Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molecular cloning and polymorphism of the human immune deficiency virus type 2. | we recently reported the isolation of a novel retrovirus, the human immune deficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2, previously named lav-2), from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) originating from west africa. this virus is related to hiv-1, the causative agent of the aids epidemic now spreading in central and east africa, as well as the usa and europe (see ref. 3 for review) both by its morphology and by its tropism and in vitro cytopathic effect on cd4 (t4) positive cell lines an ... | 1986 | 3025743 |
| genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the human retrovirus associated with aids in west africa, hiv-2, shows that it is evolutionarily distant from the previously characterized hiv-1. we suggest that these viruses existed long before the current aids epidemics. their biological properties are conserved in spite of limited sequence homology; this may help the determination of the structure-function relationships of the different viral elements. | 1987 | 3031510 |
| new human and simian hiv-related retroviruses possess functional transactivator (tat) gene. | new human retroviruses antigenically related to hiv and even more closely to stlv-iii have been recently isolated from individuals from some west african countries. one of these viruses, htlv-ivp, was reportedly isolated from lymphocytes of a healthy female prostitute. another isolate, lav-2fg, was obtained from an aids patient and third, sbl-6669, from an individual with lymphadenopathy. current epidemiological studies indicate that some of these virus isolates cause immune deficiency whereas o ... | 1987 | 3039372 |
| [clinical and virological study of a case of infection with the hiv-lav 2 virus]. | a case of aids due to hiv/lav2 is reported. the patient was a 32 year old man from guinea-bissau with no known risk factors. he had brain toxoplasmosis, oral thrush and chronic genital herpes. investigations for igg anti-hiv/lav1' (elisa, western blot, ripa) were negative. antibodies to hiv/lav2 were found and cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes and cerebro-spinal fluid were positive. hiv/lav2 seems to be similar to stlv-iii (mac), stlv-iii (agm), and probably htlv-iv. | 1987 | 2893571 |
| lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 2 in aids and aids-related complex. clinical and virological features in four patients. | lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 2 (hiv 2) was isolated from 3 patients with aids and 1 with aids-related complex. clinical features were similar to those in patients infected with hiv 1. viral isolates were characterised by hybridisation with hiv 1 and hiv 2 dna probes. hiv 1 and hiv 2 serological studies were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. hiv 2 igg antibodies were detected in all sera. the molecular weights of the ... | 1987 | 2879971 |
| the origins of hiv-1 and htlv-4/hiv-2. | more sophisticated knowledge of the different strains of seemingly closely related retroviruses is essential to understanding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and developing a successful vaccine. distinct exogenous human retroviruses include human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the etiologic agent in aids; human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), which has been linked with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma; and htlv-ii, a virus closely linked to htlv-i but not definitively impl ... | 1987 | 2894192 |
| [retroviruses and the development of lymphoma]. | retroviruses are small, rna-containing enveloped viruses which are widely distributed in nature. they exist in many animal species as well as in man. exogenous virus strains are horizontally transmitted between individuals of a given species, like all other virus groups. endogenous virus strains have managed some time during evolution to infect germ line cells like oocytes and spermatocytes and are thus transmitted vertically from parents to offspring. several retrovirus strains possess oncogene ... | 1987 | 2890126 |
| hiv-2, the west african aids virus. | 1987 | 3126752 | |
| relation of htlv-4 to simian and human immunodeficiency-associated viruses. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is the aetiologic agent of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in most countries and probably originated in central africa like the aids epidemic itself. evidence for a second major group of human immunodeficiency-associated retroviruses came from a report that west african human populations like wild-caught african green monkeys had serum antibodies that reacted more strongly with a simian immunodeficiency virus (stlv-3mac) (ref.6) than with hi ... | 1987 | 2823148 |
| [hiv-2 virus infection with long incubation period]. | 1987 | 2892191 | |
| absence of antibodies to hiv-2/htlv-4 in six central african nations. | we studied 1508 individuals from zaire, burundi, tanzania, zambia, kenya, and cameroon for antibodies to hiv-2/htlv-4. aids, arc, other disease or tumor patients and healthy people were sampled from 1984-1986. by radioimmunoprecipitation and sds/page analysis and/or western blot we failed to find any samples with specific antibodies to hiv-2/htlv-4 indicative of infection. in contrast, 363 of these 1508 individuals demonstrated antibodies to hiv-1/htlv-3b by the same serologic assays. hiv-2/htlv ... | 1987 | 2893632 |
| cloning of htlv-4 and its relation to simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. | although much is now known of the strain variation among the type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), which is the cause of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in the united states, europe, and central africa, much less is yet known about a second group of viruses that have been found in west africans. one member of this group, named human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 4 (htlv-4), has been isolated from healthy senegalese. another is the virus isolated from west africans with aids-li ... | 1987 | 3104797 |
| development of antiviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | antiviral agents under investigation for the treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are reviewed. multiple mechanisms exist by which antiviral agents might inhibit the replication of hiv or eradicate its latent form in affected cells, or both. these mechanisms include (1) interference with the cell surface receptor for hiv, (2) prevention of uncoating of viral particles, (3) inhibition of reverse transcriptase, (4) prevention of integration and posttranscripti ... | 1987 | 3322638 |
| cholangitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature. | we report the cases of one patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a result of human immunodeficiency virus type 1/lymphadenopathy associated virus type 1/human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type iii (hiv-1/lav-1/htlv-iii) infection and of another patient with aids related complex caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 2/lymphadenopathy associated virus type 2 (hiv-2/lav-2) infection, who were suffering from cholangitis. the manifestations and possible mechanisms for cholangitis ... | 1987 | 3322961 |
| infection of baboons with human immunodeficiency virus-2 (hiv-2) | 1987 | 3474302 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection associated with aids in west africa. | we recently reported the isolation of a new retrovirus, termed human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), from two west african patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this virus is related to but distinct from the well-characterized aids retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). we report here evidence of infection with hiv-2 in 30 patients, almost all from west africa. seventeen of them had a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from aids (7 of these 17 die ... | 1987 | 3472076 |
| anti hiv-2 serological screening in portuguese populations native from or having had close contact with africa. | to gather epidemiologic information on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2 in portugal, sera were collected in 1985 from 156 healthy adults currently living in portugal but natives of guinea bissau, cape verde islands, saint tome/prince, angola, and mozambique and from 321 native portuguese men and women who had close contact with local african populations. as a control, sera were collected from 102 health portuguese with no previous contact with africa or african natives. the e ... | 1987 | 3482159 |
| a serological survey for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 of individuals who visited health centers in tokyo. | the serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) were examined for among individuals who visited health centers in tokyo. of 8,198 sera screened, one was true-positive and 37 false-positive for hiv-1 antibodies. these 37 false-positives and 305 sera from the population groups at risk for hiv-2 (42 sojourners in africa, 251 homo- and bisexuals, and 19 prostitutes) were further examined for hiv-2 antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. no a ... | 1987 | 3483029 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. | the characterization of hiv-1 (htlv-iii/lav), the human retrovirus associated with aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect cd4-bearing t lymphocytes. simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (stlv-iiimac) induces symptoms similar to those of aids in infected macaques, but isolates from african green monkeys (stlv-iiiagm) and mangabeys (stlv-iimm) appear t ... | 1987 | 3497350 |
| [hiv infections in the frankfurt area: results of viral serologic laboratory diagnosis]. | basing on routine laboratory diagnosis of serum antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) in the years 1985 and 1986, the monthly detection rate of infection amounts to 50 persons on an average in the region of frankfurt/frg. the relation of female to male persons changed from 1:7 to 1:3 during one year. this might be influenced by a screening programme performed with female prostitutes who are found seropositive in about 2.5%. in december 1986, the first case of an hiv-2 infection ... | 1987 | 3501766 |
| dideoxynucleosides are less inhibitory in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) than against hiv-1. | the antiviral activities of various dideoxynucleosides against lav strains of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) were evaluated. significantly more 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine was required to inhibit the replication of hiv-2 than hiv-1 in three human cell lines. hiv-2 also appeared more resistant than hiv-1 to other dideoxynucleosides. these results suggest that dideoxynucleosides may be less effective in vivo for hiv-2 infection and that a broader range of clinical ... | 1987 | 3501941 |
| isolation and antigenic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in brazil. | a retrovirus infecting a brazilian aids patient was isolated and characterized in terms of its reactivity with sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). the western blot analysis revealed that the brazilian isolate is very similar to the well characterized hiv-1 strain. the serum of the patient from whom the virus was isolated did not react with the 140 kda envelope glycoprotein specific for hiv-2. | 1987 | 3507914 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| structure of the long terminal repeat of simian lymphotropic virus type iii (african green monkey) and its relatedness to that of hiv. | the simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii[agm]) is a retrovirus in wild african green monkeys which is serologically related to the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii/lav-1/hiv) and other related human retroviruses. the long terminal repeats (ltr) contained in clones of viral dna of (stlv-iii[agm]) were subcloned in m13 and their dna sequence was determined and compared with that of hiv (htlv-iii[bh10]). the stlv-iii(agm) ltr is considerably larger than that of htlv-iii(bh10) ... | 1987 | 3650101 |
| the 3'-orf protein of human immunodeficiency virus 2 shows sequence homology with the bel3 gene of the human spumaretrovirus. | the primary amino acid sequence within a domain of 89 residues of the central part of the 3'-orf protein (p27 3'-orf) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-2) shares homology with the middle and carboxy-terminal portion of the bel3 gene product of human spumaretrovirus (hsrv). in addition, a limited region of the tat protein of hiv-2 but not hiv-1 shows a 28% degree of homology to the deduced protein sequence of the bel1 gene product of hsrv. comparison between the viral sequences suggests that t ... | 1987 | 3653407 |
| use of karpas hiv cell test to detect antibodies to hiv-2. | commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for hiv-1 infection often fail to detect antibodies to hiv-2. a simplified version of the hiv cell test detects antibodies to this new virus and enables typing of hiv infections. since sera from 3 macaque monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus gave weakly positive reactions, this test holds promise for discovering any further strains of hiv that may exist or evolve. | 1987 | 2439855 |
| neutralisation of hiv isolates by anti-idiotypic antibodies which mimic the t4 (cd4) epitope: a potential aids vaccine. | polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised in mice against anti-leu3a, a mouse monoclonal anti-human t4 (cd4) antibody that blocks the in-vitro binding of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to the cd4 molecule. the anti-idiotypes recognized anti-leu3a but not okt4, an anti-human t4 antibody that does not inhibit hiv binding to cd4. the anti-idiotypes specifically reacted with the hiv envelope glycoprotein in solid-phase immunoassays. more importantly, the anti-idiotypes neutralised three d ... | 1987 | 2444842 |
| hiv infection of primate lymphocytes and conservation of the cd4 receptor. | the cd4 t-lymphocyte differentiation antigen is an essential component of the cell surface receptor for human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs) causing aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) (refs 1-3). peripheral blood lymphocytes of apes, new world and old world monkeys express cell surface antigens homologous to cd4 of human t-helper lymphocytes. the cells of several of these species can be infected in short term culture with diverse strains of the type-1 or type-2 human immunodeficiency vi ... | 1987 | 2446142 |
| the hiv 'a' (sor) gene product is essential for virus infectivity. | the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) contains several open reading frames (orfs) not present in other viruses. the 'a' gene, also known as q2 p'3, orf-1(4) or sor5, partially overlaps the pol gene; its protein product has a relative molecular mass of 23,000 (mr 23k) and is present in productively infected cells. the function of this protein is unclear; mutant viruses deleted in 'a' replicate in and kill cd4+ lymphocyte lines, but the high degree of conservation of the deduced ami ... | 1987 | 2441266 |
| the specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 transactivator is different from that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | the recently described human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv2) is significantly divergent in sequence from the more frequently isolated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv1). both hiv1 and hiv2 encode a transactivator that is capable of strongly stimulating expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat (ltr). here, we define the region of the hiv2 genome encoding the transactivator and show that the specificity of the transactivator differs from that of hiv1. by deletion analysis ... | 1987 | 2828036 |
| quarterly report to the domestic policy council on the prevalence and rate of spread of hiv and aids in the united states. | this report includes trends in reported cases of aids; trends in prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection; status of hiv-1 antibody surveys; data on hiv-2; and a comparison of aids mortality and years of potential life lost (ypll) with other major diseases. by march 14, 1988, a total of 56,212 cases of aids had been reported in the us; nearly 10,000 of these cases have been reported since the last report, on november 30, 1987. more than 31,400 cases hav ... | 1988 | 2832718 |
| further studies of hiv morphology by negative staining. | thin-section studies of hiv-1- and hiv-2-infected cells were used to establish peak virus productivity and distribution of virus on and around infected cells. maximum virus yields occurred 7 days after passage; cells at that stage were used as a source of virus for negative staining. various methods of separating virus and cells were assessed: results showed that gentle homogenization in a tenbroek-type homogenizer yielded considerably more virus than other techniques. virus obtained in this way ... | 1988 | 2468350 |
| reverse transcriptases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) are susceptible to inhibition by foscarnet and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate. | reverse transcriptases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were investigated with respect to susceptibilities to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors foscarnet and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate (azttp). the different reverse transcriptases had the same sensitivity to foscarnet (50% inhibition at 0.10 to 0.16 microm). the ki values for azttp were 0.01 to 0.02 microm for hiv-1 reverse transcriptase and 0.02 to 0.03 microm for h ... | 1988 | 2472774 |
| inhibition of hiv and virus replication by polysulphated polyxylan: hoe/bay 946, a new antiviral compound. | xylanpoly-(hydrogen sulphate) disodium salt with a molecular weight of about 6000 daltons (hoe/bay 946) completely inhibited syncytium formation induced by the infection of t lymphocytes with hiv as well as viral replication at concentrations above 25 micrograms/ml. this dose was found to be inhibitory for several strains of hiv-1 and hiv-2. low molecular weight fractions of the compound were less active against hiv, and high molecular derivatives were as active as hoe/bay 946. a direct influenc ... | 1988 | 2468349 |
| characterization of immunoreactive epitopes of the hiv-1 p41 envelope protein using fusion proteins synthesized in escherichia coli. | we have identified several immunoreactive epitopes on the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 transmembrane envelope protein by synthesizing various regions of the protein as fusions to the trpe gene in escherichia coli. ten fusion clones which expressed overlapping peptides were found to contain epitopes reactive with antibodies in sera of north american (nam) and west african (waf) patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). an immunodominant epitope which reacted with all ... | 1988 | 2456255 |
| synthetic env gp41 peptide as a sensitive and specific diagnostic reagent in different stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), based on the synthetic pentadecapeptide sgklict-tavpwnas, a segment of the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) of the virus, was developed and tested for sensitivity and specificity. sera of 152 individuals at various stages of hiv-1 infection, including two prospectively and six retrospectively studied patients exposed to hiv-1 but seronegative on initial testing in whole-virus eia and immunoblotting, ... | 1988 | 2460585 |
| molecular evolution of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | molecular evolution and phylogeny of different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv1) strains, of a type 2 (hiv2) strain, and of two simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivagm and sivmac) have been studied by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the two regions of their pol genes which encode the reverse transcriptase (rt) and endonuclease/integrase (en). the analyses show that the different hiv 1s form one cluster (hiv1 group) and that the sivs and hiv2 form another (hiv2 group). when the ent ... | 1988 | 2464734 |
| a single 66-kilodalton polypeptide processed from the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 pol polyprotein in escherichia coli displays reverse transcriptase activity. | we have cloned the entire pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 into a high-level escherichia coli expression system. induction of cultures containing the recombinant plasmid, p2rtl1, leads to rapid accumulation of polypeptides of 66, 54, and 34 kilodaltons. we have designated the larger polypeptides reverse transcriptase, and we have designated the smaller polypeptide endonuclease. purification of reverse transcriptase via ion-exchange and affinity chromatography yields the 66-kilodal ... | 1988 | 2453682 |
| dextran sulfate suppression of viruses in the hiv family: inhibition of virion binding to cd4+ cells. | the first step in the infection of human t lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is attachment to the target cell receptor, the cd4 antigen. this step may be vulnerable to attack by antibodies, chemicals, or small peptides. dextran sulfate (molecular weight approximately 8000), which has been given to patients as an anticoagulant or antilipemic agent for more than two decades, was found to block the binding of virions to various target t lymphocytes, inhibit syncytia formati ... | 1988 | 2452480 |
| the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv interact with similar epitopes on their cellular receptor, the cd4 molecule. | the cellular receptor for hiv-1 is the leucocyte differentiation antigen, cd4. blocking of hiv-1 infectivity can be achieved with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to some, but not all epitopes of this antigen. we demonstrate here, by inhibition of virus infection, blocking of syncytium formation and inhibition of pseudotype infection with a panel of cd4 mabs, that hiv-1, hiv-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates share the same cellular receptor, the cd4 glycoprotein. it is also shown th ... | 1988 | 2454642 |
| monoclonal antibodies directed against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) gag proteins with specificity for conserved epitopes in hiv-1, hiv-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against gag proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), strain htlv-iiib. one of 29 antibodies was specific for p17 of hiv-1. twenty of 28 mabs reactive with the major core protein p24 of hiv-1 showed cross-reactivity with hiv-2, and five of these also detected the corresponding antigens of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac). the mabs were reactive in several tests, i.e. elisa, immunostaining of western blots, immunofluorescence, alkaline ... | 1988 | 2457067 |
| monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 core proteins: cross-reactivity with hiv type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. | four mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed after immunization with one human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 isolate and were tested for reactivity with different hiv-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates in an immunofluorescence assay and by immunological blot analysis. one of them, an anti-capsid (p24) antibody, called r1c7, reacted with all hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv isolates tested, thus identifying an epitope shared by all hiv and siv. another anti-capsid antibody, ... | 1988 | 2457921 |
| genetic variability between isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 is comparable to the variability among hiv type 1. | the isolation from macaques of retroviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) led to the identification of a second group of human retroviruses (termed hiv-2), which are prevalent in west africa and closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). we have cloned and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the human west african retrovirus hiv-2nih-z and compared it to that of a previously described strain of hiv-2 (hiv-2rod) as well as to siv and hiv-1. we have reac ... | 1988 | 3261862 |
| adenallene and cytallene: acyclic-nucleoside analogues that inhibit replication and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. | although several antiretroviral compounds are already known, almost no acyclic nucleoside derivatives lacking an oxacyclopentane have been reported to exert significant inhibition against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in vitro. we found two unsaturated acyclic nucleoside derivatives, adenallene [9-(4'-hydroxy-1',2'-butadienyl)adenine] and cytallene [1-(4'-hydroxy-1',2'-butadienyl)cytosine], that protect various cd4+ t-cell lines from the infectivity and cytopathic effect of hiv-1. ... | 1988 | 3261865 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) in denmark]. | 1988 | 3376238 | |
| characterization of gp120 binding to cd4 and an assay that measures ability of sera to inhibit this binding. | there is evidence that the initial interaction between hiv-1 and the host that is essential for infection is the specific binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the cd4 molecule found on certain t cells and monocytes. most individuals infected with hiv develop antibodies against the gp120 protein. although in vitro treatment of cd4+ t cells with mab to a specific epitope of the cd4 molecule (t4a) blocks virus binding, syncytia formation, and infectivity, it is unclear if antibodie ... | 1988 | 3264307 |
| the global distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) infection. | we reviewed published reports of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) to provide a picture of its geographic distribution, pathogenicity, modes of transmission, and risk to the blood supply. since the first reports in 1986, 627 hiv-2-seropositive persons have been reported; 604 of these were in natives of west africa. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) had developed in 42 patients, while 8 patients had aids-related complex. transmission by sexual intercourse was the ... | 1988 | 3354049 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkey, a new member of the hiv/siv group. | some wild african green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without having any apparent symptoms of an aids-like disease. this simian immunodeficiency virus, designated sivagm, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity of hiv. some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from african green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of sivmac (siv from a rhesus macaque) here we rep ... | 1988 | 3374586 |
| [prevalence of carriers of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1 and hiv-2) in south cameroon. results of attempts to isolate retroviruses]. | in this work are summarized the results of the serological investigations about hiv1 and hiv2 done since 1986 in the republic of cameroon, using the henderson's cluster sampling method (2). with regard to neighbour countries' results, the prevalence of specific antibodies against hiv1 is weak (less than or equal to 0.5%). this is confirmed by the few number of aids (53) since 1985. the prevalence of the hiv2 antibodies carriers is null. since 1987, the centre pasteur of cameroon is able to isola ... | 1988 | 3221788 |
| west african hiv-2-related human retrovirus with attenuated cytopathicity. | clinical and seroepidemiological studies in west africa indicate that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is widespread and associated with immunodeficiency states of variable degree. in this study, an isolate of hiv-2 from a patient in senegal was molecularly cloned and characterized. this isolate (hiv-2st) was shown by hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis to be more related to the prototype hiv-2rod than to other human or primate retroviruses. cultures of hiv-2st showed genoty ... | 1988 | 3375832 |
| [prevalence of parasitic diseases and hbv and hiv viruses among black africans in prison. (study of 116 subjects)]. | a prospective survey among 116 subjects native of black africa and residing in prison was carried on, in order to estimate the prevalence of parasitosis, hb virus and hi virus infections. these subjects, all males, were selected at random among black africans, which were representative of 6.5% of the prisoners in the prison of fresnes. the average age and stay in france were respectively of 25.7 and 3.3 years. 34% had regular drug-habit (i.v. heroin intake for 8 subjects). 54% were carriers of p ... | 1988 | 3416405 |
| findings in a human immunodeficiency virus type 2-seropositive [corrected] pregnant woman and two neonates in rural guinea-bissau. | 1988 | 3422734 | |
| lack of cross-reaction in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hiv-related west african strains. | sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hiv-related west african viruses can mediate high-titered, virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) in all stages of infection. no cross-reactive adcc can be detected between hiv and hiv-related west african strains lav-2, htlv-iv, and sbl-6669. because these two groups of viruses have antigenically distinct envelope glycoproteins, adcc-mediating antibodies are most likely directed against envelope a ... | 1988 | 3335784 |
| isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 from a homosexual man in belgium. | 1988 | 3145873 | |
| human retroviral infections in the gambia: prevalence and clinical features. | the prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv 1) is lower in west africa than in other parts of africa. human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv 2) has been isolated from west african patients and may be transmitted by heterosexual contact. the prevalence of antibodies to hiv 1 and hiv 2 was studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) among various groups of subjects in the gambia, west africa--namely, prostitutes, blood donors, patients with suspected infect ... | 1988 | 3122966 |
| maternally transmitted hiv infection in children. | we evaluated 16 children at high risk for aids because of mothers infected with hiv. two children were persistently seropositive and had laboratory and clinical evidence of hiv infection but had no detectable infectious hiv in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). seven children, all of whom had clinical and laboratory evidence of hiv infection, were seropositive and virus culture-positive. one child who died at 10 months of age of candida septicemia was hiv antibody-negative but hiv ... | 1988 | 3149491 |
| clinical experience of aids in relation to hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection in a rural hospital in ivory coast, west africa. | a dramatic rise in aids cases in a rural hospital 60 km west of abidjan is described. out of 212 adult cases diagnosed between january and november 1987 as having aids, using the world health organization (who) criteria defined in bangui, 128 (60%) had antibodies to hiv-1 only, 61 (29%) had antibodies to both hiv-1 and hiv-2, 15 (7%) had antibodies to hiv-2 only and eight (4%) had no detectable antibodies to hivs. these results, taken together with those of ouattara et al. showing that both retr ... | 1988 | 2853951 |
| inhibition of infectivity and replication of hiv-2 and siv in helper t-cells by 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides in vitro. | we have previously shown that 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and their derivatives are potent inhibitors of the infectivity and cytopathic effect mediated by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). recently a new group of retroviruses has been found in individuals originating from the western part of africa. one member of this group is human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2), previously designated lymphadenopathy-associated vir ... | 1988 | 2835072 |
| structural arrangements of transcription control domains within the 5'-untranslated leader regions of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 promoters. | promoter-proximal downstream regions of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) mediate the action of the viral transcription activator protein, tat. we demonstrate here that the downstream domain of each virus interacts with two rna polymerase ii transcription factors. one of these, ctf/nf i, is a multifunctional protein associated previously with activation of transcription and dna replication. the other cellular protein, designated lbp-1 (leader-binding protein-1), recognizes rep ... | 1988 | 2847959 |
| characterization of a noncytopathic hiv-2 strain with unusual effects on cd4 expression. | a new isolate of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2, designated hiv-2uc1, was recovered from an ivory coast patient with normal lymphocyte numbers who died with neurologic symptoms. like some hiv-1 isolates, hiv-2uc1 grows rapidly to high titers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages and has a differential ability to productively infect established human cell lines of lymphocytic and monocytic origin. moreover, infection with this isolate also appears to involve the cd4 antig ... | 1988 | 2836951 |
| [severe pneumocystosis manifesting infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in a portuguese living in france]. | 1988 | 2838837 | |
| [no infection due to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 detected in 883 drug addicts]. | 1988 | 2838839 | |
| epstein-barr virus-positive and -negative b-cell lines can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) can infect cd4+ lymphocytes, monocytes-macrophages, and various other cell lines, including b-cell lines. to study the parameters of b-cell infections, we examined the susceptibility of 24 b-lymphoid cell lines to both hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections. these cell lines included a series of epstein-barr virus (ebv) genome-negative burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and their ebv-converted counterparts. to infect these cells we used two hiv-1 isolates and one hiv-2 ... | 1988 | 2841499 |
| a discrete element 3' of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 mrna initiation sites mediates transcriptional activation by an hiv trans activator. | an important point of regulation in the reproductive growth and latency of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv and siv, respectively) is provided by virally encoded trans-activators (tat), proteins capable of dramatically increasing viral gene expression. the mechanism of this autostimulatory pathway has remained unclear, however, with substantial effects having been reported at the level of either mrna accumulation, translational efficiency, or both. our previous findings indicat ... | 1988 | 2841583 |
| biologically diverse molecular variants within a single hiv-1 isolate. | aids is a disorder characterized by a slow progressive impairment of immune function and by infection of human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2). our knowledge of how these viruses cause disease in man, or how the related lentiviruses (visna and equine infectious anaemia virus) cause disease in animals, is still fragmentary. in particular, the significance of genetic variation in hiv-1, occurring within populations, within individuals and over periods of time, and the mechanisms of viral p ... | 1988 | 2841608 |
| a naturally immunogenic virion-associated protein specific for hiv-2 and siv. | the genomic organization of hiv-1 and the family of hiv-2 and siv viruses is similar. however, there is an open reading frame, orf-x, that is present in hiv-2 and siv, but not in hiv-1. the extent of protein sequence conservation in orf-x between hiv-2rod and sivmac suggests that this open reading frame encodes a gene that may be important for infectivity or replication. here, we show that the orf-x products of sivmac and hiv-2sbl-6669 are virion-associated and that the introduction of a prematu ... | 1988 | 2842694 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has an additional coding sequence in the central region of the genome. | eight coding regions designated gag, pol, env, sor, r, tat, art/trs, and 3' orf have been identified in the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). several other open reading frames have the potential to encode additional viral proteins. in this study, we show that hiv-1 has another coding sequence whose product is expressed during natural infection. unlike antibody to other hiv-1 proteins, the prevalence of antibody to the product encoded by this region is elevated in patient ... | 1988 | 2842797 |
| serological and structural comparison of immunodeficiency viruses from man, african green monkey, rhesus monkey and sooty mangabey. | we have studied the serological relationship among the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), and three simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv). sivagm was isolated from african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), and compared with the previously described isolates of sivmac from a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) and sivsm from a sooty mangabey (cercocebus atys). with respect to the glycoproteins, the simian viruses represent a subgroup apparently different from hiv. to classify hiv and ... | 1988 | 2844030 |
| oral hairy leukoplakia in a hiv-negative renal transplant patient: a marker for immunosuppression? | we report the case of a 58-year-old renal transplant patient who developed oral hairy leukoplakia. examination for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection was negative. biopsy of the lateral tongue showed ballooned prickle cells and electron microscopy revealed herpes-type viruses. in situ hybridization and examinations with the southern blot technique yielded epstein-barr virus. serology for epstein-barr virus was reactive. immunological investigation of the patient showed a marked decrease of t-helper and t ... | 1988 | 2844612 |
| characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned sivmac. | infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is probably the best animal model currently available for studying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in this report, we describe three infectious molecular clones of sivmac and one of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and their use in the study of cell and species specificity, animal infection, and the relationship of gene sequence to function. replication of the cloned viruses in different cell lines varied dramat ... | 1988 | 2846880 |
| animal models for hiv infection and aids: memorandum from a who meeting. | the human immunodeficiency virus is a member of the lentivirus subfamily of the retrovirus family. retroviruses are rna viruses which code for an rna-dependent dna polymerase (reverse transcriptase), which transcribes the rna genome into a dna provirus which, on integration with the host dna, directs the synthesis of new virions. the rna genome consists of a gag gene, which codes for the viral core proteins, a pol gene, which codes for the reverse transcriptase, an env gene, which codes for th ... | 1988 | 2850118 |
| human and simian immunodeficiency retroviruses: activation and differential transactivation of gene expression. | new west african human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-2s) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) contain functional transactivator (tat) gene and tat response elements. their long terminal repeats (ltr) and tat genes are more related among themselves than to hiv-1 ltr and tat gene. the viral gene expression of hiv-2 as well as siv can be stimulated by t cell activators, such as mitogens and phorbol esters. hiv-2 and siv display a much broader transactivation response specificity than does hiv-1. ... | 1988 | 2840105 |
| comparison of 10 enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in west african sera. | the efficacies of nine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (eia) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and one eia for antibody to hiv-2 in detecting antibody to hiv-2 were studied. the competitive eias for antibody to hiv-1 were less sensitive than the indirect eias. the overall prevalence of positive results was between 28 and 51% with the competitive eias and between 70 and 93% with the indirect eias. most of the eias were less sensitive in detecting antibody to hiv-2 in ... | 1988 | 2838498 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat: analysis of regulatory elements. | the long terminal repeats (ltrs) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and a related simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) contain cis-acting positive regulatory elements upstream and the major transactivator gene (tat) response element and a possible negative regulatory element downstream of the transcriptional initiation site. the tat response element of hiv-2 and of sivmac was more complex than that of hiv-1. two structurally similar subelements within the hiv-2 tat response ele ... | 1988 | 2849115 |
| hiv-2 in perspective. | the identification of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2 has given rise to difficulties that were not anticipated when hiv-1 was thought to be the only virus involved in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). hiv-2, which seems to be prevalent only in africa, differs from hiv-1 in its envelope and core proteins, and is more closely related to the simian aids virus than to hiv-1. commercial assay kits that use hiv-2 antigen to detect anti-hiv-2 are available from only 1-2 manufacturers, a ... | 1988 | 2896872 |
| envelope cross-reactivity in western blot for hiv-1 and hiv-2 may not indicate dual infection. | serological identification of infection with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) by western blot alone may not be sufficient to diagnose dual infection. extensive cross-reactions (eg, to envelope glycoprotein antibody) are seen on heterologous western blots. the use of other techniques, in this case competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, indicates that blot patterns previously thought to demonstrate simultaneous dual infections should be interpreted with caution ... | 1988 | 2902381 |
| adult t-cell leukemia associated with htlv-i and simultaneous infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and human herpesvirus 6 in an african woman: a clinical, virologic, and familial serologic study. | 1988 | 2904225 | |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in guinea bissau in 1980. | to determine the past prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in west africa, we tested 440 serum samples collected in 1980 from people living in rural areas of guinea bissau. the sera were screened for antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolated from rhesus macaque monkeys (sivmac) and then confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to siv, hiv-2, and hiv-1. five of the serum samples were repeatedly reactive by all assays to ... | 1988 | 3132940 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). 2: hiv infections caused by accidental exposure in medical personnel]. | 1988 | 3051710 | |
| [etiology--characteristics of hiv infection]. | in this study the structures of the aids-virus are presented, furthermore the cross-reactivity of hiv-1 and hiv-2 is described as well as the known genes of both viruses. the mechanism of cell infection, its kinetics and the special role of activated t-cells and macrophages in this process are outlined. this interrelation characterized phenomenologically based on the neopterin data available is now supported by experiments at a molecular level. this should lead to therapeutical and diagnostical ... | 1988 | 3059685 |
| [aids diagnosis: virus detection, antibody detection, diagnostic and prognostic significance of the findings]. | aids serology is of worldwide importance for the diagnosis of hiv-infection and aids, for conducting epidemiological studies, for the control of blood donations and blood products and for the determination of infectivity and prognosis in aids patients. in future serological methods may be of importance for the management of anti-hiv-therapy. screening methods, such as elisa and hemagglutination assays and confirmatory tests (western blot and immunofluorescence) nowadays offer clear cut and relia ... | 1988 | 3059686 |
| enzyme immunoassays for the demonstration of antibodies to hiv-2sbl-6669 and htlv-iv (sivmac). | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were developed for the demonstration of antibodies to hiv-2 using disrupted virions of the sbl-6669 isolate of hiv-2 and the so-called human t-lymphotropic virus type iv (htlv-iv), recently found to be identical with the simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac), as antigens. three hundred sera from west african subjects, attending an outward clinic in bissau for examination of suspected tuberculosis, were tested by these two assays as well as by a commerc ... | 1988 | 3134913 |
| the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) contains a novel gene encoding a 16 kd protein associated with mature virions. | the hiv-2 genome contains an open reading frame (designated x-orf) that does not have a counterpart in hiv-1. to establish whether x-orf is a gene, we studied its expression in hiv-2-infected individuals and in infected cells in vitro. an hiv-2 proviral dna fragment containing the x-orf was expressed in e. coli, and the recombinant protein was used in an immunoblot assay. the x-orf protein was recognized specifically by the sera of hiv-2-infected people but not by the sera of siv-infected monkey ... | 1988 | 3061415 |
| genetic locus, primary structure, and chemical synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus protease. | the genetic locus and primary structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease was determined by comparing the data of protein analyses with the published data of the gene analysis. the complete sequence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 protease was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. the synthetic protease was capable of accurately cleaving synthetic peptide substrates corresponding to known cleavage sites in gag polyproteins of hiv-1, hiv-2, and murine leukemia virus. the chemical synt ... | 1988 | 3063643 |
| transfusion transmitted human t-lymphotropic virus infections. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 has emerged during the 1980s as an important transfusion transmitted agent. the impact of hiv depends on the epidemiology and characteristics of the virus, serological response to infection and efficacy of serological tests to identify infected blood units. these factors will be described in the present article. the risk to acquire hiv today, by transfusion of anti-hiv screened blood, is extremely small in scandinavia and the western world. the risk can ... | 1988 | 3067484 |
| molecular genetics and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus. | a novel human lymphotropic virus capable of crippling the immune system by infecting and destroying t4 antigen-positive cells is now known to be the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the aids or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) belongs to a family of rna viruses called retroviruses. several strains of hiv have been molecularly cloned, and dna sequence comparisons have established that the proviral dna genome is 9.7 kilobase pairs. the genome possesses character ... | 1988 | 3073195 |
| antibodies to soluble cd4 in hiv-1-infected individuals. | a direct enzyme immunoassay (eia) using the recombinant soluble form of cd4 (scd4) produced in rodent cells as antigen was applied to detect antibodies to cd4 in sera from hiv-1- and hiv-2-infected patients. high titers of antibodies to scd4 were found in sera from 12.6% of the hiv-1-infected persons included in this study, but not in 120 normal human sera. the reactivity of these antibodies with scd4 was confirmed by a western blot analysis. a possible anti-idiotypic origin of those antibodies ... | 1988 | 3146262 |
| the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope open reading frame located after the termination codon is expressed in vivo in infected animals. | genetic comparison of sivmac to the human retroviruses generally associated with aids revealed a closer relationship to hiv-2 than to hiv-1. a common feature differentiating siv and hiv-2 from hiv-1 is the size of the transmembrane portion of the envelope, which is smaller (gp32) in sivmac and hiv-2 than in hiv-1 (gp41). the presence of this truncated form of the transmembrane glycoprotein in sivmac and hiv-2 virions is apparently related to the presence of a translation termination codon in the ... | 1988 | 3144995 |
| uveomeningoencephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus type 2-seropositive patient. | a 35-year-old woman developed longstanding uveitis and later a uveomeningoencephalitis of unknown origin and died of toxoplasmal brain abscesses. the presence of immunological impairment, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) seropositivity, and multinucleated cells in the brain led us to suspect neurotropic properties for hiv-2 similar to those of hiv-1. | 1988 | 3163906 |
| ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | the ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was determined by negative stain and thin section electron microscopy (em). some virus particles had surface projections about 10 nm in length which were evenly spaced. nonidet p40-treated particles which were penetrated by stain revealed a distinctive off-centre cone-shaped core and, in addition, free-lying cores were also seen in detergent-treated preparations. the surface of the cores was composed of a layer of small subunits. ... | 1988 | 3385410 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel protein (x-orf product) from siv and hiv-2. | a protein designated p14 was purified from a simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmne) and was shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be nearly identical to the predicted translational product of a unique open reading frame (x-orf) in the nucleotide sequences of sivmac and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). thus the x-orf is proven to be a new retroviral gene. the p14 is present in sivmne in molar amounts equivalent to those of the gag proteins. this is the first example of a retrovirus ... | 1988 | 3388031 |
| the morphology of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by negative staining. | we have examined preparations of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 by negative staining electron microscopy. hiv-2 cultures contained large numbers of 130-200 nm particles containing a 130-nm-long by 30-70 nm-wide core. this core is probably of conical or pear-shaped morphology. some particles exhibited a short fringe that could be seen to comprise a regular arrangement of repeating subunits when visualised end on. identical particles were found in hiv-1 cultures but in much lower ... | 1988 | 3171554 |
| isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | two isolates of simian retrovirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were obtained from apparently healthy mandrills, papio (mandrillus) sphinx, in western equatorial africa. this virus, designated sivmnd (simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills), appeared morphologically similar to hiv by electron microscopy, showed mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity, and induced cytopathic effect in human cd4-positive cells. western blotting (immunoblotting) analyses revealed tha ... | 1988 | 3172337 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was isolated from the total peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and the monocyte-macrophage adherent cell population of three seropositive green monkeys originating from kenya. siv from these african green monkeys (sivagm) was isolated and continuously produced with the molt-4 clone 8 (m4c18) cell line but not with a variety of other cells including hut-78, h9, cem, mt-4, u937, and uncloned molt-4 cells. once isolated, these sivagm isolates were found ... | 1988 | 3172340 |
| seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency viruses in africa. | the first generation of serological tests for anti-hiv-1 gave so many false positives with african sera that it was wrongly postulated that the virus was endemic in africa. as there is no simian or other virus sufficiently closely related to hiv-1 as to suggest a recent common ancestor, the evolution of hiv-1 is obscure and there is no current evidence to support the hypothesis of an african origin. however, the similarity of hiv-2 to siv and its geographical distribution do suggest an evolution ... | 1988 | 3191207 |
| fuchsin acid selectively inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication in vitro. | fuchsin acid, an anionic dye, is a selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) in vitro. its 50% effective dose for inhibition of hiv-1-induced cytopathogenicity in mt-4 cells and hiv-1 antigen expression in hut-78 cells is 42 and 16 microm, respectively. these values are comparable to those of suramin, the first compound shown to be a selective inhibitor of hiv-1. however, fuchsin acid is less cytotoxic than suramin. the selectivity index of fuchsin aci ... | 1988 | 3178818 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus infections (hiv-1 and hiv-2) in dakar. epidemiologic and clinical aspects]. | the authors report on the results of an investigation carried out on 109 hiv seropositives ascertained by the dakar central hospital between february 20, 1987 and may 31, 1988. these seropositives affected 44 patients with aids (0.78% of admitted patients) and 65 seropositive people of which 43 blood donors (1.35% of donors). both viruses are present in about equal number: 50 hiv1 seropositives, 44 hiv2 seropositives, and 15 composite seropositives. sex-ratio is 3,9 in favour of males; this figu ... | 1988 | 3221781 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in mali]. | this review summarises epidemiological and clinical data of hiv infection who was recognized in mali since 1985. the most important rate of seropositivity for hiv is observed in the prostitutes group (40%). the estimated seroprevalence for adult population is between 1% and 5%. 46 cases for aids are reported in both sexes. the mean age is 35 years. main signs are weight loss (91%), fever (80%), diarrhea (70%) and lymphadenopathy (50%). three among the five cases of kaposi's sarcoma are aggressiv ... | 1988 | 3221782 |
| synthesis of phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) were synthesized by sulfurization of either internucleoside phosphite linkages, in a repetitive manner during chain extension, or internucleoside hydrogen phosphonate linkages, in a single step following chain assembly. these analogues were tested as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in a cytopathic effect inhibition assay using hiv-uninfected susceptible t cells (tetanus toxoid-specific no ... | 1988 | 3243433 |
| clinical, hematologic, and immunologic cross-sectional evaluation of individuals exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2). | we studied the clinical status and certain hematologic and immunologic parameters in healthy prostitutes from dakar, senegal who were seropositive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2). generalized lymphadenopathy and clinical signs or symptoms similar to those which are seen with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection were not present. comparison to seronegative prostitutes and minor surgery control patients were made and significant elevations were seen i ... | 1988 | 3259142 |