Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| proanthocyanidins and related compounds: antileishmanial activity and modulatory effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-release in the murine macrophage-like cell line raw 264.7. | a series of 17 proanthocyanidins and structurally related compounds was tested for activity against leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes in vitro. most of the polyphenols significantly inhibited the intracellular survival of l. donovani amastigotes (ec50 0.8-10.6 nm) when compared with the antileishmanial drug pentostam (ec50 10.6 nm), but all were inactive against the extracellular form (ec50 7.8 to >86 nm). noteworthy is that all compounds exhibited only moderate or no cytotoxicit ... | 2001 | 11558561 |
| oromucosal interferon therapy: relationship between antiviral activity and viral load. | intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 20,000 iu recombinant murine ifn-alpha (rmuifn-alpha) was highly effective in protecting mice challenged i.p. with doses of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ranging from 44 to 440 ld(50) (p<0.001). oromucosal (o.m.) ifn therapy was also found to be effective in protecting mice challenged with a lethal dose of emcv. thus, 40% of animals infected with 44 ld(50) of emcv and treated o.m. with 20,000 iu rmuifn-alpha survived infection with a mean survival tim ... | 2001 | 11559435 |
| the 5' untranslated region of rhopalosiphum padi virus contains an internal ribosome entry site which functions efficiently in mammalian, plant, and insect translation systems. | rhopalosiphum padi virus (rhpv) is one of several picorna-like viruses that infect insects; sequence analysis has revealed distinct differences between these agents and mammalian picornaviruses. rhpv has a single-stranded positive-sense rna genome of about 10 kb; unlike the genomes of picornaviridae, however, this genome contains two long open reading frames (orfs). orf1 encodes the virus nonstructural proteins, while the downstream orf, orf2, specifies the structural proteins. both orfs are pre ... | 2001 | 11581392 |
| phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase confers resistance to encephalomyocarditis and herpes simplex virus-induced cell death through the activation of distinct downstream effectors. | the janus kinase/stat pathway has emerged as the paradigm of ifn-induced protection from viral infections. however, the possible participation of other signaling proteins in this protection is not clearly understood. in this report, we demonstrate that activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) by either serum factors or ifns blocks cell death induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and hsv. this increased resistance to virus-induced cell death does not involve the activation of the ... | 2001 | 11591783 |
| evaluation of ultrastructural changes associated with encephalomyocarditis virus in the myocardium of experimentally infected piglets. | to evaluate the ultrastructural changes and localization of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and viral pathogenesis in the myocardium of experimentally infected piglets. | 2001 | 11592335 |
| multigene lentiviral vectors based on differential splicing and translational control. | lentiviral vectors, so far, have been optimized for the expression of a single open reading frame. certain practical applications of gene therapy will, however, require expression of multiple genes. the goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of directing expression of two marker genes from a lentiviral vector. we designed two types of multigene lentiviral vectors. first, we used a strategy based on the natural splicing signals of hiv-1, by which multiple mrnas are generated from a sin ... | 2001 | 11592842 |
| immunoglobulin treatment prevents congestive heart failure in murine encephalomyocarditis viral myocarditis associated with reduction of inflammatory cytokines. | we have previously shown that immunoglobulin therapy suppressed murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis. in the present study, we examined the effects of immunoglobulin upon murine myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus, which is not pathogenic to humans. antiviral activity of immunoglobulin (venilon) against encephalomyocarditis virus could not be detected in vitro. the production of cytokines was decreased in virus-infected macrophages by the treatment of immunoglobulin in vitro. immun ... | 2001 | 11602677 |
| t cell-mediated immune response enhances the severity of myocarditis in secondary cardiotropic virus infection in mice. | in this report, we showed that a previous enterovirus exposure in ordinary mice with normal t cell function, but not in t cell-deficient mice, can influence development of myocardial inflammation with a second virus exposure. inoculation of 4-week-old male balb/c-nu/+ (euthymic and normal t cell function) mice with amyocarditic coxsackie virus b1 (cb1), followed by inoculation 28 days later with myocarditic variant of coxsackie virus b3 (cb3-m) resulted in more intense myocardial inflammation an ... | 2001 | 11605990 |
| carboxyalkylated histidine is a ph-dependent product of pegylation with sc-peg. | pegylation of therapeutic protein usually results in a mixture of monopegylated proteins with differing sites of modification. with rh-interferon-alpha2a pegylation, we have found that this heterogeneity includes two classes of pegylation site chemistry, the relative proportions of which can be adjusted by reaction ph. | 2001 | 11683252 |
| porcine encephalomyocarditis virus persists in pig myocardium and infects human myocardial cells. | recent advances toward using pig tissues in human transplantation have made it necessary to determine the risk of transmitting zoonotic viruses from pigs to humans or vice versa. we investigated the suitability of the porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) model for such studies by determining its ability to persist in pigs, escape detection by routine serological methods, and infect human cells. intraperitoneal inoculation of 5-week-old pigs with emcv-30, a strain isolated from commercial pi ... | 2001 | 11689644 |
| involvement of proteasome alpha-subunit psma7 in hepatitis c virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. | ribozymes are small catalytic rna molecules that can be engineered to enzymatically cleave rna transcripts in a sequence-specific fashion and thereby inhibit expression and function of the corresponding gene product. with their simple structures and site-specific cleavage activity, they have been exploited as potential therapeutic agents in a variety of human disorders, including hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. we have designed a hairpin ribozyme (rz3'x) targeting the hcv minus-strand replica ... | 2001 | 11713272 |
| woodchuck gamma interferon upregulates major histocompatibility complex class i transcription but is unable to deplete woodchuck hepatitis virus replication intermediates and rnas in persistently infected woodchuck primary hepatocytes. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) is an important mediator with multiple functions in the host defense against viral infection. ifn-gamma, in concert with tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), leads to a remarkable reduction of intrahepatic replication intermediates and specific mrnas of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by a noncytolytic mechanism in the transgenic mouse model. thus, it is rational to evaluate the potential value of ifn-gamma for the treatment of chronic hbv infection. in the present study ... | 2002 | 11739671 |
| disturbance of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated beta interferon signaling in cervical carcinoma cells. | in the present study we show that malignant human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive cells lost their ability to synthesize endogenous beta interferon (ifn-beta) upon tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) treatment. ifn-beta transcription, however, was reinducible in nonmalignant hpv-positive cells, which was confirmed in functional protection assays against encephalomyocarditis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus infections. addition of neutralizing antibodies against ifn-beta blocked the antivira ... | 2002 | 11739693 |
| antileishmanial activity of hydrolyzable tannins and their modulatory effects on nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha release in macrophages in vitro. | a series of 27 hydrolyzable tannins and related compounds was tested for antiparasitic effects against both extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote leishmania donovani organisms. in parallel, the compounds were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects on macrophage functions, including release of nitric oxide (no), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interferon (ifn)-like properties using several functional assays. of the series of polyphenols tested, only gallic aci ... | 2001 | 11745019 |
| antiviral response by natural killer cells through trail gene induction by ifn-alpha/beta. | natural killer (nk) cells play an important role in early defense against viral infection. the cytotoxic activity of nk cells is increased by interferon-alpha/beta (ifn-alpha/beta), produced en masse in virally infected cells. however, the mechanism(s) by which ifn-alpha/beta contribute to the nk-cell-mediated antiviral response is not well understood. here we provide evidence that the cytotoxicity of nk cells is enhanced by ifn-alpha/beta through induction of tnf-related apoptosis-inducing liga ... | 2001 | 11745330 |
| enhancement of defective rna expression vectors as potential vaccine delivery systems for avian infectious bronchitis virus. | 2001 | 11774500 | |
| virus-inhibitory effect of a yeast rna-tilorone molecular complex in cell cultures. | the virus-inhibitory activity of a molecular complex (mc) of tilorone and yeast rna was studied in vitro on three virus-cell systems: vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) - murine fibroblast l929 cells, venezuelan equine encephalittis virus (veev) - swine embryo kidney (sek) cells and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) - established piglet testicular (ept) cells. in all these systems the mc exerted an antiviral effect similar to that of polynucleotide interferon (ifn) inducers such as poly(i)-poly(c) ... | 2001 | 11774897 |
| poly(a)-binding protein interaction with elf4g stimulates picornavirus ires-dependent translation. | the eukaryotic mrna 3' poly(a) tail and the 5' cap cooperate to synergistically enhance translation. this interaction is mediated, at least in part, by elf4g, which bridges the mrna termini by simultaneous binding the poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) and the cap-binding protein, elf4e. the poly(a) tail also stimulates translation from the internal ribosome binding sites (ires) of a number of picornaviruses. elf4g is likely to mediate this translational stimulation through its direct interaction wi ... | 2001 | 11780631 |
| single-step, multiple retroviral transduction of human t cells. | retroviral transduction of human peripheral blood t cells has considerable potential in the development of gene therapy strategies for immunological disorders. new vectors and experimental procedures have been developed for efficient transduction of several genes into human t cells. | 2002 | 11828385 |
| high-level expression of human thyroid-stimulating hormone in chinese hamster ovary cells by co-transfection of dicistronic expression vectors followed by a dual-marker amplification strategy. | the utilization of dicistronic mrna expression vectors, containing the gene of interest upstream of an amplifiable marker gene, has shown success in rapidly, efficiently and reproducibly obtaining stable cell lines that express high levels of the protein of interest. for this reason, human thyroid-stimulating hormone (htsh), a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of non-covalently linked alpha- and beta-subunits, was expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using a system based on dicistron ... | 2002 | 11834126 |
| cocaine enhances myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus in murine model. | this study was designed to investigate whether cocaine can exacerbate viral myocarditis and increase its incidence. recent clinical evidence suggests that cocaine abuse increases the incidence of myocarditis. however, it has not been directly demonstrated that cocaine exposure enhances murine myocarditis. balb/c mice were divided into eight groups: saline control, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), 10 mg/kg cocaine (coc-10), 30 mg/kg cocaine (coc-30), 50 mg/kg cocaine (coc-50), emcv+coc-10, emcv ... | 2002 | 11834492 |
| detection of encephalomyocarditis virus in clinical samples by immunomagnetic separation and one-step rt-pcr. | a method of immunomagnetic separation and one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). emcv was captured from sample on magnetic beads with homologous monoclonal antibody and then heat denatured. the heated beads were used directly in one-step rt-pcr reaction to amplify a 285-bp pcr fragment at the 3' end of the genomic region that encodes the viral polymerase. this method detected as little as 3.5 tcid(50 ... | 2002 | 11849698 |
| molecular cloning of adir, a novel interferon responsive gene encoding a protein related to the torsins. | the expression of the previously uncharacterized gene adir (for atp dependent interferon responsive gene) was increased by 5- to 15-fold in tissue of the oral cavity or in spleen and liver of mice treated orally or intraperitoneally with ifn-alpha, and in mouse cells treated in vitro with ifn-alpha or ifn-gamma. the level of adir mrna was also increased 20- to 40-fold in the brains of animals infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. adir is expressed ubiquitously in mouse tissues as 1.9-, 2.4-, ... | 2002 | 11863361 |
| nucleotide sequence and construction of an infectious cdna clone of an emcv strain isolated from aborted swine fetus. | a full-length cdna clone of an encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) strain (2887a) isolated from aborted swine fetus was constructed and sequenced. sequence comparison showed more than 99% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with two other emcv strains, emcv-pv21 and -r. however, the 2887a genomic sequence showed only about 84% nucleotide identity and 96% amino acid identity with emcv-b, -d and -pv2 variants. rna synthesized by in vitro transcription of this cdna clone was infectious upon t ... | 2002 | 11864742 |
| [expression of lipofect amine mediated human gm-csf eukaryotic expressing vector in hfcl cells]. | to construct an eukaryotic expressing vector-pires1neo/hgm-csf and express it in human bone marrow stromal cell line hfcl. | 2000 | 11877035 |
| leader protein of encephalomyocarditis virus binds zinc, is phosphorylated during viral infection, and affects the efficiency of genome translation. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is the prototype member of the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses. for cardioviruses and the related aphthoviruses, the first protein segment translated from the plus-strand rna genome is the leader protein. the aphthovirus leader (173-201 amino acids) is an autocatalytic papain-like protease that cleaves translation factor eif-4g to shut off cap-dependent host protein synthesis during infection. the less characterized cardioviral leader is a shorter protein (6 ... | 2001 | 11883190 |
| improved co-expression of multiple genes in vectors containing internal ribosome entry sites (ireses) from human genes. | incorporation of an internal ribosome entry site (ires) into the gene therapy vector represents a promising strategy to efficiently co-express several gene products from the same promoter. however, vector systems that utilize the encephalomyocarditis virus ires express the downstream gene much less efficiently than the upstream gene. in this study, we compared four ireses isolated from human genes against the emcv ires, using beta-galactosidase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase genes as rep ... | 2002 | 11938453 |
| circular structures in preparations of the replicative form of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | 1970 | 11947520 | |
| encephalomyocarditis and mengo viruses productively infect murine t-lymphocyte cell lines but not fresh ex vivo derived t lymphocytes. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and mengo virus are highly virulent murine cardioviruses that are found in abundant quantities in the spleen and lymph nodes after infection. t lymphocytes are pivotal mediators of humoral and cellular immunity against cardioviral challenge, and are highly suspect candidates of emcv and mengo virus infection. we found t lymphocyte-like cell lines ctll-2, el-4, ly1+2/9, and lbrm33 were susceptible to productive viral infection and exhibited cytopathology after in ... | 2002 | 11952137 |
| polypurine (a)-rich sequences promote cross-kingdom conservation of internal ribosome entry. | the internal ribosome entry sites (ires), ires(cp,148)(cr) and ires(mp,75)(cr), precede the coat protein (cp) and movement protein (mp) genes of crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crtmv), respectively. in the present work, we analyzed the activity of these elements in transgenic plants and other organisms. comparison of the relative activities of the crtmv ires elements and the ires from an animal virus--encephalomyocarditis virus--in plant, yeast, and hela cells identified the 148-nt ires(cp,148)( ... | 2002 | 11959981 |
| expression of a membrane-anchored glycoprotein, the influenza virus hemagglutinin, by dicistronic replicons derived from the poliovirus genome. | mono- and dicistronic poliovirus replicons were constructed to express the influenza virus hemagglutinin, retaining its signal peptide and transmembrane region. picornavirus genomes do not normally encode glycoproteins, and only the dicistronic replicon, in which the foreign and poliovirus sequences were separated by the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site, replicated and expressed glycosylated hemagglutinin. | 2002 | 11967344 |
| gene transfer of fc-fusion cytokine by in vivo electroporation: application to gene therapy for viral myocarditis. | among a number of techniques for gene transfer in vivo, the direct injection of plasmid dna into muscle is simple, inexpensive and safe. although combining direct dna injection with in vivo electroporation increases the efficiency of gene transfer into muscle, applications of this method have remained limited because of the relatively low expression level. to overcome this problem, we developed a plasmid vector that expresses a secretory protein as a fusion protein with the noncytolytic immunogl ... | 2002 | 11973633 |
| high translation efficiency is mediated by the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry sites if the natural sequence surrounding the eleventh aug is retained. | internal ribosomal entry sites (ires) allow cap-independent translation and are sequences that are often used in gene therapy for strategies in which several genes need to be expressed. in this study, two different sequences of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ires were compared for their translation efficiency in the context of retroviral vectors. when the sequence surrounding the 11th aug of the ires was conserved (iresg), the translation efficiency was significantly higher than if the aug of ... | 2002 | 11975853 |
| amiodarone inhibits interleukin 6 production and attenuates myocardial injury induced by viral myocarditis in mice. | a recent study has shown that amiodarone inhibits the production of cytokines in vitro. this study was performed to examine the effects of amiodarone on survival, heart weight-to-body-weight ratio (hw/bw), myocardial lesions and cytokines production in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). four-week-old male dba/2 mice were inoculated with the emcv. to examine its effect on survival and hw/bw on day 14, mice were administered oral amiodarone (30 mg ... | 2002 | 11991672 |
| a high-efficiency translational control element with potential for cancer gene therapy. | an active internal ribosome entry sequence (ires) that efficiently mediates cap (m7pppgn)-independent translation in human carcinoma cells could be an effective device for gene co-transduction in cancer gene therapy. in this study using the cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter, a remarkable internal translation activity was observed and mediated by the sequence localized to the 183-653 region of 5' nf-kappab repressor mrna (nfr183ires). to test the potential of such sequence for therapeutic applicatio ... | 2002 | 12012009 |
| establishment and application of bicistronic classical swine fever virus genomes for foreign gene expression and complementation of e2 deletion mutants. | bicistronic genomes of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 (a187) were established by insertion of a second cistron consisting of an internal ribosome entry site of the encephalomyocarditis virus and a coding sequence in the 3' untranslated region of the genome. introduction of the selectable marker gene for neomycin phosphotransferase into the second cistron of the csfv replicon a187 delta e2-cat allowed the establishment of porcine sk-6 cell lines constitutively expressing ... | 2002 | 12034484 |
| phosphorylation of initiation factor-2 alpha is required for activation of internal translation initiation during cell differentiation. | the long uorf-burdened 5'utrs of many genes encoding regulatory proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation contain internal ribosomal entry site (ires) elements. in a previous study we showed that utilization of the weak ires of platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf2) is activated during megakaryocytic differentiation. the establishment of permissive conditions for ires-mediated translation during differentiation has been confirmed by our demonstration of the enhanced activity of vascul ... | 2002 | 12047392 |
| oral administration of l-arginine prevents congestive heart failure in murine viral myocarditis. | it was previously demonstrated that administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ng-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) aggravated viral myocarditis in mice. in the current study, the effects of l-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide, on congestive heart failure (chf) in myocarditis were evaluated. dietary l-arginine and l-arginine plus l-name (l-arginine + l-name group) were administered to encephalomyocarditis virus-infected balb/c mice over 4 weeks (experiment i) and to encephalo ... | 2002 | 12072571 |
| hepatitis c virus ires-dependent translation is insensitive to an eif2alpha-independent mechanism of inhibition by interferon in hepatocyte cell lines. | interferon (ifn) in combination with ribavirin is the main treatment for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. the sensitivity or resistance of the virus to ifn has been linked to certain types of the interferon sensitivity determining region (isdr) and pkr-eif2alpha phosphorylation homology domain (pephd) sequences in the ns5a and e2 regions of the viral genome, respectively. in search of the other potential mechanisms of hcv resistance to ifn, we tested the effect of ifn-alpha on translational ac ... | 2002 | 12083818 |
| rotavirus protein nsp3 shuts off host cell protein synthesis. | a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding rotavirus protein nsp3 driven by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) from the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was able to abate protein synthesis in bsc1 cells by 25-fold, with as much as 30% of the remaining protein synthesis being nsp3. hence nsp3 shuts off host cell protein synthesis down to the level seen during rotavirus infection but is unable to prevent translation from emc ires-driven genes. this effect was abolished by deletions in the eif4g-bin ... | 2002 | 12093167 |
| noninvasive, repetitive, quantitative measurement of gene expression from a bicistronic message by positron emission tomography, following gene transfer with adenovirus. | gene therapy protocols are hampered by the inability to monitor the location, magnitude, and duration of ectopic gene expression following dna delivery. consequently, it is difficult to establish quantitative correlations and/or causal relationships between therapeutic gene expression and phenotypic responses in treated individuals. one approach to monitor "therapeutic gene" expression indirectly is to incorporate reporter genes that can be imaged in vivo into bicistronic transcription units, al ... | 2002 | 12095306 |
| overexpressed human tnf receptor-75 can independently mediate htnfalpha-induced cytotoxicity in bhk-21 cells. | a recombinant bicistronic expression vector was constructed containing human tnf receptor-75 gene and encephalomyocarditis virus(emcv)internal ribosome entry site(ires), followed by a neomycin phosphotransferase gene as selectable marker. bhk-21 cells were transfected with this vector using electroporation method and positive clones overexpressing the genes of interest were obtained after selection with g-418. the expression of two htnfrs in those cells at rna transcriptional and the protein tra ... | 1999 | 12110927 |
| vpg unlinkase, the phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes the bond between vpg and picornavirus rna: a minimal nucleic moiety of the substrate. | vpg unlinkase is an unusual eukaryotic enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond between residues of the unique tyrosine of vpg (viral protein genome-linked) and the 5;-terminal uridylic acid of picornavirus rna. cellular targets of the vpg unlinking enzyme are yet unknown. to determine an essential nucleic part of the covalent linkage unit that is necessary for the vpg unlinkase reaction, the following derivatives of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) vpg-rna complex were u ... | 2002 | 12126467 |
| interferons specifically suppress the translation from the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis c virus through a double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. | interferon (ifn) therapy is used worldwide as the best available treatment for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection; however, little is known about how ifn or other drugs work against liver diseases. the effect of 6 drugs (glycyrrhizin, ursodeoxycholic acid, ribavirin, methylprednisolone, ifn-alpha, and ifn-beta) on hcv rna translation from the hcv internal ribosome entry site (ires) was investigated, using a bicistronic reporter containing the hcv ires. ifns suppressed both cap-dependent and hcv i ... | 2002 | 12134250 |
| the band iii ligand dipyridamole protects human rbcs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected. | recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (dip) in protecting rbcs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. in the present study, the use of dip for selective protection of rbcs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice. | 2002 | 12147025 |
| novel role for calcium-independent phospholipase a(2) in the macrophage antiviral response of inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression. | the double-stranded (ds) rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) is a primary regulator of antiviral responses; however, the ability of dsrna to activate nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappa b) and dsrna + interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) to stimulate inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) expression by macrophages isolated from pkr(-/-) mice suggests that signaling pathways in addition to pkr participate in antiviral activities. we have identified a novel phospholipid-signaling cascade that mediates macroph ... | 2002 | 12167650 |
| a new assay system for guinea pig interferon biological activity. | we have developed an assay system for guinea pig interferon (ifn) based on reduction of viral cytopathic effect (cpe) in various cell lines. cpe inhibition was detected optimally in the guinea pig fibroblast cell line 104c1 infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the amount of biologically active guinea pig ifn was quantified by estimating viable cell numbers colorimetrically by means of a tetrazolium compound, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium mono ... | 2002 | 12184917 |
| the antiviral response to gamma interferon. | a role for alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) in the ifn-gamma antiviral response has long been suggested. accordingly, possible roles for autocrine or double-stranded-rna (dsrna)-induced ifn-alpha/beta in the ifn-gamma response were investigated. use was made of wild-type and a variety of mutant human fibrosarcoma cell lines, including mutant u5a cells, which lack a functional ifn-alpha/beta receptor and hence an ifn-alpha/beta response. ifn-gamma did not induce detectable levels of ifn-alp ... | 2002 | 12186889 |
| transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) among pigs experimentally quantified. | two types of transmission experiments were performed to estimate the basic reproduction ratio r(0), indicating the level of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) transmission among pigs. in a first experimental set-up with nine separate pairs, one randomly chosen piglet per pair was inoculated with a belgian (myocardial) emcv strain (b279/95, 10(3)tcid(50)/ml oronasally) and placed back into the pen. in the second experiment with two separate groups of five piglets, two piglets in each group were in ... | 2002 | 12220806 |
| continuous heat shock enhances translational initiation directed by internal ribosomal entry site. | many cellular mrnas contain internal ribosomal entry sites (ires) that become functional under conditions of cellular stress, when the rate of protein synthesis for most cellular mrna is reduced. internal ribosomal entry increases in response to hypoxia, cell differentiation, apoptosis, gamma irradiation, and heat shock. heat shock is the principal cellular stress in which general cap-dependent translation is inhibited. on the other hand, heat shock induces the preferential translation of a smal ... | 2002 | 12237106 |
| incorporation of an additional viral-clearance step into a human immunoglobulin manufacturing process. | regulatory agencies have mandated that manufacturers of immunoglobulin products incorporate robust viral inactivation or removal steps into their purification processes. we evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating nanofiltration, a generic virus-clearance step, into an existing plasma-fractionation process for a human anti-d immunoglobulin product. | 2002 | 12366764 |
| pkr-dependent mechanisms of gene expression from a subgenomic hepatitis c virus clone. | studies on hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication have been greatly advanced by the development of cell culture models for hcv known as replicon systems. the prototype replicon consists of a subgenomic hcv rna in which the hcv structural region is replaced by the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene, and translation of the hcv proteins ns3 to ns5 is directed by the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires). the interferon (ifn)-inducible protein kinase pkr plays a ... | 2002 | 12368306 |
| differential requirements for copi coats in formation of replication complexes among three genera of picornaviridae. | picornavirus rna replication requires the formation of replication complexes (rcs) consisting of virus-induced vesicles associated with viral nonstructural proteins and rna. brefeldin a (bfa) has been shown to strongly inhibit rna replication of poliovirus but not of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). here, we demonstrate that the replication of parechovirus 1 (parv1) is partly resistant to bfa, whereas echovirus 11 (ev11) replication is strongly inhibited. since bfa inhibits copi-dependent step ... | 2002 | 12368353 |
| impact of coexpression and coamplification of sicam and antiapoptosis determinants bcl-2/bcl-x(l) on productivity, cell survival, and mitochondria number in cho-dg44 grown in suspension and serum-free media. | we have engineered dihydrofolate reductase-negative (dhfr-/-) chinese hamster ovary (cho) dg44 cells adapted for growth in serum-free suspension cultures for simultaneous expression of the common cold therapeutic, the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sicam), and the antiapoptosis determinants bcl-2 or bcl-x(l). detailed analyses of titer and antiapoptosis characteristics of these production cell lines included an independent (sicam; bcl-2/bcl-x(l)) as well as a cocistronic (sicam-(bcl- ... | 2002 | 12378612 |
| left ventricular pressure-volume relationship in a murine model of congestive heart failure due to acute viral myocarditis. | this study, performed in a murine model of encephalomyocarditis virus myocarditis, used a new millar 1.4f conductance-micromanometer system for the in vivo determination of the left ventricular (lv) pressure-volume relationship (pvr). | 2002 | 12392843 |
| viral pharmacovigilance study of haemophiliacs receiving porcine factor viii. | porcine factor viii (fviii; hyate:c; speywood biopharm ltd, uk) has been used since 1980 for the treatment both of patients with acquired haemophilia and those with congenital haemophilia and inhibitory antibodies. each batch is extensively screened using cell-culture techniques to confirm the absence of viruses. the production process does not incorporate specific virucidal treatment steps, such as heat treatment or the addition of a solvent/detergent mixture. low levels of porcine parvovirus w ... | 2002 | 12410650 |
| protection of cap-dependent protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro with an eif4g-1 variant highly resistant to cleavage by coxsackievirus 2a protease. | the shutoff of host protein synthesis by certain picornaviruses is mediated, at least in part, by proteolytic cleavage of eif4g-1. previously, we developed a cleavage site variant of eif4g-1, termed eif4g-1(sm), that was 100-fold more resistant to in vitro cleavage by coxsackievirus 2a protease (2a(pro)) than wild-type eif4g-1 (eif4g-1(wt)), but it was still digested at high protease concentrations. here we identified a secondary cleavage site upstream of the primary site. we changed gly at the ... | 2003 | 12475969 |
| conversion of 48s translation preinitiation complexes into 80s initiation complexes as revealed by toeprinting. | a method of analysis of translation initiation complexes by toeprinting has recently acquired a wide application to investigate molecular mechanisms of translation initiation in eukaryotes. so far, this very fruitful approach was used when researchers did not aim to discriminate between patterns of toeprints for 48s and 80s translation initiation complexes. here, using cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry site (ires)-dependent mrnas, we show that the toeprint patterns for 48s and 80s compl ... | 2003 | 12505166 |
| establishment and characterization of two new pig cell lines for use in virological diagnostic laboratories. | two pig cell lines derived from kidney and trachea tissues and referred to as newborn swine kidney (nsk) and newborn pig trachea (nptr) were established following serial culture of primary cells. they were characterized by an epithelial-like morphology, high capacity to replicate and stability of the cell monolayer for several days after seeding. their modal chromosome number was modified in comparison to that of primary swine cells and they both displayed a transforming potential in vitro and d ... | 2003 | 12505635 |
| eukaryotic initiation factors 4g and 4a mediate conformational changes downstream of the initiation codon of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site. | initiation of translation of encephalomyocarditis virus mrna is mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) comprising structural domains h, i, j-k, and l immediately upstream of the initiation codon aug at nucleotide 834 (aug834). assembly of 48s ribosomal complexes on the ires requires eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif2), eif3, eif4a, and the central domain of eif4g to which eif4a binds. footprinting experiments confirmed that eif4g binds a three-way helical junction in the j-k domain ... | 2003 | 12509466 |
| [expression of d-amino acid oxidase gene and green fluorescence protein gene transferred into k562e cells by retroviral vector containing internal ribosome entry site sequence]. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) sequence was derived from encephalomyocarditis virus. it allows to translate two open reading frames at one mrna, so two genes conjoined by ires have the same expression rate. k(dfgc) and k(dfgd) cell lines, stably expressing d-amino acid oxidase (daao) gene and green fluorescence protein (gfp) genes, were obtained by transfection of k562e cells with retroviral vector pldfg containing ires sequence, daao cdna and gfp gene. fluorescence positive rate and fl ... | 2002 | 12513787 |
| regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by macrophages in response to double-stranded rna and viral infection. | in this study the regulation of macrophage expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in response to dsrna and virus infection was examined. treatment of raw 264.7 macrophages with dsrna results in cox-2 mrna accumulation and protein expression and the production of pge(2). similar to dsrna, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection of raw 264.7 cells stimulates cox-2 expression and pge(2) accumulation. the dsrna-dependent protein kinase (pkr), which has been shown to participate in the regulation ... | 2003 | 12517975 |
| carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus. | this study was designed to examine the effects of carvedilol in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. | 2003 | 12535832 |
| epstein-barr virus u leader exon contains an internal ribosome entry site. | eukaryotic translation can be initiated either by a cap-dependent mechanism or by internal ribosome entry, a process by which ribosomes are directly recruited to structured regions of mrna upstream of the initiation codon. here we report the finding of an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in the untranslated region of the epstein-barr nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1) gene. ebna1 is the only nuclear protein expressed in all known states of epstein-barr virus (ebv) latency and in the virus lytic cycle, ... | 2003 | 12555070 |
| stable expression of antisense rnas targeted to the 5' non-coding region confers heterotypic inhibition to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | the antiviral potential of transcripts targeted to the non-coding regions (ncrs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna have been studied during transient and constitutive expression in susceptible bhk-21 cells. transient expression of antisense transcripts corresponding to the 5' and 3'ncrs, alone or in combination, confers specific inhibition of homologous (serotype c) virus infection in bhk-21 cells. constitutive expression of antisense 5'ncr transcripts (5'as) exerted higher levels of in ... | 2003 | 12560572 |
| early onset of virus infection and up-regulation of cytokines in mice treated with cadmium and manganese. | a substantial database indicates that a large number of environmental pollutants, chemicals and therapeutic agents to which organisms are exposed cause immunotoxicity. the suppression of immune functions may cause increased susceptibility of the host to a variety of microbial pathogens potentially resulting in a life-threatening state. evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of chemical xenobiotics is of great concern and, therefore, we have investigated the impact of exposure of inorganic metal ... | 2003 | 12572694 |
| [internal ribosomal entry site-mediated expression of human multidrug resistance 1 gene in human cd34(+) cells] | in order to reach the purpose of co-transferring double drug resistance genes into human cd34(+) progenitor cells to broaden the spectrum of drug resistance, the expression efficiency of human multidrug resistance 1 (mdr1) gene mediated by the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) was investigated. two retroviral vectors were transferred into packaging cells. one is psf-dim containing double drug resistance genes, in which the translation of mdr1 gene was controlled under an ires from encephalomy ... | 2001 | 12578572 |
| embryonic stem cells attenuate viral myocarditis in murine model. | we used mice to test our hypothesis that in response to viral invasion, stem cells may migrate into the heart and attenuate the effect of viral myocarditis. male balb/c mice were divided into three groups: mouse embryonic stem (es) cell control, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), and emcv + es cells. after administration of es cells via tail vein, mice were immediately inoculated with emcv. mice were sacrificed at different days after emcv inoculation. mortality was recorded. inflammatory cell i ... | 2002 | 12588107 |
| a new look at viruses in type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes (t1d) results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. genetic factors are believed to be a major component for the development of t1d, but the concordance rate for the development of diabetes in identical twins is only about 40%, suggesting that nongenetic factors play an important role in the expression of the disease. viruses are one environmental factor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of t1d. to date, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with ... | 2003 | 12592641 |
| isg20, a new interferon-induced rnase specific for single-stranded rna, defines an alternative antiviral pathway against rna genomic viruses. | interferons (ifns) encode a family of secreted proteins that provide the front-line defense against viral infections. their diverse biological actions are thought to be mediated by the products of specific but usually overlapping sets of cellular genes induced in the target cells. we have recently isolated a new human ifn-induced gene that we have termed isg20, which codes for a 3' to 5' exonuclease with specificity for single-stranded rna and, to a lesser extent, for dna. in this report, we dem ... | 2003 | 12594219 |
| studies on interaction between htnf-alpha and its two receptors with expressed hstr55-pres1/hstr75-pres1 fusion soluble receptors. | the gene encoding the n-terminal 2-50 amino acids of hbsag-pres1 was amplified by pcr and fused to the 3'-end of two human soluble tnf receptor genes to form the hstr55-pres1/hstr75-pres1 fusion genes. the recombinant bicistronic expression vectors were further constructed, which contained one of the human soluble tnf receptor fusion genes and the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires), followed by the neomycin phosphotransferases as the selectable marker. bhk-21 c ... | 2003 | 12609545 |
| erk activation is required for double-stranded rna- and virus-induced interleukin-1 expression by macrophages. | double-stranded (ds) rna, which accumulates during viral replication, activates the antiviral response of infected cells. in this study, we have identified a requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in the regulation of interleukin 1 (il-1) expression by macrophages in response to dsrna and viral infection. treatment of raw 264.7 cells or mouse macrophages with dsrna stimulates erk phosphorylation that is first apparent following a 15-min incubation and persists for up to 60 m ... | 2003 | 12609986 |
| unr is required in vivo for efficient initiation of translation from the internal ribosome entry sites of both rhinovirus and poliovirus. | translation of picornavirus rnas is mediated by internal ribosomal entry site (ires) elements and requires both standard eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eifs) and ires-specific cellular trans-acting factors (itafs). unr, a cytoplasmic rna-binding protein that contains five cold-shock domains and is encoded by the gene upstream of n-ras, stimulates translation directed by the human rhinovirus (hrv) ires in vitro. to examine the role of unr in translation of picornavirus rnas in vivo, w ... | 2003 | 12610110 |
| amino acids 1-20 of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein specifically inhibit hcv ires-dependent translation in hepg2 cells, and inhibit both hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation in huh7 and cv-1 cells. | a self-modulating mechanism by the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein has been suggested to influence the level of hcv replication, but current data on this subject are contradictory. we examined the effect of wild-type and mutated core protein on hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation. the wild-type core protein was shown to inhibit both ires- and cap-dependent translation in an in vitro system. this effect was duplicated in a dose-dependent manner with a synthetic peptide representing amino ... | 2003 | 12655082 |
| enhanced antitumor effects of a bicistronic adenovirus vector expressing both herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 against hepatocellular carcinoma. | the efficacy of the suicide gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (hsv-tk/gcv) system for the treatment of cancer is limited because of the insufficient gene transfer and the low killing activity. to enhance the antitumor activity, we determined whether recombinant adenovirus vector (rad)s expressing both hsv-tk and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) genes could potentiate the destruction of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the rad ad-tk-mcp1 harboring h ... | 2003 | 12679798 |
| characterization of a novel rna-binding region of eif4gi critical for ribosomal scanning. | the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4gi binds several proteins and acts as a scaffold to promote preinitiation complex formation on the mrna molecule (48s). following mrna attachment this complex scans along the messenger in a 5' to 3' direction until it locates and recognizes the initiation start codon. by using a combination of retroviral and picornaviral proteases (hiv-2 and l respectively) in the reticulocyte lysate system, we have characterized a 40 amino acid (aa) region of eif ... | 2003 | 12682023 |
| individual differentiation of innate antiviral immunity in humans; the role of endogenous interferons and tumor necrosis factor in the immunity of leukocytes. | the natural antiviral immunity of human lymphocytes, leukocytes from peripheral blood and whole-blood cultures was studied using the method of infection with two viruses belonging to different taxonomic groups, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the kinetics of virus replication in the kinds of cultures and the dependence of culture infection on pre-infection incubation time were studied. when the cultures were infected immediately after preparation, most of ... | 2003 | 12691304 |
| problems associated with product enhancement reverse transcriptase assay using bacteriophage ms2 rna as a template. | in order to identify the reverse transcriptase activity in sera and conditioned media from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of large granular lymphocyte leukemia patients product enhanced reverse transcriptase activity (pert) assays were performed using bacteriophage ms2 rna as a template. all samples obtained from conditioned media of virus-infected cell lines as well as pbmcs of lymphocytic leukemia patients and normal healthy individuals tested positive with this assay. therefore th ... | 2003 | 12711064 |
| effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on the replication of encephalomyocarditis virus. | cellular phosphorylation events during viral infection are necessary for effective viral replication. encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus has been used for studies on the molecular mechanisms of viral replication, but little is known about the cellular signaling pathways involved. this investigation was initiated to determine whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), which are central components of signal transduction pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation, play a role in the rep ... | 2003 | 12719557 |
| molecular analysis of the capsid coding region of a virulent encephalomyocarditis virus isolate after serial cell passages and assessment of its virulence. | emcv has been recognized as a worldwide-shared pathogen in many host species with natural differences of virulence among strains. differences of virulence were also demonstrated experimentally after serial passages of particular emcv strains in cell culture. in order to evaluate the genetic variability of the ccr of an highly virulent belgian emcv isolate after 210 passages in cell culture, this region has been molecularly characterised by rt-pcr and sequencing. the analyses enlightened the stab ... | 2003 | 12721798 |
| cell-free synthesis of encephalomyocarditis virus. | we developed a system for complete replication of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in a test tube by using an in vitro translation extract from krebs-2 cells. efficient virus synthesis occurred in a narrow range of mg(2+) and emcv rna concentrations. excess input rna impaired rna replication and virus production but not translation. this suggests the existence of a negative-feedback mechanism for regulation of rna replication by the viral plus-strand rna or proteins. | 2003 | 12743313 |
| viral internal ribosome entry site structures segregate into two distinct morphologies. | an increasing number of viruses have been shown to initiate protein synthesis by a cap-independent mechanism involving internal ribosome entry sites (iress). predictions of the folding patterns of these rna motifs have been based primarily on sequence and biochemical analyses. biophysical confirmation of the models has been achieved only for the ires of hepatitis c virus (hcv), which adopts an open structure consisting of two major stems. we have conducted an extensive comparison of flavivirus a ... | 2003 | 12743317 |
| detection of trna-like structure through rnase p cleavage of viral internal ribosome entry site rnas near the aug start triplet. | the 9600-base rna genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in its first 370 bases, including the aug start triplet at bases 342-344. structural elements of this and other ires domains substitute for a 5' terminal cap structure in protein synthesis. recent work (nadal, a., martell, m., lytle, j. r., lyons, a. j., robertson, h. d., cabot, b., esteban, j. i., esteban, r., guardia, j., and gomez, j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 30606-30613) has demonstrated that the ... | 2003 | 12746454 |
| reduction of viral myocarditis in mice lacking perforin. | cellular immunity plays an important role and contributes to morbidity and mortality in the development of cardiomyopathy secondary to acute myocarditis. lymphocytotoxicity has been proposed as due to infiltrated cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). perforin is thought to be a major factor responsible for the cytolytic properties of the ctls. to investigate whether mice lacking perforin have enhanced severity of viral myocarditis and acceleration of myocardial apoptosis, perforin knockout (ko) mice w ... | 2001 | 12760490 |
| the genome-linked protein vpg of the norwalk virus binds eif3, suggesting its role in translation initiation complex recruitment. | the positive-strand rna genomes of caliciviruses are not capped, but are instead covalently linked at their 5' ends to a viral protein called vpg. the lack of a cap structure typical of eukaryotic mrna and absence of an internal ribosomal entry site suggest that vpg may function in translation initiation on calicivirus rna. this hypothesis was tested by analyzing binding of norwalk virus vpg to translation initiation factors. the eif3d subunit of eif3 was identified as a binding partner of vpg b ... | 2003 | 12773399 |
| genetic analysis of a theiler-like virus isolated from rats. | although cardioviruses related to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) appear to be common in mice and rats, few tmev isolates have been obtained from rat colonies. in 1991, a cardiovirus isolate designated ngs910 was obtained from sentinel rats exposed to cage bedding previously used by adult rats that were tmev seropositive, but had never manifested clinical signs of disease. to determine to which group and subgroup of cardiovirus this virus belongs, the sequence of the viral genome ... | 2003 | 12784854 |
| health status of a population of nutria (myocastor coypus) living in a protected area in italy. | ninety trapped nutria (myocastor coypus) from a protected area of piedmont (italy), including the po river, were examined for the prevalence for lesions in major viscera, selected serum antibodies and enteric bacteria. coccidial lesions in the liver included cholangitis, calcification and necrosis. renal lesions were nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis and a single case of renal adenocarcinoma. the lungs had a 41.1% prevalence of nonsuppurative interstitial pneumonia. ten of 87 sera (11.5%) ha ... | 2003 | 12801459 |
| antiviral activity of n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of lactarius sesquiterpenoid alcohols in vitro. | cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties of a new, originally synthesised group of compounds: the n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of sesquiterpenoid alcohols - derivatives of taxol and various sesquiterpenes of lactarius origin were evaluated in vitro. among 16 compounds tested, 6 decreased hsv-1 titres. selectivity indices ranged from 13.9 to 31.7. no activity against rna viruses (parainfluenza 3, coxsackie b3, vesicular stomatitis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus), bacter ... | 2003 | 12865976 |
| evaluation of sage phenolics for their antileishmanial activity and modulatory effects on interleukin-6, interferon and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-release in raw 264.7 cells. | a series of sage phenolics was tested for activity against a panel of leishmania parasites and for immunomodulatory effects on macrophage functions including release of tumour necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interferon (ifn)-like activities. for this, functional bioassays were employed including an in vitro model for leishmaniasis in which macrophage-like raw 264.7 cells were infected with leishmania parasites, an extracellular leishmania growth-inhibition assay, a fibroblast-ly ... | 2003 | 12872935 |
| a potent and specific morpholino antisense inhibitor of hepatitis c translation in mice. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an rna virus infecting one in every 40 people worldwide. current treatments are ineffective and hcv is the leading cause of liver failure leading to transplantation in the united states and europe. translational control of hcv is a prime therapeutic target. we assessed the inhibitory potential of morpholino phosphoramidate antisense oligonucleotides (morpholinos) on hcv translation by codelivering them with reporter plasmids expressing firefly luciferase under the tran ... | 2003 | 12883495 |
| viral stress-inducible protein p56 inhibits translation by blocking the interaction of eif3 with the ternary complex eif2.gtp.met-trnai. | viral stress-inducible protein p56 is produced in response to viral stress-inducing agents such as double-stranded rna and interferon, as well as other poorly understood mechanisms of viral infection. it has been shown previously that p56 is able to bind the eukaryotic initiation factor 3e(eif3e) (p48/int-6) subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif3 and function as an inhibitor of translation in vitro and in vivo. the exact mechanism by which p56 is able to interfere with prot ... | 2003 | 12885778 |
| increased cardiac weight in interleukin-6 transgenic mice with viral infection accompanies impaired expression of natriuretic peptide genes. | atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) and b-type natriuretic peptide (bnp) regulate cardiac hypertrophy. we investigated ventricular alterations of anp and bnp in interleukin-6 (il-6) transgenic mice (tg) and wild type (wt) mice with or without viral infection. the anp and bnp mrna/gapdh mrna ratios in the ventricles of il-6 tg mice were twice that of wt mice, but were not increased significantly by viral inoculation. in wt mice, both anp and bnp responses were significantly increased in the ventricl ... | 2001 | 12889519 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| cell cycle regulation of hepatitis c and encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. | we have established stably transformed human embryonic kidney cell lines (hek293) containing bicistronic constructs to study regulation of viral internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation in vivo. these cells produce renilla luciferase (rluc) in a cap-dependent manner, while firefly luciferase (luc) synthesis is mediated by ires elements. using these cell lines, we demonstrate here that ires-mediated translation directed by both hepatitis c (hcv) and encephalomyocarditis (emcv) vir ... | 2003 | 12902037 |
| a wild-type porcine encephalomyocarditis virus containing a short poly(c) tract is pathogenic to mice, pigs, and cynomolgus macaques. | previous studies using wild-type encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and mengo virus, which have long poly(c) tracts (61 to 146 c's) at the 5' nontranslated region of the genome, and variants of these viruses genetically engineered to truncate or substitute the poly(c) tracts have produced conflicting data on the role of the poly(c) tract in the virulence of these viruses. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of an emcv strain isolated from an aborted swine fetus (emcv 30/87) revealed that the viru ... | 2003 | 12915530 |
| antiviral activity of limitin against encephalomyocarditis virus, herpes simplex virus, and mouse hepatitis virus: diverse requirements by limitin and alpha interferon for interferon regulatory factor 1. | limitin has sequence homology with alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) and ifn-beta and utilizes the ifn-alpha/beta receptor. however, it has no influence on the proliferation of normal myeloid and erythroid progenitors. in this study, we show that limitin has antiviral activity in vitro as well as in vivo. limitin inhibited not only cytopathic effects in encephalomyocarditis virus- or herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1-infected l929 cells, but also plaque formation in mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) type 2 ... | 2003 | 12915574 |
| optimal conditions for the production of sulfated polysaccharide by marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03. | a marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03 produced sulfated exopolysaccharide designated as p-kg03, which showed a strong antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). to optimize culture conditions for the production of p-kg03, mineral salts, vitamins, plant growth hormones, temperature, ph and light conditions were examined. from this study, m-kg03 medium for the maximum production of p-kg03 was suggested as follows; nh(4)cl 75 microm, nah(3)po(4) 200 microm, nahco(3) ... | 2003 | 12919808 |
| pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in piglets during the viraemia phase: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study. | six piglets aged 20 days were inoculated oranasally with 5 ml of a suspension (10(6) tcid(50)/ml) of a greek myocardial strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the animals either died (n=2) or were killed for examination on days 1,2 or 3 post-inoculation (pi). emcv was isolated from virtually all organs examined (heart, tonsils, palatine glands, pancreas, spleen, small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes). histopathologically, interstitial myocarditis, necrosis of cardiac muscle cells and ... | 2003 | 12921722 |
| encephalomyocarditis viral protein 2a localizes to nucleoli and inhibits cap-dependent mrna translation. | panels of monoclonal antibodies were raised against viral non-structural proteins of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and used to probe infected cells in laser confocal microscopy experiments and western analyses. surprisingly, all mengovirus and emcv-infected cells showed strong targeting of protein 2a, 3b(vpg), 3c(pro), and 3d(pol) signals to cellular nuclei, in particular to nucleoli, from the earliest times of infection. viral capsid proteins (1ab, 1c, and 1d) and other non-structural prote ... | 2003 | 12921995 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) proteins 2a and 3bcd localize to nuclei and inhibit cellular mrna transcription but not rrna transcription. | we have followed the viral processing cascade and polyprotein precursor fates during encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection of hela cells using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). within the first 2-4 h of infection, signals of antibodies specific for the 2a, 3b(vpg), 3c(pro) and 3d(pol) proteins were found to co-localize in nucleoli at the rrna synthesis and cellular protein b23 (nucleophosmin) sites. cellular fractionation identified viral protein precursor 3bcd as the common source ... | 2003 | 12921996 |