Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in a new zealand resident. | to determine the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types infecting a west african immigrant to new zealand. to develop an hiv type 2 specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 1994 | 8208481 |
| synthesis and virucidal activity of a water-soluble, configurationally stable, derivatized c60 fullerene. | the bis(monosuccinimide) derivative of p,p'-bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl-c60 (compound 1), prepared by the fulleroid route, is active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 (50% effective concentration [ec50] averaging approximately 6 microm) in acutely or chronically infected human lymphocytes and is active in vitro against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-resistant hiv-1 (ec50, approximately 3 microm). the virucidal properties of compound 1 were confirmed by virus inactivation as ... | 1993 | 8215289 |
| characterization of dual hiv-1 and hiv-2 serological profiles by polymerase chain reaction. | to evaluate the frequency of dual hiv-1 and hiv-2 dna sequences in patients with dual serological profiles. | 1993 | 8216974 |
| staff distress among haemophilia nurses. | to investigate the severity, sources, and means used to cope with the distress experienced by haemophilia nurses as a result of the widespread infection with human immunodeficiency virus among haemophiliacs, we collected anonymous questionnaire data from all nurses in the haemophilia nursing network directory, compiled by the national haemophilia foundation in june, 1990. questionnaires were returned by 136 of the 181 (75%) nurses in the sample. over 50% of the sample gave distress responses to ... | 1993 | 8218470 |
| cytosolic domain of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins binds to calmodulin and inhibits calmodulin-regulated proteins. | calmodulin (cam), the major intracellular receptor for calcium, is involved in regulation of diverse cellular functions. positively charged amphipathic helical segments have been identified as an important structural motif in the recognition of cam by different cam-activated enzymes and peptides. the carboxyl-terminal domain of the envelope glycoproteins of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv) contain regions that can fold into amphipathic helical segments, which clo ... | 1993 | 8226798 |
| a novel, sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation assay for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-type 2. | a radioimmunoprecipitation assay that provides an alternative to the western blot assay was developed for characterizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2). the assay is based on radioiodination of antigen using bolton-hunter reagent. the antigen consists of a soluble preparation of the nih-z (hiv-2) strain of 1000x purified virus spiked with purified recombinant hiv-2 gp105. radiolabeled proteins were immunoprecipitated by immune human sera, even at the early stages ... | 1993 | 8227273 |
| fusogenicity of mutant and chimeric proviruses derived from molecular clones of cytopathic and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | analysis of the phenotype of the molecular clones of cytopathic and fusogenic, noncytopathic and nonfusogenic, and chimeric proviruses of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) suggests that the major determinant of the attenuated fusogenicity and cytopathicity of hiv-2 was located in the 3'-half of the genome, with envelope playing the more dominant role. however, no single linear domain within the envelope, including the major cd4 binding domain and fusogenic domain, was sufficient by its ... | 1993 | 8229655 |
| molecular and biological characteristics of a novel hiv-2 isolate, hiv-2hom. | in 1991 a new hiv-2 isolate (hiv-2hom) was isolated first from a german individual most likely infected in west africa in the beginning of the 1970s. the virus was isolated from both, the plasma and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patient by using okt-3-stimulated cord blood lymphocytes. the recovered viruses could be further propagated on jurkat cells and exhibited a broad cell tropism. biochemical and antigenic properties of hiv-2hom were examined by radioimmunoprecipitations. for a mo ... | 1993 | 8237111 |
| structure of the protease from simian immunodeficiency virus: complex with an irreversible nonpeptide inhibitor. | a variant of the simian immunodeficiency virus protease (siv pr), covalently bound to the inhibitor 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (epnp), was crystallized. the structure of the inhibited complex was determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.4 a and refined to an r factor of 19%. the variant, siv pr s4h, was shown to diminish the rate of autolysis by at least 4-fold without affecting enzymatic parameters. the overall root mean square (rms) deviation of the alpha-carbons from ... | 1993 | 8241141 |
| preparation and anti-hiv activity of o-acylated heparin and dermatan sulfate derivatives with low anticoagulant effect. | in order to increase the ratio of anti-hiv activity to anticoagulant activity, glycosaminoglycan derivatives selectively substituted at oh and/or cooh groups were prepared. standard heparin, heparin fragments, or dermatan sulfate were converted to their tributylammonium or tetrabutylammonium salts. their selective o-acylation to various (controlled) degrees was carried out in a homogeneous way in n,n-dimethylformamide using carboxylic acid anhydrides and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as catalyst. es ... | 1993 | 8246223 |
| specific interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus tat proteins with a cellular protein kinase. | the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) tat proteins are related transcriptional activators whose effects are likely to be mediated by a cellular factor. using an in vitro kinase assay, we have shown that the tat protein of hiv-2 and the activation domain of the tat protein of hiv-1 specifically bind to a cellular protein kinase. mutations in tat that abolish transactivation activity in vivo abrogate the ability of the mutants to bind to the kinase in vitro. this is the ... | 1993 | 8249283 |
| demographic characteristics of retroviral infections (hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i) among female professional sex workers in lagos, nigeria. | in 1990/1991, 885 prostitutes residing in 11 of the 12 local government areas (lgas) of lagos state, nigeria, participated in a cross-sectional study to determine current seroprevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2), and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). the overall prevalence of hiv-1 was 12.3%, of hiv-2, 2.1%, and of htlv-i, 2.8%. hiv-1 seropositivity did not vary significantly by age, socioeconomic class, or nationality, but hiv ... | 1993 | 8254475 |
| cgp 53437, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease with potent antiviral activity. | cgp 53437 is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease containing a hydroxyethylene isostere. the compound inhibited recombinant hiv-1 protease with a ki of 0.2 nm. the inhibition constant versus human cathepsin d and human cathepsin e was 4 nm. human pepsin and gastricsin were inhibited with kis of 8 and 500 nm, respectively, and human renin was inhibited with a ki of 190 microm. the replication of hiv-1/lav, hiv-1/z-84, and hiv-1/plai was inhibited with ... | 1993 | 8257128 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) trans-activator (tat): functional domains and the search for trans-dominant negative mutants. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) trans-activator (tat) is an important trans-regulator of viral gene expression. it differs from the related hiv-1 tat in certain aspects of its structure and function. hiv-2 tat is composed of 130 amino acids versus 86 amino acids for hiv-1 tat. apart from certain conserved regions, there is little homology between the two tats. they also differ in their ability to trans-activate hiv-2 and hiv-1 long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression. as a ... | 1993 | 8257633 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and biological characterization of an htlv-ii envelope glycoprotein: hiv-1 expression is permissive for htlv-ii-induced cell fusion. | the human t cell leukemia virus ii (htlv-ii) is a type c retrovirus closely related to the human transforming retrovirus htlv-i. in contrast to htlv-i, the role of htlv-ii in human disease is controversial. however, htlv-ii infection has been documented in several cases of a clinically benign hairy cell leukemia and has also been suggested as a cofactor for hiv-1 disease progression. we report that an htlv-ii isolate (designated flw) derived from a serum-positive white male can induce cell fusio ... | 1993 | 8257634 |
| [phylogenetically old hiv-1 from cameroon discovered. hiv-2 related virus isolate]. | 1993 | 8258419 | |
| complement activation upon binding of mannan-binding protein to hiv envelope glycoproteins. | retroviruses can activate the complement system in the absence of antibodies, and the purpose of this study was to examine whether the serum collection, mannan-binding protein (mbp), could mediate such complement activation. | 1993 | 8267903 |
| aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma in an indian female. | we report the first case of aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma in a 35 year old indian female, a commercial sex worker, with lesions involving skin and mucous membranes. diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology, electron microscopy, seropositivity, (elisa and western blot) as well as pepti-lav test and viral culture. antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, both hiv-1 & 2, were present. hla dr5,7 was positive on oligotyping. genetic predisposition, therefore, may be suspected. | 1993 | 8270582 |
| science challenging hiv infection. | the first accepted report of a novel human, slow virus disease belonging to "lentivirus" known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can be traced to reports of june 1981. hiv-1 and hiv-2 were later found over the period 1984-86 to be unequivocally associated with aids. they are two serologically distinct viruses belonging to the same family with the unique properties of integration and latency in the host cell genome and the presence of reverse transcriptase. typical of all retroviruses, the ... | 1993 | 8276485 |
| specific ablation of human immunodeficiency virus tat-expressing cells by conditionally toxic retroviruses. | the identification of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the etiologic agent of aids has led to the proposal of novel intervention strategies to block hiv infection and viral replication or eliminate hiv-infected cells. we have produced recombinant retroviruses for a molecular ablation system, whereby a toxin gene can be delivered to hematopoietic cells for the specific elimination of hiv tat-expressing cells. for this cell-specific ablation, we have coupled the conditional toxin herpes simpl ... | 1994 | 8278395 |
| human retroviruses in amerindians of colombia: high prevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus type ii infection among the tunebo indians. | the coexistence of infection with human t lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and htlv-ii) has been demonstrated recently among the wayuu indians from the guajira region of colombia. to ascertain if other indian groups in colombia are similarly infected, we tested 1,250 sera, collected between 1990 and 1992 from 18 culturally distinct amerindian tribes living in widely separated regions, for igg antibodies against htlv-i/ii using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot. ... | 1993 | 8279632 |
| inhibition of hiv infection by flavanoids. | of a variety of flavanoids, the flavans were generally more effective than flavones and flavanones in selective inhibition of hiv-1, hiv-2 or siv infection. studies of their effects on the binding of scd4 and antibody to gp120 indicated that the effective compounds interact irreversibly with gp120 to inactive virus infectivity and block infection. | 1993 | 8279812 |
| sequence specific binding of the transcription factor c-ets1 to the human immunodeficiency virus type i long terminal repeat. | human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1) long terminal repeat (ltr) driven transcription is regulated by a variety of cellular transcription factors. most work has focused on the two nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kb) elements indispensable for hiv-1 ltr enhancer function. we demonstrate here the specific binding of the transcription factor c-ets1 to an u3 region of the hiv-1 ltr (nt -141 to -149) using electrophoretic mobility shift analysis with t-cell nuclear extract and in vitro translated pr ... | 1993 | 8280137 |
| the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vif protein is located in the cytoplasm of infected cells and its effect on viral replication is equivalent in hiv-2. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vif gene (viral infectivity gene) plays an important role in viral replication in vitro. we demonstrated that the vif protein is membrane associated in hiv-1-infected cells and have investigated the role in viral replication of the equivalent gene in hiv-2. we constructed an hiv-2 vif minus mutant and studied its virulence and cellular tropism in vitro. parallel experiments were also performed with an hiv-1 vif mutant to ascertain whether the two d ... | 1993 | 8280477 |
| envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 alters ion transport in astrocytes: implications for aids dementia complex. | infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is often complicated by a variety of neurological abnormalities. the most common clinical syndrome, termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) dementia complex, presents as a subcortical dementia with cognitive, motor, and behavioral disturbances and is unique to hiv-1 infection. the pathogenesis of this syndrome is poorly understood but is believed to involve interactions among virally infected macrophages/microglia, astrocytes, and ... | 1994 | 8290553 |
| infectious aids--stretching the germ theory beyond its limits. | the hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) causes aids was advanced in 1984, based only on circumstantial evidence. to this date, the primary evidence are correlations between the presence of antibody against hiv and aids. but these correlations are biased by proponents of the hiv hypothesis in favour of hiv. they ignore hiv-free aids and they base correlations on selected studies because there are no national hiv-aids statistics. the hiv-aids hypothesis has made the following predic ... | 1994 | 8292899 |
| oral hairy leukoplakia in a patient with ulcerative colitis. | a 30-year-old man with ulcerative colitis developed oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl). serological examination for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2 infection showed no abnormalities. biopsy specimen of the lateral tongue showed ballooned prickle cells, and electron microscopy revealed herpes-type viruses. immunologic investigation of the patient showed a marked decrease in t-helper cells as a result of immunosuppressive regimen. the present report appears to be the first well-documented ... | 1994 | 8299917 |
| [viral infections--clinical pictures and laboratory diagnosis. part 5: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv 1, hiv 2) to measles virus]. | 1993 | 8307545 | |
| changes in the host range and growth potential of an hiv-1 clone are conferred by the vpu gene. | vpu, alone among the genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), is unique to this virus, with no analogous reading frame evident in the genomes of either hiv-2 or the related sivs. effects of vpu upon levels of virus production from infected cells have been noted, but vpu is dispensable for hiv-1 replication in vitro and its significance in the natural viral life cycle is unclear. we have now identified and characterized a major influence of vpu upon the growth and host cell range of ... | 1993 | 8317102 |
| anti-hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) activity of sulfated paramylon. | sulfated derivatives of paramylon, a water-insoluble (1-3)-beta-d-glucan from euglena gracilis, significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1, hiv-2) and the expression of hiv antigen in cultured mt-4, molt-4 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. native paramylon, n,n-dimethylaminoethyl paramylon, n,n-diethylaminoethyl paramylon, 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl paramylon chloride, and carboxymethyl paramylon had little or no anti-hiv activi ... | 1993 | 8317920 |
| protection of cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) against infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ben (hiv-2ben) by immunization with the virion-derived envelope glycoprotein gp130. | we have investigated the efficiency of a subunit vaccine consisting of native gp130 micelles of hiv-2ben mixed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh). over a period of 52 weeks, nine cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were immunized with seven intramuscular injections of gp130-klh, equivalent to a total of about 1.1 mg of purified gp130 per animal. the first three applications were formulated in freund's incomplete adjuvant. because of the effects of freund's incomplete adjuvant, aluminum hy ... | 1993 | 8318267 |
| comparison of transmission rates of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in a cohort of prostitutes in senegal. | to explore the biological similarities and differences between the hiv-1 and hiv-2 viruses, we model the probability of male-to-female transmission of either hiv virus as a function of the number of sexual partners, the prevalence of the viruses and the infectivity per contact. using maximum likelihood estimation theory and data from a prospective study of registered female prostitutes in dakar, senegal, we estimate and compare the infectivities of hiv-1 and hiv-2. graphical goodness-of-fit meth ... | 1993 | 8318928 |
| reactivity of cysteine residues in the protease from human immunodeficiency virus: identification of a surface-exposed region which affects enzyme function. | the protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is essential for the processing of viral polyproteins encoded by the gag and pol genes into mature viral proteins. the 99-residue protease from hiv-1 contains two cysteine residues (cys-67 and cys-95), both of which are usually conserved in viruses isolated from patients. despite this conservation, neither residue is required for enzymatic activity. certain site-specific cysteine mutants of hiv-1 protease are catalytically active, an ... | 1993 | 8323281 |
| bloodborne pathogens. can you become infected from your older patient? | 1. exposure to bloodborne pathogens in the workplace creates acute anxiety in health care workers (hcws); however, hcws are at a greater risk for contracting the hepatitis b virus (hbv) than for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). 2. a postexposure management program (pemp) provides an education of the risk of infection and risk-reduction techniques; a mechanism for assessment of the source patient's risk factors and for obtaining source patient hbv and hiv serologic status; a se ... | 1993 | 8326114 |
| in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and their effect on clonal growth of hemopoietic cells from human bone marrow. | seven 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides synthesized by substitution of nucleosides using nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase from lactobacillus leichmanii were tested for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) activity. two of them, including 2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside (dapddr) and 6-chlorpurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside (cpddr) demonstrated high antiviral activity against several strains of hiv-1 and one strain of hiv-2. the selectivity index of the drugs (si; ratio of the drug concentrat ... | 1993 | 8329011 |
| tar loop-dependent human immunodeficiency virus trans activation requires factors encoded on human chromosome 12. | the trans-activator response region (tar) rna in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 long terminal repeat forms stem-loop secondary structures in which the loop sequence is essential for trans activation. we investigated how the hiv trans-activation mechanism encoded on human chromosome 12 relates to the tar rna loop-dependent pathway. dna transfection experiments showed that trans activation in human-hamster hybrid cells with the single human chromosome 12 and human t-cell ... | 1993 | 8331737 |
| genetic evidence that the tat proteins of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 can multimerize in the eukaryotic cell nucleus. | the formation of dimers or higher-order multimers is critical to the biological activity of many eukaryotic regulatory proteins. however, biochemical analyses of the multimerization capacity of the tat trans activator of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) have yielded contradictory results. we used the two-hybrid genetic assay for protein-protein interactions in the eukaryote saccharomyces cerevisiae (s. fields and o.-k. song, nature [london] 340:245-246, 1989) to examine ... | 1993 | 8331738 |
| differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 transcription by specific t-cell activation signals. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 enhancers are induced differentially by physiologic t-cell activation signals. in contrast to that of hiv-1, hiv-2 transcription was quite responsive to stimulation of t cells by antigen presentation but weakly induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha. like tumor necrosis factor alpha, expression of cloned nf-kappa b subunits strongly activated the hiv-1, but not the hiv-2, enhancer. the differences in response to these physiologic t-cell a ... | 1993 | 8331739 |
| [serology of the human immunodeficiency virus in saliva]. | the presence of immunoglobulins in saliva has allowed it to be proven that they are specific against certain antigens. antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been observed in saliva. the aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of the same by commercial enzymoinmmunoassay (eia) and standardize the technique. | 1993 | 8332019 |
| long-lasting postmortem viability of human immunodeficiency virus: a potential risk in forensic medicine practice. | to determine the time from death when an autopsy could be carried out without any risk of contamination by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), we cultured hiv from serial samples of blood and liquid effusion, collected as long as possible alter death from refrigerated dead bodies of hiv-infected patients. samples were cocultivated with stimulated normal human lymphocytes and viral replication was assessed by p24 hiv1 antigen elisa determination and by reverse transcriptase hiv1 and hiv2 activity ... | 1993 | 8340039 |
| identification of amino acids in hiv-2 integrase involved in site-specific hydrolysis and alcoholysis of viral dna termini. | the human immunodeficiency virus integrase (hiv in) protein cleaves two nucleotides off the 3' end of viral dna and subsequently integrates the viral dna into target dna. in exposes a specific phosphodiester bond near the viral dna end to nucleophilic attack by water or other nucleophiles, such as glycerol or the 3' hydroxyl group of the viral dna molecule itself. wild-type in has a preference for water as the nucleophile; we here describe a class of in mutants that preferentially use the 3' hyd ... | 1993 | 8346016 |
| vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances the release of capsids produced by gag gene constructs of widely divergent retroviruses. | the vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 facilitates the release of virus particles from the surface of infected cells. the ability of the vpu protein to facilitate release of gag proteins from retroviruses that lack a vpu-like protein was examined. the results of these experiments show that vpu significantly increases the release of the gag proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2, visna virus, and moloney murine leukemia virus from hela cells. the results indicate that vpu ... | 1993 | 8346259 |
| productive expression state confers resistance of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2-infected lymphoma cells against superinfection by hiv-1. | in the past, positive as well as negative results pertaining to hiv-1/hiv2 interference have been obtained. therefore, in the present study attention was paid to the viral expression state of preinfected cells at the time of exposure to secondary virus. a clonal hiv-2 infected hut-78 cell line was derived by endpoint dilution and subsequently inoculated with cell-free hiv-1. superinfection with hiv-1 was ruled out by western blot and pcr analysis. the chronically hiv-2 infected cells used for th ... | 1993 | 8347081 |
| activation of the human t-cell leukemia virus type i enhancer is mediated by binding sites for elf-1 and the pets factor. | infection with human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) is associated with adult t-cell lymphoma/leukemia. this disease occurs in only a small minority of people infected with htlv-i and manifests itself many years after infection. therefore, it appears that a fine balance exists between htlv-i and the host t-cell factors with which it interacts. htlv-i encodes a transactivating protein, tax, which activates viral transcription via cellular mechanisms which are incompletely understood. as vir ... | 1993 | 8350410 |
| coexistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv2) and rheumatoid arthritis. | 1993 | 8353992 | |
| studies of hiv-2 promoter activity and cell specific ablation. | we have a developed a retroviral mediated molecular ablation method to specifically eliminate hiv tat-expressing cells. this approach utilizes the tat-inducible hiv-2 promoter and a conditional toxin gene. the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene product is toxic to mammalian cells only after treatment with ganciclovir (gcv) or other nucleoside analogues. we demonstrate here that certain promoter modifications can decrease basal expression while retaining the ability to be transactivated. ... | 1993 | 8361235 |
| aids and social work: the ethics and civil liberties agenda. | social workers are becoming increasingly involved in casework and social policy debate related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) crisis. to enhance their delivery of services and contribution to policy formulation, social workers need to be familiar with a wide range of ethical and civil liberties issues that have been generated by the aids epidemic. this article provides an overview of six major ethical and civil liberties issues pertaining to social work practice related to aid ... | 1993 | 8362277 |
| amino acid changes in the fourth conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain hiv-2rod envelope glycoprotein modulate fusion. | the fourth conserved region (c4) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) surface glycoprotein has been shown to participate in cd4 binding and to influence viral tropism (a. cordonnier, l. montagnier, and m. emerman, nature [london] 340:571-574, 1989). to define the role of the corresponding region of hiv-2, we introduce single amino acid changes into the c4 sequence of hiv-2rod. the effects of these mutations on glycoprotein function and on virus infectivity have been examined. we have s ... | 1993 | 8371358 |
| crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 protease in complex with a reduced amide inhibitor and comparison with hiv-1 protease structures. | the crystal structure of hiv-2 protease in complex with a reduced amide inhibitor [bi-la-398; phe-val-phe-psi (ch2nh)-leu-glu-ile-amide] has been determined at 2.2-a resolution and refined to a crystallographic r factor of 17.6%. the rms deviation from ideality in bond lengths is 0.018 a and in bond angles is 2.8 degrees. the largest structural differences between hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteases are located at residues 15-20, 34-40, and 65-73, away from the flap region and the substrate binding sites. ... | 1993 | 8378311 |
| infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | to review the clinical, epidemiologic, and biological features of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). | 1993 | 8380244 |
| a distinct african lentivirus from sykes' monkeys. | asymptomatic infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) has been demonstrated in african sykes' monkeys (cercopithecus mitis albogularis), and virus isolation confirmed infection with a novel siv from sykes' monkeys (sivsyk). macaques inoculated with sivsyk became persistently infected but remained clinically healthy. we utilized polymerase chain reaction amplification to generate a full-length, infectious molecular clone of sivsyk. the genome organization of sivsyk is similar to that of ... | 1993 | 8382307 |
| inhibition of cellular activation of retroviral replication by cd8+ t cells derived from non-human primates. | to test the hypothesis that cd8+ t cells inhibit viral replication at the level of cellular activation, an epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed cell line (fec1) from a simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-seropositive sooty mangabey monkey was transfected with a human cd4 gene and shown to be replication-competent for hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv. utilizing a dual-chamber culture system, it was found that inhibition of viral replication can be mediated by a soluble factor. the fec1 cell line was transien ... | 1993 | 8383022 |
| polymerase chain reaction and transfusion microbiology. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) involves alternate denaturing and re-annealing of dna in test samples in the presence of appropriate oligonucleotide primers complementary to opposite strands of the target dna together with a heat-stable dna polymerase, mg2+ and the four nucleotide triphosphates. dna target segments can be 'amplified' ten-millionfold by 25-35 such cycles. even greater amplification (approximately 10(12)-fold) with enhanced specificity can be obtained by a second set of amplificat ... | 1993 | 8384393 |
| studies on the substrate specificity of the proteinase of equine infectious anemia virus using oligopeptide substrates. | the proteinase of the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), a lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), was purified from concentrated virus. the specificity of the enzyme was characterized using oligopeptides representing naturally occurring cleavage sites in the gag and gag-pol polyproteins. the length of the substrate binding pocket was found to be 1-2 residues longer than that of hiv proteinases. although the eiav and hiv proteinases cleaved most of the peptides at t ... | 1993 | 8384879 |
| compatibility of tat and rev transactivators in the primate lentiviruses. | primate immunodeficiency viruses carry a unique set of transacting regulator genes, which are essential for viral replication. the exchangeability of these tat and rev transactivators derived from viruses of the four major subgroups identified to date was assessed in transient transfection and infection assay systems. the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), a major causative virus of human aids, efficiently activated the other viruses. in contrast, the tat and rev gene products of hiv-2 ... | 1993 | 8385908 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of polyoxomolybdates. mechanism of inhibitory effect of pm-104 (nh4)12h2(eu4(moo4)(h2o)16(mo7o24)4).13h2o on human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a screening for inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) among various types of isopolyoxomolybdates and heteropolyoxomolybdates was carried out by using an in vitro assay system measuring the cytopathogenicity of hiv-1 in cd4+ human mt-4 cells. a novel heteropolyoxomolybdate named pm-104 with the chemical formula (nh4)12h2(eu4(moo4)(h2o)16(mo7o24)4).13h2o was found to be associated with potent anti-hiv-1 activity. pm-104 interferes with virus infection at a very early step such ... | 1993 | 8387260 |
| lipid composition and fluidity of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope and host cell plasma membranes. | previous studies have indicated that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is enclosed with a lipid envelope similar in composition to cell plasma membranes and to other viruses. further, the fluidity, as measured by spin resonance spectroscopy, is low and the viral envelope is among the most highly ordered membranes analyzed. however, the relationship between viral envelope lipids and those of the host cell is not known. here we demonstrate that the phospholipids within the envelopes of hiv-1rf an ... | 1993 | 8389472 |
| a poliovirus minireplicon containing an inactive 2a proteinase is expressed in vaccinia virus-infected cells. | it has been difficult to evaluate the role of individual viral proteins in poliovirus replication because a suitable complementation system has not yet been developed. to approach this problem, we constructed a chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-gag-poliovirus minireplicon in which regions of the gag gene of hiv-2 were inserted in the poliovirus genome between nucleotides 1174 and 2470. transfection of this chimeric rna into hela cells results in the replication of the minirepl ... | 1993 | 8392603 |
| rates of amino acid change in the envelope protein correlate with pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses. | a spectrum of pathogenicity has been observed for primate lentiviruses in their natural hosts. for example, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is a potent etiologic agent for aids in man, whereas there is no evidence to date which indicates that simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys (sivagm) causes immunodeficiency in agm. we measured the relative rates of amino acid change, as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous to synonymous (silent) nucleotide substitutions, f ... | 1993 | 8395604 |
| rapid and simple screening and supplemental testing for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections in west africa. | to evaluate a combination of rapid tests as a strategy for screening and supplemental testing of serum for hiv-1 and/or hiv-2 antibodies. | 1993 | 8395857 |
| large scale purification and refolding of hiv-1 protease from escherichia coli inclusion bodies. | the protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was engineered in escherichia coli as a construct in which the natural 99-residue polypeptide was preceded by an nh2-terminal methionine initiator. inclusion bodies harboring the recombinant hiv-1 protease were dissolved in 50% acetic acid and the solution was subjected to gel filtration on a column of sephadex g-75. the protein, eluted in the second of two peaks, migrated in sds-page as a single sharp band of m(r) approxima ... | 1993 | 8397790 |
| nonhuman primate models for aids. | historically, animal model systems have been important components of biomedical research, and the same is proving true for research directed at the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pandemic. the most relevant and valuable models for studying infection by hiv-1 and hiv-2 and progression to aids involve infection of nonhuman primates with hiv-1, hiv-2, or some of the closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs). the siv macaque model has proven valuable in all aspects of aids-related r ... | 1993 | 8399921 |
| effect of dosing frequency on zdv prophylaxis in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | the effect of dosing frequency on zidovudine (zdv) prophylaxis against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection was examined in long-tailed macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis). the results indicate that dosing frequency is extremely important for drug efficacy. the monkeys were divided into three groups based on dosing frequencies of 6-, 8-, or 12-h intervals. all were given a total daily dose of 100 mg/kg of zdv. the drug was administered subcutaneously starting 24 h before siv inoculati ... | 1993 | 8410666 |
| glycosylation is necessary for the correct folding of human immunodeficiency virus gp120 in cd4 binding. | conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of carbohydrate on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) envelope glycoprotein gp120 in cd4 receptor binding. glycosylated, deglycosylated, and nonglycosylated forms of hiv type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 gp120s were used to examine cd4 receptor-binding activity. nonglycosylated forms of gp120 generated either by deletion of the signal sequence of hiv-1 gp120 or by synthesis in the presence of tunicamycin failed to bind to cd4. in contrast, highly ... | 1993 | 8416385 |
| seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in borno state of nigeria by sentinel surveillance. | a serosurvey for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was carried out in three well-separated population centers in borno state of nigeria in 1989-1990. the study subjects were 1,259 made up of sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic attenders, pregnant women, female prostitutes, and blood donors. sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmation was done by western blotting. the overall seroprevalence was 1.67% (21/1,259), with no significant differences from on ... | 1993 | 8417183 |
| distinguishing features of an infectious molecular clone of the highly divergent and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 uc1 strain. | a full-length infectious molecular clone was derived from the noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 uc1 strain (hiv-2uc1) that was originally recoverd from an individual from the ivory coast. like the parental isolate, the molecularly cloned virus (hiv-2uc1mc or uc1 mc) demonstrates a reduced ability to induce syncytium formation, to kill cells, and to down-modulate the cell surface cd4 receptor in infected cells. phylogenetic analysis of the dna sequence of uc1mc revealed that it is ... | 1993 | 8419635 |
| tar rna binding properties and relative transactivation activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 tat proteins. | using gel shift assays, we found that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) tat protein (tat-1) bound both hiv-1 and hiv-2 tar rnas with similar high affinities. in contrast, the hiv-2 tat protein (tat-2) bound only tar-2 rna with high affinity. we conclude that the weak in vivo activity of tat-2 on the hiv-1 long terminal repeat that has been observed previously is likely the result of low affinity for tar-1 rna. additionally, tar-2 rna was found to contain multiple specific binding s ... | 1993 | 8419640 |
| in vitro dimerization of hiv-2 leader rna in the absence of puggapua motifs. | retroviral particles contain a dimeric genome consisting of two full-length, noncovalently linked rna molecules. linkage of the two genomes is thought to be critical for a productive reverse transcription reaction and may increase genetic recombination rates. the molecular nature of the dimer linkage structure (dls) is poorly understood. it was recently shown that in vitro synthesized retroviral transcripts can dimerize in the absence of protein factors. we studied in vitro dimerization of human ... | 1993 | 8422965 |
| n-linked oligosaccharides of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins are dispensable for the interaction with the cd4 receptor. | in contrast to others groups, we have previously shown that n-linked glycans of hiv-1 and hiv-2 envelope glycoproteins do not play a major role in the gp-cd4 interaction. in order to clarify these inconsistencies, we investigated the role of n-glycans in the interaction of siv with the cd4 receptor. the inhibition of binding of radiolabeled siv envelope glycoprotein (gp140) to cd4+ cells by increasing concentrations of soluble cd4 shows that the interaction occurred with high affinity (k0.5 = 1. ... | 1993 | 8427576 |
| detection of hepatitis b virus in plasma using flow cytometric analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified dna incorporating digoxigenin-11-dutp. | blood donations are routinely screened by multiple serologic assays for antigens/antibodies associated with infection by blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2), and human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv-i and htlv-ii). a direct detection of these viruses would be more effective for the prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections than the indirect measurement of the variable host immune response to the ... | 1993 | 8427989 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleic acids detected before p24 antigenemia in a blood donor. | a blood donation from a 46-year-old homosexual man was discarded because of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. thirteen days later, the patient presented with symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. virologic investigations were performed retrospectively on blood samples (including the donated blood) obtained before the symptoms. the hiv-1 genome was present, either integrated in mononuclear cell dna or circulating in plasma, 39 days before the appearanc ... | 1993 | 8430457 |
| antiviral agents: characteristic activity spectrum depending on the molecular target with which they interact. | the target protein (enzyme) with which antiviral agents interact determines their antiviral activity spectrum. based on their activity spectrum, antiviral compounds could be divided into the following classes: (1) sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., dextran sulfate), which interact with the viral envelope glycoproteins and are inhibitory to a broad variety of enveloped viruses (i.e., retro-, herpes-, rhabdo-, and arenaviruses): (2) sah hydrolase inhibitors (i.e., neplanocin a derivatives), which are ... | 1993 | 8430518 |
| epidemiology of hiv infection in st. petersburg, russia. | overall hiv-1 prevalence in st. petersburg (leningrad) is extremely low (0.002%). hiv-2 infection has not been detected. the possible mode of virus entry was through sexual contacts with infected foreigners, the earliest documented date being prior to 1982. among 25 seropositive males, 18 are homosexual and five are bisexual, suggesting that the virus is circulating within resident population of homo/bisexual males. the total incidence of new infections has not shown the type of dramatic increas ... | 1993 | 8433286 |
| intracellular transport and virion incorporation of vpx requires interaction with other virus type-specific components. | viral protein x (vpx) is a virion-associated hiv-2/siv accessory protein that enhances viral infectivity and replication in natural target cells. to investigate whether other viral components affect its biosynthesis, subcellular localization, and virion incorporation, we expressed hiv-2 vpx in a mammalian cell system and examined its transport and packaging requirements using an in trans complementation assay. the complete vpx coding region of hiv-2st was placed under the control of a high-effic ... | 1993 | 8438567 |
| autologous neutralizing antibodies prevail in hiv-2 but not in hiv-1 infection. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) has been reported to be less pathogenic than hiv-1. we have investigated the capacity of sera from nine hiv-2-infected individuals to neutralize their own autologous virus. all nine hiv-2-infected individuals neutralized autologous virus with titers ranging between 20 and 320. in contrast, we have previously reported that most hiv-1-infected individuals lack such antibodies. the difference between hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection was statistically significant ... | 1993 | 8438591 |
| prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 infections in nigeria. | the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 infections in nigeria was estimated from 3854 serum samples collected at 21 locations from 1985 to 1990. seventy-eight samples (2.0%) were reactive for hiv-1 and 49 (1.3%) for hiv-2 antibodies; 5 samples were reactive for both viruses. the prevalence of hiv-1 and -2 infections, respectively, was highest among 60 female prostitutes, with 10% and 6.7% positive. for other groups the respective rates of positivity were 4.1% and 3.4% ... | 1993 | 8440941 |
| transdominant inhibition of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 2 replication by an envelope deletion mutant. | the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is primarily responsible for virus attachment and entry into the target cell population. we constructed an hiv-2 mutant virus containing an in-frame deletion within the putative cd4-binding sequences of the envelope glycoprotein and confirmed that the mutant envelope is unable to bind cd4 and that the mutant virus is noninfectious. to investigate whether this mutant could dominantly interfere with wild-type replication, we ... | 1993 | 8445714 |
| false-positive serologic tests for human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i among blood donors following influenza vaccination, 1992. | from october 31 through december 15, 1991, 10 blood donors to the american red cross blood services, badger region (arcbs), were found to have false-positive screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for antibodies to two or more of the following viruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (htlv-i), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). an investigation by the division of health, wisconsin department of health and social services (wdoh), and t ... | 1993 | 8446101 |
| human endothelial cells isolated from the hepatic sinusoids and the umbilical vein display a different permissiveness for hiv1. | endothelial cells are now considered as potential targets for hiv infection, together with other non-lymphoid cells. we previously demonstrated that endothelial cells isolated from the human liver sinusoids (sec) are permissive for hiv1 in vitro (steffan et al., 1992), whereas human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) do not allow replication of seven hiv1 and hiv2 strains under the same infection conditions (lafon et al., 1992). the aim of our work was to compare the permissiveness of sec ... | 1993 | 8446785 |
| antigenic and immunogenic sites of hiv-2 glycoproteins. | a new human retrovirus, hiv-2, serologically distinct from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), was first reported in 1985 and isolated in 1986 from 2 aids patients from guinea-bissau and cape verde islands. findings related to the characterization of hiv-2 antigenic and immunogenic sites that stimulate strain and type-cross-reactive immunity are illustrated; data from preliminary studies of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are presented; and epidemiological and biological characteri ... | 1993 | 8452654 |
| evaluation of testing algorithms following the use of combination hiv-1/hiv-2 eia for screening purposes. | the licensure of combination human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1/hiv-2) enzyme immunoassays (eias) by the food and drug administration has been accompanied by a recommendation that u.s. blood banks begin testing the nation's blood supply for hiv-2 by june 1, 1992. the performance of a recently licensed combination hiv-1/hiv-2 eia (genetic systems) was evaluated using 3100 sera collected in the united states. a total of 2,049 sera were obtained from populations with low risk for ... | 1993 | 8457381 |
| effect of mutations in the v3 loop of hiv-1 gp120 on infectivity and susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage. | it has been suggested that the v3 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) isolates has to interact with a cell-surface-associated or endosomal proteinase during virus entry into susceptible cells. to investigate this hypothesis, we examined the effect of several mutations in the v3 loop on its susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage by thrombin and cathepsin e and compared it with the effect of these mutations on viral infectivity. the data obtained indicate that, if an interaction ... | 1993 | 8457383 |
| identification of a region in the pr55gag-polyprotein essential for hiv-1 particle formation. | the pr55gag polyprotein of hiv-1 plays a critical role in the formation of immature virus particles in the cell and during the budding process. we investigated the influence of amino acid substitutions in the p24ca- region of the gag polyprotein on the viral assembly process. deletion of the amino acids 341-352 in the carboxy terminal part of the p24ca resulted in a loss of the capacity of the gag polyprotein to form virus-like particles when expressed in eucaryotic cells by recombinant vaccinia ... | 1993 | 8460500 |
| sentinel surveillance for hiv-2 infection in high-risk us populations. | we conducted sentinel surveillance in persons practicing behaviors known to transmit retroviruses to determine the us presence and extent of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). | 1993 | 8460726 |
| secondary structure of the hiv-2 leader rna comprising the trna-primer binding site. | the initiation of reverse transcription of a retroviral rna genome occurs by a trna primer bound near the 5' end of the genomic rna at a position called the primer-binding site (pbs). to understand the molecular basis for this rna-rna interaction, the secondary structure of the leader rna of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) rna was analyzed. in vitro synthesized hiv-2 rna was probed with various structure-specific enzymes and chemicals. a computer program was then used to predict ... | 1993 | 8464701 |
| [a multicenter study of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2) in spain (1991). the spanish group for the study of hiv-2]. | to january 1991 thirteen cases of hiv-2 infection had been reported in spain. paradoxically, neighboring countries, i.e. france and portugal, have reported more than one thousand cases, and are the most hiv-2 prevalent areas outside west africa. we report the results of a prospective, nationwide study on the prevalence of hiv-2 infection conducted in spain in 1991. in addition, an evaluation of testing methodologies is made. | 1993 | 8469039 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection among children diagnosed with protein-calorie malnutrition in nigeria. | excessive weight loss due to protein calorie malnutrition (pcm) is a significant problem in nigerian children. this syndrome may be difficult to differentiate from the wasting disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. we studied 70 children admitted to the baptist medical center in ogbomosho, nigeria in 1990 with pcm for prevalence of antibodies to hiv-1 and hiv-2. the cohort was from low-risk mothers and had a median age of 25 months (range, 4 months-9 years) with ... | 1993 | 8472780 |
| a comparison of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity and hepatitis b surface antigenemia (hbs ag) among the same group of apparently healthy pregnant women in lagos, nigeria: a preliminary report. | two hundred and fifty apparently healthy pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of the lagos university teaching hospital (luth), lagos, nigeria were screened for a comparison of the prevalence of hiv seropositivity and hepatitis b surface antigenemia (hbs ag) amongst them. the karpas aids cell test for hiv seropositivity and bioman hepatitis test kits were used as described by the manufacturers. hiv seropositive cases were confirmed using the western blot test. results re ... | 1993 | 8476507 |
| mapping of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein cd4 binding region and fusion domain with truncated proteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is more closely related to certain simian immunodeficiency viruses than to hiv-1. the hiv-1 and hiv-2 envelope (env) glycoproteins share only approximately 40% amino acid (aa) sequence homology. additionally, hiv-1 and hiv-2 seem to differ in pathogenicity and in host range. in order to identify the functional domains of the hiv-2 env glycoprotein, e.g., the cd4 binding region, the membrane anchor, and the fusion site, and to compare them to equivalent ... | 1993 | 8480426 |
| mapping the determinants of human immunodeficiency virus 2 for infectivity, replication efficiency, and cytopathicity. | human immunodeficiency virus 2 (hiv-2) isy and the newly derived hiv-2kr are infectious molecular clones that yield viruses differing markedly in their abilities to infect and/or induce syncytia in various t- and monocytoid-cell lines. chimeric viruses were constructed from these two viral genomes to localize the genetic determinants of some of these properties. envelope sequences, particularly those spanning the cd4 binding site, appear to be critical for the ability of hiv-2kr to infect molt-4 ... | 1993 | 8483938 |
| clinical correlations in hiv-1 and hiv-2 infected patients. | in portugal, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) seropositivity is higher than in other european countries or north america. recent literature data points out a possible difference on the pathogenic potential and on the natural history of hiv-1 and hiv-2, suggesting a lower virulence of hiv-2. facing these hypothesis and the increasing number of hiv-2 cases, we analysed two infected groups hiv-1 and hiv-2, trying to correlate the ophthalmologic lesions present in both p ... | 1993 | 8485393 |
| competitive eia for anti-hiv-2 detection in the gambia: use as a screening assay and to identify possible dual infections. | the performance of a competitive eia for the detection of hiv-2-specific antibody utilising a viral lysate antigen was assessed over a 3 year period in the gambia, west africa, and compared with a commercially available assay, elavia-2, using three panels of sera. an immunodominant region of the transmembrane glycoprotein of an hiv-2 isolate (ant 53) was also cloned and expressed in e. coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein and the resulting recombinant protein substituted in place of the e ... | 1993 | 8487035 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-like illness associated with systemic mycoplasma fermentans infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative homosexual man. | a 35-year-old homosexual man developed a composite nodal kaposi's sarcoma and peripheral t-cell lymphoma that were associated with a peripheral blood cd4-positive lymphocyte count of only 43/mm3. the patient subsequently developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and eventually died due to disseminated cryptococcus neoformans. numerous premortem tests for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 were negative by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, viral i ... | 1993 | 8491493 |
| [evaluation of various criteria for the interpretation of western blot for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. spanish group for the study of hiv-2]. | the western blot (wb) is the most commonly used test to confirm the presence of antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). different criteria of interpretation of the band profile have been proposed with there being no unanimity as to its reliability. the sensitivity and specificity of several criteria proposed for the interpretation of wb were evaluated and the individual significance of the reactivity of each band of the wb was analyzed. | 1993 | 8497143 |
| homologous superinfection of both producer and nonproducer hiv-infected cells is blocked at a late retrotranscription step. | an hut-78 cell clone (f12) chronically infected by a nonproducer hiv-1 variant (federico et al., (1989) aids res. hum. retroviruses 5, 385-396) is fully resistant to superinfection with hiv-1 or hiv-2. we demonstrate that, in spite of the down-regulation of cd4 receptors, superinfecting-hiv-1 and -hiv-2 cross the f12 plasma membrane (even in the presence of okt4a monoclonal antibodies) but fail to complete retrotranscription. we utilized a series of polymerase chain reaction primers designed to ... | 1993 | 8503167 |
| antiviral effects of different cd4-immunoglobulin constructs against hiv-1 and siv: immunological characterization, pharmacokinetic data and in vivo experiments. | the cd4 cell surface antigen belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1). the high affinity interaction between hiv-1 and cd4 is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. recombinant soluble cd4 (rscd4) has been shown in vitro to be an effective inhibitor of hiv-1 and hiv-2 propagation in lymphoid cells. a variety of antibody-like molecules were constructed, consisting of different parts of the extracellular domain ... | 1993 | 8503781 |
| recombination between human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv) type 1 and 2 results in generation of defective hybrid viruses. | dual infection by hiv-1 and hiv-2 is already documented. to test if this could lead to recombination and generation of altered viruses, recombination between hiv-1 and hiv-2 dnas was studied. release of recombinant viruses was detected following cotransfection of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells with truncated versions of these proviral dnas. linearization of plasmid dnas was required for virus production. analysis of viral particles by hybridization revealed the presence of viral rna. however viral ... | 1993 | 8503921 |
| [seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) in mali on 3,496 sera]. | our main objective has been geared toward the appreciation of the importance of the infection by human immunodeficiency virus in mali. our study was based on 3,496 sera deducted from march 1987 to january 1989. all positive sera at elisa have been confirmed by western blot. the total seroprevalence of the study is 8.41%. this fact has been noticed higher in prostitutes, young men, more in women than in men in widows and divorced couples, in traders, in travellers of high endemic countries. the s ... | 1993 | 8504258 |
| regulation of autoproteolysis of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteases with engineered amino acid substitutions. | autoproteolysis of the retroviral aspartyl proteases is a major obstacle to purification and analysis of these enzymes. a mutagenic approach to rendering autolytic cleavage sites less labile was applied to the primary cleavage site between leu5 and trp6 in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) protease. from predictions based on known substrates it was concluded that amino acids lys or ser in place of gln at position 7 would prevent cleavage at the leu5-trp6 peptide bond, therefore stabilizing ... | 1993 | 8505318 |
| [ancient serological traces of infections by the human immunodeficiency virus hiv-1 and hiv-2 in sub-saharan africa. a different geography]. | despite of some heavy methodological limitations, the analysis of some serological data collected before 1985 allows to establish the selective regional distribution of the two infections. hiv-2 is prevalent in the west african sites which are studied and he has been observed since the sixties. the foci and the sporadic cases of the hiv-1 which are known are localized principally in the east-central africa. (research done under the sponsorship of the a.n.r.s. (paris)). | 1993 | 8505886 |