Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparative analysis of hiv-1 and hiv-2 indeterminate western blot patterns. | a comparison of hiv-1 and hiv-2 indeterminate western blot patterns of ghanaian sera collected between 1989 and 1990 was made. antibodies to group specific antigen (gag) gene products were most frequently detected both hiv-1 and hiv-2 indeterminate sera. hiv-2 gag gene product p26 was shown to be a non-specific indicator of infection. antibody to gp120, and envelope gene product of hiv-1 never occurred in indeterminate sera whereas antibodies to all the envelope gene products of hiv-2 were detec ... | 1994 | 7841107 |
| enhanced diagnostic efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction by co-amplification of multiple regions of hiv-1 and hiv-2. | a method for co-amplification of multiple viral sequences of hiv-1 and hiv-2 by polymerase chain reaction was designed. the technique resulted in the specific detection of each type of virus and allowed the amplification of as few as two copies of target dna. the amplification of multiple regions of the viral genome offers the advantage of detecting multiple target sequences, which may be essential for some viruses, such as hiv, that exhibit a high degree of variability in their gene sequences. ... | 1994 | 7829590 |
| antigenic variation of primate lentiviruses in humans and experimentally infected macaques. | neutralizing antibodies in primate lentivirus infections closely parallel the pathogenic process. fast progression to disease is concomitant with lack of neutralizing antibodies to autologous virus. slow or no progression to disease is linked with production of neutralizing antibodies to autologous virus. moreover, there is evidence from the monkey model that the extent to which neutralizing antibodies cross-react may also be linked with the pathogenic process. accordingly, slow progression to d ... | 1994 | 7821925 |
| [adult t-cell leukemia associated with htlv-1 in a hiv-2 seropositive african]. | the aim of this report is to describe an hiv-2 seropositive patient from mali who had adult-t cell leukaemia/lymphoma associated with htlv-i infection. | 1994 | 7793759 |
| seroepidemiological associations between tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis b, and aids in west africa. | serum samples from 51 patients with malaria, 35 patients with hepatitis b virus infection, 111 patients with tuberculosis, and 166 healthy controls were studied to determine any associations between tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis b, and aids in nigeria, west africa. all serum samples were examined for the presence of hiv-1/hiv-2, hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), and malaria antibodies. only one patient was hiv-1 antibody-positive and none hiv-2 antibody-positive. statistical associat ... | 1994 | 8046426 |
| envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 alters ion transport in astrocytes: implications for aids dementia complex. | infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is often complicated by a variety of neurological abnormalities. the most common clinical syndrome, termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) dementia complex, presents as a subcortical dementia with cognitive, motor, and behavioral disturbances and is unique to hiv-1 infection. the pathogenesis of this syndrome is poorly understood but is believed to involve interactions among virally infected macrophages/microglia, astrocytes, and ... | 1994 | 8290553 |
| infectious aids--stretching the germ theory beyond its limits. | the hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) causes aids was advanced in 1984, based only on circumstantial evidence. to this date, the primary evidence are correlations between the presence of antibody against hiv and aids. but these correlations are biased by proponents of the hiv hypothesis in favour of hiv. they ignore hiv-free aids and they base correlations on selected studies because there are no national hiv-aids statistics. the hiv-aids hypothesis has made the following predic ... | 1994 | 8292899 |
| oral hairy leukoplakia in a patient with ulcerative colitis. | a 30-year-old man with ulcerative colitis developed oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl). serological examination for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2 infection showed no abnormalities. biopsy specimen of the lateral tongue showed ballooned prickle cells, and electron microscopy revealed herpes-type viruses. immunologic investigation of the patient showed a marked decrease in t-helper cells as a result of immunosuppressive regimen. the present report appears to be the first well-documented ... | 1994 | 8299917 |
| differential replication and pathogenic effects of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in macaca nemestrina. | hiv-1 and hiv-2 isolates representing various geographic regions and distinct viral subtypes were examined for their ability to establish both in vitro and in vivo productive infections of macaca nemestrina (pigtail macaque) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | 1994 | 8031510 |
| prevalence of hiv-1 infection in rural, semi-urban and urban villages in southwest tanzania: estimates from a blood-donor study. | to measure the prevalence of hiv-1 infection in different subgroups of blood donors and to identify groups at high risk of acquiring hiv-1. | 1994 | 7946108 |
| specific ablation of human immunodeficiency virus tat-expressing cells by conditionally toxic retroviruses. | the identification of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the etiologic agent of aids has led to the proposal of novel intervention strategies to block hiv infection and viral replication or eliminate hiv-infected cells. we have produced recombinant retroviruses for a molecular ablation system, whereby a toxin gene can be delivered to hematopoietic cells for the specific elimination of hiv tat-expressing cells. for this cell-specific ablation, we have coupled the conditional toxin herpes simpl ... | 1994 | 8278395 |
| long-standing protection of macaques against cell-free hiv-2 with a hiv-2 iscom vaccine. | we investigated the capacity of two immunostimulating-complex (iscom) formulations including inactivated native hiv-2 viral proteins and selected peptides to induce protective immunity against hiv-2 in a nonhuman primate. four cynomolgus monkeys were first immunized with five i.m. injections of purified detergent-disrupted hiv-2 virions (total dose, 0.7 mg) in iscoms over a period of 16 months. at months 18 and 20, all four macaques were given booster immunizations with iscom-coupled v3-derived ... | 1994 | 8176640 |
| binding of human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1) gp120 to galactosylceramide (galcer): relationship to the v3 loop. | the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is the cd4 molecule. however, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that some cells that do not express the cd4 receptor can be infected by hiv-1 and hiv-2, indicating that an alternative mechanism of infection must exist for some cell types. recently it was reported that antibodies against the glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide (gal beta 1-1'cer;galcer), blocked infection of several cd4 negative cell lines derived from the b ... | 1994 | 8184533 |
| kinetic and modeling studies of subsites s4-s3' of moloney murine leukemia virus protease. | the substrate specificity of the moloney murine leukemia virus protease (mo-mulv pr) was analyzed by using the oligopeptide substrate val-ser-gln-asn-tyr decreases pro-ile-val-gln-nh2 and a series of analogs containing single amino acid substitutions in the p4-p3' positions. mo-mulv pr appears to act similarly to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prs, except for peptides having substitutions at p4 and p2 positions. mo-mulv pr shows a strong preference for the analogs having hydrophobic resi ... | 1994 | 8207003 |
| laboratory diagnosis of hiv infection. | in this article the authors describe the necessity of being able to test human blood for pathogens and, in particular, hiv. hiv serodiagnostic techniques are then described as follows. detection of hiv-specific antibodies can be done by using one or more screening procedures. these are the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and two tests, generally called the rapid test and the simple test. when using elisa, the following antigens are used to detect hiv antibodies synthetic peptides, ... | 1994 | 8207274 |
| construction and characterization of a potent hiv-2 tat transdominant mutant protein. | the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) tat proteins tat-1 and tat-2 stimulate transcription of the viral long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences and are required for efficient viral replication. a class of mutant tat proteins, termed "transdominant mutants," has been described that possesses relatively low transactivation activity, yet is able to inhibit the function of wild-type tat. these mutant proteins contain a nonfunctional tar rna-binding domain but apparently retai ... | 1994 | 8207644 |
| risk factors for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection in pregnant women in dakar, senegal. | this study examines the prevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) infection in pregnant women in dakar, senegal. from april 1991 to january 1993, 9,518 pregnant women were interviewed and serologically tested for antibodies to hiv-1 and hiv-2; 26 (0.3%) were hiv-1 seropositive, 44 (0.5%) were hiv-2 seropositive, two (0.02%) were dually seropositive, and 9,448 (99.3%) were seronegative. guinea-bissau nationality and age > 25 years were associat ... | 1994 | 8207649 |
| identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in a new zealand resident. | to determine the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types infecting a west african immigrant to new zealand. to develop an hiv type 2 specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 1994 | 8208481 |
| diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-hiv 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay. | a new anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (anti-hiv 1 and 2) test is described. it uses recombinant p24 and peptides covering gp32, gp41, and gp120 to identify hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections. this test has been shown to be specific (99.5%) and sensitive (99.8%). in this respect, the assay was equal or superior to anti-hiv 1 and 2 tests run as references. the test was able to discriminate sera from patients with hiv infections from those from uninfected individuals with excellence; it also ... | 1994 | 8150950 |
| evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope gene in preimmunized and persistently infected rhesus macaques. | the v3 and v4 domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) env genes from 14 rhesus macaques experimentally infected by hiv-2 sbl6669/h5 were sequenced. no variation was observed in viral sequences from sera and from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells during primary infection. the first mutations were detected 17 months after infection; they mainly concerned the region between the v3 and v4 domains and not those domains themselves, which are known to be hypervariable, sugges ... | 1994 | 8151803 |
| specificity of antipeptide antibodies produced against v2 and v3 regions of the external envelope of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | the v2 region of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and v3 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) have been reported to be neutralization epitopes. we analysed the corresponding regions in hiv-2. synthetic peptides modeling the v2 (aa 149-168) and v3 (cv3: aa 298-315 and nv3: aa 306-324) regions of the hiv-2 external envelope glycoprotein were coupled to klh and used as immunogens in rabbits. we characterized the resulting antiv2 and antiv3 antibodies for their ability to recogni ... | 1994 | 8152439 |
| prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies in tuberculosis patients in lagos, nigeria. | to establish the prevalence of hiv antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 536 new cases presenting with symptoms of bronchopulmonary disorders were randomly selected from the six referral chest clinics in lagos and screened for tuberculosis and hiv infections. sputum and serum samples were obtained from all the patients. the sputum samples were examined for acid-fast bacilli (afb) by both microscopy and culture. the sera were screened for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies by elisa and conf ... | 1994 | 8170009 |
| triterpene derivatives that block entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into cells. | a series of triterpene compounds characterized by a stringent structure-activity relationship were identified as potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication. currently studied botulinic derivatives have 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50) against hiv-1 strain iiib/lai in the 10 nm range in several cellular infection assays but are inactive against hiv-2. these compounds did not significantly inhibit the in vitro activities of several purified hiv-1 ... | 1994 | 8170948 |
| multiple cis-acting elements in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 enhancer mediate the response to t-cell receptor stimulation by antigen in a t-cell hybridoma line. | transcription directed by the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat (hiv-2 ltr) responds to t-cell antigen receptor signaling. agents that stimulate t-cell signaling pathways activated by the antigen receptor, such as phorbol ester, plant lectin, or anti-cd3 antibody treatment, have been shown to increase transcription directed by the hiv-2 ltr. in this study, we examine the activation of the hiv-2 ltr in t cells stimulated with the physiologic ligand of the t-cell receptor, a ... | 1994 | 8142652 |
| in vitro characterization of nonpeptide irreversible inhibitors of hiv proteases. | the irreversible inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) proteases by 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (epnp) and eight haloperidol derivatives has been studied. epnp specifically inhibits hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteases with a stoichiometry of one epnp molecule/dimeric enzyme. the site of modification of hiv-2 protease by epnp has been unambiguously identified as asp-25 using high performance tandem mass spectrometry. the haloperidol derivatives assayed consist ... | 1994 | 8144659 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in 2 seamen of the northwest of spain]. | the first two cases of hiv-2 infection in autoctonous spanish subjects are presented. two sailors (62 and 42 years of age) of galician origin who travelled to east african countries are reported. the epidemiologic, clinico-evolutive characteristics--with manifestations similar to hiv-1 infection (oral candidiasis and villous leukoplasia)--, and therapeutic response to zidovudine are described. the risk of hiv-2 infection in sailors travelling to africa and the absence of opportunistic infections ... | 1994 | 8133709 |
| determination of michellamine b in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. | the national cancer institute is pursuing preclinical development of michellamine b (mb), a novel dimeric polyhydroxylated naphthalene-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from ancistrocladus abbreviatus, as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) agent. mb protects human lymphoid cells from the cytopathic effects of both hiv-1 and hiv-2 in vitro. a specific, sensitive, and convenient method for assaying the compound in biological fluids has been developed. samples were prepared for analy ... | 1994 | 8135366 |
| genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) mixed infections in india reveals a recent spread of hiv-1 and hiv-2 from a single ancestor for each of these viruses. | dna sequences encoding the surface envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) were amplified by pcr from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with serologically defined hiv-1/hiv-2 mixed infections from bombay, india. hiv-1-specific pcr products were obtained in seven of seven randomly chosen doubly reactive cases, while hiv-2-specific sequences were detected in five of seven cases (71%). dna sequence analysis showed t ... | 1994 | 8139000 |
| variability of the env gene in cynomolgus macaques persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ben. | the sequence variability of distinct regions of the proviral env gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ben (hiv-2ben) isolated sequentially over 3 to 4 years from six experimentally infected macaques was studied. the regions investigated were homologous to the v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, and v7 hypervariable regions identified in the env genes of hiv-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac, respectively. in contrast to findings with hiv-1 and sivmac, the v1- and v2-homologous regions wer ... | 1994 | 8139054 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors: evaluation of resistance engendered by amino acid substitutions in the enzyme's substrate binding site. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease is a homodimeric aspartyl endopeptidase that is required for virus replication. a number of specific, active-site inhibitors for this enzyme have been described. many of the inhibitors exhibit significant differences in activity against the hiv-1 and hiv type 2 (hiv-2) enzymes. an initial study was conducted to ascertain the hiv-1 protease's potential to lose sensitivity to several test inhibitors while retaining full enzymatic activity. t ... | 1994 | 8117657 |
| two neutralizing domains in the v3 region in the envelope glycoprotein gp125 of hiv type 2. | the purposes of this study were to map the targets for neutralizing abs in the hiv-2 glycoproteins with particular emphasis on the role of the v3 region. sera obtained from guinea pig immunized with peptides representing five immunogenic regions of the envelope proteins were used in cross-neutralization experiments with nine hiv-2 isolates. broad cross-neutralizing activity was elicited by immunization with two peptides representing the central and cooh-terminal portions of the hiv-2 v3 loop. mu ... | 1994 | 8120399 |
| hiv-2 viral protein x association with the gag p27 capsid protein. | vpx is a 16 kda accessory protein expressed in cells infected with hiv-2 and most siv strains and is packaged into virus particles. in order to define the requirements for incorporation of vpx into virions, vpx and hiv-2 gag-pol were expressed independently from a vaccinia virus-based transient expression system. under these conditions, vpx was exported from transfected cells only when coexpressed with the hiv-2 gag-pol plasmid. a 27 kda protein coprecipitating with vpx was found to have an iden ... | 1994 | 8122374 |
| transfer of an anti-hiv-1 ribozyme gene into primary human lymphocytes. | we reported previously that human cd4+ t cell lines stably expressing a hairpin ribozyme targeted to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) u5 leader sequence were resistant to challenge with diverse hiv-1 viral clones and clinical isolates (yamada et al., 1994). to simulate more closely the in vivo infection process for investigations of anti-hiv-1 ribozyme gene therapy, we developed a system to transfer this ribozyme gene into freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) ... | 1994 | 7833371 |
| comparative study of single and nested pcr for the detection of proviral hiv2 dna. | we have tested seven pairs of primers for the detection of hiv2 dna by single pcr in positive cultures from 21 infected patients. four of these primer pairs were then used in a comparative study of single and nested pcr for the detection of hiv2 in fresh lymphocytes from 33 patients infected by the virus. hiv2 dna was detected in 17 of the 33 patients (51.5%) by single pcr and 29/33 (88%) by nested pcr. all the patients negative in both nested and single pcr were asymptomatic and had cd4+ lympho ... | 1994 | 7839012 |
| broadly reactive hiv-2 and sivmac specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in immunized and infected cynomolgus monkeys. | antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) was analysed in groups of cynomolgus monkeys that had been immunized with either hiv-2 (strains sbl6669 or sbl-k135) or sivmac. hiv-2- and sivmac-infected monkeys were also studied for adcc. sequential serum samples were collected from the animals, which were followed for 1 to 3 years. sera from the hiv-2-immunized monkeys had adcc against both homologous and heterologous hiv-2 strains as well as cross-reactivity against sivmac-infected target cell ... | 1994 | 7839725 |
| oligosaccharide profiles of hiv-2 external envelope glycoprotein: dependence on host cells and virus isolates. | the glycosylation pattern of the external envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was studied in dependence on host cells and virus isolates. strains hiv-2alt, hiv-2rod and hiv-2d194, differing in their biological properties and in the amino acid sequences of their env genes, were propagated in molt4, hut78 and u937 cells, in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the presence of [6-3h]glucosamine. radiolabelled viral glycoproteins were isola ... | 1994 | 7827409 |
| cellular adherence enhances hiv replication in monocytic cells. | cellular adherence is important for monocyte migration and function and is known to induce monocyte activation, leading to the production of mrna for several proto-oncogenes and cytokines. in addition, since cellular adherence has important intracellular signalling function, it has the potential to enhance human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication in monocytic cells. we have investigated the effects of adhesion of the monocytic cell line thp-1 transfected with hiv1 or hiv2 long terminal rep ... | 1994 | 7800938 |
| viral rna-binding activity of hiv-2 nucleocapsid protein is inhibited by a synthetic peptide containing the first zinc finger motif of hiv-2. | to analyze the antigenic structure and viral rna-binding activity of hiv-2gh-1 nucleocapsid protein (nc). | 1994 | 7802975 |
| serological survey of hiv-1, hiv-2 and human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 for suspected aids cases in ghana. | to determine seroprevalence among suspected aids patients in ghana in relation to clinical manifestations. | 1994 | 7802977 |
| the african aids case definition and hiv serology in medical in-patients at komfo anokye teaching hospital, kumasi, ghana. | in 914 consecutive medical admissions to komfo anokye teaching hospital, the prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-i) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was 12.6%. the prevalence in females was twice that found in males. the infection rate was maximum in the age group 25-29 years for females (45%) and 30-34 years for males (29%). there were 7 cases infected with hiv-2 alone, 55 cases infected with hiv-i alone and 53 cases with dual infection. the case ... | 1994 | 7803336 |
| hiv type 2 proviral load measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction correlates with cd4+ lymphopenia in hiv type 2-infected individuals. | the efficiency of detection of 2 sets of primer pairs from putatively conserved regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) genome were assessed in 86 seropositive individuals from the gambia by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). hiv-2 long terminal repeat (ltr) target sequences were detected in dna extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in 84 of 86 (97%) individuals whereas hiv-2 integrase (pol) gene sequences were detected in 39 of 41 (95%) individuals. t ... | 1994 | 7811534 |
| multicenter evaluation of a fully automated screening test, vidas hiv 1 + 2, for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | a multicenter study was done to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of a new screening test for the simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) antibodies. the vidas hiv 1 + 2 (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) is a fully automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay that uses synthetic peptides from immunodominant regions of gp41 of hiv-1 and gp36 of hiv-2 as antigens. a total of 2,984 samples were evaluated with this system in six ... | 1994 | 7814498 |
| microtube batch protein crystallization: applications to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) protease and human renin. | for therapeutically relevant targets, the evaluation of enzymes in complex with their inhibitors by cocrystallization and high resolution structural analysis has become a vital component of structure-driven drug design and development. two approaches, hanging drop vapor diffusion and a novel microtube batch method, were utilized in parallel to grow crystals of recombinant hiv-2 protease and recombinant human renin in complex with inhibitors. in the case of hiv-2 protease in complex with a reduce ... | 1994 | 7824526 |
| hiv-2 and its neurological manifestations. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) produces a similar spectrum of illness as hiv-1, including aids, and is clinically indistinguishable. there is evidence that it is less pathogenic, with a longer natural history. hiv-2 infection is endemic in west africa, especially in the former portuguese and french colonies. trade, migration, war and tourism have been important factors in the spread of the virus through the subregion and beyond. diagnostic facilities necessary for the accurate d ... | 1994 | 7825087 |
| early detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. a comparative study with the results of second-generation immunoassays and western blot. | the aim of the study was to examine the sensitivity and the specificity of a hiv-1/hiv-2 third-generation enzyme immunoassay, the abbott recombinant hiv-1/hiv-2 third-generation enzyme immunoassay, which is reported to detect simultaneously igg and igm. sensitivity was evaluated with sera from seropositive subjects and a series of samples from eight hiv-1 seroconverting subjects. results were compared with western blot, second-generation immunoassays (including vidas hiv-1 + 2) and an hiv-1 anti ... | 1994 | 7856933 |
| the molecular epidemiology of hiv in asia. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was introduced readily into asia and has quickly spread between asian states through both parenteral and sexual modes of transmission. only 1 year after thailand's epidemic wave among intravenous drug users (idus) in 1988, the virus spread to the adjacent myanmar and malaysia, and another year later idus were infected in parts of india and china bordering myanmar. several methods can be used to quantify the genetic diversity, divergence, or variation within ... | 1994 | 7857556 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in cornea donors. | routine screening of cornea donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) has been established and has reduced the risk of hiv-1 transmission to a minimum. screening for hiv-2 is less common. we evaluated 100 cornea donors for hiv-2 and 166 cornea donors for hiv-1 according to our routine screening procedure. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with high sensitivity were used to detect antibodies in donor blood. hiv-2 seroconversion was not found in any of the 100 cases tested, ... | 1994 | 7864930 |
| immunization with virion-derived glycoprotein 130 from hiv-2 or siv protects macaques against challenge virus grown in human or simian cells or prepared ex vivo. | we have compared in the macaque model the efficacy of the virion-derived glycoprotein of hiv-2ben (hiv-2 gp130) with that of sivmac251/32h (siv gp130). the latter vaccination trial was in part combined with vaccinia virus (vv) priming. both antigen preparations induced a strong humoral, but a weak cellular, immune response. the first challenge was performed with autologous virus grown on a human t cell line. more than 50% of the monkeys immunized with hiv-2 gp130 (five of nine) and 63% of the mo ... | 1994 | 7865316 |
| comparative functional analysis of the various lentivirus long terminal repeats in human colon carcinoma cell line (sw480 cells) and feline renal cell line (crfk cells). | basal promoter activities of various lentiviral long terminal repeats (ltrs) in a human colon carcinoma cell line (sw480 cells) and a feline renal cell line (crfk cells) were examined by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) assay using the ltr-cat reporter plasmids. in sw480 cells, the basal promoter activities induced by ltrs of visna virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev), and simian immunodeficiency virus (sivagm) were moderate, and those induced by ltrs of human immunodefi ... | 1994 | 7865591 |
| hiv antibodies among intravenous drug users in bahrain. | a 12-month study was conducted to identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections among intravenous drug users (idu) attending drug rehabilitation clinic of the psychiatric hospital, manama, bahrain. patients provided demographic and behavioural information based on a questionnaire. two hundred and forty male idus participated in the study on voluntary basis. the seroprevalence of hiv was 21.1 per cent. the presence of hiv antibody was associated with educational status, ... | 1994 | 7868834 |
| prevalence of hiv infection and high-risk characteristics among leprosy patients of south india; a case-control study. | with the observation of the occurrence of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among leprosy patients in our pilot study carried out in tamil nadu, south india, a case-control study was planned to explore whether hiv infection is a risk factor for leprosy and to understand the characteristics of hiv infection and high-risk behaviors among leprosy patients. we screened 556 patients and 1004 nonleprosy controls (matching 502 cases for age, sex and area of residence) for hiv-1 and hiv-2 ... | 1994 | 7868949 |
| early helper t-cell dysfunction in simian immunodeficiency virus but not in human immunodeficiency virus type-2-infected macaques. | both naive and vaccinated macaques acquired a virus-specific proliferative helper t-cell reactivity in response to infection with the nonpathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). in contrast, macaques infected with the pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus of the macaque strain (sivmac) did not develop a helper t-cell response. furthermore, a vaccine-induced preexisting t-cell reactivity was abrogated after sivmac infection in vaccine failures. these differences may reflect the ... | 1994 | 7869358 |
| [problems in the diagnosis of aids]. | diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection depends mainly on the detection of hiv-specific antibodies in the serum. if a seropositive patient has symptoms and signs of aids indicator diseases he (or she) will be diagnosed as having aids. if a patient is seronegative to hiv, some other diseases should be evaluated to explain the symptom related to the immunodeficiency. however, diagnosis of aids may be possible when a patient has aids indicator diseases and decreased cd4 positive c ... | 1994 | 7869588 |
| cardiac morbidity in the human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to evaluate the cardiac involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1994 | 7873220 |
| siv- and hiv-2-neutralising antibodies in infected macaques measured by a novel and simple neutralisation test based on a non-commercial antigen-elisa. | a method for the measurement of neutralising antibodies (nab) directed against sivmac or hiv-2 was developed. the assay is based on antigen detection using a non-commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). studies were carried out to determine the influence of the test conditions on the nab titre. the sensitivity of the assay depended mainly on the virus dose and the length of incubation of the serum-virus-mixture. prolongation of the culture time from 9 to 11 days increased the validi ... | 1994 | 7714049 |
| epidemiology of viral infections in the swedish blood-donor population. | the epidemiological situation regarding blood-borne infections in sweden is favourable and under very good control. the prevalence of infectious markers in the blood-donor population is low. in 1993 the frequencies of confirmed positive tests were three in 1,000,000 for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1), one in 100,000 for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and three in 100,000 for hepatitis c virus (hcv). the safety of the blood supply is high and relies on strict donor selection, information on ... | 1994 | 7749044 |
| serum antibodies from ms patients do not recognize htlv-i, hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv. | a retroviral aetiology has been proposed for multiple sclerosis (ms). although there is as yet no definitive evidence of viral involvement, there have been preliminary reports of antiretroviral antibody detection in sera from ms patients. such sera have, for example, been found to react with htlv-i. we here describe investigations involving various immunological techniques which attempt to confirm the virus-specific nature of these antibodies against a range of human and macaque retroviruses. se ... | 1994 | 7917220 |
| a seroepidemiological study of human immunodeficiency virus infection in northeast zaire. | to evaluate the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in an endemic african area, we have studied 134 patients from northeast zaire. sera were tested for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies to asses cross-reactivity or a possible double infection. sixty five (48.5%) serum samples were reactive for hiv-1 and six (4.5%) for hiv-2 using specific western blots. the enzyme immunoassays used to detect hiv-2 showed cross-reactivity with hiv-1 in 17 samples (16.5%). tests based upon synthet ... | 1994 | 7927812 |
| crystal structure at 1.9-a resolution of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) ii protease complexed with l-735,524, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the hiv proteases. | l-735,524 is a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease currently in a phase ii clinical trial. we report here the three-dimensional structure of l-735,524 complexed to hiv-2 protease at 1.9-a resolution, as well as the structure of the native hiv-2 protease at 2.5-a resolution. the structure of hiv-2 protease is found to be essentially identical to that of hiv-1 protease. in the crystal lattice of the hiv-2 protease complexed with l-735,524, the inhib ... | 1994 | 7929352 |
| wild-type and mutant hiv-1 and hiv-2 tat proteins expressed in escherichia coli as fusions with glutathione s-transferase. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 encode related transcriptional activators known as tat-1 and tat-2, respectively, that are required for efficient viral replication. the tat proteins have been studied extensively, and it appears that their mechanism of action is unique to the primate immunodeficiency viruses or a few distantly related lentiviruses. here we describe a collection of 24 wild-type and mutant tat-1 and tat-2 proteins that are expressed in escherichia coli as fusi ... | 1994 | 7932078 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cosalane, a novel anti-hiv agent which inhibits multiple features of virus reproduction. | cosalane (3), a novel anti-hiv agent having a disalicylmethane unit linked to c-3 of cholestane by a three-carbon linker, was synthesized from commercially available starting materials by a convergent route. cosalane proved to be a potent inhibitor of hiv with a broad range of activity against a variety of laboratory, drug-resistant, and clinical hiv-1 isolates, hiv-2, and rauscher murine leukemia virus. the cytotoxicity of cosalane is relatively low as reflected by an in vitro therapeutic index ... | 1994 | 7932526 |
| genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: evidence for distinct sequence subtypes with differences in virus biology. | the virulence properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) are known to vary significantly and to range from relative attenuation in certain individuals to high-level pathogenicity in others. these differences in clinical manifestations may, at least in part, be determined by genetic differences among infecting virus strains. evaluation of the full spectrum of hiv-2 genetic diversity is thus a necessary first step towards understanding its molecular epidemiology, natural history of ... | 1994 | 7933127 |
| characterization of the minimal dna-binding domain of the hiv integrase protein. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) integrase (in) protein mediates an essential step in the retroviral lifecycle, the integration of viral dna into human dna. a dna-binding domain of hiv in has previously been identified in the c-terminal part of the protein. we tested truncated proteins of the c-terminal region of hiv-1 in for dna binding activity in two different assays: uv-crosslinking and southwestern blot analysis. we found that a polypeptide fragment of 50 amino acids (in220-270) is su ... | 1994 | 7937137 |
| peptides corresponding to a predictive alpha-helical domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 are potent inhibitors of virus infection. | to define the role of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope proteins in virus infection, a series of peptides were synthesized based on various regions of the hiv-1 transmembrane protein gp41. one of these peptides, dp-178, corresponding to a region predictive of alpha-helical secondary structure (residues 643-678 of the hiv-1lai isolate), has been identified as a potent antiviral agent. this peptide consistently blocked 100% of virus-mediated cell-cell fusion at < 5 ng/ml (ic ... | 1994 | 7937889 |
| an aids-like condition induced in baboons by hiv-2. | six baboons (papio cynocephalus) were intravenously inoculated with the human immunodeficiency virus-type 2 (hiv-2) strain hiv-2uc2. all seroconverted within 6 weeks after inoculation; five animals became persistently infected. four developed lymphadenopathy, and three of the animals had cd4+ t cell loss within 18 to 24 months after inoculation. one of these baboons, showing severe clinical symptoms, showed at necropsy widespread dissemination of virus with follicular depletion in the lymph node ... | 1994 | 7939718 |
| low prevalence of human t lymphotropic virus type i in !kung san in bushmanland, namibia. | antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) and human t lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-i) have been identified in various population groups living in southern and central africa. sera from 291 !kung bushmen in bushmanland, namibia were examined for the presence of antibodies to hiv-1 and hiv-2 and to htlv-i. initial screening for hiv-1/2 by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) revealed evidence of past exposure in four individuals. however, no hiv-1/2 infection could be conf ... | 1994 | 7943573 |
| comparison of plasma cytokine levels in african patients with hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection. | to determine plasma cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1 beta and il-6] in african patients infected with hiv-2 relative to values in hiv-1-infected patients, and their relation to immunologic and clinical status. | 1994 | 7946096 |
| hairy leucoplakia and hiv-2--a case report and review of the literature. | type 2 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-2), originally confined to west africa, has lately appeared with increasing frequency in europe. oral lesions affect a large proportion of patients with aids. hairy leucoplakia (hl), a clinical expression of epstein-barr virus (ebv), is a lesion of the oral mucosa (usually the lateral margin of the tongue) that is observed in patients who are immunocompromised due to hiv or, more rarely, due to immunosuppressive medication or other causes. we review the d ... | 1994 | 7955479 |
| effect of methodology on detection of hiv-1/hiv-2 dual infections in côte d'ivoire. | dual seroreactivity to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 is common in côte d'ivoire. to assess whether dual infection is the reason for dual seroreactivity, different methods for detection of hiv-1 and hiv-2 viruses were compared. pcr on primary uncultured lymphocytes of 56 dually seropositive samples revealed the presence of both hiv-1 and hiv-2 proviral dna in 23 (41%) cases. in 7 other dual seropositive persons, pcr was carried out on the primary lymphocytes as well as on l ... | 1994 | 7962257 |
| localization of viral protein x in simian immunodeficiency virus macaque strain and analysis of its packaging requirements. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) encode the accessory viral protein x (vpx) known to be incorporated into virions in amounts comparable to those of the gag proteins. the localization of vpx within sivmac-infected hut-78 cells and sivmac virions was studied by immunoelectron microscopy. vpx appeared to be associated with extracellular virions as well as budding viral particles at the surface of infected cells. immunolabelling of purified viral co ... | 1994 | 7964605 |
| efficacy of inactivated whole hiv-2 vaccines with various adjuvants in cynomolgus monkeys. | twenty-one cynomolgus monkeys were immunized with whole inactivated hiv-2 preparations administered with various adjuvants (incomplete freund's adjuvant, alum, ribi, mdp, or iscoms) and challenged with 10 or 100 mid50 of a homologous monkey-cell grown, cell-free hiv-2. seven animals were completely protected against infection, three showed reduced virus replication. the vaccines elicited neutralizing and adcc antibodies; the titers did not correlate with protection. immunization with a whole ina ... | 1994 | 7966239 |
| exon2 of hiv-2 tat contributes to transactivation of the hiv-2 ltr by increasing binding affinity to hiv-2 tar rna. | human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) express related tat proteins that are encoded in two exons. tat proteins bind directly to the tar rna element contained in the 5' ends of viral transcripts and thereby stimulate transcription through an as yet unidentified mechanism. we have investigated the functional significance of exon2 of the hiv-2 tat protein by examining properties of proteins consisting of exon1 alone or exon1 + 2. in transactivation assays in vivo, exon2 modes ... | 1994 | 7971271 |
| the association between lack of male circumcision and risk for hiv infection: a review of the epidemiological data. | whether male circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection remains controversial. | 1994 | 7974070 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus antibody among homosexual men from bombay. | in india, heterosexual transmission of hiv-infection is considered to be the major mode of transmission. however, no report is available on transmission of hiv-infection among homosexually active men. the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) and human immunodeficiency virus-2 (hiv-2) infections among homosexual men from bombay is discussed. | 1994 | 7974077 |
| mapping of functional domains for hiv-2 gag assembly into virus-like particles. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 gag precursor protein, pr41, self assembles as virus-like particles (vlp) when the gag gene is expressed in insect cells. to map the functional domains for hiv-2 gag vlp formation, a series of deletion mutants was constructed by removing sequentially the c-terminal region of hiv-2 gag precursor protein and expressing the truncated gag genes in sf9 insect cells by means of recombinant baculoviruses. we found that deletion of up to 143 amino acids at the c-t ... | 1994 | 7975251 |
| potency and selectivity of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus protease by a small nonpeptide cyclic urea, dmp 323. | dmp 323 is a potent inhibitor of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), with antiviral activity against both hiv type 1 and hiv type 2. this compound is representative of a class of small, novel, nonpeptide cyclic urea inhibitors of hiv protease that were designed on the basis of three-dimensional structural information and three-dimensional database searching. we report here studies of the kinetics of dmp 323 inhibition of the cleavage of peptide and hiv-1 gag polyprotein substrate ... | 1994 | 7979296 |
| physical interaction of the hiv-1 nef protein with beta-cop, a component of non-clathrin-coated vesicles essential for membrane traffic. | nef is a 27-kda myristylated protein conserved in most human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. simian immunodeficiency virus nef is required in macaques for both high viral load and full pathological effects. nef down-regulates the cell surface expression of cd4 by a post-translational mechanism that is not yet fully elucidated. we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify cellular proteins that interact with nef. a cdna was isolated which ... | 1994 | 7982906 |
| enantiomeric 2',3'-dideoxycytidine derivatives are potent human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors in cell cultures. | 2',3'-dideoxy-beta-l-cytidine (beta-l-ddc) and its 5-fluoro derivative (beta-l-5-f-ddc) have been stereospecifically synthesized by a multi-step reaction sequence from l-xylose and their anti-hiv properties examined. among these two l-enantiomers, the hitherto unknown beta-l-5-f-ddc emerged as a potent anti-hiv-1 and hiv-2 compound in different cell culture systems, with selectivity indices similar or superior to those of the currently licensed drug ddc which has the natural beta-d configuration ... | 1994 | 7987696 |
| bicyclic imidazo derivatives, a new class of highly selective inhibitors for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | in the search for new antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus, different members of two imidazoheterocycle families (imidazothiazoles, imidazopyridines) have been found to display potent inhibitory effects on the replication of hiv-1. three of these derivatives, which show significant anti-hiv-1 activity, have been chosen for further studies. the analysis of these compounds and their comparison to azt and tibo revealed that these bicyclic imidazo derivatives represent a class of hi ... | 1994 | 7993073 |
| [endocarditis due to corynebacterium diphtheriae cause by contact with intravenous drugs: report of 5 cases]. | the clinical features of 5 patients with invasive disease due to nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae are presented. 4 patients had proven left sided endocarditis, and one had probable endocarditis of the mitral valve. 4 patients were intravenous drug abusers, and one had a girl friend who was also an iv-drug abuser. only one patient had antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. 2 patients with endocarditis of the mitral or the aortic valve, and one patient with endocarditis of a pros ... | 1994 | 7997860 |
| antiviral drugs: present status and future prospects. | 1. there is a limited number of antiviral drugs available for therapy. many investigations and new analytical techniques have unraveled the development and progression of a viral infection. nowadays there is a good understanding of the multiplication cycle of viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus. 2. in this article the currently available antiviral drugs are presented arranged by their mode of action that can be understood by the multiplication cycle of the virus. 3. clinical use ... | 1994 | 8005347 |
| functional significance of the dinucleotide bulge in stem-loop1 and stem-loop2 of hiv-2 tar rna. | human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) encode related proteins called tat-1 and tat-2, respectively, that bind directly to the tar rna element contained at the 5' ends of viral transcripts and thereby stimulate transcription through an as yet unidentified mechanism. the determinants in the hiv-1 tar element (tar-1) that specify binding by the tat-1 protein have been extensively characterized, while little is known about determinants in the hiv-2 tar element (tar-2) that spe ... | 1994 | 8009832 |
| hiv-2 eho isolate has a divergent envelope gene and induces single cell killing by apoptosis. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-related isolate, referred to as hiv-2 eho, has been isolated from an ivory coast patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). infection of cd4 expressing cells with this highly infectious virus mediates a cytopathic effect characterized by single-cell killing as a consequence of apoptosis. nucleotide sequence analysis of the hiv-2 eho genome revealed a significant degree of divergence of its envelope gene from that of other known hiv-2 s ... | 1994 | 8009858 |
| tropical respiratory medicine. 2. impact of human immunodeficiency virus on tuberculosis in developing countries. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is present in approximately 50% of 15-49 year olds in the developing world, while infection in europe and north america is limited largely to the elderly and some disadvantaged groups. the authors concentrate upon the interaction of hiv infection and tuberculosis (tb) in developing countries with a particular focus upon research data from sub-saharan africa. they discuss hiv infection and predisposition for tb, epidemiological determinants of the tb-hiv interaction, ... | 1994 | 8016777 |
| mosaic genome structure of simian immunodeficiency virus from west african green monkeys. | elucidation of the phylogenetic origins of simian and human immunodeficiency viruses (siv and hiv) is fundamental to the understanding of hiv pathogenesis and the spread of aids worldwide. in this study, we molecularly characterized multiple sivagm isolates from four different african green monkey species (vervet, grivet, sabaeus and tantalus monkeys). phylogenetic analysis of partial (1 kb) env sequences indicated that all sivagm strains cluster together, and that they fall into four distinct s ... | 1994 | 8026477 |
| implications of the occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogen standard for the occupational health professional. | on december 6, 1991. the occupational health and safety administration (osha) issued its final regulation concerning occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens (29 cfr 1910.1030). osha has determined that workers in a variety of settings face a significant health risk as the result of occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids. the pathogens that are of the most concern include human immunodeficiency type 1 (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). osha concludes that the hazard can be min ... | 1994 | 8027880 |
| inactivation of enveloped viruses in human bodily fluids by purified lipids. | antimicrobial lipids are found in mucosal secretions and are one of a number of nonimmunologic and nonspecific protective factors found at mucosal surfaces. lipids can inactivate enveloped viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. lipid-dependent antimicrobial activity at mucosal surfaces is due to certain monoglycerides and fatty acids that are released from triglycerides by lipolytic activity. medium chain length antiviral lipids can be added to human blood products that contain hiv-1 and hiv-2 ... | 1994 | 8030973 |
| tuberculosis and hiv infection in children in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. | of 5180 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with tuberculosis in abidjan, côte d'ivoire (west africa), between july 1989 and december 1990, 289 (6%) were children aged less than 15 years. the overall prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) 1 and/or hiv-2 infection in children with tuberculosis was 11.8% (hiv-1, 10.0%; hiv-2, 0.7%; reactivity to both viruses, 1%). the highest overall age-specific prevalence was in children aged 1-4 years (23.4%), significantly higher than the rate in atten ... | 1994 | 8036665 |
| prospective comparison of mother-to-child transmission of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in abidjan, ivory coast. | to compare mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2, respectively) and to assess the impact of maternal hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections on child survival. | 1994 | 8040982 |
| recent advances in diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. | in an effort to better diagnose, treat, and control sexually transmitted diseases (std), a number of new diagnostic assays using molecular techniques have been developed. by incorporating molecular amplification, the sensitivity for detecting sexually transmitted infections has become markedly enhanced, and organisms that were difficult or impossible to cultivate, such as human papillomavirus (hpv) or treponema pallidum can now be detected and monitored. by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 1994 | 8042111 |
| stable biological and antigenic characteristics of hiv-2sbl6669 in nonpathogenic infection of macaques. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate if the biological and antigenic properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 change over time in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected with hiv-2sbl6669. sequential virus isolates and serum samples were obtained during a 2-year period and studied in autologous neutralization assays. all six macaques studied seroconverted shortly after infection and remained healthy during the observation period. virus could be i ... | 1994 | 7909969 |
| risk factors for repeatedly reactive hiv-1 eia and indeterminate western blots. a population-based case-control study. | causes of indeterminate results of western blot testing (iwb) for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 include seroconversion, hiv-2 cross-reactivity, and autoimmune disease, but most iwb results remain unexplained. this case-control study assessed risk factors for iwb results, including early hiv infection, other retroviral infection, autoantibodies, and other medical conditions. | 1994 | 7910452 |
| highly potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by the bicyclam derivative jm3100. | bicyclams, in which the cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) moieties are tethered via an aliphatic bridge (i.e., propylene, as in jm2763) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) (e. de clercq, n. yamamoto, r. pauwels, m. baba, d. schols, h. nakashima, j. balzarini, z. debyser, b. a. murrer, d. schwartz, d. thornton, g. bridger, s. fricker, g. henson, m. abrams, and d. picker, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:5286-5290, 1992). we h ... | 1994 | 7913308 |
| reduced rate of disease development after hiv-2 infection as compared to hiv-1. | human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2) is a close relative of the prototype acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) virus, hiv-1. hiv-2 is biologically similar to hiv-1, but information is lacking concerning clinical outcomes of hiv-2-infected individuals. from 1985 to 1993, a prospective clinical study was conducted in women with hiv-2 and hiv-1 infection to determine and compare rates of disease development. hiv-1-infected women had a 67% probability of aids-free survival 5 years after ... | 1994 | 7915856 |
| potent and specific inhibition of hiv envelope-mediated cell fusion and virus binding by g quartet-forming oligonucleotide (isis 5320). | we have previously reported identification of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide ttggggtt (isis 5320) as a potent inhibitor of hiv infection in vitro. the oligonucleotide forms a parallel-stranded, tetrameric guanosine quartet (g-quartet) structure that specifically binds to the hiv envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and inhibits both cell-to-cell and virus-to-cell infection at submicromolar concentrations. in the current study we demonstrate that the tetramer inhibits the infection of laboratory-der ... | 1994 | 7888204 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoproteins. | twelve murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (isolate rod) envelope glycoproteins have been generated and characterized. nine mabs were specific to the external gp125 and three reacted with the transmembrane gp36. a large majority of mabs displayed a significant affinity for the native gp140 precursor and were shown to bind to viral antigens on the surface of fixed hiv-2-infected cells. in western blot analysis, the 12 mabs showed varying profiles of cross-re ... | 1994 | 7888225 |
| human immunodeficiency virus vpx is required for the early phase of replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | functional importance of vpx protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 was evaluated in various types of cells. in 8 lymphocytic or monocytic cell lines tested, vpx mutant virus grew as well as wild-type virus. only in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, severely retarded growth of mutant virus was observed. no replication of vpx-minus virus was detected in primary macrophage cells. a highly sensitive single-round replication assay system was used to determine the defective ... | 1994 | 7898386 |
| [lesions of the spinal cord in hiv infection]. | neurological lesions are frequent complications of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections. organs involved include the brain, peripheral nerves and muscles. since the widespread use of immunodepressive agents, spinal cord complications have also appeared although poorly documented in the literature. we observed six cases of spinal cord involvement which help indicate the modalities of practical management. in the first case, a 45-year old hiv1 + male presented dysesthesia evolving progres ... | 1994 | 7899290 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of three pyrazole analogues of distamycin a. | the synthesis of three new monopyrazole analogues of the antiviral compound distamycin a is reported. suitably protected 4-amino-1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 3-amino-1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives were chosen as starting materials. the construction of the trimeric polyamide framework was accomplished by assembly of the monomeric precursors under condensing conditions by analogy with our previous methodology, although with significant improvements in some pivotal steps. a ... | 1994 | 8060726 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of some aminoadamantane derivatives. | the synthesis of some spiro[cyclopropane-1,2'-adamantan]-2-amines and methanamines and some spiro[pyrrolidine-2,2'-adamantanes] is described. the title compounds were evaluated against a wide range of viruses (influenza a, influenza b, parainfluenza 3, rsv, hsv-1, tk- hsv-1, hsv-2, vaccinia, vesicular stomatitis, polio 1, coxsackie b4, sindbis, semliki forest, reo 1, hiv-1, and hiv-2), and some of them (compounds 6b, 6c, 9a, 16a, 16b, and 17) inhibited the cytopathicity of influenza a virus at a ... | 1994 | 8071937 |