Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| improved vectors for stable expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells by use of the untranslated leader sequence from emc virus. | dicistronic mrna expression vectors efficiently translate a 5' open reading frame (orf) and contain a selectable marker within the 3' end which is inefficiently translated. in these vectors, the efficiency of translation of the selectable 3' orf is reduced approximately 100-fold and is highly dependent on the particular sequences inserted into the 5' cloning site. upon selection for expression of the selection marker gene product, deletions within the 5' orf occur to yield more efficient transla ... | 1991 | 1653417 |
| combination therapy of ok432 and recombinant human interferon alpha a/d on viral myocarditis in mice starting after infection. | we investigated the effects of ok432, recombinant human interferon alpha a/d (rifn alpha a/d) and a combination of these drugs on murine acute myocarditis due to encephalomyocarditis virus. mice were administered 1 ke of ok432 and 10(4)u/g of rifn alpha a/d starting 24 hr after viral inoculation for 14 days. the survival rate of mice having the combination therapy was significantly higher than that of untreated mice on day 21 (15 of 20 vs. 6 of 20, p less than .001), whereas the viral titer in t ... | 1991 | 1653836 |
| primary amines enhance the antiviral activity of interferon against a membrane virus: role of intracellular ph. | inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) replication in lb cells by interferon (ifn) resembles the action of ifn on some retroviruses, in that the incorporation of glycoprotein into virions is defective. primary amines added between 1 and 2 h post-infection significantly enhanced (five- to 1000-fold) the antiviral activity of ifn against vsv, but no enhancement of the antiviral activity of ifn against encephalomyocarditis virus, a virus with no membrane component, by primary amines was see ... | 1991 | 1654374 |
| an internal ribosome binding site can be used to select for homologous recombinants at an immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. | the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) leader sequence is responsible for efficient, cap-independent translation initiation from the viral rna. it has been used to increase the expression of internal coding regions on polycistronic mrna encoded by recombinant dna constructs. we have designed a sequence-replacement-type vector for targeting to immunoglobulin heavy-chain loci in hybridoma cells. homologous recombination of this vector introduces a human gamma 1 constant-region sequence linked to th ... | 1991 | 1654552 |
| immunomodulating therapy in viral myocarditis: effects of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 2 and anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody in an animal model. | 1991 | 1655449 | |
| the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna: secondary structure and elements required for translation in vitro. | although the lengthy 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) of other picornaviral rnas form highly ordered structures with important functions in viral translation, little is known about the 5'ntr of hepatitis a virus (hav). we determined the nearly complete 5'ntr nucleotide sequences of two genetically divergent hav strains (pa21 and cf53) and included these data in a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the hav 5'ntr. we identified covariant nucleotide substitutions predictive of conserved secondar ... | 1991 | 1656072 |
| translation of poliovirus rna: role of an essential cis-acting oligopyrimidine element within the 5' nontranslated region and involvement of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein. | translation of poliovirus rna is initiated by cap-independent internal entry of ribosomes into the 5' nontranslated region. this process is dependent on elements within the 5' nontranslated region (the internal ribosomal entry site) and may involve novel translation factors. systematic mutation of a conserved oligopyrimidine tract has revealed a cis-acting element that is essential for translation in vitro. the function of this element is related to its position relative to other cis-acting doma ... | 1991 | 1656091 |
| [encephalomyocarditis syndrome]. | from 28 autopsy-cases with emc, among them 10 with an age from 7 days to 16 years, had been none diagnosed clinically before. typically we found an interstitial myocarditis and perivenous encephalitis with a preferred participation of the brain stem. central failure was dominating cause of death. there were only 5 cases (3 adults) with meningitis. myelitis was not found. former cardiac, less often cerebral lesions are likely risks for the lethal event. | 1991 | 1656372 |
| rna--protein interactions within the internal translation initiation region of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | various derivatives of the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna have been used to analyze by uv-cross-linking its interaction with mrna binding proteins from ascites carcinoma krebs-2 cells. a doublet of proteins with mr 58 and 60 kd bound to two regions of the ires. one site is centered at nt 420-421 of emcv rna whereas the other is located between nt 315-377. both sites form hairpin structures, the loops of which contain ucuuu motif, conserved among car ... | 1991 | 1656384 |
| the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site allows efficient coexpression of two genes from a recombinant provirus in cultured cells and in embryos. | rous sarcoma virus-based retroviral vectors were constructed to compare three different approaches for coexpressing two genes in individual infected cells. all vectors expressed the upstream gene (lacz) from the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat, while the downstream gene (the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene [cat] or v-src) was expressed in one of three ways: from a subgenomic mrna generated by regulated splicing, from a strong internal promoter, or from the encephalomyocarditis vir ... | 1991 | 1658618 |
| differences in the two-dimension-gel electrophoresis protein patterns of the lethal k and benign b variants of encephalomyocarditis virus. | variants of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) are indistinguishable by hyperimmune serum. in spite of their antigenic similarity, they produce different disease syndromes in susceptible strains of mice. to understand the basis for the diversity in pathogenicity, studies have been initiated to characterize each of the virus variants. in this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the proteins produced by the benign emcv-b with those produced by lethal emcv-k. the data show ... | 1991 | 1658807 |
| enhancement of the vaccinia virus/phage t7 rna polymerase expression system using encephalomyocarditis virus 5'-untranslated region sequences. | a recombinant vaccinia virus producing the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase was used to express foreign genes in eukaryotic cells. translation efficiency in this expression system was enhanced significantly by employing the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) 5'-untranslated region (utr) which confers cap-independent translation by directing internal initiation of translation. the enhancement was accomplished by fusing open reading frames (orfs) to the n terminus of the emcv polyprotein coding regi ... | 1991 | 1660838 |
| pathogenesis of myocardial injury in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. | the pathogenesis of myocardial cell injury in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy was investigated. the presence of viral genomes in the murine heart in experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis was studied by northern blotting analysis using a 32p-labeled cdna probe from the 5' end sequence. the strongest signal of positive autoradiograms was always at about 7.4 kilobases, corresponding to the size of the complete genome of the virus. successive infections with coxsackievirus and encephalomyocardit ... | 1991 | 1660942 |
| a new model for the investigation of pancreatic hepatocytes. | 1991 | 1661178 | |
| direct involvement of macrophages in destruction of beta-cells leading to development of diabetes in virus-infected mice. | a single administration of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), type 1 carrageenan (car), or silica 7, 2, and 2 days, respectively, before infection with a low dose (1 x 10(2) plaque-forming units/mouse) of encephalomyocarditis d (emc-d) virus resulted in a significant increase in the incidence of diabetes in sjl/j mice (100%) compared with untreated emc-d virus-infected mice (40%). peritoneal macrophages were isolated from uninfected sjl/j mice, which had been treated once with silica, and transfe ... | 1991 | 1661690 |
| outbreaks in quebec pig farms of respiratory and reproductive problems associated with encephalomyocarditis virus. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) was isolated from tissues of aborted fetuses and weaned and suckling piglets from 4 different pig farms in quebec. the farms were experiencing reproductive failure in sows of different parities concomitant to respiratory problems in suckling and postweaning piglets. at necropsy, gross lesions were confined to the lung and consisted of pulmonary congestion and edema of various degrees. lesions of multifocal interstitial to proliferative pneumonia were found in th ... | 1991 | 1662074 |
| evaluation of serologic methods for the detection of antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus in swine fetal thoracic fluids. | hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) tests were compared to the serum neutralization (sn) test to evaluate their ability to detect antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). swine fetal thoracic fluids of known emcv sn antibody titers (200 samples greater than or equal to 1:2, 100 samples less than 1:2) were selected from a collection of field cases. the thoracic fluids were tested for emcv antibodies by hi and agid, and the results were compared to those of ... | 1991 | 1662075 |
| carboxy-terminal truncated rhuifn-gamma with a substitution of gln133 or ser132 to leucine leads to higher biological activity than in the wild type. | the biological function of the 20 c-terminal amino acids of human interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) was examined by recombinant dna methodology. six truncated ifn-gamma analogues were produced by modification of the 3' end of the coding sequence of the cloned gene, insertion into a vector with the trc promoter and expression of the recombinant ifn-gamma analogue genes in escherichia coli strain jm 105. the ifn-gamma analogue proteins were shortened by 10 (c-10l), 11 (c-11, c-11l), 14 (c-14l), 19 (c-1 ... | 1991 | 1662603 |
| high-efficiency protein synthesis from t7 rna polymerase transcripts in 3t3 fibroblasts. | after nih3t3 cells constitutively expressing t7 rna polymerase were transfected (+ ca.phosphate) with a circular dna containing the firefly luciferase(luc)-encoding gene (luc) 3' to the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus 5'-untranslated sequence and t7 promoter, luc protein comprising approx. 20% of total cellular protein was obtained. after similar transfection of an analogous construct containing the lacz gene into the same cell line, at least 50% of the cells produced beta-galactosidase. fibrob ... | 1991 | 1662654 |
| characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from aborted swine fetuses. | characteristics of 2 encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) isolates (mn-25 and mn-30) recovered from aborted swine fetuses were examined along with 2 other swine isolates (nvsl-mdv and nvsl-pr) and a reference atcc strain (vr-129). all 5 emcv isolates were found to be serologically related by cross testing, using serum neutralization and fluorescent antibody assays. hemagglutination (ha) properties of the 5 isolates were compared, using 5 diluents. the mn-25 and nvsl-mdv strains had ha activity with ... | 1991 | 1662921 |
| encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced orchitis in syrian hamsters. | testes of 8-week-old male syrian hamsters which were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) plaque-forming units of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) were examined virologically and histologically. viral replication was detected from 1 day post inoculation (1 dpi), became more prominent 3 dpi, and was no longer demonstrated 7 dpi. the weight of testis decreased in course of time and it was about 2% of that of control 6 weeks post inoculation (6 wpi). histopathologically, degen ... | 1991 | 1662983 |
| lesions in the central nervous system of dba/2 mice infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d). | the central nervous system (cns) of dba/2 mice inoculated i.p. with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) (10(3) pfu/head) was examined up to 28 days postinoculation (28 dpi). the virus titer of cns reached a maximum level at 4 dpi, and infectious viruses became undetectable by 28 dpi. histopathologically, degeneration of neurons with virus antigens was observed in st. pyramidale hippocampi, nuc. amigdaloideus corticalis and st. granulosum cerebelli of the brain and in cornu ventra ... | 1991 | 1665080 |
| [dilated cardiomyopathy]. | 1991 | 1665925 | |
| cardiac and pancreatic lesions in guinea pigs infected with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. | cardiac and pancreatic lesions were observed in guinea pigs infected with 2 variants (b and d) of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. cardiac changes were characterized by focal myocardial necrosis and subsequent replacement by immature granulation tissue, and the pancreatic ones by vacuolar degeneration of acinar cells. in the electron microscopic examinations, the affected cardiomyocytes showed intracellular oedema, swelling and/or partial destruction of mitochondria, and distortion and disrupti ... | 1991 | 1666316 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against encephalomyocarditis virus in swine of iowa. | a total of 2,614 swine from 104 herds located throughout iowa were tested for antibodies against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) by use of the microtitration serum neutralization test. the sample was composed of 587 sows and gilts and 2,027 finishing swine. a statistically significant (p less than 0.002) difference was observed between prevalence in sows and gilts (17.2%) and that in finishing swine (12.2%). breeding swine maintained in total confinement (20.5%) had significantly (p = 0.04) hi ... | 1991 | 1667528 |
| indirect role of t cells in development of polioencephalitis and encephalomyelitis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus. | infection of female balb/c mice with encephalomyocarditis virus results in the development of a paralytic syndrome in 7 to 10 days postinoculation. previous studies had suggested the involvement of an immune component in the development of central nervous system pathology. we have examined the effects of t-cell depletion on the development of polioencephalitis (neuronal necrosis and inflammation of the brain and brain stem) and the relative contribution of the cd4+ and cd8+ subsets following the ... | 1991 | 1674548 |
| beta-blocker treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. beneficial effect of carteolol in mice. | the effects of carteolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, were compared with those of metoprolol in a murine model of viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1991 | 1674900 |
| two amino acids, phe 16 and ala 776, on the polyprotein are most likely to be responsible for the diabetogenicity of encephalomyocarditis virus. | the diabetogenic d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) was previously shown to differ from the non-diabetogenic b variant (emc-b) by 14 nucleotides out of 7829 bases. similar approaches with a new nondiabetogenic variant, emc-dv1, obtained by plaque purification of the emc-d variant stock pool, enabled us to narrow down further the possible genomic area responsible for the diabetogenicity of emc virus. emc-dv1 does not induce interferon in vitro, differing from the highly interferon-in ... | 1990 | 1690262 |
| monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassays specific for human interferon (ifn) omega 1: evidence that ifn-omega 1 is a component of human leukocyte ifn. | four hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal igg antibodies to human interferon (ifn) omega 1 (= ifn-alpha ii 1) were developed, using spleen cells of mice immunized with ifn-omega 1 and/or a novel hybrid interferon, ifn-omega 1/alpha 2. all antibodies (omg-2, -4, -5, and -7) neutralize the antiviral activity of ifn-omega 1 and show distinct patterns of reactivity with the hybrid proteins, ifn-omega 1/alpha 2 and ifn-alpha 2c/omega 1. however, none of the antibodies is able to neutralize human ... | 1990 | 1691561 |
| [double-stranded rna from phage f6: its interferon-inducing and antiviral properties]. | double stranded rna was isolated from bacteriophage phi 6 parasitizing on phytobacteria. its interferon-inducing and antiviral activities were shown in vitro and in vivo. in the culture of l-929 cells, interferon resistant to heat and acids was synthesized. the interferon could be practically completely neutralized by specific anti-interferon serum. the phage phi 6 preparation dsrna in the lyophilized form was studied. the preparation retained its biological activity. it was shown that a prepara ... | 1990 | 1694424 |
| in vivo significance of t cells in the development of coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis in mice. immature but antigen-specific t cells aggravate cardiac injury. | acute myocardial damage similar to that seen in human myocarditis occurs in balb/c mice after infection with coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) or encephalomyocarditis virus (emc). to investigate the role of antigen-specific t cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder, we compared cb3 disease expression in t cell-deficient, athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, in heterozygote (nu/+) mice with normal t cell function, and in nu/nu mice reconstituted with spleen cells from cb3- or emc-infected nu/+ mice. acute myocard ... | 1990 | 1697791 |
| modified subcellular localization of interferon-induced p68 kinase during encephalomyocarditis virus infection. | the double-stranded (ds) rna-activated protein kinase from human cells is a 68,000 mr protein (p68 kinase) induced by interferon. when autophosphorylated, p68 kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of the protein synthesis eukaryotic initiation factor-2, thus mediating inhibition of protein synthesis. the level of p68 kinase is dramatically reduced in nonionic detergent np-40 extracts, obtained from interferon-treated cells during infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) (a. g. hovanessian ... | 1990 | 1700539 |
| interferon action: binding of viral rna to the 40-kilodalton 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in interferon-treated hela cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. | the 40-kda 2'-5'-oligoadenylate [(2'-5') (a)n] synthetase isoenzyme was proven to be a mediator of the inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) replication by interferon (ifn). when activated by double-stranded rna, this enzyme converts atp into 2'-5'-oligoadenylate [(2'-5') (a)n], and (2'-5') (a)n was found to accumulate in ifn-treated, emcv-infected cells. the only known function of (2'-5') (a)n is the activation of rnase l, a latent rnase, and this was also implicated in the inhibition ... | 1991 | 1705989 |
| immunoenhancing properties and antiviral activity of 7-deazaguanosine in mice. | the nucleotide analog 7-deazaguanosine has not previously been reported to possess biological (antiviral or antitumor) properties in cell culture or in vivo. up to 10(5) u of interferon per ml was detected in mouse sera 1 to 4 h following oral (200-mg/kg of body weight) and intraperitoneal (50-mg/kg) doses of the compound. 7-deazaguanosine also caused significant activation of natural killer and phagocytic cells but did not augment t- and b-cell blastogenesis. intraperitoneal treatments of 50, 1 ... | 1991 | 1707603 |
| immune inhibition of virus release from human and nonhuman cells by antibody to viral and host cell determinants. | immune inhibition of release of the dna viruses, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and pseudorabies virus by anti-viral and anti-host cell sera occurred while two rna viruses, influenza and encephalomyocarditis, were inhibited only by anti-viral sera (not anti-host cell sera). simian virus 40 and surprisingly two herpes viruses, bovine mamillitis and equine abortion, were not inhibited by either anti-viral or anti-host sera. using the herpes simplex virus model, inhibition of virus release was ... | 1991 | 1707865 |
| immunomodulation of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced disease in a/j mice. | the e variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus causes an encephalomyelitis and coagulative necrosis of the pancreas and parotid glands in some but not all strains of inbred and outbred mice. in other models of disease caused by picornaviruses, depletion of specific lymphocyte subsets abrogates the development of tissue lesions. in this study, severe encephalomyelitis and acinar pancreatitis and parotitis developed in adult male a/j mice infected with 100 pfu of emc virus. depletion of the cd4 ... | 1991 | 1707984 |
| preventive effects of ok432 on murine acute myocarditis due to encephalomyocarditis virus. | ok432, one of the immunomodulators used for cancer treatment in japan was examined for its effects on murine myocarditis due to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. the survival rate of mice administered with 1 ke of ok432 intraperitoneally every other day starting 2 days before viral inoculation was significantly higher than that of the control mice administered virus alone on days 10-21 (16/20 vs. 4/20, p less than 0.001), and the viral titer in the heart, the heart weight/body weight ratio, and ... | 1991 | 1713056 |
| anti-idiotypic and anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies as highly specific tools in epitope and active site studies on human interferon-gamma. | immunization of rabbits with f(ab')2 fragments of different monoclonal antibodies directed against human interferon-gamma yielded antisera with anti-idiotypic characteristics. isolation of the anti-idiotypic fraction, resulting in a highly specific antiserum, allowed us to prove that out of six competing monoclonal antibodies directed against human interferon-gamma, only two really recognize the same epitope. the other monoclonal antibodies compete on the basis of steric hindrance, which is not ... | 1991 | 1713296 |
| the effect of poliovirus proteinase 2apro expression on cellular metabolism. inhibition of dna replication, rna polymerase ii transcription, and translation. | infection of cells with poliovirus results in a rapid inhibition of host rna and protein synthesis. concordant with this shutoff, the p220 subunit of the cap-binding protein complex is cleaved, probably indirectly, by the poliovirus proteinase p2a (2apro). to elucidate the mechanism of action of 2apro in inhibiting protein synthesis in vivo, we studied the effect of transient expression of 2apro in cos-1 monkey kidney cells. in cells transfected with a 2apro expression plasmid, p220 was cleaved ... | 1991 | 1713590 |
| transforming growth factor-beta inhibits the antiviral action of interferons in human embryonic fibroblasts. | transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) at concentration of 10 ng/ml inhibited the development of the interferon-alpha- (ifn-alpha) or ifn-gamma-induced antiviral state in quiescent human embryonic fibroblasts. the action of the cytokines was dose-related; tgf-beta had no direct effect on the replication of either vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) or encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) used as the challenge viruses in the ifn assays. we suggest that despite the fact that tgf-beta acts mainly as ... | 1991 | 1714487 |
| comparative susceptibility to mouse interferons of rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains with different virulence in mice and of rickettsia rickettsii. | three strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi (karp, gilliam, and ta716, representing three virulence types in mice) were examined for their sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of recombinant gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and purified ifn-alpha/beta in two cultured mouse fibroblast cell lines. the susceptibilities of another species, rickettsia rickettsii, and of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) were also tested for comparative purposes. ifn-gamma inhibited rickettsial replication in only one of t ... | 1991 | 1718869 |
| regulation of viral and cellular rna turnover in cells infected by eukaryotic viruses including hiv-1. | the following reviews the role of mrna stability in the regulation of both viral and cellular gene expression in virus-infected cells. indeed, several eukaryotic viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus, hiv-1, regulate cellular protein synthesis via such control mechanisms. the following systems will be discussed: (i) the degradation of viral and cellular mrnas in cells infected by herpes simplex virus (hsv) and advances made using the hsv virion host shutoff mutant; (ii) the degrada ... | 1990 | 1724218 |
| the functional state of the beta cells in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | besides the thymus-dependent immune system, growing evidence suggests that the functional state of the beta cell plays a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. increased incidence of diabetes has been described after increased insulin production and vice versa, and actual hyperinsulinemia has been observed in relation to the diabetogenesis. prophylactic insulin treatment and intensive insulin therapy at diagnosis are discussed. the studies referred to are mostly animal ... | 1991 | 1742424 |
| [monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies simulating the biological effects of human alpha-interferons]. | the method of somatic hybridization was used to generate a panel of hybridomas producing monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (mono-ai-ab) imitating biological effects of human alpha-interferons (hif-alpha). induction of syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies in balb/c mice was achieved with monoclonal antibodies (mca) if-39 capable of neutralizing three kinds of hif-alpha (lymphoblastoid, leukocyte, genetic-engineering). the screening of mono-ai-ab was done by determinations of antiviral activity ... | 1991 | 1803774 |
| mystery swine disease in the netherlands: the isolation of lelystad virus. | in early 1991, the dutch pig-industry was struck by the so-called mystery swine disease. large-scale laboratory investigations were undertaken to search for the etiological agent. we focused on isolating viruses and mycoplasmas, and we tested paired sera of affected sows for antibodies against ten known pig viruses. the mycoplasmas m. hyosynoviae, m. hyopneumoniae, and acholeplasma laidlawii, and the viruses encephalomyocarditis virus and porcine enterovirus types 2 and 7 were isolated from indi ... | 1991 | 1835211 |
| stable antiviral expression in balb/c 3t3 cells carrying a beta interferon sequence behind a major histocompatibility complex promoter fragment. | we are exploring the use of interferon (ifn) genes for somatic cell gene therapy and have investigated the possibility of transforming cells into low constitutive ifn producers over prolonged periods of time without impeding cell survival or replication. here we report the possibility of conferring a permanent antiviral state to cells by introducing an ifn-beta gene with a modified transcriptional control. this was achieved by placing the murine ifn-beta-coding sequence behind the ifn-inducible ... | 1991 | 1846190 |
| chloroquine enhances replication of semliki forest virus and encephalomyocarditis virus in mice. | chloroquine (chl) has been suggested to play an important role in the development of burkitt's lymphoma by enhancing epstein-barr virus expression. herpes zoster virus incidence is markedly increased following malaria infection in children being treated with chl. recently, chl has also been shown to dramatically increase the transactivation of tat protein purified from human immunodeficiency virus. these previous studies indirectly suggest that chl may be involved in the enhancement of virus rep ... | 1991 | 1846212 |
| natural evolution of cardiac function, cardiac pathology and antimyosin scan in a murine myocarditis model. | serial technetium-99m radionuclide ventriculograms, indium-111 antimyosin antibody scans and tissue biodistribution studies were performed in c3h/he mice with experimentally induced viral encephalomyocarditis and the results were compared with pathologic assessments of myocardial necrosis. postinfection ejection fraction decreased on days 10 (20.7 +/- 5.5%, n = 6), 20 (18.6 +/- 15.2%, n = 5), 30 (18.5 +/- 7.7%, n = 5) and 150 (30.0 +/- 18.7, n = 6) (p less than 0.001) in comparison with that in ... | 1991 | 1847155 |
| inactivation of viruses in blood with aluminum phthalocyanine derivatives. | the inactivation of viruses added to whole blood and a red cell concentrate with aluminum phthalocyanine and its sulfonated derivatives was studied. a cell-free form of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), used as a model, was completely inactivated (greater than 10(4) infectious units; tcid50) on treatment of whole blood with 10 microm (10 mumol/l) aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (aips) and visible light dosage of 88 to 176 j per cm2. at 44 j per cm2, complete vsv inactivation was achieved on rai ... | 1991 | 1847558 |
| isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus among stillborn and post-weaning pigs in quebec. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was isolated from aborted fetuses and lungs of suckling pigs from three quebec pig farms that experienced outbreaks of reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in suckling and post-weaning piglets. multifocal interstitial pneumonia and mild non-suppurative myocarditis and meningoencephalitis were the more significant histopathological lesions observed in piglets. vero cells were found to be more sensitive than bhk-21 cells and pig cell lines for prim ... | 1991 | 1848748 |
| a complex rna sequence determines the internal initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation. | translation initiation on emcv rna occurs via binding of ribosomes to an internal sequence within the 5' noncoding region. to investigate the organization of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) we have determined the translational efficiencies of a series of deletion mutants within the 5' noncoding region of emcv rna. three functional regions have been distinguished: a sequence between nts 315-484 and the upper parts of the double-helical structural domains iii (nts 488-647) and iv (nts 701- ... | 1991 | 1849266 |
| potassium salts influence the fidelity of mrna translation initiation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates: unique features of encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation. | it is widely assumed that in vitro translation of mrna is more efficient in the presence of potassium acetate rather than kcl, that the optimum concentration of potassium acetate is higher than for kcl, and that uncapped rnas exhibit a lower optimum salt concentration than capped mrnas. when these assumptions were examined using several different mrna species in four batches of rabbit reticulocyte lysate, some notable exceptions were found. the translation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rn ... | 1991 | 1849749 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus rna polymerase preparations, with and without rna helicase activity. | rna template- and primer-dependent preparations of rna polymerase were purified from encephalomyocarditis virus-infected krebs-2 cells, using a three-step chromatographic procedure. the rna duplex-unwinding activity of these preparations was investigated by two assays, using a partially double-stranded rna template (encephalomyocarditis virus rna annealed with a long segment of antisense transcript). less purified preparations of the polymerase appeared to be able to efficiently displace, in an ... | 1991 | 1850044 |
| translation of hepatitis a virus rna in vitro: aberrant internal initiations influenced by 5' noncoding region. | hepatitis a virus (hav) rnas were translated in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. the pattern of proteins synthesized from full-length hav rna was highly complex, consisting of a continuous spectrum of polypeptides ranging from less than 20,000 to greater than 200,000 da. the pattern was not significantly altered by varying incubation times, ion, or other reaction parameters, or by the addition of hela or bs-c-1 cell extracts to the translation reactions. plasmids engineered with mutations i ... | 1991 | 1850924 |
| relative antiviral activity of in vitro-synthesized murine interferon-alpha 4 and -alpha 1. | murine interferon-alpha 4 (muifn-alpha 4) is notable among the muifn-alpha subtypes because it lacks 5 amino acids corresponding to positions 103-107 of the other subtypes, yet is the most highly expressed subtype. site-directed in vitro mutagenesis has been used to modify the genes coding for muifn-alpha 4 and muifn-alpha 1. the modifications have allowed (i) the in vitro expression of the mature form of each muifn-alpha subtype and (ii) the insertion of five amino acids, corresponding to amino ... | 1991 | 1851507 |
| expression, purification, and properties of recombinant encephalomyocarditis virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna-dependent rna polymerase was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase (gst), which allowed easy purification of the fusion protein by affinity chromatography on immobilized glutathione. inclusion of a thrombin cleavage site between the gst carrier and the viral enzyme facilitated the release of purified mature emc virus rna polymerase from the gst carrier by proteolysis with thrombin. the purified recombinant enzyme has ... | 1991 | 1851868 |
| [experimental animal models of diabetes mellitus]. | 1991 | 1851902 | |
| the atp requirement for initiation of eukaryotic translation varies according to the mrna species. | the requirement for atp for initiation of eukaryotic mrna translation was tested using gel-filtered rabbit reticulocyte lysates incubated with labelled met-trnafmet and exogenous rna templates, and assaying the formation of labelled 80s initiation complexes in the presence of gtp, or labelled 40s initiation complexes in the presence of a non-hydrolysable analogue of gtp. initiation complex formation on globin mrna, or on capped viral rnas such as papaya mosaic virus rna and tobacco mosaic virus ... | 1991 | 1889398 |
| elimination of eggplant mottled crinkle virus using virazole in explant cultures of solanum melongena l. | virazole (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide; 100 and 150 mg/l) incorporated into brinjal explant culture medium induced in complete elimination of eggplant mottled crinkle virus - indian isolate (emcv-1) from infected explant cultures of s. melongena l. and production of virus free plant progeny. acridine orange and ethidium bromide (150 ml/l) were also potent antiviral agents to some extent. | 1991 | 1889835 |
| overproduction of adenovirus dna polymerase and preterminal protein in hela cells. | adenovirus (ad) dna polymerase (adpol) and the preterminal protein (ptp) form a complex that is involved in the in vitro initiation of ad dna replication. recombinant vaccinia viruses (vv) were constructed in which the genes encoding adpol and ptp were cloned into a vaccinia/t7 hybrid expression-based vector downstream from the t7 promoter (pt7)/encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) 5'-untranslated region (utr). hela cells infected with the recombinant vv-adpol or vv-ptp or a mixture of both, togeth ... | 1991 | 1937014 |
| influence of hyperthermia on experimental viral infections in vitro. | the effects of hyperthermia (39 and 41 c) on virus multiplication in vitro (hsv-1, vsv on vero cells and emc on l929 cells) have been explored. the cells were infected with hsv-1, vsv or emc viruses and heated to 39 or 41 c before, during or after the viral infection. the titer of the virus show that temperature of 41 c acts as an inhibitory agent on hsv-1 and vsv virus replication in vero cells. | 1990 | 1965095 |
| serologic diagnosis of encephalomyocarditis virus infection in swine by the microtiter serum neutralization test. | 1990 | 1965640 | |
| translation of poliovirus mrna. | ribosome binding to cellular eukaryotic mrnas is proposed to occur by initial attachment at or near the mrna 5' cap structure (m7 gppn, where n is any nucleotide) followed by scanning till the appropriate initiator aug is encountered. a pivotal aspect of this model is the obligatory entry of the ribosomes at the 5' end of the mrna (regardless if it contains a cap structure). recent experiments, however, demonstrated that ribosomes can access certain mrnas by internal binding to the 5'-untranslat ... | 1990 | 1966842 |
| agm1+ spleen cells contain gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) gene transcripts in the early, sex-dependent production of ifn-gamma after picornavirus infection. | encephalomyocarditis d variant (emcv-d)-infected spleen cell cultures prepared from diabetes-resistant icr swiss female mice produce more gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) activity over a 24-h period than do spleen cell cultures from diabetes-susceptible male mice of this strain. pretreatment of mice with anti-asialo gm1 eliminates early in vitro ifn-gamma production from 4 to 16 h postinfection (p.i.) and reduces ifn-gamma production from 16 to 24 h p.i. in this study, depletion of spleen cells with ... | 1990 | 1974653 |
| evidence for a group-specific enteroviral antigen(s) recognized by human t cells. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 normal, healthy adult volunteers proliferated in vitro against a panel of enteroviral antigens, including coxsackievirus b3, coxsackievirus b2, coxsackievirus b6, coxsackievirus a16, and poliovirus 1. no proliferation against the cardiovirus encephalomyocarditis virus occurred. lymphocytes obtained from cord blood drawn from seven neonates were uniformly nonresponsive to enteroviral antigens. although serum neutralization antibody titers indicated ... | 1990 | 1975596 |
| construction and characterization of two infectious molecular clones of encephalomyocarditis virus. | we constructed and characterized two infectious molecular clones of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. both constructs, pdl and pda, were assembled from five overlapping cdna clones derived from the diabetogenic variant of emc virus (emc-d) and from two synthetic oligonucleotide cartridges. pda contained a single point mutation at position 1720 within the "puff" region of capsid protein 1ab that was derived from the nondiabetogenic variant of emc virus (emc-b). this point mutation resulted in an ... | 1990 | 2153252 |
| d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d)-induced diabetes following natural killer cell depletion in diabetes-resistant male c57bl/6j mice. | the involvement of natural killer (nk) cells in the development of diabetes in the normally resistant 9-10 week old c57bl/6j male mice by the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d) was examined. inoculation of purified emcv-d induced maximum nk cell activity in splenic cell populations on day 4 post-inoculation as determined by lysis of yac-1 target cells in a standard 51chromium release microcytotoxicity assay. selective depletion of nk cells by the administration of rabbit anti-asial ... | 1990 | 2153386 |
| genetic transfer of a functional human interferon alpha receptor into mouse cells: cloning and expression of its cdna. | a cdna coding for the human interferon alpha receptor has been cloned using a gene transfer approach. this consists of transferring human dna to mouse cells and selecting for cells sensitive to human interferon alpha. the transfected cells expressed the human interferon alpha receptor, and a 5 kb human dna was isolated from a secondary transfectant. this dna defects an mrna present in human cells and was used to clone a 2.7 kb cdna from a library constructed from human daudi cells. the sequence ... | 1990 | 2153461 |
| reproductive and neonatal losses associated with possible encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs. | a possible infection with encephalomyocarditis virus was investigated on two minnesota pig farms which experienced an increase in stillborn and mummified fetuses, high pre-weaning mortality and reduced farrowing rates. the monthly averages for the numbers of piglets born dead per litter on farms a and b reached 4-6 and 3-6, the pre-weaning mortalities 50 per cent and 31 per cent, and the farrowing rates 52 per cent and 63 per cent, respectively. serological and histopathological examinations sup ... | 1990 | 2154074 |
| kidney complications in emc virus-induced diabetes in conventional dba/2 male mice. | conventional dba/2 male mice of about 9 weeks of age were inoculated by intraperitoneally injecting emc virus m variant (10(4) tcid50/0.1 ml/animal) which is passaged in mice. the mice which tested positive for glycosuria and hyperglycemia were examined histopathologically 2 or 5 months after inoculation. the kidneys were examined for thickening of bowman's capsule and the mesangial matrix. these changes were more clearly observable 5 months after inoculation than they were 2 months after inocul ... | 1990 | 2154384 |
| limited expression of poliovirus by vaccinia virus recombinants due to inhibition of the vector by proteinase 2a. | a recombinant vaccinia virus was constructed that expressed poliovirus coat precursor protein p1 fused to about two-thirds of the 2a proteinase. the truncated 2a segment could be cleaved away from the p1 region by coinfecting with poliovirus type 1, 2, or 3 or with human rhinovirus 14 but not with encephalomyocarditis virus. further cleavage of the vector-derived p1 to yield mature poliovirus capsid proteins was not observed. attempts to isolate vaccinia virus recombinants containing portions of ... | 1990 | 2154618 |
| inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication in dexamethasone-treated l929 cells. | we previously demonstrated that dexamethasone treatment of l929 cells inhibited plaque formation by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), encephalomyocarditis virus, or vaccinia virus. we now have characterized the antiviral effects of glucocorticoids in l929 cells. dexamethasone did not directly inactivate vsv nor did steroid treatment of l929 cells affect virion adsorption or penetration. the vsv yield in l929 cells treated with dexamethasone for a period of only 4 or 8 hr was decreased by 50% whe ... | 1990 | 2154755 |
| a factor that specifically binds to the 5'-untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | a protein factor that specifically binds to the 5'-untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna has been found in extracts of ascites carcinoma krebs-2 cells. this was done using uv-irradiation on extracts supplemented with in vitro synthesized 32p-labelled transcripts followed by analysis of crosslinked proteins by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the transcripts represented the viral rna sequence from nt 315 to 1155, its derivatives with internal deletions or truncated f ... | 1990 | 2155820 |
| blocking by anti-idiotypic antibodies of monoclonal antibody mediated protection in mice against encephalomyocarditis virus induced diabetes and lethal disease. | monoclonal antibodies (ma) um 21.1 and um 21.2 protect mice against encephalomyocarditis virus (d-variant) induced diabetes and lethal disease. ma-mediated protection in vivo as well as neutralization in vitro could be specifically blocked by anti-idiotypic antibodies. | 1990 | 2156488 |
| the involvement of pineal gland and melatonin in immunity and aging. i. thymus-mediated, immunoreconstituting and antiviral activity of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. | circadian, continued treatment with melatonin during the dark cycle produces changes in the blood level of thyroid hormones in aging mice. thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) antagonize the involution of the thymus produced by prednisolone. this effect of trh does not seem thyroid dependent. trh restores antibody production in non-responder athymic nude mice but does not exert this effect in neonatally thymectomized mice. moreover, this activity does not cor ... | 1990 | 2159021 |
| echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus. | although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ... | 1990 | 2159539 |
| encephalomyocarditis of swine in greece. | 1990 | 2159671 | |
| diverse patterns of immune and non-immune-mediated disease in emc m-variant-infected mice. | the m variant of emc virus exhibits unique tropism for the beta cells of the islets of langerhans. however, the severity and character of the lesion differ in various strains of animals. this paper briefly reviews the features of these lesions and considers their pathogenesis. | 1990 | 2160243 |
| inhibition of rate of tumour growth in rodent species by inoculation of herpesviruses and encephalomyocarditis virus. | inoculation of herpesviruses and encephalomyocarditis virus into subcutaneous tumours in hamsters and mice reduced the rate of tumour growth compared to untreated tumours or secondary tumours which had arisen following surgical excision of the primary tumour; in addition, survival times were increased in animals whose tumours were inoculated with virus. it is suggested that the role of virus in the modification of tumour growth merits further exploration. | 1990 | 2160515 |
| gross rearrangements within the 5'-untranslated region of the picornaviral genomes. | an analysis of reported nucleotide sequences revealed several cases of gross rearrangements in the 5'-untranslated region (5-utr) of picornaviral genomes. a large (greater than 100 nt) duplication was discovered in a downstream region of poliovirus 5-utr involved in the translational control. properties of the poliovirus mutants with large deletions [kuge and nomoto (1987) j. virol. 61, 1478-1487] show that a single copy of the appropriate repeating unit is compatible with a wild type phenotype ... | 1990 | 2162521 |
| [the effect of high molecular weight interferon inducers (dsrna) on virus adsorption]. | interrelationship between phosphorylation of plasmatic membrane proteins in brain cells and the rate of mice encephalomyocarditis virus adsorption was studied. phosphorylation of proteins induced by dsrna (laryphane) was most distinctly manifested in membrane fraction and cytosol of rat brain neuronal cells. similarity of molecular mass spectra in dsrna- and camp-dependent phosphorylation enabled to suggest that dsrna activated protein kinase. an increase in the rate of plasmatic membrane protei ... | 1990 | 2163564 |
| [an experimental study of human recombinant gamma interferon with a proteolytically reduced c-end area of the protein]. | the work presents the results of experimental study of gamma interferon obtained by gene engineering techniques on the basis of escherichia coli producer strains. the study has revealed that gamma interferon, whose molecular weight is 15 kd, due to intracellular proteolytic degradation shows the absence of some amino acids at the c-end of protein and is electrophoretically homogeneous, while its antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulating effects are less pronounced than those of gamma int ... | 1990 | 2164292 |
| reversibility of acid denaturation of recombinant interferon-gamma. | it has been shown that interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) loses activity after acid treatment and this property can be used to distinguish it from other types of interferons. therefore, reversibility of acid denaturation of ifn-gamma was examined using the recombinant human protein. the fluorescence spectra showed that conformation of the protein is similar before and after acid treatment, suggesting reversibility of the acid denaturation. the antiviral activity of the protein was also identical in th ... | 1990 | 2164426 |
| paradoxical lessening of autoimmune processes in non-obese diabetic mice after infection with the diabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. | in order to gain insight into the interaction between autoimmunity and viral infection in the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes, non-obese diabetic (nod) mice which spontaneously develop autoimmune diabetes were inoculated with the diabetogenic variant of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d) before the onset of the disease. the pre-diabetic period was divided into two phases: the early phase (days 88 to 116) during which development of spontaneous diabetes is rare and the late phase (day 12 ... | 1990 | 2164479 |
| [encephalomyocarditis syndrome (emc syndrome)]. | among 28 autopsy-cases with emc had been none diagnosed clinically before. typically we found an interstitial myocarditis and perivenous encephalitis with a preferred participation of the brain stem, eventually resulting in a central failure. there were only 5 cases with meningitis. myelitis was not found. former cardiac, less often cerebral lesions are likely risks for the lethal event. | 1990 | 2165622 |
| synthesis of functional mrna in mammalian cells by bacteriophage t3 rna polymerase. | we found that the 5' nontranslated leader sequence from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) allowed transcripts that were synthesized by the t3 rna polymerase in mammalian cells to be translated in a cap-independent fashion. stable mouse cell lines that carry the t3 rna polymerase gene expressed the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of a phage promoter when the cat gene was fused to the emcv leader and introduced into the cells by transient dna uptake. the level of gen ... | 1990 | 2167433 |
| tumour necrosis factor enhances induction by beta-interferon of a ubiquitin cross-reactive protein. | tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) elicited an antiviral response in some cell lines (mg-63 and hep-2) but not in others (mdbk). cell lines that generated an antiviral response to tnf-alpha also showed induction of a 15k protein which shared sequence homology with ubiquitin and reacted with an antibody to ubiquitin. this ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (ucrp) had been demonstrated previously to be induced by interferon. the tnf-alpha induction of ucrp occurred at the level of transcriptio ... | 1990 | 2167923 |
| effect of rearing conditions on encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced diabetes in mice. | to compare the incidence in the diabetic syndrome in mice reared under sterile and non-sterile conditions, both conventional and spf dba/2 n male mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with two doses (10(4) tcid50/0.1 ml or 10(5) tcid50/0.1 ml) of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus m variant. the incidence of diabetic symptoms was higher in mice reared under sterile conditions than under non-sterile conditions. it appeared that a difference in animal rearing conditions would affect the sensitivity ... | 1990 | 2169428 |
| an initiation signal in the 5' untranslated leader sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | a 593 nucleotide fragment of the 5' leader of encephalomyocarditis virus rna (emcv-rna) was linked to the sp6 promoter and inserted upstream of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). the presence of the 5'-utr of emcv-rna in the rna transcripts, made in vitro with the sp6 polymerase, resulted in a strong translational enhancement when tested in the micrococcal nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate. the transcripts were equally active with or without a 5' methylated capstructur ... | 1990 | 2169887 |
| initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation: the authentic initiation site is not selected by a scanning mechanism. | the authentic initiation site on encephalomyocarditis virus (strain r) rna is the 11th aug codon (at nt. 834) from the 5' end of the viral rna, the downstream of the two augs in the sequence....acgaugauaauauggcc... in order to assess the role of ribosome scanning in the selection of the correct initiation site, transcripts of a construct comprising the viral 5' noncoding sequence fused to a reporter gene were translated in vitro and the relative frequency of initiation at these two aug codons, a ... | 1990 | 2170120 |
| a full-length murine 2-5a synthetase cdna transfected in nih-3t3 cells impairs emcv but not vsv replication. | treatment of cells with interferons (ifns) induces resistance to virus infection. the 2'-5'oligo a (2-5a) synthetase/rnase l is one of the pathways leading to translation inhibition induced by ifn treatment. a murine cdna encoding the 43-kda 2-5a synthetase was cloned and sequenced. nih-3t3 cell clones transfected with this cdna expressed the enzymatic activity to various extents and exhibited resistance to encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) but not to vesicular stomatitis virus replication. the ... | 1990 | 2171206 |
| pharmacokinetics of indium-111-labeled antimyosin monoclonal antibody in murine experimental viral myocarditis. | the pharmacokinetics of indium-111-labeled antimyosin monoclonal antibody fab were investigated with use of murine experimental viral myocarditis as a model. the biodistribution of indium-111-labeled antimyosin antibody fab on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after encephalomyocarditis virus inoculation demonstrated that myocardial uptake increased significantly on days 5, 7 and 14 (maximum on day 7) in infected versus uninfected mice (p less than 0.001). in vivo kinetics in infected mice on day 7 de ... | 1990 | 2172346 |
| inhibition of the uncoating of bovine enterovirus by short chain fatty acids. | short chain fatty acids inhibit the replication of bovine enterovirus but are almost ineffective against poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus b5, encephalomyocarditis virus and human rhinovirus 1b. lauric acid binds to bovine enterovirus, thereby stabilizing the virus particle to heat degradation. fatty acid-bound virions attach to susceptible cells but fail to undergo cell-mediated uncoating. the inhibitory effect is reversible with chloroform and may result from a hydrophobic interaction between ... | 1990 | 2172446 |
| effects of a diabetogenic strain of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus on protein synthesis in mouse islets of langerhans. | the effects of a diabetogenic strain of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus on total protein and insulin biosynthesis in mouse islets of langerhans have been studied in tissue culture. in dispersed mouse islets, the rates of protein biosynthesis were assessed by measuring the incorporation of [3h]leucine into proteins. in infected dispersed islets incubated in 20 mm-glucose, both insulin and total protein biosynthesis were decreased at 6 h; only insulin biosynthesis was significantly decreased at 3 ... | 1990 | 2173551 |
| role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice. | pancreatic islets from sjl/j mice infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d virus) showed lymphocytic infiltration with moderate to severe destruction of beta cells. immunohistochemical staining of the islet sections with several monoclonal antibodies, anti-mac-1, anti-mac-2, and f4/80 for macrophages, anti-l3t4 for helper/inducer t cells, and anti-lyt2 for cytotoxic/suppressor t cells revealed that the major population of infiltrating cells at the early stage of viral inf ... | 1990 | 2173763 |
| persistent infection of k562 cells by encephalomyocarditis virus. | infection of human erythroleukemic k562 cells by encephalomyocarditis virus readily resulted in establishment of persistently infected cultures. in contrast to the usual typical lytic infection by encephalomyocarditis virus, in which trypan blue staining of cells reaches close to 100% by about 15 h postinfection, k562 cell cultures required 3 to 4 days postinfection to reach a maximum of about 80 to 90% cell staining. the proportion of k562 cells taking up stain gradually decreased to about 10% ... | 1990 | 2173779 |
| primate viral diseases in perspective. | the recent occurrence of fatal herpesvirus simiae (b virus) infection in human subjects has again focused the attention of primatologists on this virus. b virus, however, is only one of a number of viral diseases that plays a role in primate colony management. this report is to emphasize to the primatologist a number of viruses other than h. simiae, with high morbidity and mortality rates, of importance for health management of nonhuman primate animal colonies. this concept is supported by the r ... | 1990 | 2174083 |
| cap-independent translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna: structural elements of the internal ribosomal entry site and involvement of a cellular 57-kd rna-binding protein. | translation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) mrna occurs by ribosomal internal entry into the 5'-nontranslated region (5' ntr) rather than by ribosomal scanning. the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) in the emcv 5' ntr was determined by in vitro translation with rnas that were generated by in vitro transcription of emcv cdnas containing serial deletions from either the 5' or 3' end of the emcv 5' ntr. regions downstream of nucleotide 403 and upstream of nucleotide 811 of emcv were require ... | 1990 | 2174810 |
| sex hormone modulation of interferon (ifn) alpha/beta and gamma production by mouse spleen cell subsets following picornavirus infection. | replication of the diabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d) in spleen cells and its association with subpopulations of spleen cells (l3t4+, lyt-2+, mac 1+, 33d1+ and agm1+ cells) from both sexes of icr swiss mice were examined. virus replication was limited to less than 0.5 log in suspensions of whole spleen cells, nonadherent cells or a b cell subfraction from both sexes of icr swiss mice following infection with emcv-d at an moi of 10; no virus replication was seen in adhere ... | 1990 | 2175195 |
| evidence for a direct role for sialic acid in the attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to human erythrocytes. | sialic acid residues are required in cellular receptors for many different mammalian viruses. sialic acid could have a direct role, being an integral part of the virus binding site on the receptor. alternatively, negatively charged sialic acid could have an indirect role, being responsible for holding the receptor in the required configuration for virus recognition, for instance, by interacting with positively charged amino acid residues found in the polypeptide chain of receptors. we have inves ... | 1990 | 2176879 |