| hematologic manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | studies were done on 53 cats with community-acquired infection with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) to determine if hematologic abnormalities were comparable with those observed in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). nine cats were asymptomatic, 24 had clinical symptoms equivalent to aids-related complex (arc), and 20 had aids-like disease. hematologic abnormalities were detected in 75% (40 of 53) of fiv-seropositive cats, and multiple concurrent cytopenias ... | 1990 | 2400806 |
| pathogenesis of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv; formerly, feline t-lymphotropic lentivirus) is a typical lentivirus resembling human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in morphologic features, protein structure, and reverse transcriptase enzyme. it is antigenically dissimilar, however. the virus is tropic for primary and permanent feline t-lymphoblastoid cells and crandell feline kidney cells. the virus did not grow in other permanent feline non-lymphoblastoid cells that were tested, or in lymphoid and non ... | 1988 | 2459996 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus, a model for reverse transcriptase-targeted chemotherapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), formerly called feline t-lymphotropic lentivirus, causes an immune deficiency in cats that is very similar to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans (n. c. pedersen, e. m. ho, m. l. brown, and j. k. yamamoto, science 235:790-793, 1987). we have examined the reverse transcriptase of this virus to determine whether it is similar enough to the reverse transcriptase of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) to enable its use as a model for che ... | 1989 | 2475068 |
| infection of peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo with feline immunodeficiency virus. | macrophages were harvested from the peritoneal cavities of healthy specific-pathogen-free cats by saline lavage. three days before collection, the peritoneal cavities were stimulated with glutaraldehyde-fixed saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to induce greater numbers of macrophages and to begin the activation sequence. peritoneal macrophages from cats stimulated once with yeast consisted mainly of small macrophages and a smaller number of larger activated macrophages. after several days in culture ... | 1989 | 2479773 |
| establishment of a feline t-lymphoblastoid cell line highly sensitive for replication of feline immunodeficiency virus. | interleukin-2 dependent feline t-lymphoblastoid cells designated as mya-1 cells were established. the cells were free from exogenous retroviruses and sensitive for replication of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). fiv can grow more efficiently in mya-1 cells than in feline primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. this line of cells will be useful not only for isolation and propagation of fiv, but also for further investigation of properties of fiv. | 1989 | 2480760 |
| preliminary comparisons of the biological properties of two strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolated in japan with fiv petaluma strain isolated in the united states. | two strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were isolated directly from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of japanese domestic cats or indirectly from pbmcs of specific pathogen free (spf) cats inoculated with whole blood from naturally infected cats with fiv by cocultivation with primary pbmcs from spf cats. two isolates, designated as fiv tm 1 and fiv tm 2, had a lentivirus-like morphology by electron microscopy, a tropism for interleukin-2 dependent t-lymphocytes and mg2+-depe ... | 1989 | 2480765 |
| what you need to know about the feline immunodeficiency virus. | | 1989 | 2537268 |
| epidemiologic and clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats from the continental united states and canada and possible mode of transmission. | the epidemiologic features of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection were evaluated in 2,765 cats from the united states and canada. of these cats, 2,254 were considered by veterinarians to be at high risk for the infection, and 511 were healthy cats considered to be at low or unknown risk. of the cats in the high-risk group, 318 (14%) were found to be infected with fiv. the infection rate among low- or unknown-risk cats was 6 of 511 (1.2%). male cats in the high-risk group were 3 times m ... | 1989 | 2537269 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of japan. | a seroepidemiologic survey for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection was conducted in japan. between june and december 1987, individual sera (n = 3,323) were submitted by veterinary practitioners from many parts of the country. specimens were from 1,739 cats with clinical signs suggestive of fiv infection and from 1,584 healthy-appearing cats seen by the same practitioners. the overall fiv infection rate among cats in japan was 960/3,323 cats (28.9%). the infection rate was more than 3 t ... | 1989 | 2537270 |
| seroepidemiologic survey of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of wake county, north carolina. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies were detected in 9 of 123 (7.3%) cats. more clinically ill cats had titers to fiv than did healthy cats (15% vs 3.6%). previous or current illnesses in these fiv-positive cats included urinary bladder disease, anemia, cat-bite abscesses, bacterial infections, bleeding disorders, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory tract disease. all fiv-positive cats were males, with mean age of 6.0 years (range, 1 to 11 years). half (n = 3) of the clinically ... | 1989 | 2537271 |
| epidemiologic observations on feline immunodeficiency virus and toxoplasma gondii coinfection in cats in baltimore, md. | five hundred eighty-five serum samples obtained between 1980 and 1981 from a diverse population of cats were tested by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). results of 14 of the samples were positive (prevalence, 2.4%). the fiv-positive cats were markedly older than the overall population and frequently were coinfected (57%) with toxoplasma gondii. the toxoplasma titers of the fiv-positive cats were significantly (p less than 0.03) highe ... | 1989 | 2537272 |
| feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in a cat with lymphoma. | lymphoma was diagnosed in a 7-year-old domestic cat found to be infected with felv and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the cat was affected by chronic disorders suggestive of immunosuppression, including gingivitis, periodontitis, keratitis, and abscesses. despite treatment, peripheral keratitis of the left eye progressed, resulting in uveitis, chronic glaucoma, and eventual corneal rupture. microscopic retinal and optic disk pathologic processes also were suspected. abnormal jaw movements ... | 1989 | 2537274 |
| chronic leukopenia associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a cat. | leukopenia attributable to lymphopenia and neutropenia was detected over a 28-week period in a 12-year-old domestic cat infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). mild normocytic, normochronic anemia also was evident. platelet counts were normal, and serum biochemical values were unremarkable. antibodies to fiv were detected in serum by use of immunofluorescence and immunoblot electrophoresis assays. cytologic evaluation of bone marrow aspirates revealed normal cellular morphologic featu ... | 1989 | 2537275 |
| demodicosis in two cats seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. | two cats were diagnosed with generalized demodicosis. serotest results were negative for felv and positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. in one cat, demodicosis resolved in response to topical application of lime-sulfur solution, but the other cat was euthanatized. | 1989 | 2537276 |
| development and evaluation of immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the feline t-lymphotropic lentivirus (feline immunodeficiency virus). | the feline t-cell lymphotropic lentivirus (feline immunodeficiency virus) is a recently described feline-specific retrovirus that can produce chronic immunodeficiency-like disorders in cats. a microdilution plate format enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect the presence of antibody to the virus in feline serum or plasma. temporal studies performed with experimentally infected animals show that seroconversion can be demonstrated 3 to 4 weeks after exposure to the virus. r ... | 1989 | 2541167 |
| prevalence of feline calicivirus, feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to fiv in cats with chronic stomatitis. | the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies were assessed in 78 british and 18 north american household cats with chronic stomatitis and in appropriate controls. in british cats, fcv was significantly (p less than 0.005) more prevalent in both hospital (92 per cent) and general practice (79 per cent) cases compared to their controls (19 per cent in both cases). a similar difference in prevalence of fcv was noted in ... | 1989 | 2541529 |
| prevalence of antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus in some cat populations. | | 1989 | 2543117 |
| diagnosis of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections. | feline leukemia virus is an oncogenic retrovirus that can result in a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, including immunosuppression. diagnosis of felv infection can be achieved by several methods, including virus isolation; ifa assay of a peripheral blood smear; and detection of a viral protein (called p27) by elisa testing of whole blood, plasma, serum, saliva, or tears. commercially available elisa kits have revolutionized felv testing and have become very popular as "in- ... | 1989 | 2549672 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) (formerly feline t-lymphotropic lentivirus or ftlv) was first isolated from a group of cats in petaluma, california in 1986. the virus is a typical lentivirus in gross and structural morphology. it replicates preferentially but not exclusively in feline t-lymphoblastoid cells, where it causes a characteristic cytopathic effect. the major structural proteins are 10, 17 (small gag), 28 (major core), 31 (endonuclease?), 41 (transmembrane?), 52 (core precursor pol ... | 1989 | 2549690 |
| [cat retroviruses and human retroviruses: elements of comparison]. | following emotional head-lines of certain articles in the press, making believe that the cat could be susceptible to the aids virus, the authors present elements of comparison between principal feline retroviruses (the feline leucosis virus and the feline immunodeficiency virus) and the two human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv). the feline leucosis virus in differentiated from the human and the feline immunodeficiency viruses by its virological, pathological and epidemiological characteristics. b ... | 1989 | 2553219 |
| prevalence of feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus in cats in the united kingdom. | a representative sample of the pet cat population of the united kingdom was surveyed. blood samples from 1204 sick and 1007 healthy cats of known breed, age and sex were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukaemia virus (felv). the prevalence of fiv was 19 per cent in sick cats and 6 per cent in healthy cats, and the prevalence of felv was 18 per cent in sick cats and 5 per cent in healthy cats; both infections were more common in domestic cats than in pedig ... | 1989 | 2554556 |
| clinical and laboratory findings in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | thirty-two cats referred to the feline studies centre between june 1987 and october 1988, and 14 in-contact cats, were found to be infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. most of the 46 cats were non-pedigree and free ranging; 27 were male (19 neutered) and 19 were female (18 neutered). their ages ranged from one to 17 years and the average age was 5.8 years. the most common clinical signs were lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, pyrexia and lymphadenopathy; most cases had multiple abnormal ... | 1989 | 2554557 |
| animal models of aids. | animal models of aids are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of retrovirus-induced immune deficiency and encephalopathy and for development and testing of new therapies and vaccines. aids and related disorders are etiologically linked to members of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses; these lymphocytopathic lentiviruses are designated human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human immuno-deficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). the only animals susceptible to experimental hiv-1 in ... | 1989 | 2556312 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus associated with an aids-like disease in cats. | | 1989 | 2558688 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus. | | 1989 | 2559687 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of pet cats from southeastern florida. | blood samples from 95 randomly selected pet cats that were brought to veterinarians in southeastern florida were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). virus-specific antibodies (indicative of virus infection) were found in 8 of the 95 (8.4%) cats tested. all of the virus-infected cats were males (statistically significant, p less than or equal to 0.016) and were at least 1 year of age. the 3 most severely ill cats infected with fiv were also infected with feline leukemia ... | 1989 | 2562225 |
| nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of feline immunodeficiency virus. | an infectious molecular clone of the petaluma strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was isolated from a recombinant bacteriophage library containing genomic dna prepared from fiv-infected crandall feline kidney (crfk) cells. the integrated provirus has a total length of 9472 base pairs. three long open reading frames corresponding to gag, pol, and env gene coding frames are evident. in addition, an open reading frame overlaps the 3' end of pol, in the region that encodes viral infectivit ... | 1989 | 2762293 |
| clinical feline toxoplasmosis. serologic diagnosis and therapeutic management of 15 cases. | clinical toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 15 cats by correlating serologic evidence of infection and clinical signs to either response to therapy or histopathologic demonstration of the organism. ophthalmic manifestations, primarily involving the anterior segment, were common. other common physical examination abnormalities included muscle hyperesthesia, fever, and weight loss. response to therapy was variable, but administration of clindamycin hydrochloride resulted in resolution of all clinical ... | 1989 | 2778747 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus: genome organization and relationship to other lentiviruses. | we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious proviral molecular clone (fiv-14) of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). fiv-14 has a genome organization similar in complexity to other lentiviruses. in addition to three large open reading frames representing the gag, pol, and env genes, at least four small open reading frames are present in the pol-env intergenic, env, and env-3' long terminal repeat regions. nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence alignments of the fiv c ... | 1989 | 2813380 |
| animal models for hiv infection and aids: memorandum from a who meeting. | the human immunodeficiency virus is a member of the lentivirus subfamily of the retrovirus family. retroviruses are rna viruses which code for an rna-dependent dna polymerase (reverse transcriptase), which transcribes the rna genome into a dna provirus which, on integration with the host dna, directs the synthesis of new virions. the rna genome consists of a gag gene, which codes for the viral core proteins, a pol gene, which codes for the reverse transcriptase, an env gene, which codes for th ... | 1988 | 2850118 |
| serological evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in uk cats from 1975-76. | | 1988 | 2850652 |
| [feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)]. | | 1989 | 2922745 |
| molecular cloning of feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a t-lymphotropic retrovirus associated with immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections in cats. the discovery of fiv provides an opportunity for the development of a small animal model for aids. to initiate the molecular and biological characterization of fiv, cdna clones were synthesized and used to isolate a proviral clone of fiv. molecular cross-hybridization analysis of fiv with five lentiviruses revealed that nucleotide-sequence similarities exist b ... | 1989 | 2928341 |
| detection of feline immunodeficiency virus in semen from seropositive domestic cats (felis catus). | electroejaculates from experimentally infected domestic cats were evaluated for the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). virus was isolated from cell-free seminal plasma and seminal cells by cocultivation with a feline interleukin-2-dependent cd4+ t-cell line, in which productive infection was demonstrated by syncytium formation and fiv gag p26 antigen secretion. in addition, an 868-bp segment of the fiv gag provirus gene was identified in cocultured cells by pcr and southern analysi ... | 1995 | 7474164 |
| isolation of a highly cytopathic lentivirus from a nondomestic cat. | a feline immunodeficiency virus-like virus (fiv-oma) isolated from a pallas' cat (otocolobus manul) is highly cytopathic in crfk cells, in contrast to the chronic, noncytolytic infection established by an fiv isolate from a domestic cat (fiv-fca). the virions have typical lentivirus morphology, density, and magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity. the major core protein is antigenically cross-reactive with that of fiv-fca; however, fiv-oma transcripts do not cross-hybridize with fiv-f ... | 1995 | 7474172 |
| population dynamics of feline immunodeficiency virus within cat populations. | a deterministic model was constructed for studying the circulation of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a feline retrovirus homologous to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), within populations of domestic cats. the model has been tested with data generated by a long-term study of several natural cat populations. simulations and a study of stability show that once introduced, the retrovirus is maintained within the population, with a stable equilibrium stage reached by both numbers of suscepti ... | 1995 | 7475091 |
| cryptococcosis in a cat seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. | a 5-year-old female siamese cat was presented to the veterinary teaching hospital with a history of bronchopneumonia for 20 days. the cat had not responded to antibacterial chemotherapy and had developed a pronounced submandibular lymphadenopathy. characteristically encapsulated yeast cells with narrow-necked buds were clearly seen in a fine-needle aspirate of the lymph node with an india ink preparation. cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was identified. susceptibility tests on the isolate ... | 1995 | 7477089 |
| [the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity and the importance of disease prevalence]. | in this paper the terms "diagnostic specificity, sensitivity and efficiency" are explained using the example of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). clinical conditions are discussed which require tests with high sensitivity and/or specificity. in addition it is shown that the prevalence of a disease is an important factor for the predictive value of a test result. for instance, tests with good specificity will lead to a high proportion of false negative values if the prevalence of the disease d ... | 1995 | 7481713 |
| immunization trial of cats with a replication-defective adenovirus type 5 expressing the env gene of feline immunodeficiency virus. | our aim was to develop a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus suitable for the vaccination of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus. we first demonstrated that this vector was able to transfer a marker gene (e. coli beta-galactosidase) in feline cells in vitro. we then constructed an adenovirus type 5 expressing the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) envelope (env) gene of the wo isolate in the absence of the rev gene (ad-env-wo). ad-env-wo was then tested in four cats in a 3 injec ... | 1995 | 7483252 |
| bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in california: risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers. | the isolation of bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease, from the blood of naturally infected domestic cats and the demonstration that cats remain bacteremic for several months suggest that cats play a major role as a reservoir for this bacterium. a convenience sample of 205 cats from northern california was selected between 1992 and 1994 to evaluate the b. henselae antibody and bacteremia prevalences and to determine the risk factors and associations between bacteremia and antibo ... | 1995 | 7494043 |
| long-term treatment of diseased, fiv-seropositive field cats with azidothymidine (azt). | the long-term effectiveness of azidothymidine (azt, zidovudine) was evaluated in fiv-seropositive cats with clinical symptoms (n = 9; group 1) compared with conventional symptomatical therapy (n = 5; group 2). the oral administration of azidothymidine at a dosage of 5 mg/kg bw yielded a mean peak plasma concentration of 4.59 microm one hour after application (median: 3.74 microm). elimination half time was 1.5 h. the permanent oral application of azidothymidine at a dosage of 5 mg/kg bw tid led ... | 1995 | 7495172 |
| rapid phenotypic reversion of zidovudine-resistant feline immunodeficiency virus without loss of drug-resistant reverse transcriptase. | we have selected and plaque purified zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine [azt])-resistant mutants from an infectious molecular clone of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the patterns of cross-resistance and drug susceptibilities of these mutants were similar to those of the azt-resistant fiv that we previously selected in vitro from a wild-type fiv population and to those of the most common azt-resistant clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. two azt-resistant mutants of ... | 1994 | 7507182 |
| ultrasensitive retrovirus detection by a reverse transcriptase assay based on product enhancement. | reverse transcriptase (rt) is an indispensable component of infectious retroviruses. we have developed an ultrasensitive rt test in which rna of bacteriophage ms2 serves as the template for rt-mediated cdna synthesis. a fragment of the cdna is selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the amplification product is analyzed by southern blot hybridization or enzyme immunoassay. the procedure was 10(6) to 10(7) times more sensitive than a conventional rt test and detected as little as 1 ... | 1994 | 7509077 |
| lentivirus cross-reactive determinants present in the capsid protein of equine infectious anaemia virus. | in this study we used immune sera from equine infectious anaemia virus (eiav)-infected horses which uniquely display broad reactivity with different lentivirus capsid proteins (ca) to characterize the cross-reactive determinants of lentivirus ca proteins. in particular, the role of the major homology region (mhr) of lentivirus ca proteins in this serological cross-reactivity was evaluated using both equine immune serum and murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the mhr segment of d ... | 1994 | 7510329 |
| monoclonal antibodies to immunodominant and neutralizing domains of the envelope surface protein of feline immunodeficiency virus. | hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the surface protein (su) of feline immunodeficiency virus were generated. four mabs were obtained which could be assigned to two groups based on their neutralization and competition behaviour. using su protein fragments expressed in escherichia coli the antigenic site recognized by one of the mabs (2h11) could be mapped to the c terminus. the neutralizing mab 1e1 did not bind to any of the su protein fragments and was directed to a c ... | 1994 | 7512121 |
| expression of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus in escherichia coli. | reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. we have purified this recombinant enzyme and shown that it is a 66-kda protein that is indistinguishable from virion-derived fiv reverse transcriptase in sensitivity to the 5'-triphosphates of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and the four 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides. the availability of large quantities of the fiv reverse transcriptase will allow more detailed physical and pharmacological stu ... | 1994 | 7514859 |
| detection of feline immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen and p24-specific antibodies by monoclonal antibody-based assays. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) detecting distinct b-cell epitopes on p24 core viral protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were employed to develop immunoassays to measure p24 concentration in culture and serum samples, to localize p24 in fiv-infected cells and tissues, and to detect anti-p24 antibodies in cat sera. in its optimized configuration the p24 capture assay detected as little as 0.25 ng/ml of protein. the assay was found at least as sensitive as the reverse transcript ... | 1994 | 7516344 |
| polyclonal b-cell activation in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | the specificity of the antibody response following natural or experimental infection of domestic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was examined. the antibody response to a range of non-viral antigens, including trinitrophenol (tnp), ovalbumin, beta-galactosidase, deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh), was measured in 220 cats naturally infected with fiv. infected cats had higher antibody levels to these antigens, in particular tnp, klh and beta-galactosidas ... | 1994 | 7518798 |
| effects of insertion of multiple ap-1 binding sites into the u3 region of the long terminal repeat of feline immunodeficiency virus. | an oligonucleotide containing multiple ap-1 binding sites was introduced into the regulatory sequence in the long terminal repeat (ltr) of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay revealed that basal promoter activity of the mutated ltr was higher than that of the wild-type ltr in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells. the mutated ltr was introduced into an infectious molecular clone of fiv and the clone was transfected into crfk cells. the virus production of t ... | 1994 | 7529991 |
| growth properties of a feline immunodeficiency virus mutant which lacks an ap-1 binding site in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | thirty-one base pairs (bp) containing putative ap-1 and ap-4 binding sequences in the u3 region of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) long terminal repeat (ltr) were deleted from an infectious molecular clone of fiv for construction of a mutant virus, and the replication rate and the cytopathogenic activity of the virus were compared with those of the wild type virus in concanavalin-a (con-a) stimulated primary feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (fpbmcs). it was found that the replicatio ... | 1994 | 7532437 |
| susceptibility in cell culture of feline immunodeficiency virus to eighteen antiviral agents. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of two strains of feline immunodeficiency virus to 18 antiviral agents were determined in two cell lines. in terms of inhibiting p24 antigen production, the nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors were the most effective compounds. inhibition was also observed with aurintricarboxylic acid, phosphonoformate and butyldeoxynorjirimycin, but not with the other agents tested. | 1994 | 7532645 |
| longitudinal assessment of feline immunodeficiency virus kinetics in plasma by use of a quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase pcr. | cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) develop a disease syndrome similar to that caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in humans. hiv-1 replication has been shown to correlate with the disease stage and progression. to assess replication kinetics and disease progression in early fiv infection, we developed a quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase pcr to measure the plasma virus load at serial time points after virus exposure. we found that an ea ... | 1995 | 7533856 |
| dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits replication of feline immunodeficiency virus in chronically infected cells. | dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that serves as an intermediary in sex steroid synthesis. dhea is produced in abundance by humans and most other warm-blooded animals. based upon previous reports demonstrating the antiviral and immunostimulatory activities of dhea and dhea-sulfate (dheas) we sought to determine whether introduction of these compounds would affect replication of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in chronically infected cells. when ... | 1995 | 7542411 |
| two different mutations in the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus allow the virus to escape from neutralization by feline serum antibodies. | viral progeny of two molecular clones of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), 19k1 and 19k32, were tested in a virus neutralization assay. in this assay the infection of thymocytes with fiv19k1 was neutralized by serum s1422, derived from an spf cat 22 weeks after infection with fiv19k1. we previously reported that a point mutation at position 560 in hypervariable region-5 (hv-5) of 19k1 confers resistance to virus neutralization (siebelink et al., 1993, j. virol. 67:2202-2208). viral progeny of ... | 1995 | 7542412 |
| a determinant of feline immunodeficiency virus involved in crandell feline kidney cell tropism. | viral progeny of the molecular clone 19k1 of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) can infect feline t-cells but not crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells. in contrast, the biological isolate fiv-am6c, which was crfk adapted by co-cultivation of fiv-am6 infected thymocytes with crfk cells, can infect both thymocytes and crfk cells. the envelope gene of fiv-am6c was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using dna from infected crfk cells, and subsequently cloned and sequenced. to map viral determina ... | 1995 | 7542413 |
| evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus replication in cultured kupffer cells. | to determine if cultured feline kupffer cells (kc) are as permissive for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) as cultured human liver macrophages are for hiv. two types of infection likely to be relevant to the in vivo situation were used. kc were infected with either free virus or autologous infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). | 1995 | 7543759 |
| induction of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses following immunization with a multiple antigenic peptide from the envelope v3 domain. | cytotoxic t-cell determinants should be an important component of a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). epitope mapping studies have revealed an immunodominant neutralization epitope within the third variable (v3) domain of the viral envelope glycoprotein comprizing 17 amino acids (residues 390-406: raisswkqrnrwewrpd). we have investigated the induction of fiv-specific cytotoxicity and anti-peptide antibody in cats immunized with a multiple antigenic peptide (map) containing thi ... | 1995 | 7543872 |
| development of monoclonal antibodies and capture immunoassays for feline immunodeficiency virus. | we generated monoclonal antibodies (mab) against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and characterized these mab by single competition enzyme immunoassays (eia), immunoblot analysis, and radioimmunoprecipitation. four mab identified 3 distinct epitopes of the fiv p24/26 gag major core protein. one mab recognized the p16/17 gag protein; none recognized envelope proteins. we developed an fiv p26 antigen capture eia that proved more sensitive (0.5 ng of p26/ml), less expensive, and less time-consum ... | 1995 | 7544555 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase: expression, functional characterization, and reconstitution of the 66- and 51-kilodalton subunits. | the two subunits of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) reverse transcriptase (rt) were cloned and functionally expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant proteins are enzymatically active as homodimers (p66 and p51) as well as a heterodimer p66/p51. the biochemical properties of the fiv rt are very similar to those of the counterpart of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in being an rna-dependent and dna-dependent dna polymerase. when a double-stranded dna containing a small gap of ... | 1995 | 7545246 |
| quantification of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) proviral dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cats infected with japanese strains of fiv. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was applied for measurement of the proviral dna copy number of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of cats experimentally and naturally infected with fiv. in experimentally infected cats except one cat infected with the petaluma strain, fiv-specific dnas were efficiently amplified with the pcr method under the conditions used in this study. in the naturally fiv-infected cats, the specific dnas were also ampli ... | 1995 | 7548402 |
| examination of variables affecting syncytium formation by, and serum neutralization of, feline immunodeficiency virus on crfk cells. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) induces syncytia in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells grown in low fetal bovine serum-containing medium. this finding has allowed the development of sensitive fiv titration and neutralization assays using syncytium formation as an indicator of infection. in this report we examine several variables that can influence number and size of syncytia. in addition, by performing assays under rigidly controlled culture conditions, we confirm that serum neutraliza ... | 1995 | 7553358 |
| cytokine production by cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: a longitudinal study. | the immune responsiveness of cats naturally or experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was studied. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from naturally infected, symptomatic animals displayed depressed proliferation and interleukin-2 (il-2) production in response to mitogens, which was accompanied by a significant increase in il-1, il-6 and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) production. longitudinal studies were performed over a period of 4 years in experimentally infecte ... | 1995 | 7558151 |
| a rapid antiviral in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for feline immunodeficiency virus. | an in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed as a rapid alternative to the focal infectivity assay (fia) for screening potential anti-retroviral molecules. the assay utilizes 96-well microtiter plates to allow for determination of antiviral effect and cytotoxicity of multiple compounds simultaneously. in contrast to the fia which requires visual scoring of foci under low-power microscopy, the 96-well elisa is read spectrophotometrically based on the soluble alkaline phospha ... | 1995 | 7559855 |
| enhanced expression of novel cd57+cd8+ lak cells from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | as a model for lymphokine-activated killer (lak) function in hiv infection, we studied lak cells in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), which causes an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in concanavalin a and interleukin-2 developed lak cytotoxicity against chronically fiv-infected crfk cells and acutely infected cd4+ lymphocytes but not uninfected cells. lak cells from fiv+ cats were more cytotoxic than lak cells from uninfected c ... | 1995 | 7561518 |
| temporal patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus transcripts in peripheral blood cells during the latent stage of infection. | we have investigated the in vivo state of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of chronically fiv-infected, asymptomatic cats. fiv was detected in a high percentage of pbmc but not in the plasma of these cats. by quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) analysis. fiv transcriptional status in the pbmc was characterized by extremely low or undetectable levels of unspliced or singly spliced mrnas and predominantly multiply spliced mr ... | 1995 | 7561756 |
| lentivirus infection in an african lion: a clinical, pathologic and virologic study. | in may 1991, clinical, pathologic, and virologic investigations were carried out on an 8-yr-old male lion (panthera leo), with recurrent infections, in captivity with two lionesses in the zoological garden of pistoia, tuscany, italy. the lion had severe pneumonia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and an increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatininemia; in spite of therapy, it died within 3 months. at necropsy, the animal had a lymphoma and other lesions similar to those described in feline immuno ... | 1995 | 7563428 |
| comparison of serological tests for the diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection of cats. | a new enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus was compared with previously described elisas. serum samples from 184 infected or uninfected cats were tested using a whole virus lysate kit and elisas based on recognition of one of two synthetic peptides (p237 and p253) localized in the transmembrane domain of the viral envelope. the whole virus lysate commercial kit led to the detection of 6% false positive and 4.3% false negative ... | 1995 | 7571377 |
| defective natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. | flow cytometry has been employed to study nk cell cytotoxic activity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. the results show that animals infected for 12 months or more have decreased levels of nk cell cytotoxic activity in their blood. the impairment could not be overcome by in vitro treatment of effector cells with interleukin 2. additional results suggest that the nk cells of infected cats are defective, in that they are still able to bind to target cells but have a reduced abil ... | 1995 | 7576935 |
| animal models recapitulate aspects of hiv/cns disease. | neurobehavioral and pathological data indicate that the central nervous system (cns) becomes infected with hiv-1 soon after the virus enters the body. however, neuropathogenesis of hiv-1 infection is difficult to investigate because the brain parenchyma is not accessible to sampling during the course of aids. the second compartment of the cns, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), is accessible to sampling but how changes in the csf relate to the changes in the parenchyma is poorly understood. thus, knowle ... | 1995 | 7576936 |
| testing anti-hiv drugs in the fiv model. | | 1995 | 7585083 |
| the restricted igg1 antibody response to maedi visna virus is seen following infection but not following immunization with recombinant gag protein. | maedi-visna (mvv) is a retrovirus of the subfamily lentivirinae which includes hiv, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). infection of its natural host, the sheep, does not cause overt immunodeficiency, but rather a chronic inflammatory disease. however, subtle immunological changes following infection have been reported including a sheep igg1 subclass-restricted mvv-neutralizing antibody. here we demonstrate by western blotting that there is no igg2 serum ... | 1995 | 7586678 |
| neurobiology of simian and feline immunodeficiency virus infections. | | 1995 | 7587360 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus as a model for study of lentivirus infection of the central nervous system. | feline immunodeficiency virus infects the cns and results in predictable pathophysiology strikingly similar to that seen with hiv-1 infection of humans. the observed pathophysiology is mimicked in several physiologically assessed modalities, further supporting the validity of the feline model. peripheral and control evoked potential findings and the occurrence of the sleep architecture changes in both cat and human disease provide an intriguing focus for further investigation. although structura ... | 1995 | 7587362 |
| competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for quantitation of feline immunodeficiency virus. | a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to quantify rna of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in cats. the assay uses in vitro synthesized rna derived from the gag region of the fiv genome as a competitive internal control. the synthesized rna has a 22-base deletion with respect to the wild-type sequence. pcr products were quantitated by densitometric analysis of a digitalized image of the ethidium bromide stained gel. the non-radioactive method was ... | 1995 | 7601907 |
| a single mutation within the v3 envelope neutralization domain of feline immunodeficiency virus determines its tropism for crfk cells. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates differ in the ability to replicate in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells. the difference in tropism between two variants of the dutch isolate fiv-ut113 was studied by using molecular clones which contained the envelope genes of the variants in a background of the fiv-14 petaluma sequence. virus produced from clone ppet-113th replicated in thymocytes, whereas virus from ppet-113cr propagated in both thymocytes and crfk cells, thereby reflecting the ph ... | 1995 | 7609041 |
| neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus by polyclonal feline antibody: simultaneous involvement of hypervariable regions 4 and 5 of the surface glycoprotein. | sites involved in antibody-mediated neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus were mapped by reciprocal exchange of envelope fragments or amino acids between molecular clones of feline immunodeficiency virus with different susceptibilities to neutralization by a polyclonal cat serum. combinations of mutations within hv-4 or within hv-4 and hv-5 changed the susceptibility of the viruses to neutralizing antibody. | 1995 | 7609081 |
| analysis of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets in cats with naturally-occurring cryptococcosis but differing feline immunodeficiency virus status. | although cryptococcosis is a well-characterised disease of cats, the factors predisposing individuals to infection are unknown. as an indication of the immune status of an individual, lymphocyte subsets can be analysed. reference ranges for feline lymphocyte subsets (pan t+, cd4+, cd8+ and b cells) were established using a rapid whole blood technique and flow cytometry. there were no effects of age or sex on lymphocyte subset values. the numbers of circulating leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets w ... | 1995 | 7611989 |
| is it possible to catch leukemia from a cat? | | 1995 | 7616826 |
| feline retroviruses. proceedings of an international symposium. research triangle park, north carolina, 6-9 october 1993. | | 1995 | 7618249 |
| fiv vaccine studies. i. immune response to recombinant fiv env gene products and outcome after challenge infection. | we have vaccinated five groups of cats (n = 25) four times with five preparations of recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) env gene products; one group (n = 7) served as control. the vaccine formulations were as follows: (1) envelope glycoprotein of fiv zurich 2 (fiv z2) expressed in a baculovirus system and isolated by gel electroelution (denatured form); (2) insect cells expressing fiv z2 glycoprotein; (3) envelope glycoprotein of a boston strain (fiv bangston) expressed in insect ce ... | 1995 | 7618250 |
| fiv vaccine studies. ii. clinical findings, hematological changes and kinetics of blood lymphocyte subsets. | five groups of cats were vaccinated with different recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) su vaccines expressed either in escherichia coli or in the baculovirus system. in part i of this series, we described the humoral immune response and outcome of intraperitoneal fiv challenge exposure. additionally, all cats were monitored for clinical and hematological changes and the course of blood lymphocyte subsets. these results are described in this present paper. a great increase of antibodi ... | 1995 | 7618251 |
| recombinant felv vaccine: long-term protection and effect on course and outcome of fiv infection. | the efficacy and the long-term protection of a recombinant feline leukemia virus (felv) vaccine were determined in 30 specified pathogen free cats for over 3 years. at the same time, in order to specify the effects of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) on the immune system, one half of the cats (n = 15) were previously infected with the swiss isolate fiv zurich 2. the second half of the animals (n = 15) served as non-infected controls. eighteen (nine fiv-negative, nine fiv-positive) vaccinated ... | 1995 | 7618252 |
| renal involvement in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: p24 antigen detection, virus isolation and pcr analysis. | renal alterations characterized morphologically by glomerular and tubulo-interstitial lesions and clinically by a heavy proteinuria and sometimes by renal failure are frequent in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infected cats. to investigate the possible role of local fiv replication in the genesis of this renal damage, renal tissues of 15 consecutive naturally infected and five non-infected cats were examined for traces of the virus by immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal anti-p24 antibo ... | 1995 | 7618253 |
| vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus using fixed infected cells. | crandell feline kidney cells and feline thymocytes, either feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infected or uninfected, were fixed with paraformaldehyde and used to vaccinate cats. the cells were mixed with a 30:70 water/mineral oil emulsion containing 250 micrograms ml-1 n-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl-beta-(1-4)-n-acetyl-muramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutam ine. eighteen specific pathogen-free cats were vaccinated three times with 3-week intervals and challenged 21 days after the final boost with a low dose of ... | 1995 | 7618254 |
| fiv infection of macrophages: in vitro and in vivo inhibition by dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate. | we have evaluated in vitro and in vivo whether it is possible to protect cat macrophages from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection by the administration of dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (ddctp). since cell membranes are impermeable to phosphorylated drugs we have encapsulated ddctp into autologous erythrocytes and modified erythrocyte membranes to target these drug-loaded cells to macrophages. ddctp-loaded erythrocytes reduced fiv production by macrophages infected in vitro or obtaine ... | 1995 | 7618255 |
| reduced provirus burden and enhanced humoral immune function in azt-treated scid-feline mice inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus. | the lack of a safe, economical murine lentivirus model for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection of humans has hampered the preclinical evaluation of potential antiviral compounds, vaccines, and biological response modifiers. a small animal model that does not employ hiv-1 is needed to minimize risk of accidental human exposure, enhance efficient use of scarce experimental compounds, and reduce laboratory space necessary to conduct statistically significant in vivo trials. feline ... | 1995 | 7618256 |
| quantification of lymphadenopathy in experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domestic cats. | nine cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and six fiv-negative cats were necropsied to assess the effect of fiv infection on lymph nodes. the fiv infected cats were inoculated with 10(5) tcid50 21-22 weeks previously. the combined weights of all lymph nodes and the combined lymph node to organ weight ratios were significantly greater in fiv-infected cats when compared to uninfected cats. additionally, by examining all nodes in the body, a regionally severe lympha ... | 1995 | 7618259 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha responses are depressed and interleukin-6 responses unaltered in feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a lentivirus similar to hiv, causes an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. similar to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the pathogenesis of fiv is associated with dysregulation of the cytokine network. while alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-6 (il-6) expression have been reported in hiv-infected patients, changes attributable to hiv and those caused by cofactors such as secondary infections cannot always be readi ... | 1995 | 7618260 |
| the feline lymphoid cell line mbm and its use for feline immunodeficiency virus isolation and quantitation. | we report on the development of a feline t lymphoblastoid cell line obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of a specific pathogen free cat and designated mbm. the cells are pan-t+, cd4- and cd8- and remained interleukin-2-dependent and concanavalin a-dependent throughout the period of observation. mbm cells have proved at least as sensitive as fresh blasts to infection with cell-free stocks of three feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates. upon infection, they exhibit a ... | 1995 | 7618261 |
| serological diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection using recombinant transmembrane glycoprotein. | we developed an antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant surface (su), transmembrane (tm) and capsid (ca) antigens of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) expressed in escherichia coli. the three antigens were tested with sera collected from experimentally infected cats in order to follow the course of seroconversion and of the antibody levels throughout the infection. an early and marked increase of tm antibodies was observed. antibodies to tm were demonstra ... | 1995 | 7618262 |
| evaluation of an autologous red cell agglutination test, vetred fiv, for the presence of fiv antibody in cats. | a commercially available whole blood agglutination test, vetred fiv, used for the detection of antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), was evaluated. the test is based on the use of a synthetic peptide conjugated to a non-agglutinating anti-feline red blood cell monoclonal antibody. the amino acid sequence of the synthetic peptide was derived from the predicted sequence of the transmembrane protein of fiv. the sensitivity and specificity of vetred fiv was 100% when 34 known fiv-positi ... | 1995 | 7618263 |
| analysis of a feline immunodeficiency virus provirus reveals patterns of gene sequence conservation distinct from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | | 1995 | 7632468 |
| epitope mapping of the v3 domain of feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of six igg monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was produced by immunizing mice with a 22 amino acid synthetic peptide, designated v3.3, of the third variable region of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) envelope glycoprotein. this peptide is known to induce neutralizing antibodies in cats. in elisa all mabs reacted with purified sds-disrupted fiv and in flow cytometry all mabs stained permeated, persistently infected fl4 cells but not unfixed fl4 cells; this indicated that the mabs recognize e ... | 1995 | 7636470 |
| increased mutation frequency of feline immunodeficiency virus lacking functional deoxyuridine-triphosphatase. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) encodes the enzyme deoxyuridine-triphosphatase (du; ec 3.6.1.23) between the coding regions for reverse transcriptase and integrase in the pol gene. here, we report the in vivo infection of cats with a du- variant of the ppr strain of fiv and compare its growth properties and tissue distribution with those of wild-type fiv-ppr. the results reveal several important points: (i) du- fiv is able to infect the cat, with kinetics similar to that observed with wild-t ... | 1995 | 7638216 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the long terminal repeat of feline immunodeficiency viruses from japan, argentina and australia. | the nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeat of five japanese, five argentine and three australian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were determined and compared with those of isolates previously described. the results revealed that the japanese isolates were found to cluster with nucleotide sequence similarity of 95.6%-99.4%. the australian isolates also clustered with nucleotide sequence similarity of 97.2%-99.4%. the argentine isolates formed two groups; the lp9 isolate ... | 1995 | 7646348 |
| circulating immune complexes and analysis of renal immune deposits in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. | total immunoglobulin content and concentration of immune complexes (ic) were determined in the sera of 51 cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and of 40 controls. igg and igm were quantified by radial immunodiffusion and circulating ic (cic) by the cic-conglutinin assay. igg fractions were obtained by acid elution from kidney tissues of 15 fiv-infected and five negative control cats to investigate the possible role of ic in the genesis of renal damage observed in infected anima ... | 1995 | 7648709 |
| laser cytometric analysis of fiv-induced injury in astroglia. | glia are the predominant brain cells infected by the lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the importance of astrocytes in maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis suggests that astrocytes are likely to play a strategic role in the progression of neurological disease in lentiviral-infected patients. in consideration of this postulate, the ability of fiv to cause injury by infection of cultured feline astroglia was examined via vital flu ... | 1995 | 7649618 |
| treatment of cats with ocular disease attributable to herpesvirus infection: 17 cases (1983-1993). | medical records of 17 cats with ocular disease attributable to herpesvirus injection were reviewed. herpesvirus infection was confirmed by a positive result on an immunofluorescent antibody test or by detection of dendritic corneal ulcers. cats were 3 months to 23 years old (mean, 4.8 years). sex or breed predilections were not evident. vaccination history was available for 13 cats, 9 of which had been adequately vaccinated against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calici, and panleukopenia viruses. ... | 1995 | 7649774 |
| haematological disorders associated with feline retrovirus infections. | feline oncornavirus and lentivirus infections have provided useful models to characterize the virus and host cell factors involved in a variety of marrow suppressive disorders and haematological malignancies. exciting recent progress has been made in the characterization of the viral genotypic features involved in felv-associated diseases. molecular studies have clearly defined the causal role of variant felv env gene determinants in two disorders: the t-lymphocyte cytopathicity and the clinical ... | 1995 | 7663052 |
| structure of an inhibitor complex of the proteinase from feline immunodeficiency virus. | the crystal structure of a recombinant form of the proteinase encoded by the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv pr) has been solved at 2 a resolution and refined to an r-factor of 0.148. the refined structure includes a peptidomimetic, statine-based inhibitor, lp-149, which is an even more potent inhibitor of hiv pr. kinetic parameters were obtained for the cleavage of five substrates by fiv pr, and inhibition constants were measured for four inhibitors. the structure of fiv pr resembles other r ... | 1995 | 7664111 |