mer) synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides have been coupled at their 3' ends to epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues of poly(l-lysine) (mr, 14,000). a 15-mer oligonucleotide-poly(l-lysine) conjugate complementary to the initiation region of vesicular stomatitis v ...	1987	3027696
re: concept of virus as an etiological agent in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.		1986	3028741
the in vivo cardiotoxic effect of eosinophilic cationic protein in an animal preparation.	we studied the in vivo effects of eosinophilic cationic protein (ecp) on dba/2 mice, and compared the cardiac lesions caused by ecp with those caused by encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. ecp caused myocarditis in two of five mice (40%), and emc virus did so in five of five mice (100%). cardiac lesions of ecp were mild and limited to the right ventricular wall, which differed from those in the mice with emc virus inoculation, where both the right and left ventricles were involved. this experiment ...	1986	3029448
[current status of the study of myocarditis and endomyocardial biopsy].		1986	3030243
encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced diabetes mellitus prevented by corynebacterium parvum in mice.	corynebacterium parvum prevented the development of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice, when it was given 3-14 days before the virus infection. this treatment inhibited virus replication in the pancreas of the infected mice at an early stage of the infection.	1987	3032672
effect of reduced endocytosis induced by hypotonic shock and potassium depletion on the infection of hep 2 cells by picornaviruses.	potassium depletion after a brief exposure of the cells to hypotonic medium was used to inhibit endocytosis from coated pits in hep 2 cells. after such treatment the endocytic uptake of transferrin was arrested, and electron microscopy revealed that virtually no coated pits were present at the cell surface, while smooth (uncoated) pits were abundant. under the same conditions the cells were strongly protected against poliovirus, while the cytopathogenic effect of human rhinovirus type 2, hrv 2, ...	1987	3032992
analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the picornavirus theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus indicates that it is closely related to cardioviruses.	theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice which constitute a separate serological group within the picornavirus family. persistent tmev infection in mice provides a relevant experimental animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. to provide information about the tmev classification, genome organization, and protein processing map, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the tmev genome and deduced the a ...	1987	3033278
effects of cdna hybridization on translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna.	cell-free translation of the rna of encephalomyocarditis virus was examined after hybridization of chemically synthesized cdna fragments to different sites of the 5' noncoding region of the viral rna. the following results were obtained. the binding of cdna fragments to the first 41 nucleotides, to the poly(c) tract (between nucleotides 149 and 263), and to the sequence between nucleotides 309 and 338 did not affect translation of the viral rna; the binding of cdna fragments to the sequence betw ...	1987	3033330
relationship of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses to the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses.	sequence analysis of vp1 in the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) showed that 13 of the first 23 n-terminal amino acids were identical to those in the corresponding protein of encephalomyocarditis virus. there was little similarity to the corresponding vp1 sequences of poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, coxsackievirus b3, human rhinoviruses 2 and 14, human hepatitis a virus or foot-and-mouth disease virus. these results, as well as serological relationships detected by imm ...	1986	3034822
prevention of viral myocarditis with recombinant human leukocyte interferon alpha a/d in a murine model.	effects of recombinant human leukocyte interferon alpha a/d on experimental myocarditis due to encephalomyocarditis virus were investigated. plaque reduction assays revealed that 50% of plaque formation in vitro in human amnion (fl) cells was inhibited by interferon alpha a/d (9.7 u/ml) when it was administered 24 hours before infection with the encephalomyocarditis virus. four week old male dba/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 plaque-forming units (pfu) of encephalomyocarditis v ...	1987	3034992
the antiviral activity of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha.		1987	3035033
viral and host genetic factors influence encephalomyocarditis virus-induced polymyositis in adult mice.	recent research findings implicate picornaviruses in the etiology of human polymyositis/dermatomyositis and suggest that genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to these diseases. we compared 2 variants of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus for their ability to induce polymyositis in adult mice, and evaluated what role the genetic background of the host plays in the degree of myositis induced. while balb/c mice developed minimal myositis when infected with a diabetogenic variant (emc-d), the ...	1987	3036171
analysis of the bond between encephalomyocarditis virus and its human erythrocyte receptor by affinity chromatography on virus-sepharose columns.	affinity chromatography was used to analyse the bond between encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and glycophorin, the receptor for emc virus on human erythrocytes. between 60 and 80% of glycophorin added to virus-sepharose columns was retained compared with 10 to 20% retention on glycine-sepharose columns. elution with 0.2 m-nacl released about 80 to 90% of the retained glycophorin from virus-sepharose columns but little from glycine-sepharose. glycophorin remaining on either the virus or glycine c ...	1987	3037009
the genomic rna of diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus: characterization and molecular cloning.	the rna of a diabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus (d variant, ifp- phenotype) and a nondiabetogenic variant of emc virus (b variant, ifp+ phenotype) which were derived from the same virus stock (m strain) have been compared. the size of both genomes is estimated at 7.7 kb. the poly(c) tract of emc-d is estimated at 144 bases, whereas that of emc-b is 141 bases in length. the untranslated 5' terminal 103 nucleotides are identical for b and d with preservation of a stable termi ...	1987	3037773
poliovirus proteinase 2a induces cleavage of eucaryotic initiation factor 4f polypeptide p220.	poliovirus infection of hela cells induces rapid shutoff of host protein synthesis, whereas translation of poliovirus rna is not inhibited. it is presumed that shutoff is the result of proteolytic cleavage of component p220 of eucaryotic initiation factor 4f. to study whether poliovirus proteinase 2a is involved in this cleavage, we translated synthetic rnas that contained the coding region for poliovirus-specific polypeptides p1 and 2a in vitro and assayed for cleavage of p220. we report here t ...	1987	3039165
dexamethasone inhibits feedback regulation of the mitogenic activity of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and epidermal growth factor in human fibroblasts.	tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1 (il-1), and epidermal growth factor (egf) were mitogenic for human diploid fs-4 fibroblasts. dexamethasone amplified the growth-stimulating action of all three agents. amplification of the growth-stimulating action was maximal when dexamethasone was added along with tnf or egf; no amplification was seen if the addition of dexamethasone was delayed for more than 3 hr. prolonged simultaneous treatment with tnf and egf resulted in less growth stimulation t ...	1987	3040777
approaches to prevention and treatment of iddm in animal models.	animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) provide a uniquely valuable tool for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. to the extent that they represent the human disease, they permit innovative approaches to its study. four animal models--the bb rat, the nonobese diabetic mouse, the streptozocin-induced diabetic mouse, and the encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mouse--are reviewed. the salient characteristics of each model and the various techniques and immunotherapeu ...	1988	3069388
murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: resistance correlates with the capacity to generate interferon-gamma in response to leishmania antigens in vitro.	the kinetics of cell-mediated immunity developed during the course of leishmania major infection in resistant (c57bl/6) and susceptible (balb/c) mice were determined by using in vitro bioassays. cells isolated from the lymph nodes draining the infected footpads were assayed for their proliferative responses to leishmania antigens (promastigote and amastigote) or to concanavalin a (con a). although lymph node cells (lnc) from both mouse strains proliferated to mitogen and antigen early after infe ...	1986	3079789
expression of interferon-inducible genes in rd-114 cells.	rd-114 is a cell line which is partially responsive to interferon (ifn). although both ifn-alpha and ifn gamma inhibit production of the resident retrovirus, they do not inhibit replication of other viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus, in these cells. in the studies reported here, we studied the characteristics of induction of seven ifn-inducible mrnas in rd-114 cells. we observed that mrnas 561, 6-16, 1-8, 2a, and 6-26 have similar induction characteristic ...	1987	3106649
the antichlamydial, antiviral, and antiproliferative activities of human gamma interferon are dependent on the integrity of the c terminus of the interferon molecule.	the effects of recombinant human gamma interferon (rhuifn-gamma; two identical monomers of 140 residues in length) and of two re-engineered c-terminal variants, rhuifn-gamma tetra-ser (residues 129 to 132 replaced by serine) and rhuifn-gamma 125 (two identical monomers of 125 residues each with the last 14 residues plus an additional alanine from the c terminus deleted), were compared in terms of several in vitro biological activities. by using three different human cell lines (hela 229, hep-2, ...	1987	3117689
recombinant interferons alpha and gamma: comparative antiviral activity and synergistic interaction in encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice.	the antiviral properties of 2 recombinant dna-produced interferons, a human hybrid interferon alpha that is active in mice and a murine interferon gamma, were examined in the treatment of mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. a single dose of interferon alpha induced a protective state in mice more rapidly than did interferon gamma, but the activity of the latter was more long lasting. when interferon and virus were administered 6 h apart, either intraperitoneally or intravenously, inte ...	1987	3128162
inhibition of the differentiation of 3t3-l1 cells by interferon-beta and difluoromethyl ornithine.	both mouse interferon-beta (muifn-beta) and the inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (odc), alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (dfmo), inhibited the differentiation of mouse 3t3-l1 fibroblasts into adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. dfmo and muifn-beta added together to cultures that were induced to differentiate produced an additive anti-differentiation effect. in contrast to this additive cellular effect, dfmo reduced the antiviral activity of muifn-beta in both undifferentiated and differenti ...	1988	3140600
inhibition of the differentiation of 3t3-l1 cells by interferon-beta and difluoromethyl ornithine.	both mouse interferon-beta (muifn-beta) and the inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (odc), alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (dfmo), inhibited the differentiation of mouse 3t3-l1 fibroblasts into adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. dfmo and muifn-beta added together to cultures that were induced to differentiate produced an additive anti-differentiation effect. in contrast to this additive cellular effect, dfmo reduced the antiviral activity of muifn-beta in both undifferentiated and differenti ...	1988	3142219
increased pulmonary gamma interferon production in asbestosis.	in order to determine if disordered cellular immune processes are present in the lungs of persons with asbestosis, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) on 26 patients with either crocidolite- or chrysotile-induced pulmonary asbestosis and measured the spontaneous release of gamma interferon (ifn gamma), a marker of increased cellular immune activity. for comparison, 18 control subjects and 7 patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis were also studied. recovered bal cells were cultured for ...	1988	3143284
the thymus-dependent immune system in the pathogenesis of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. animal model and human studies.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the thymus-dependent immune system in the disease mechanisms underlying type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. both animal experiments and human studies were carried out. firstly, a brief historical review is given of the scientific progress within the aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus during the last few decades. mention is made summarily of some elements of the thymus-dependent immune system, and the athy ...	1985	3160550
effects of environmental factors on the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is thought to be dependent on either the autoimmunity or the interaction of environmental agents with the pancreatic beta cells, or both in a genetically susceptible host. as environmental factors affecting the induction of type i diabetes, diabetogenic chemicals and viruses are likely candidates as primary injurious agents for pancreatic beta cells in man and animal. a number of structurally diverse chemicals including alloxan, streptozotoc ...	1987	3315367
role of the pineal gland in immunity. iii. melatonin antagonizes the immunosuppressive effect of acute stress via an opiatergic mechanism.	we have recently demonstrated that the pineal neurohormone melatonin exerts important immunoregulatory functions. we now report that exogenous melatonin counteracts completely the effect of acute anxiety-restraint stress on thymus weight and antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbc). in addition, administration of melatonin in the evening prevented paralysis and death of mice infected with sublethal doses of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) after acute stress. the anti-stress activity o ...	1988	3350581
poly(riboadenylic acid) preferentially inhibits in vitro translation of cellular mrnas compared with vaccinia virus mrnas: possible role in vaccinia virus cytopathology.	vaccinia virus-induced inhibition of host protein synthesis seems to be mediated by viral transcripts based on their differential inhibition of cellular mrna translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. in this study, we demonstrated that the removal of poly(riboadenylic acid) [poly(a)] from the in vitro viral transcripts abolished this inhibition in the same cell-free system. this observation led us to the finding that less than 1 microm poly(a) completely inhibited hela cell mrna transl ...	1986	3456588
molecular cloning and sequence determination of the genomic regions encoding protease and genome-linked protein of three picornaviruses.	to investigate the degree of similarity between picornavirus proteases, we cloned the genomic cdnas of an enterovirus, echovirus 9 (strain barty), and two rhinoviruses, serotypes 1a and 14lp, and determined the nucleotide sequence of the region which, by analogy to poliovirus, encodes the protease. the nucleotide sequence of the region encoding the genome-linked protein vpg, immediately adjacent to the protease, was also determined. comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with ...	1986	3512851
encephalomyocarditis virus infection in african green and squirrel monkeys: comparison of pathologic effects.	this study compared the pathological effects of experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). african green monkeys died within 5 days post-inoculation and significant changes were limited to moderate to severe multifocal nonsuppurative necrotizing myocarditis. squirrel monkeys were less severely affected and died or were euthanized 4 to 41 days post-inoculation. myocardial and central nervous system c ...	1987	3695400
therapy with cyclosporine in experimental murine myocarditis with encephalomyocarditis virus.	to explain the progression from infectious viral myocarditis to congestive cardiomyopathy an infection/immune hypothesis has been proposed stating that the primary viral process incites an excessive or disordered immunologic response against the myocardium. to test whether one form of immunosuppressive therapy might ameliorate this process, we used cyclosporine in a murine preparation of infectious myocarditis (encephalomyocarditis [emc] virus), which has been shown to result in a congestive car ...	1986	3698228
mural thrombus in experimental viral myocarditis in mice: relation between thrombosis and congestive heart failure.	in a study of the time of appearance of mural thrombus and the relation between thrombosis and congestive heart failure in acute viral myocarditis 180 balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the m variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. thirty mice were killed on day 5 and 50 mice each on days 7, 10, and 14. of the 176 mice with myocarditis, 25 (14.2%) developed congestive heart failure after day 9 and 22 (12.5%) showed thrombi after day 6. most of the thrombi were at the sites of endo ...	1986	3791356
exacerbation of the pathogenesis of the diabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis virus in mice by interferon.	adult male icr swiss mice develop insulin-dependent diabetes when infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d). in contrast, adult c57bl/6 males are relatively resistant to the diabetogenic effects of this virus. we have been studying the role of interferon (ifn) in the pathogenesis of infection by emc-d and development of virus-induced murine diabetes mellitus. the data show that when ifn beta or ifn gamma were administered four days after virus infection, the frequency and ...	1985	3886808
entry mechanisms of protein toxins and picornaviruses.	the mode of entry into cells of a number of protein toxins with intracellular sites of action and of three picornaviruses is discussed. of the different toxins in this group, diphtheria toxin has been most thoroughly studied with respect to its uptake mechanism. this toxin binds to cell surface receptors which are possibly part of the major anion-transport system in the cells. the bound toxin is then endocytosed and, when the ph drops below ph 5, a normally hidden hydrophobic domain is exposed a ...	1985	3915869
ventricular collagen matrix and alterations.	there is a complex extracellular structural matrix in the heart. this matrix appears to be composed of a variety of fibrils and fibers extending from the cell surface to the basal lamina and from the basal lamina to the matrix. the extensions into the extracellular region interconnect with a system of collagen bundles. the latter are so located that they would tether the myocytes to each other as well as tether the capillaries to the myocetes. there is an extensive weave of collagen analogous to ...	1985	3969516
interferon-induced inhibition of chlamydia trachomatis: dissociation from antiviral and antiproliferative effects.	the yield of infectious chlamydia trachomatis was analyzed in human (hela) and mouse (mccoy) cell lines treated with the human interferon (ifn) subtypes ifn-alpha a and ifn-alpha d, with their hybrids [ifn-alpha ad (bglii), ifn-alpha ad (pvuii), and ifn-alpha da (bglii)] constructed in vitro from their expression plasmids, or with ifn-beta 1 or buffy coat ifn. in hela cells, a significant inhibition of chlamydia infectivity was obtained with ifn-alpha d, ifn-alpha da (bglii), and buffy coat ifn. ...	1985	3972450
independent regulation of ppp(a2'p)na-dependent rnase in nih 3t3, clone 1 cells by growth arrest and interferon treatment.	the regulation of ppp(a2'p)na-(2-5a)-dependent rnase (rnase l or rnase f) was investigated in nih 3t3, clone 1 cells using 2-5a-binding and nuclease activity assays. minimal levels of 2-5a-dependent rnase were detected in actively dividing clone 1 cells; these levels were independently induced by growth arrest or interferon treatment. accordingly, levels of the rnase were enhanced during growth arrest by confluency regardless of the presence or absence of interferon or antibody to interferon in ...	1985	4019482
preliminary characterization of a serum viral inhibitor in goats.	a serum viral inhibitor (svi) was isolated from goats and partially characterized. the inhibitor prevented the cytopathic effects of vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and a caprine herpesvirus, indicating broad antiviral activity. the svi was distinct from interferon because svi did not induce an antiviral state in cells (ie, lack of protection of svi-treated cells from virus challenge). the svi had activity on heterologous cells, including human, bovine, and ovine cells. t ...	1985	4073646
cellular changes attending mengovirus-induced cytolysis of mouse l-cells.		1971	4108194
[replication of viral rna].		1971	4116476
stimulation of restricted reproduction of emc virus in hela cells by non-replicating poliovirus.		1973	4119353
neutralization of infectious me (maus-elberfeld) virus-antibody complexes by anti-gamma-globulin antibody.		1973	4129412
insecticide and viral interaction as a cause of fatty visceral changes and encephalopathy in the mouse.		1974	4134409
[study of the interaction of the replicative form of the rna of the encephalomyocarditis virus with actinomycin].		1974	4140617
viral encephalitis.		1973	4144386
interferon tolerance and antiviral protection in mice given single or multiple injections of endotoxin or poly i : c.		1973	4147139
interferon induction by detoxicated bacterial endotoxins.		1973	4150031
changes in isoelectric points of chromatin deoxyribonucleoproteins from krebs ii cells after infection with encephalomyocarditis virus.		1973	4150035
reversible inhibition of interferon synthesis by puromycin: evidence for an interferon-specific messenger rna.		1965	4160614
properties of a virus-induced rna polymerase in ascites cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.		1966	4161759
inhibition of rna synthesis in hela and l cells by mengovirus.		1967	4163399
mengovirus replication in novikoff rat hepatoma and mouse l cells: effects on synthesis of host-cell macromolecules and virus-specific synthesis of ribonucleic acid.	novikoff cells (strain n1s1-67) and l-67 cells, a nutritional mutant of the common strain of mouse l cells which grows in the same medium as n1s1-67 cells, were infected with mengovirus under identical experimental conditions. the synthesis of host-cell ribonucleic acid (rna) by either type of cell was not affected quantitatively or qualitatively until about 2 hr after infection, when viral rna synthesis rapidly displaced the synthesis of cellular rna. the rate of synthesis of protein by both ty ...	1968	4176992
study of temperature-dependent inhibition of reproduction of some picornaviruses by aurantine and mitomycin.		1968	4179411
a persistent and inapparent infection of l cells with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis.		1969	4186351
delay of mengovirus-induced cytopathology in mitotic l-cells.	the time course and extent of mengovirus production were the same in metaphase-arrested and interphase l-cells, yet the expression of cytopathology was delayed several hours in metaphase cells.	1970	4194170
mengovirus replication. 3. virus reproduction in chinese hamster ovary cells.		1965	4283990
mengovirus replication. iv. inhibition of chinese hamster ovary cell division as a result of infection with mengovirus.		1965	4283992
effect of aminonucleoside (of puromycin) on normal and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-infected l cells.		1965	4283995
extraction and assay of infectious ribonucleic acid from l cells infected with murine encephalomyocarditis virus.		1965	4284169
the pathogenicity of mice of three variants of mengo encephalomyelitis virus.		1965	4284234
the effect of mengovirus infection on the activity of the dna-dependent rna polymerase of l-cells. ii. preliminary data on the inhibitory factor.		1964	4284277
anti-viral activity of two antibiotics isolated from a species of streptomyces.		1965	4284424
evidence for the exponential reproduction of the genome of encephalomyocarditis virus.		1965	4284657
rapid titration of viral hemagglutinins and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies with the aid of a fragiligraph.		1965	4284691
[variations of the minimum mortal dose and lethal dose 50 of "columbia sk" (new haven) poliomyelitis virus in the rat during the 12 months of the year and the 4 seasons].		1965	4284895
infection of tumor cells by extraneous viruses. 3. viral infection of tumors in homologous and heterologous hosts.		1965	4285080
a heat-sensitive cellular function required for the replication of dna viruses but not rna viruses.		1965	4285102
response of tumorigenic viruses and of cells to biologically active compounds. i. methods for determining response and application of methods.		1965	4285290
nucleic acid-induced resistance to viral infection.	takano, kouichi (chas. pfizer & co., inc., terre haute, ind.), joel warren, keith e. jensen, and alan l. neal. nucleic acid resistance to viral infection. j. bacteriol. 90:1542-1547. 1965.-administration of nonviral nucleic acids to mice increased their resistance to a subsequent infection with influenza or encephalomyocarditis viruses. injection of ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid by peripheral routes did not modify susceptibility to intranasal infection. lung tissue extracts from anim ...	1965	4285332
investigations on interferon induced by statolon.		1965	4285373
effect of cortisone on activation of lysosomal enzymes resulting from mengovirus infection of l-929 cells.		1966	4285387
antiviral activity of ammonium picrate in mice.		1966	4285507
inhibition of mengo virus by interferon.	gauntt, charles j. (the university of texas, austin), and royce z. lockart, jr. inhibition of mengo virus by interferon. j. bacteriol. 91:176-182. 1966.-the inhibition of mengo virus replication in l cells resulting from interferon was studied quantitatively. interferon was titrated on l cells with western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus as the challenge virus. one protective unit (pu) of interferon is the least amount of interferon which prevents cytopathic effects when a large multiplicit ...	1966	4285530
role of interferon during viremia. i. production of circulating interferon.		1966	4285558
role of interferon during viremia. ii. protective action of circulating interferon.		1966	4285559
the effect of polyanions and polycations on mengo virus--l cell interaction.		1965	4285585
antiviral activity of some pteridines in animals.		1965	4285590