| infections of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline retrovirus infections have been extensively studied for more than 30 years as an animal model for the persistent infections and pathogenesis caused by retroviruses in general. two retroviruses, feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), have been recognized as causative agents of a variety of diseases including proliferative and degenerative diseases. recent studies revealed the receptors of felv, its variants and fiv. felvs utilize at least three distinct recep ... | 2002 | 11815291 |
| testing for felv and fiv infection. | | 2002 | 11817865 |
| in-house diagnostic test kits. | | 2002 | 11829075 |
| longitudinal analysis of feline leukemia virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: correlation with recovery from infection. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a common naturally occurring gammaretrovirus of domestic cats that is associated with degenerative diseases of the hematopoietic system, immunodeficiency, and neoplasia. although the majority of cats exposed to felv develop a transient infection and recover, a proportion of cats become persistently viremic and many subsequently develop fatal diseases. to define the dominant host immune effector mechanisms responsible for the outcome of infection, we studied the lo ... | 2002 | 11836409 |
| kinetics of early fiv infection in cats exposed via the vaginal versus intravenous route. | to determine the influence of route of virus exposure on early pathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, cats were exposed to either of two fiv isolates (fiv-b-2542 or fiv-a-ppr) by vaginal or intravenous (iv) inoculation. exposure to either virus clade by either route of inoculation resulted in vaginal and systemic infection. peak plasma viremia and tissue proviral burden were 1-3 log(10) greater in cats infected with fiv-b-2542 vs. fiv-a-ppr, irrespective of inoculation ro ... | 2002 | 11839157 |
| protection against feline immunodeficiency virus using replication defective proviral dna vaccines with feline interleukin-12 and -18. | a molecular clone of the glasgow-8 isolate of fiv (fivgl8) was rendered replication defective by an in-frame deletion in either reverse transcriptase (deltart) or integrase (deltain) genes for use as dna vaccines. to test the ability of these multi-gene vaccines to protect against two feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates of differing virulence, cats were immunized using either dna vaccine alone or co-administered with interleukin-12 (il-12) and/or interleukin-18 (il-18) cytokine dna. ani ... | 2002 | 11858854 |
| envelope gene-mediated neurovirulence in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: induction of matrix metalloproteinases and neuronal injury. | the release of neurotoxins by activated brain macrophages or microglia is one mechanism proposed to contribute to the development of neurological disease following infection by lentiviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). since molecular diversity in the lentiviral envelope gene influences the expression of host molecules implicated in neuronal injury, the role of the envelope sequence in fiv neuropathogenesis was investigated by using the neurovirulent fiv strain v1csf, the nonn ... | 2002 | 11861828 |
| decreased expression of map-2 and gad in the brain of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | hiv-1 infection is often complicated by the dysfunction of central nervous system (cns). degenerative neuronal changes as well as neuronal loss have been documented in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes similar cns manifestation and fiv infected cats provide an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus infection in humans. in this study, we examined the brain of fiv-infected cats and controls with immunohistochemical techniques usi ... | 2001 | 11874247 |
| selective gene transfer to key cardiovascular regions of the brain: comparison of two viral vector systems. | the systemic renin-angiotensin system (ras) plays a critical role in cardiovascular (cv) homeostasis. all components of the ras are also known to be produced cell-specifically within specific brain regions, although the role of the brain ras relative to the systemic ras has remained a puzzle due to the difficulty of dissecting these two systems. selectively targeting these regions with genes that modify the ras could help unravel this puzzle. we compared the ability of adenovirus (ad) and lentiv ... | 2002 | 11882616 |
| gene transfer to the brain using feline immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vectors. | | 2002 | 11883084 |
| gene transfer to airway epithelia using feline immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vectors. | | 2002 | 11883087 |
| nonprimate lentiviral vectors. | | 2002 | 11892254 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus-mediated gene therapy of middle ear mucosa cells. | to investigate the feasibility of gene therapy of the middle ear mucosa using a novel vector. | 2002 | 11893454 |
| destabilization of neuronal calcium homeostasis by factors secreted from choroid plexus macrophage cultures in response to feline immunodeficiency virus. | the choroid plexus contains a major reservoir of macrophages poised for efficient delivery of virus and neurotoxins to the brain after infection by lentiviruses such as human or feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). however, their contribution to neurotoxicity is poorly understood. medium from fiv-infected, choroid plexus macrophages applied to cultured feline cortical neurons induced a small acute calcium rise followed by either a delayed calcium deregulation (41%) or swelling and bursting (23%) ... | 2002 | 11895370 |
| detection of feline immunodeficiency virus rna by two nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) formats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is an aids-inducing lentivirus that infects domestic cats worldwide. because of its clinicopathologic similarities to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, the fiv/cat infection system is a valuable animal model for investigating comparative aspects of hiv-1 biology. an assay that detects quickly and efficiently fiv rna in relatively small volume samples of feline blood or other body fluids would be of benefit in studies of viral transmission ... | 2002 | 11906728 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus xenoinfection: the role of chemokine receptors and envelope diversity. | the use of chemokine receptors as cell recognition signals is a property common to several lentiviruses, including feline, human, and simian immunodeficiency viruses. previously, two feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates, v1csf and petaluma, were shown to use chemokine receptors in a strain-dependent manner to infect human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) (j. johnston and c. power, j. virol. 73:2491-2498, 1999). since the sequences of these viruses differed primarily in regions o ... | 2002 | 11907202 |
| disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection in a fiv-positive cat. | an 8-year-old fiv-positive australian cat was presented with coughing, periocular alopecia, pyrexia and inappetence. skin scrapings demonstrated demodex cati mites. antibiotics were administered and it was treated successfully for periocular demodectic mange, but the cat continued to exhibit respiratory signs and lose weight. further investigation revealed an ascarid infection and active chronic inflammation of undetected cause affecting the lower airways. repetitive treatment with pyrantel fail ... | 1999 | 11919012 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus infection is characterized by b7+ctla4+ t cell apoptosis. | the b7.1 and b7.2 costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells provide second signals for regulating t cell immune responses via cd28 and cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4 (ctla4) on t cells. cd28 signals cell proliferation, whereas ctla4 signals for anergy or apoptosis, terminating the immune response. because t cell apoptosis and immunodeficiency is a characteristic of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats, it is possible that negative t cell signaling via b7 and ctla4 may be ... | 2002 | 11930318 |
| gene transfer to the nonhuman primate retina with recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. | we hypothesize that recombinant feline immunodeficiency viral (rfiv) vectors may be useful for gene transfer to the nonhuman primate retina. we performed vitrectomies and subretinal injections in the right eyes of 11 cynomolgus monkeys. vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped rfiv that expressed the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was injected into eight eyes. sham vehicle or lactose buffer injections were also performed in two of these eight study eyes. rfiv pseudotyped wit ... | 2002 | 11936968 |
| involvement of cytolytic and non-cytolytic t cells in the control of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | the appearance of non-cytolytic t cells that suppressed feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) replication in vitro, and fiv-specific cytotoxic t cell (ctl) responses was compared in a group of seven, specific pathogen free (spf) domestic cats following primary infection with the glasgow(8) isolate of fiv (fiv(gl-8)). fiv proviral burdens were quantified in the blood and lymphoid tissues by real-time pcr. non-cytolytic t cell suppression of fiv replication was measured by co-cultivating lymphoblast ... | 2002 | 11943317 |
| is azt/3tc therapy effective against fiv infection or immunopathogenesis? | in vitro and in vivo prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of azt/3tc treatment was evaluated against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection. in vitro studies utilized fiv-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) or fiv-infected t-cell lines treated with azt (azidothymidine) alone, 3tc alone, or azt/3tc combination and tested for anti-fiv activity and drug toxicity. azt/3tc combination had additive to synergistic anti-fiv activities in primary pbmc but not in chronically infect ... | 2002 | 11943320 |
| functional correction of established central nervous system deficits in an animal model of lysosomal storage disease with feline immunodeficiency virus-based vectors. | gene transfer vectors based on lentiviruses can transduce terminally differentiated cells in the brain; however, their ability to reverse established behavioral deficits in animal models of neurodegeneration has not previously been tested. when recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-based vectors expressing beta-glucuronidase were unilaterally injected into the striatum of adult beta-glucuronidase deficient [mucopolysaccharidosis type vii (mps vii)] mice, an animal model of lysosomal st ... | 2002 | 11959904 |
| recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. preparation and use. | | 2002 | 11987787 |
| a multivariate statistical analysis to follow the course of disease after infection of cats with different strains of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). | a descriptive multivariate assay is described which is suitable to analyze results of a biological experiment with small sample size but high qualitative and quantitative complexity of variables. this type of assay allows evaluation of multiple variables observed in the course of an experimental virus infection (e.g. viremia, nucleic acid detection, antibody titers, clinical parameters, anti-microbial treatments or vaccination) in a single graph. in our study, a multiple correspondence analysis ... | 2002 | 12008010 |
| evolution of replication efficiency following infection with a molecularly cloned feline immunodeficiency virus of low virulence. | the development of an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus is considered to be the most practicable means of controlling the advancing global aids epidemic. studies with the domestic cat have demonstrated that vaccinal immunity to infection can be induced against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv); however, protection is largely restricted to laboratory strains of fiv and does not extend to primary strains of the virus. we compared the pathogenicity of two prototypic vaccine c ... | 2002 | 12021339 |
| early pathogenesis of transmucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | to identify the early target cells and tissues in transmucosal feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, cats were exposed to a clade c fiv isolate via the oral-nasal or vaginal mucosa and multiple tissues were examined by virus isolation coculture (vi), dna pcr, catalyzed tyramide signal-amplified in situ hybridization (tsa-ish), and immunohistochemistry between days 1 and 12 postinoculation (p.i.). fiv rna was detected in tonsil and oral or vaginal mucosa as early as 1 day p.i. by tsa-ish ... | 2002 | 12021364 |
| productive infection of the bone marrow cells in feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats. | bone marrow stromal cells (bmsc) from cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were shown to contain fiv provirus using polymerase chain reaction and viral products were detected in culture supernatant using reverse transcriptase and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from fiv-free cats co-cultured with infected bone marrow cells became productively infected with fiv. such evidence supports the hypothesis that bmsc are a ... | 2002 | 12021873 |
| phylogenetic analysis of five portuguese strains of fiv. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was isolated from five portuguese cats. the five strains were named rp1, pp2, tlp3, fp4 and cp5. the ltr, the ca region of the gag gene, and the v3-v5 region of the env gene were amplified by pcr, cloned and sequenced. the phylogenetic relationships among these three regions and other previously published sequences revealed an independent clustering of the portuguese isolates in the ltr and ca protein. based on the v3-v5 region the portuguese isolates were cla ... | 2002 | 12021874 |
| prevalence of feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus and feline coronavirus in stray cats sent to an rspca hospital. | a total of 517 stray cats at an rspca veterinary hospital were tested for feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline coronavirus (fcov) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the prevalence of felv was 3.5 per cent in all the cats, 1.4 per cent in healthy cats and 6.9 per cent in sick cats. felv positivity was associated only with disease of non-traumatic origin. antibodies to fcov were present in 22.4 per cent of the cats, and their prevalence was significantly higher in cats over two years old an ... | 2002 | 12046785 |
| fiv and neuroaids. | | 2002 | 12053270 |
| infection of the choroid plexus by feline immunodeficiency virus. | the human, simian, and feline immunodeficiency viruses rapidly penetrate into the brain and trigger an inflammatory process that can lead to significant neurologic disease. however, the mechanisms that permit efficient trafficking of macrophage-tropic and the more neurotoxic lymphocytotropic isolates are still poorly understood. one potential source of virus entry may be the blood-csf barrier provided by the choroid plexus. infected cells are often detected within the choroid plexus but it is un ... | 2002 | 12053276 |
| choroid plexus macrophages proliferate and release toxic factors in response to feline immunodeficiency virus. | recent observations have suggested that lentiviruses stimulate the proliferation and activation of microglia. a similar effect within the dense macrophage population of the choroid plexus could have significant implications for trafficking of virus and inflammatory cells into the brain. to explore this possibility, we cultured fetal feline macrophages and examined their response to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) or the t-cell-derived protein, recombinant human cd40-ligand trimer (rhucd40-l) ... | 2002 | 12053277 |
| methamphetamine enhances cell-associated feline immunodeficiency virus replication in astrocytes. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among substance abusers is on the rise worldwide. psychostimulants, and in particular methamphetamine (meth), have detrimental effects on the immune system as well as causing a progressive neurodegeneration, similar to hiv infection. many lentivirinae, including feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), penetrate into the central nervous system early in the course of infection with astrocytes serving as a reservoir of chronic brain infection. we demonstrat ... | 2002 | 12053278 |
| first vaccine for cat aids approved for veterinary use. | | 2002 | 12054275 |
| functional interactions of nucleocapsid protein of feline immunodeficiency virus and cellular prion protein with the viral rna. | all lentiviruses and oncoretroviruses examined so far encode a major nucleic-acid binding protein (nucleocapsid or nc* protein), approximately 2500 molecules of which coat the dimeric rna genome. studies on hiv-1 and momulv using in vitro model systems and in vivo have shown that nc protein is required to chaperone viral rna dimerization and packaging during virus assembly, and proviral dna synthesis by reverse transcriptase (rt) during infection. the human cellular prion protein (prp), thought ... | 2002 | 12054775 |
| expression of chemokine receptors in the feline reproductive tract and large intestine. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. infection can be transmitted experimentally via the vagina and rectum, making the cat a useful model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. some strains of fiv use the cxcr4 chemokine receptor in vitro to gain entry to feline cell lines, thymocytes and peripheral blood leucocytes (pbls). in this study, the tissue expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) encoding the ccr3, ... | 2002 | 12056777 |
| aids vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: failure to protect and possible enhancement of challenge infection by four cell-based vaccines prepared with autologous lymphoblasts. | immunogenicity and protective activity of four cell-based feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccines prepared with autologous lymphoblasts were investigated. one vaccine was composed of fiv-infected cells that were paraformaldehyde fixed at the peak of viral expression. the other vaccines were attempts to maximize the expression of protective epitopes that might become exposed as a result of virion binding to cells and essentially consisted of cells mildly fixed after saturation of their surfa ... | 2002 | 12072489 |
| drug researcher quits controversial cat study. | | 2002 | 12075308 |
| development of feline immunodeficiency virus orf-a (tat) mutants: in vitro and in vivo characterization. | a functional orf-a is essential for efficient feline immunodeficiency virus replication in lymphocytes. we have characterized a series of mutants of the petaluma strain, derived from p34tf10 and having different combinations of stop codons and increasingly long deletions in orf-a. six clones proved fully replicative in fibroblastoid crandell feline kidney cells and monocyte-derived macrophage cultures but failed to replicate in t cell lines and primary lymphoblasts. cats inoculated with three se ... | 2002 | 12093176 |
| inhibition of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) replication by dna binding polyamides. | two dna minor-groove binding polyamides 1 and 2 were designed and synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of fiv-34tf10 replication. both 1 and 2 decreased the replication of fiv-34tf10 by 75% by acting at the level of the virus but outside of the ltr or env region. | 2002 | 12113829 |
| lentiviral neuropathogenesis: comparative neuroinvasion, neurotropism, neurovirulence, and host neurosusceptibility. | | 2002 | 12133996 |
| addictive drug increases hiv replication and mutation. | | 2002 | 12150837 |
| retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in israel and their relationships with felv and fiv infections. | forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. the predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and ... | 2002 | 12164225 |
| effect of preexisting felv infection or felv and feline immunodeficiency virus coinfection on pathogenicity of the small variant of haemobartonella felis in cats. | to investigate the effects of preexisting felv infection or felv and feline immunodeficiency (fiv) coinfection on the pathogenicity of the small variant of haemobartonella felis (hfsm, california variant) in cats. | 2002 | 12171173 |
| efficient transduction of pancreatic islets by feline immunodeficiency virus vectors1. | pancreatic islets transplanted into immunocompetent diabetic subjects are rapidly lost to apoptotic or lytic death or both. genetic engineering of islets before transplantation with protective genes may enhance their posttransplantation survival. accomplishing this goal requires the development of a safe, efficient vector for islet gene delivery. | 2002 | 12177606 |
| cd8+ t cells from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infected cats suppress exogenous fiv replication of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates from domestic cats have been classified into five subtypes, designated a, b, c, d and e. although many fiv-infected cats may have frequent contact with multiple strains of fiv, they usually become infected with a single fiv subtype. in the present study, we demonstrate that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of fiv infected cats were resistant to exogenous fiv (second virus) replication in vitro and that the resistance of these pbmc was mediate ... | 2002 | 12181672 |
| c-terminal gp40 peptide analogs inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus: cell fusion and virus spread. | the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), gp160, is synthesized as a protein precursor that when proteolytically cleaved yields two subunits, gp120 and gp41. gp120 is the surface glycoprotein on hiv-1 responsible for binding to cd4, and gp41 is the transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the membrane fusion process. gp41 is divided into the n-terminal fusion peptide, the heptad repeat 1 (hr1) and hr2 regions, and the c-terminal transmembrane region, which are colle ... | 2002 | 12186891 |
| upregulation of surface feline cxcr4 expression following ectopic expression of ccr5: implications for studies of the cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline cxcr4 and ccr5 were expressed in feline cells as fusion proteins with enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). expression of the egfp fusion proteins was localized to the cell membrane, and surface expression of cxcr4 was confirmed by using a cross-species-reactive anti-cxcr4 monoclonal antibody. ectopic expression of feline ccr5 enhanced expression of either endogenous feline cxcr4 or exogenous feline or human cxcr4 expressed from a retrovirus vector, indicating that experiments invest ... | 2002 | 12186908 |
| in vivo gene transfer using a nonprimate lentiviral vector pseudotyped with ross river virus glycoproteins. | vectors derived from lentiviruses provide a promising gene delivery system. we examined the in vivo gene transfer efficiency and tissue or cell tropism of a feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-based lentiviral vector pseudotyped with the glycoproteins from ross river virus (rrv). rrv glycoproteins were efficiently incorporated into fiv virions, generating preparations of fiv vector, which after concentration attain titers up to 1.5 x 10(8) tu/ml. after systemic administration, rrv-pseudotyped fi ... | 2002 | 12186920 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus orfa is distinct from other lentivirus transactivators. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) accessory factor, orfa, facilitates transactivation of transcription directed by elements of the viral long terminal repeat (ltr). in order to map orfa domains required for this transactivation, we used n- and c-terminal deletion constructs of the protein, expressed in a gal4-based transactivation system. the results demonstrated that fiv orfa, unlike other lentiviral transactivators such as visna virus tat, is unable to transactivate from minimal promoter ... | 2002 | 12208941 |
| inhibitory activity of synthetic peptide antibiotics on feline immunodeficiency virus infectivity in vitro. | natural peptide antibiotics are part of host innate immunity against a wide range of microbes, including some viruses. synthetic peptides modeled after natural peptide antibiotics interfere with microbial membranes and are termed peptidyl membrane-interactive molecules (peptidyl-mim [demegen inc, pittsburgh, pa.]). sixteen peptidyl-mim candidates were tested for activity against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) on infected crfk cells. three of them (d4e1, dc1, and d1d6) showed potent anti-fiv ... | 2002 | 12208971 |
| association of plasma viral rna load with prognosis in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | we measured the quantity of plasma feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) rna using a real-time sequence detecting system. plasma viral rna load was shown to correlate with the clinical stage, survival time, and disease progression in naturally fiv-infected cats. the present study indicates that the plasma viral rna load can be used as a clinical marker representing the impairment of the immune system and predicting the clinical outcome in fiv-infected cats. | 2002 | 12208990 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. gene transfer to mouse retina following intravitreal injection. | transduction of the murine retinal pigmented epithelium (rpe) with adenovirus vectors requires technically difficult and invasive subretinal injections. this study tested the hypothesis that recombinant vectors based on feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) could access the retina following intravitreal injection. | 2002 | 12221638 |
| fetal feline immunodeficiency virus is prevalent and occult. | the feline model of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), was used to model maternal-to-fetal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmission. fetuses were collected from cats infected with clade a fiv(petaluma) (fiv-a-pet) and clade c fiv(paddygammer) (fiv-c-pgmr). virus was detected by dna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a quantitative rna assay that used substitutional pcr. fiv in tissue sections was assayed by dna and rna in situ hybridi ... | 2002 | 12232829 |
| lymphoid activation: a confounding factor in aids vaccine development? | in a previous vaccination trial, inoculation of env gene dna failed to elicit a detectable antibody response, yet accelerated virus dissemination in most immunized cats following challenge with feline immunodeficiency virus. this result raised the possibility that cell-mediated immune responses had given rise to immune-mediated enhancement of infection. since high-level replication of immunodeficiency viruses in lymphocytes requires cellular activation, antigen-specific responses or non-specific ... | 2002 | 12237435 |
| a trap, neuter, and release program for feral cats on prince edward island. | a new program to address the feral cat population on prince edward island was undertaken during the spring and summer of 2001. feral cats from specific geographic areas were trapped, sedated, and tested for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. healthy cats were neutered, dewermed, vaccinated, tattooed, and released to their area of origin. a total of 185 cats and kittens were trapped and tested during a 14-week period; 158 cats and kittens as young as 6 weeks of age were neut ... | 2002 | 12240526 |
| tissues rich in macrophagic cells are the major sites of feline immunodeficiency virus uptake after intravenous inoculation into cats. | to track the sites of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) clearance in cats and follow viral localization from 30 min until 48 h post-intravenous inoculation, several kinds of cells (pbmc, splenocytes, thymocytes, kupffer cells (kc), lymph nodes, bone marrow and alveolar cells) were collected. after co-culture with uninfected pbmc, p24 antigen was detected. reverse transcription (rt)-nested pcr and pcr were performed on all these cells and in situ rt-pcr on liver, spleen and isolated kc. biochem ... | 2002 | 12270726 |
| feline cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to cladophyalophora bantiana. | a case of feline cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to cladophyalophora bantiana is described. the cat was presented with breathing difficulty and a swollen, ulcerated nodule on the dorsal nose and left nostril. histological examination of the nodule revealed a cystic granulomatous dermatitis characterised by neutrophils, macrophages and giant cells. pigmented, yeast-like fungus cells and hyphal elements were easily identified in haematoxylin-eosin stained tissue sections. cladophyalophora bantiana ... | 2002 | 12360955 |
| immunohistochemical localization of feline immunodeficiency virus using native species antibodies. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is the feline analog of human immunodeficiency virus and a small animal model of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we sought to identify early in vivo target cells in cats infected with clade b or c fiv. in tissues, however, neither mouse monoclonal nor rabbit polyclonal antibodies suitably detected fiv because of either insensitivity or lack of specificity. we therefore developed an immunohistochemical protocol using high-antibody-titer serum ... | 2002 | 12368188 |
| the role of retroviral dutpases in replication and virulence. | several retroviruses, including equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), visna virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) encode dutpase. the role of this enzyme in the replication of these viruses has been scrutinized, with particular emphasis on potential roles for dutpase in virulence and viral mutation rate. overall, the results of these studies have indicated a central role for dutpase in facilitating productive viral replication in non-dividing ... | 2001 | 12374097 |
| neurovirulence depends on virus input titer in brain in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence for activation of innate immunity and neuronal injury. | lentiruses cause neurological disease depending on the virus strain and its neurotropism, yet it remains uncertain to what the impact of infectious virus quantity in the brain early in infection is on the subsequent development of neurological disease or neurovirulence. we investigated the relationship between infectious virus input titer and the resulting neurovirulence, using ex vivo and in vivo assays of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-induced neurovirulence. fiv infection of cell culture ... | 2002 | 12402168 |
| expression from second-generation feline immunodeficiency virus vectors is impaired in human hematopoietic cells. | vectors based on the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) have been developed as an alternative to those based on another lentivirus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), because of theoretical safety advantages. we compared the efficiency of gene transfer and expression in human and feline hematopoietic progenitors using second-generation hiv-1 and fiv-based vectors. vector pairs were tested using either human cytomegalovirus or murine phospho-glycerate kinase (pgk) internal promoters and wer ... | 2002 | 12409263 |
| mapping the encapsidation determinants of feline immunodeficiency virus. | encapsidation of retroviral rna involves specific interactions between viral proteins and cis-acting genomic rna sequences. human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rna encapsidation determinants appear to be more complex and dispersed than those of murine retroviruses. feline lentiviral (feline immunodeficiency virus [fiv]) encapsidation has not been studied. to gain comparative insight into lentiviral encapsidation and to optimize fiv-based vectors, we used rnase protection assays of cellul ... | 2002 | 12414931 |
| prevalence of feline leukemia virus infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus in unowned free-roaming cats. | to determine prevalence of felv infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in unowned free-roaming cats. | 2002 | 12418520 |
| radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease in geriatric cats: 100 cases (1994-1997). | to determine prevalence of radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease (djd) in geriatric cats. | 2002 | 12418522 |
| deluge of questions prompts aafp to develop fiv vaccine brief. american association of feline practitioners. | | 2002 | 12418682 |
| controversial hiv study puts whole-cat work on pause. | | 2002 | 12422178 |
| animal rights pressure on scientists. | | 2002 | 12446873 |
| evaluation of fiv protein-expressing vee-replicon vaccine vectors in cats. | venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus-replicon particles (vrp) were used to generate feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) gag- and env-expressing vaccine vectors. serum and mucosal fiv-specific antibody was detected in cats immunized subcutaneously, once monthly for 5 months, with fiv-expressing vrp. expansion of the cd8+ l-selectin negative phenotype and transient cd8+ noncytolytic suppressor activity were seen in cats immunized with fiv-expressing or control vrp. despite induction of fiv-s ... | 2002 | 12450701 |
| preservation of aqueous outflow facility after second-generation fiv vector-mediated expression of marker genes in anterior segments of human eyes. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-based lentiviral vectors produce effective genetic modification of the trabecular meshwork (tm) of human eyes in organ-perfusion culture, resulting in high-level expression of a beta-galactosidase marker gene (lacz) without loss of tm cellularity or architecture. however, effects on aqueous outflow physiology have not been determined, and the ability to monitor fiv vector transgene expression in living tm in situ has not been established. in the current study, ... | 2002 | 12454037 |
| fiv vaccine development and its importance to veterinary and human medicine: a review fiv vaccine 2002 update and review. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a natural infection of domestic cats that results in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome resembling human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in humans. the worldwide prevalence of fiv infection in domestic cats has been reported to range from 1 to 28%. hence, an effective fiv vaccine will have an important impact on veterinary medicine in addition to being used as a small animal aids model for humans. since the discovery of fiv reported in 1987, fiv vacc ... | 2002 | 12459160 |
| anatomy and pathology of hiv-1 peptidase. | the peptidase of the hiv type 1 (hiv pr) is required for the replication of and further infection by the virus. a concerted effort has taken place in the past 15 years to understand the properties of this enzyme, as it serves as an excellent drug target for control of the virus. owing to drug pressure, many mutations arise during turnover of the virus and some of these lead to resistance to the effects of the inhibitors. recent advances in the understanding of the changes these mutations cause t ... | 2002 | 12463165 |
| fiv vector systems. | why is feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) such an appealing candidate for gene therapy vector development? phylogenetic analysis suggests fiv is only distantly related to the primate lentiviruses, and despite repeated exposure, neither seroconversion nor other detectable evidence of human infection occurs. fiv naturally infects diverse felidae worldwide, including the domestic cat. here, the disease progression parallels the immunodeficiency caused by hiv, and for that reason, fiv and the cat p ... | 2001 | 12465464 |
| expression of cxcr4 on feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells: effect of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | cxcr4 expression on feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was analyzed. while monocytes and b lymphocytes expressed cxcr4, no cxcr4 was detected on t lymphocytes, in stark contrast to the expression pattern on t lymphocytes from humans. in spite of the important role that cxcr4 plays in infection with feline immunodeficiency virus, expression on pbmc in vivo was unaffected by infection with either a primary or a cell culture-adapted virus strain. | 2003 | 12477874 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in urban stray cats in belgium. | three hundred and forty-six serum samples taken between 1998 and 2000 from urban stray cats in the city of ghent were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and antigens of feline leukemia virus (felv). of these 346 samples, 243 (70.2 per cent) were seropositive for tgondii. thirty-nine cats (11.3 per cent) had antibodies against fiv and 13 (3.8 per cent) had circulating antigens of felv. fewer of the female cats had fiv and heavier cats had a higher ... | 2002 | 12479298 |
| effects of 1,8-diaminooctane on the fiv rev regulatory system. | proper function of the rev regulatory system is essential for the replication of lentiviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). specifically, rev affects the overall stability of viral mrnas that encode necessary structural and enzymatic proteins. in turn, the eukaryotic initiation factor (eif-5a) is indispensable for rev function and is the only known protein whose biologically active form requires the unique amino acid, hypusine. be ... | 2002 | 12490407 |
| evidence for modulated immune response to anaplasma phagocytophila sensu lato in cats with fiv-induced immunosuppression. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is an emerging infectious disease in which some patients experience unusual opportunistic infections. in this study, cats infected with the hge agent, anaplasma phagocytophila s.l., had clinical granulocytic ehrlichiosis (ge), anti-nuclear antibodies and increased ifn-gamma mrna. in fiv-immunosuppressed cats with ge, there was upregulated il-10 transcription but not ifn-gamma. cats with fiv had poor response to vaccines, regardless of ge status. this prelimi ... | 2003 | 12493491 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus integration in b-cell lymphoma identifies a candidate tumor suppressor gene on human chromosome 15q15. | infection with immunosuppressive lentiviruses is associated with increased cancer risk,but most studies have implicated indirect mechanisms as the tumor cells generally lack integrated viral sequences. an exception wasfound in a b-cell lymphoma (q254) where the tumor cells contained a single integrated feline immunodeficiency virus genome. additional analysis now indicates that feline immunodeficiency virus integration in lymphoma q254 resulted in promoter insertion and truncation of a conserved ... | 2002 | 12499253 |
| prevalence of felv and antibodies to fiv and fcov in falkland islands cats. | | 2002 | 12503794 |
| experimental mucosal infection with molecularly cloned feline immunodeficiency viruses. | four of six specific pathogen-free cats were infected after intravaginal exposure to molecularly cloned lymphotropic but non-crandell feline kidney (crfk)-tropic feline immunodeficiency virus strain tm2 and its ap-1 deletion mutant. the sequences of the env v3-to-v5 region which defines the crfk tropism were unchanged in the infected cats through the infection. these data suggest that the strain was transmitted across the mucosal epithelium without a broadening of cell tropism. | 2003 | 12522061 |
| shelters concerned about screening for fiv. | | 2003 | 12523473 |
| viral-mediated delivery of the late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis gene, tpp-i to the mouse central nervous system. | classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (lincl) is caused by mutations in tripeptidyl peptidase i (tpp-i), a pepstatin-insensitive lysosomal protease, resulting in neurodegeneration, acute seizures, visual and motor dysfunction. in vitro studies suggest that tpp-i is secreted from cells and subsequently taken up by neighboring cells, similar to other lysosomal enzymes. as such, tpp-i is an attractive candidate for enzyme replacement or gene therapy. in the present studies, we exa ... | 2003 | 12525835 |
| a highly efficient gene delivery system derived from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). | | 2003 | 12526177 |
| serologic survey for viral and bacterial infections in western populations of canada lynx (lynx canadensis). | a serologic survey for exposure to pathogens in canada lynx (lynx canadensis) in western north america was conducted. samples from 215 lynx from six study areas were tested for antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, yersinia pestis, and francisella tularensis. a subset of samples was tested for feline immunodeficiency virus; all were negative. for all other pathogens, evidence for exposure was found in at least o ... | 2002 | 12528455 |
| retrovirus testing: the mainstay remains. | | 2003 | 12547617 |
| manufacturer addresses concerns about fiv vaccine. | | 2003 | 12555972 |
| the influence of cd4 and cxcr4 on maedi-visna virus-induced syncytium formation. | cd4 is the principal binding site for human and simian immunodeficiency virus (hiv/siv) receptor interactions and the a chemokine receptor cxcr4 has been implicated as a primordial lentivirus receptor. this study sought to determine the relevance of cd4 and cxcr4 in virus-receptor interactions for the prototype lentivirus, maedi-visna virus (mvv) of sheep. neither cd4 nor alpha/beta chemokine receptors represent principal receptors for mvv since human osteosarcoma cells devoid of these molecules ... | 2002 | 12583436 |
| virus-inhibiting surgical glove to reduce the risk of infection by enveloped viruses. | needle puncture and other accidents that occur during surgery and other procedures may lead to viral infections of medical personnel, notably by hepatitis c (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), now that hepatitis b can be prevented by vaccination. a new surgical glove called g-vir, which contains a disinfecting agent for enveloped viruses, has been developed. herpes simplex type 1 (hsv) was used as a standard enveloped virus in both in vitro and in vivo tests of the virucidal capacity o ... | 2003 | 12601762 |
| delineation of sequences important for efficient packaging of feline immunodeficiency virus rna. | we have used systematic deletion analysis of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) genome, both in the presence and absence of various amounts of gag, to define the cis-acting sequences responsible for efficient rna packaging. our analyses revealed that the primary fiv packaging signal consists of two essential core elements located within the first 90-120 bp of the 5'utr and the first 90 bp of the gag gene. interestingly, the region between the major splice ... | 2003 | 12604814 |
| antiviral activity and conformational features of an octapeptide derived from the membrane-proximal ectodomain of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) provides a valuable animal model by which criteria for lentivirus control strategies can be tested. previous studies have shown that a 20-mer synthetic peptide of the membrane-proximal ectodomain of fiv transmembrane glycoprotein, designated peptide 59, potently inhibited the growth of tissue culture-adapted fiv in feline fibroblastoid crfk cells. in the present report we describe the potential of this peptide to inhibit the replication of primary fiv isolates ... | 2003 | 12610147 |
| 2001 report of the american association of feline practitioners and academy of feline medicine advisory panel on feline retrovirus testing and management. | | 2003 | 12613492 |
| fiv vaccine recommendation. | | 2003 | 12619832 |
| molecular cloning of feline tumour necrosis factor receptor type i (tnfr i) and expression of tnfr i and tnfr ii in lymphoid cells in cats. | tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by many types of cells. it has been shown that two distinct tnf receptors (tnfrs), tnfr type i (tnfr i) and tnfr type ii (tnfr ii), have different functions in signal transduction, which is possibly associated with the development of a variety of diseases. in this study, we isolated a feline tnfr i cdna clone and analysed the expression of tnfr i and tnfr ii mrna in feline lymphoid cells. the deduced amino acid sequence o ... | 2003 | 12648277 |
| in vivo antiretroviral activity of stampidine in chronically feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. | here we report the antiretroviral activity of the experimental nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nrti) compound stampidine in cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). notably, a single oral bolus dose of 50 or 100 mg of stampidine per kg resulted in a transient >/=1-log decrease in the fiv load of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells in five of six fiv-infected cats and no side effects. a 4-week stampidine treatment course with twice-daily administr ... | 2003 | 12654652 |
| subcellular localization of feline immunodeficiency virus integrase and mapping of its karyophilic determinant. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), like other members of the lentivirus subfamily, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), can infect nondividing and terminally differentiated cells. the transport of the preintegration complex into the nucleus is cell cycle-independent, but the mechanism is not well understood. integrase is a key component of the complex and has been suggested to play a role in nuclear import during hiv-1 replication. to determine its karyophilic property, fiv int ... | 2003 | 12663758 |
| phylogenetic analysis of vietnamese isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus: genetic diversity of subtype c. | phylogenetic relationships of novel vietnamese strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were analysed. one vietnamese strain was found to cluster with subtype d, which was previously known only in japan, while the other seven strains were placed with members of subtype c. calculation of the relative numbers of mutations resulting in amino acid and silent changes in fiv env subtypes suggested that subtype c isolates may be less structurally constrained (potentially more pathogenic) than sub ... | 2003 | 12664300 |
| acute myeloid leukemia with basophilic differentiation (aml, m-2b) in a cat. | a 4-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat with a history of depression, anorexia, and weight loss was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (aml). the cat tested positive by both the feline immunodeficiency virus antibody test and feline leukemia virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. results of cytochemical stains on peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens indicated acute myeloid leukemia with unusual basophilic differentiation (aml, m-2b). | 1994 | 12666034 |
| identifying fiv vaccinates. | | 2003 | 12675285 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, fiv and felv infections in domestic cats in japan. | seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections was investigated in 1,447 domestic cats derived from the north (hokkaido) to the south (okinawa) prefectures in japan. of the cats investigated, 8.8% (128/1,447) were seropositive to b. henselae, 5.4% (78/1,447) to t. gondii, 9.8% (107/1,088) to fiv, and 2.9% (32/1,088) to felv, respectively. for b. henselae infection, the positive rate varied from 11.5% in ca ... | 2003 | 12680718 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus is concentrated in milk early in lactation. | we studied mother-to-offspring transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), focusing on milk-borne virus transmission in order to assess its similarities to perinatal hiv transmission. we also attempted to evaluate the influence of intragestational treatment with 9-[2-(phosphono-methoxy)-propyl]adenine (pmpa) on virus transmission to offspring. eleven female cats (queens), chronically infected with fiv-b-2542 and bred to an fiv-negative male, produced a total of 25 viable and 18 nonviabl ... | 2003 | 12689417 |