Publications

inactivation of tomato spotted wilt virus by salicylate.		1946	20985882
thermal inactivation of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1946	20985881
physiological studies on thrips in relation to transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1954	13219035
cross protection by strains of tomato spotted wilt virus and a new theory to explain it.		1954	13229839
further evidence for the transfer of character-determinants (recombination) between strains of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1955	13317855
recombination experiments with strains a and e of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1961	13868589
purification and electron microscopy of tomato spotted-wilt virus.		1963	13971368
purification and electron microscope studies of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) from tomato roots.		1964	14166124
partial amino acid composition of tomato spotted wilt virus, (strain e).		1964	14240390
electron microscopy of strain e of tomato spotted wilt virus and comments on its probable biosynthesis.		1964	14204698
electron microscopy of vira-cabeca virus (brazilian tomato spotted wilt virus) within the host cell.		1965	14293317
preparation and properties of tomato spotted wilt virus (strain e).		1966	6005406
morphology of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1966	5921647
a small infective component of tomato spotted wilt virus (strain e).		1967	5621951
serological studies on tomato spotted wilt virus (strains e and r1).		1967	5622015
antiserum for tomato spotted wilt virus.		1968	4968990
tomato spotted wilt virus.		1968	4872838
an electron microscope study of the distribution of tomato spotted wilt virus in systemically infected datura stramonium leaves.		1970	4923022
electron microscopy of developmental stages of tomato spotted wilt virus in plant cells.		1971	5543832
protein composition of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1973	4126840
purification and properties of tomato spotted wilt virus.		1974	4131950
[electron microscopic examination of tomato spotted wilt virus (lycopersicum virus 3)].		1975	1207518
[electron microscope study of tomato spotted wilt virus on tabacco (author's transl)].		1976	1018735
[tomato spotted wilt virus and the characteristics of its biology].		1976	781493
effect of virazole (ribavirin) on tomato spotted wilt virus in two systemic hosts, tomato and tobacco.	virazole (1, beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide = ribavirin), a synthetic nucleoside analogue, has been successfully used against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in tomato and tobacco plants. in tomato, the most efficient concentration to control tsww was 500 mg/l while in tobacco, concentrations of 100 mg/l were sufficient to control systemic infection. when the plants did not show a systemic reaction virus could not be recovered from inoculated and treated tomato and tobacco pl ...	1980	7356400
inhibitory effect of distamycin-a and a pyrazino-pyrazine derivative on tomato spotted wilt virus.	distamycin-a hydrochloride, a synthetic antibiotic, and 2,3-dihydroxy-6-bromo-pyrazino (2,3-beta) pyrazine derivative, were used against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in tobacco plants. the drugs were applied to the leaves at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/l. the results showed that both drugs delayed virus spread within the plant, retarding the appearance of systemic symptoms. a virus recovery test, carried out on primary leaves of phaseolus vulgaris cv. manteiga, showed that tswv replicat ...	1983	6625560
effect of tiazofurin on tomato plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus.	tiazofurin (2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) was examined for its activity against tomato-spotted wilt virus (tswv) in tomato plants. solutions containing 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l of the drug were sprayed onto the leaves. the results showed that 100 and 200 mg/l were the most efficient concentrations to suppress tswv infection, thereby delaying the appearance of systemic symptoms. the drug was more effective in controlling tswv infection when applied after than before virus in ...	1984	6532320
should tomato spotted wilt virus be considered as a possible member of the family bunyaviridae?	from a comparison of published data on the properties of tomato spotted wilt virus and viruses in the family bunyaviridae, it is concluded that tomato spotted wilt virus should be considered as a possible member of the family.	1984	6480313
molecular cloning and terminal sequence determination of the s and m rnas of tomato spotted wilt virus.	complementary dna to the genomic rna of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was synthesized and cloned in either puc19 or lambda gt10. restriction endonuclease maps were constructed from cdna clones specific for the s and the m rna segments, extending 3.0 and 5.4 kbp respectively. the nucleotide sequences of the 3' and 5' termini of both rna molecules were determined. the s and m rnas contain inverted complementary repeats at their termini, probably involved in rna replication and in the formation ...	1989	2607343
penicillinase-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses.	a penicillinase (pnc)-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was standardized to detect maize mosaic virus (mmv) in sorghum leaf extracts, peanut mottle virus (pmv) in pea leaf extracts, and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in peanut leaf extracts. rabbit fc-specific antibodies were conjugated with pnc by a single step glutaraldehyde bridge. among several indicators tested, bromothymol blue (btb) was found suitable for measuring pnc activity under simulated conditions. two reagents, st ...	1989	2592521
serological differentiation of 20 isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus.	twenty tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) isolates were serologically compared in elisa employing five different procedures using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against nucleocapsid proteins (nuabr) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs), two directed to nucleocapsid proteins (n1 and n2) and four directed to glycoproteins g1 to g4. all the antisera were raised against tswv-cnph1. the 20 isolates were differentiated into two distinct serogroups. serogroup i consisting of 16 isolates strongly reacted ...	1990	2273383
the s rna segment of tomato spotted wilt virus has an ambisense character.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the s rna of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was determined. the rna is 2916 nucleotides long and has an ambisense coding strategy. the sequence contains two open reading frames (orfs), one in the viral sense which encodes a protein with a predicted mr of 52.4k and one in the viral complementary sense which encodes the viral nucleocapsid protein of mr 28.8k. both proteins are expressed by translation of two subgenomic rna species that possibly terminate at a ...	1990	1693160
detection of tomato spotted wilt virus using monoclonal antibodies and riboprobes.	the immunoreactivity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was examined in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and dot immunobinding assays (diba) procedures. mabs 6.12.15 and 2.9 were specific for the nucleocapsid protein of tswv. the sensitivity of the two immunoassays was compared with that of a dot-blot hybridization technique using riboprobes (rna transcripts) to tswv m rna. using deproteinized plant extracts or purified virus preparations, as ...	1990	1689996
nucleotide sequence and rna hybridization analyses reveal an ambisense coding strategy for maize stripe virus rna3.	the 2357-nt sequence of maize stripe virus (mstv) rna3 was determined. two nonoverlapping open reading frames (orfs) of opposite polarities are contained in rna3. a 591-nt orf is located near the 5' end of mstv rna3, while a second orf of 948 nt is located near the 3' end in the viral complementary rna (vcrna). in vitro translation of transcripts derived from cdna clones representing regions of each orf was used to identify the respective proteins. a ca. 22,000 mr protein was translated from the ...	1991	2024478
cloning and sequencing of the s rna from a bulgarian isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus.	libraries of cloned cdna were prepared from complete genomic rna and isolated s rna of the bulgarian l3 isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv-l3). northern blotting of tswv genomic rna detected clones specific for the l, m and s rnas in the library from complete rna. s rna-specific clones selected from both libraries covered approximately 2.8 kb (about 95%) of the s rna. sequencing of these clones showed tswv-l3 s rna to be ambisense. it contains two open reading frames (orfs); one of 1401 ...	1991	1993884
tomato spotted wilt virus l rna encodes a putative rna polymerase.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the large (l) genome segment of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has been determined. the rna is 8897 nucleotides long and contains complementary 3' and 5' ends, comprising 62 nucleotides at the 5' end and 66 nucleotides at the 3' end. the rna is of negative polarity, with one large open reading frame (orf) located on the viral complementary strand. this orf corresponds to a primary translation product of 2875 amino acids in length, with a predicted mr of 331, ...	1991	1895058
nucleotide sequence of the 3' non-coding region and n gene of the s rna of a serologically distinct tospovirus.	a tomato spotted wilt-like virus (tswv-i) is a distinct member of the tospovirus genus of the bunyaviridae and is distinguished from the typical tswv by having a serologically distinct nucleoprotein (n). a cdna clone extending from the 3' terminus of the viral rna through the entire n open reading frame (orf) was sequenced. the tswv-i n orf is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 262 amino acids with a predicted mr of 28.8k. in vitro transcription and translation of the clone produced a protein ...	1991	1840613
the nonstructural protein (nss) encoded by the ambisense s rna segment of tomato spotted wilt virus is associated with fibrous structures in infected plant cells.	the open reading frame located in the viral strand of the ambisense s rna of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), was cloned into transfer vector pac33dz1 and inserted downstream of the polyhedrin promoter in the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. recombinant baculoviruses were obtained that showed a high-level expression of a 52.4-kda protein corresponding to the inserted tswv gene. the viral protein thus produced was purified and injected into rabbits to raise antibodies. w ...	1991	1826573
generation of envelope and defective interfering rna mutants of tomato spotted wilt virus by mechanical passage.	during a series of mechanical transfers of tomato spotted wilt virus, two distinct types of mutants were generated. firstly, a morphologically defective isolate was obtained which had lost the ability to produce the membrane glycoproteins and, as a consequence, was not able to form enveloped particles. analysis of the genomic rnas of this isolate suggested that this defect was caused by either point mutations or very small deletions in the medium genomic rna segment. secondly, isolates were obta ...	1991	1919523
viral rna synthesis in tomato spotted wilt virus-infected nicotiana rustica plants.	the synthesis of viral rna species in tomato spotted wilt virus-infected nicotiana rustica plants was followed in terms of time and relative abundance. systemic symptoms were visible after 4 days postinoculation (p.i.), but viral (v) and viral-complementary (vc) strands of all three genomic rna segments [large (l) rna, medium (m) rna and small (s) rna] were detected from 2 days p.i. in addition, two subgenomic mrnas, derived from s rna, were detected. for the l rna segment no subgenomic mrnas we ...	1992	1545223
immuno-electron microscopical detection of tomato spotted wilt virus and its nucleocapsids in crude plant extracts.	tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) particles were identified in thin sections and in crude extracts of leaves from plants infected with different tswv isolates, using gold labelled protein a and antibodies prepared against purified virus particles or against nucleocapsid preparations. in addition, both in thin sections and in dip preparations aggregates were detected using either gold-labelled antiserum. these aggregates were not detected using antisera against envelope proteins or against the non ...	1992	1430055
non-viral heterogeneous sequences at the 5' ends of tomato spotted wilt virus mrnas.	subgenomic messenger rnas transcribed from the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) s rna segment were partially purified from total rna extracts of tswv-infected nicotiana rustica and analysed by primer extension analysis. the data obtained show the presence of non-viral sequences, 12 to 20 nucleotides in length, at the 5' ends of the n and nss mrnas, indicating a cap-snatching mechanism for the initiation of transcription. this is the first report of a plant virus using such a mechanism for transc ...	1992	1645150
resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus infection in transgenic tobacco expressing the viral nucleocapsid gene.	a recombinant plasmid containing the entire tomato spotted with virus (tswv) nucleocapsid gene, with the exception of nucleotide encoding three n-terminal amino acids, was isolated by screening a complementary dna library, prepared against random primed viral rna, using a specific monoclonal antibody. the insert contained in plasmid ptsw1 was repaired and amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the complete nucleocapsid protein gene was introduced into nicotiana tabacum 'samsun' by leaf disk ...	1992	1600236
the nucleotide sequence of the m rna segment of tomato spotted wilt virus, a bunyavirus with two ambisense rna segments.	the complete sequence of the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) m rna segment has been determined. the rna is 4821 nucleotides long and has an ambisense coding strategy similar to that of the s rna segment. the m rna segment contains two open reading frames (orfs), one in the viral sense which encodes a protein with a predicted size of 33.6k, and one in the viral complementary sense which encodes the precursor to the g1 and g2 glycoproteins, with a predicted size of 127.4k. both orfs are expressed ...	1992	1431808
defective interfering l rna segments of tomato spotted wilt virus retain both virus genome termini and have extensive internal deletions.	defective interfering (di) rna molecules derived from the genomic l rna segment of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were generated during sequential passage of the virus at high multiplicity. characterization of di rnas from four distinct isolates by northern blot analysis and sequence determination revealed that both the 5' and 3' genomic termini were retained in these molecules. each di rna contained a single internal deletion of approximately 60% to 80% of the l rna segment. all di rnas studi ...	1992	1402797
the nucleotide sequence of the s rna of impatiens necrotic spot virus, a novel tospovirus.	impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) shares a number of properties with tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), the type species of the genus tospovirus within the family bunyaviridae. insv, however, differs from tswv in plant host range and serology. in order to define the genomic structure and the taxonomic status of this tswv-like virus, the nucleotide sequence of its genomic s rna segment has been determined. the molecular data obtained demonstrate that, like tswv, insv has an ambisense s rna mole ...	1992	1385787
characterization of rna-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic tobacco plants.	recently high levels of protection against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), a negative-strand rna virus infecting plants, have been obtained by transforming tobacco with viral nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences. here we demonstrate that this protection is primarily due to the presence of n gene transcripts in the cells of transgenic plants, and hence appears to be rna-mediated. further, transgenic tobacco plants are only protected to isolates and strains of tswv and not to other tospoviruses that ...	1992	1368791
determination of whether tomato spotted wilt virus replicates in toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes and the relatedness of this virus to phleboviruses (family bunyaviridae).	tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has been reported to be morphologically, molecularly and structurally similar to viruses in the family bunyaviridae. by various types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and western blot hybridizations, we tested tswv with antibodies to 12 viruses in the phlebovirus genus of this family. serological relatedness was not found between tswv and phleboviruses. however, one preparation of antibody to arumowot virus reacted with a 53-kd protein from healthy p ...	1992	1346784
the nucleotide sequence of the m rna segment of tomato spotted wilt virus, a bunyavirus with two ambisense rna segments.		1993	8468562
multiplication of tomato spotted wilt virus in its insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis.	the accumulation of two proteins, the nucleocapsid (n) protein and a non-structural (nss) protein both encoded by the s rna of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), was followed in larvae during development and in adults of frankliniella occidentalis after ingesting the virus for short periods on infected plants. the amounts of both proteins increased, as shown by elisa and western blot analysis, within 2 days above the levels ingested, indicating multiplication of tswv in these insects. accumulatio ...	1993	8445364
serological comparison of tospovirus isolates from taiwan and india with impatiens necrotic spot virus and different tomato spotted wilt virus isolates.	tospovirus isolates from tomato and watermelon in taiwan and from peanut in india reacted neither with antibodies to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), nor with antibodies to impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), in elisa and in electroblot immunoassays. additionally, all three tospovirus isolates had an n protein with a molecular weight of 32 kda as compared to 29 kda for the n protein to tswv and insv. the observed physicochemical and serological differences suggest the generation of a new, thi ...	1993	7686004
different mechanisms protect transgenic tobacco against tomato spotted wilt and impatiens necrotic spot tospoviruses.	we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing the sense or antisense untranslatable n coding sequence of the lettuce isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv-bl) as well as transgenic plants containing the promoterless n gene of the virus. both sense and antisense untranslatable n gene rnas provided protection against homologous and closely related isolates but not against distantly related tospoviruses. these rna-mediated protections were most effective in plants that synthesized low leve ...	1993	7763861
a method combining immunocapture and pcr amplification in a microtiter plate for the detection of plant viruses and subviral pathogens.	a method for the detection of rna viral and subviral plant pathogens was developed that combines pathogen partial purification by solid-phase adsorbed antibodies, reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and quantitation of the amplified products by fluorescence. the reverse transcription of the rna is performed directly on the retained material without any previous thermal or chemical disruption of the virus particles. the whole procedure can be carried out in a microtiter pla ...	1993	8113346
detection of the l protein of tomato spotted wilt virus.	the 5'-terminal and 3'-terminal parts of the single open reading frame (orf) in the l rna of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were expressed using a prokaryotic expression system. using antibodies raised against the translational products obtained a 330-kda protein could be specifically detected in preparations of purified virions and in nucleocapsid preparations from tswv-infected leaf tissue. the results obtained indicate that the l protein of tswv, though much larger than that of the animal-i ...	1993	8212587
classification of tospoviruses based on phylogeny of nucleoprotein gene sequences.	the nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein (n) genes of seven tospovirus isolates representing three serogroups were determined and used to establish phylogenetic parameters to delineate species within the tospovirus genus of the bunyaviridae. a high sequence divergence (55.9% identity at the nucleotide level) was observed between isolates of serogroup i (tomato spotted wilt virus) and isolates of serogroup iii (impatiens necrotic spot virus). the serogroup ii isolates take an intermediate po ...	1993	8429298
expression and subcellular location of the nsm protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), a putative viral movement protein.	the 33.6-kda nonstructural (nsm) protein gene, located on the ambisense m rna segment of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), was cloned and expressed using the escherichia coli pet-11t expression system. the protein thus produced was purified and used for the production of a polyclonal antiserum. western immunoblot analyses of tswv-infected nicotiana rustica plants showed nsm synthesis only during a short period early in systemic infection. although nsm was found associated with cytoplasmic nucleo ...	1994	8128638
the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus using the polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based assay was used to detected a number of uk tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) isolates in total rna extractions made from infected plant material. extracts were reverse transcribed and the resultant cdna amplified by pcr, using oligonucleotide primers specific for a 276 base pair fragment of the l rna segment. assay products were electrophoresed on agarose gels and visualised by ethidium bromide staining. the viral origin of the product produced was confirmed ...	1994	8006111
broad resistance to tospoviruses in transgenic tobacco plants expressing three tospoviral nucleoprotein gene sequences.	transgenic tobacco plants have been obtained expressing nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences of three different tospoviruses known to affect vegetable crops: tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv), and groundnut ringspot virus (grsv). the chimeric plant transformation vector used comprised the three viral n gene sequences, each with a copy of the camv 35s promoter and the nos terminator. despite the high levels of homology between the different n gene sequences (74-82%) ...	1995	7772807
completion of the la crosse virus genome sequence and genetic comparisons of the l proteins of the bunyaviridae.	la crosse virus is a member of the bunyavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, viruses with trisegmented rna genomes of mostly negative polarity composed of large (l), medium (m), and small (s) segments. the sequences of the la crosse/original m and s rna segments have been previously characterized. using reverse transcriptase in conjunction with pcr amplification, we have obtained the nucleotide sequence of the l rna segment, which encodes the viral polymerase in a single large open reading fr ...	1995	7831835
an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity associated with virions of tomato spotted wilt virus, a plant- and insect-infecting bunyavirus.	an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity was found associated with virions of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), a plant- and insect-infecting member of the family bunyaviridae. radiolabeled nucleoside triphosphates were incorporated into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable products by detergent-disrupted, purified tswv virions. incorporation was reduced to near-background levels when rnase was present in the reaction mixture. the predominantly double-stranded rna products were rnase-resistant at h ...	1995	7871744
resistance to tospoviruses in nicotiana benthamiana transformed with the n gene of tomato spotted wilt virus: correlation between transgene expression and protection in primary transformants.	nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with the nucleoprotein (n) gene of an italian isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). forty-five t1 primary transformant lines were analyzed for the expression of n protein and for resistance to tswv and three other tospoviruses: impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv), and groundnut ringspot virus (grsv). thirteen of these lines were further characterized. resistance to all tswv isolates tested was found in two lines. ...	1995	7772806
the nonstructural nsm protein of tomato spotted wilt virus induces tubular structures in plant and insect cells.	the expression and subcellular location of the 33.6-kda nonstructural protein nsm of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was analyzed in nicotiana rustica plants and protoplasts as a function of time. immunofluorescent studies in protoplasts isolated from tswv-infected n. rustica leaves showed that this protein could first be detected close to the periphery of the cell, near the plasmamembrane, and later in tubular structures emerging from the cell surface. in situ, these tubules appeared specifica ...	1995	8553550
allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in capsicum chinense.	pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). the genes for tswv resistance present in three c. chinense lines ('pi 152225', 'pi 159236' and 'panca') were investigated for allelism. all resistant lines were crossed with each other. parents, f1, backcrosses and f2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent tswv isolate. susceptible c. ...	1995	24173797
biolistic transformation of chrysanthemum with the nucleocapsid gene of tomato spotted wilt virus.	in vitro regeneration and biolistic transformation procedures were developed for several commercial chrysanthemum dendranthema grandiflora tzvelev, syn. chrysanthemum morifolium ramat. cultivars using leaf and stem explants. studies on the effect of several growth regulators and kanamycin on chrysanthemum regeneration were conducted, and a step-wise procedure to optimize kanamycin selection and recovery of transgenic plants was developed. a population of putative transformed chrysanthemum plants ...	1995	24186624
mapping the sw-5 locus for tomato spotted wilt virus resistance in tomatoes using rapd and rflp analyses.	the sw-5 locus confers dominant resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). to map the location and facilitate the identification of markers linked to sw-5 we developed a pair of near-isogenic lines (nils) and an f2 lycopersicon esculentum x l. pennellii population segregating for resistance to tswv. dna from the nils was analyzed using 748 random 10-mer oligonucleotides to discern linked molecular markers using a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) approach. one random primer (gagcacggg ...	1995	24173937
identification and mapping on chromosome 9 of rapd markers linked to sw-5 in tomato by bulked segregant analysis.	bulked segregant analysis was used to identify random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers linked to the sw-5 gene for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in tomato. using two pools of phenotyped individuals from one segregating population, we identified four rapd markers linked to the gene of interest. two of these appeared tightly linked to sw-5, whereas another, linked in repulsion phase, enabled the identification of heterozygous and susceptible plants. after linkage analysis ...	1996	24166634
a polyclonal antiserum against a recombinant viral protein combines specificity with versatility.	a polyclonal rabbit antiserum was obtained to the nucleoprotein of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus expressed as a recombinant fusion protein in e. coli. in indirect plate trapping elisa, the antiserum gave similar titres against purified tswv nucleocapsids in native form, the fusion protein and the carrier protein. the crude antiserum was also tested by western blotting, indirect plate trapping elisa and immunogold electron microscopy of thin sections: purified immunoglobulins were tested by das- ...	1996	8882651
sequence analysis of the 5' ends of tomato spotted wilt virus n mrnas.	messenger rnas transcribed from the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) rna genome have characteristic extra non-templated heterogeneous sequences at their 5' ends which may be the result of a cap-snatching event involving cellular mrnas. in order to investigate the genetic origin of these extra sequences and to gain more insight in the process of cap-snatching as performed by tswv, nucleocapsid protein (n) mrnas derived from the tswv s rna were cloned and sequenced. twenty clones were obtained whi ...	1996	8629946
an improved method for the detection of tospoviruses using the polymerase chain reaction.	a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based assay for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has been improved and extended to enable the detection of additional tospoviruses. in addition to tswv-specific primers, two further pairs of primers have been designed, one pair which specifically detects impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) and another which detects all tospoviruses tested, including tswv, insv, tomato chlorotic spot virus and groundnut ringspot virus. a ...	1996	8919828
clustering of argentinean tospoviruses with existing species in the genus by sequence analysis of a 450-nucleotide rna region of the n gene.	the genomic diversity of argentine tospoviruses from different geographical areas, and from several distinct crops was analysed here. for each isolate, rt-pcr, cloning and sequencing of a 450 nt fragment of the n gene were performed. comparisons of rna and predicted amino acid sequence identity and similarity were made. a partial sequence of the n gene was able to classify our local isolates within three tospovirus species previously described (tomato spotted wilt virus, tswv; tomato chlorotic s ...	1996	9035370
engineered rna-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus is sequence specific.	transgenic plants were produced that expressed a wide range of randomly chosen sequences of the tripartite tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) rna genome or its complement. testing the progenies of these plants revealed that only transgenic expression of n or ns(m) gene sequences resulted in resistance to tswv.	1996	8672819
the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the m rna segment of peanut bud necrosis tospovirus and comparison with other tospoviruses.	the m rna of peanut bud necrosis virus (pbnv; synonym groundnut bud necrosis virus) is 4801 nucleotides in length. it comprised two orfs in an ambisense organization and terminal inverted repeats. the 3' large orf (3363 nucleotides in the virus-complementary strand) encoded a protein with a predicted size of 127.2 kda which was identified as the glycoprotein precursor (gp) of the g1 and g2 glycoproteins. a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of gp revealed 37% identity and 58-59% simil ...	1996	8811036
cladistic analysis of tospovirus using molecular characters.	the genus tospovirus was thought to be composed only of the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), but now at least four tospovirus species have been proposed based on serological and molecular data. a classification of tospoviruses has been proposed taking into account global similarities of the n gene and n protein sequences of 7 isolates of tospovirus. because phylogenetic analyses based on global similarities can lead to classifications which do not mirror the genealogy of the group, we have empl ...	1997	9242593
characterization of rna-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic tobacco plants expressing ns(m) gene sequences.	transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants expressing rna sequences of the tomato spotted wilt virus ns(m) gene, which encodes the putative viral movement protein, were found to be highly resistant to infection with the virus. expression of untranslatable as well as anti-sense rna of the ns(m) gene resulted in resistance levels as high as those in plants expressing translatable rna sequences. for all three types of transgenic plants resistance levels of up to 100% were reached in the s2 progeny. these ...	1997	9037142
a protoplast system for studying tomato spotted wilt virus infection.	a plant protoplast system for studying tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) infection was established and tested. using polyethylene glycol-mediated inoculation with highly infectious tswv particles, generally 50% or more of nicotiana rustica protoplasts were infected. in these cells viral rna and viral protein synthesis became detectable at 16 h post-inoculation (p.i.) and continued at least until 90 h p.i. both the structural viral proteins [nucleoprotein (n) and the envelope glycoproteins g1 ...	1997	9225052
multiplication of tomato spotted wilt virus in primary cell cultures derived from two thrips species.	primary cell cultures prepared from embryos of the thrips species frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci were tested for their potential to support replication of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). using polyclonal antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein (n) and indirect immunofluorescent staining, discrete spots with strong signals were observed in the cytoplasm at 48 h post-inoculation in the cell cultures of a f. occidentalis, and a t. tabaci population which failed to transmit ...	1997	9178497
map-based cloning of the tomato genomic region that spans the sw-5 tospovirus resistance gene in tomato.	two yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) containing genomic dna from tomato have been isolated using ct220, an rflp marker which is tightly linked to the tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene, sw-5. high-resolution mapping of the yac ends and internal yac probes demonstrated that one of the yac clones, ty257 (400 kb), spans sw-5. by chromosome walking in a cosmid library, the position of sw-5 has been delimited within the yac to a maximal chromosomal segment of 100 kb, spanned by nine overlap ...	1997	9349703
nontarget dna sequences reduce the transgene length necessary for rna-mediated tospovirus resistance in transgenic plants.	rna-mediated virus resistance has recently been shown to be the result of post-transcriptional transgene silencing in transgenic plants. this study was undertaken to characterize the effect of transgene length and nontarget dna sequences on rna-mediated tospovirus resistance in transgenic plants. transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants were generated to express different regions of the nucleocapsid (n) protein of tomato spotted wilt (tswv) tospovirus. transgenic plants expressing half-gene segme ...	1997	9223349
serological comparison of tospoviruses with polyclonal antibodies produced against the main structural proteins of tomato spotted wilt virus.	a new purification procedure for the tospoviruses of serogroups ii and iii was developed. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv; serogroup i), groundnut ringspot virus (grsv: serogroup ii), tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv; serogroup ii) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv; serogroup iii) showed that the glycoprotein g2 of serogroup ii members differs significantly in size from that of the serogroup i virus. western immunoblot analysis using poly ...	1997	9170504
effects of temperature and host on the generation of tomato spotted wilt virus defective interfering rnas.	abstract the generation of defective interfering (di) rna molecules of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) was studied by serially passaging in-ocula from plant to plant under different controlled conditions. di rnas were generated at higher rates in plants at 16 degrees c than in plants incubated at higher temperatures. another factor promoting the tswv di rna generation was the use of high virus concentrations in the inocula. the solanaceous species capsicum annuum, datura stramonium, lycope ...	1997	18945014
binding of tomato spotted wilt virus to a 94-kda thrips protein.	abstract using protein blot assays, a 94-kda thrips protein was identified that exhibited specific binding to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) particles. renaturation of the 94-kda protein, which is conserved among the two major vector species of tswv, frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci, was crucial for its virus-binding properties, whereas under the same conditions no specific binding was observed with aphid (myzus persicae) proteins. the 94-kda protein species was present in all deve ...	1998	18945001
comparison of ambisense m rna of watermelon silver mottle virus with other tospoviruses.	abstract double-stranded genomic rnas (dsrnas) extracted from chenopodium quinoa infected with watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmv) were similar to those of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv, serogroup i) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv, serogroup iii), except that the s dsrna of wsmv is 0.75 and 0.6 kbp longer than those of tswv and insv, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic m rna of wsmv was determined from cdna clones generated from separated m dsrna. the m rna ...	1998	18944959
interaction of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) glycoproteins with a thrips midgut protein, a potential cellular receptor for tswv.	abstract interactions between viral and cellular membrane fusion proteins mediate virus penetration of cells for many arthropod-borne viruses. electron microscope observations and circumstantial evidence indicate insect acquisition of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae) is receptor mediated, and tswv membrane glycoproteins (gp1 and gp2) serve as virus attachment proteins. the tospoviruses are plant-infecting members of the family bunyaviridae and are transmit ...	1998	18944977
an antiviral protein from bougainvillea spectabilis roots; purification and characterisation.	an antiviral protein active against mechanical transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus was identified in the root tissues of bougainvillea spectabilis willd. bougainvillea antiviral protein i (bap i) was purified to apparent homogeneity from the roots of bougainvillea by ammonium sulphate precipitation, cm- and deae-sepharose chromatography and reverse phase hplc. bap i is a highly basic protein (pi value > 8.6) with an mr of 28,000. the n-terminal sequence of bap i showed homology with other ...	1998	9612957
characterization of the nucleic acid binding properties of tomato spotted wilt virus nucleocapsid protein.	tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) is the type member of the plant-infecting viruses of the genus tospovirus in the family bunyaviridae. the three tswv rnas are encapsidated with nucleocapsid (n) protein to form ribonucleoprotein (rnp) which serves as the template for viral transcription and replication. regions of the open reading frame coding for the n protein on the small (s) rna were subcloned into pet protein expression vectors and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) cells. full-len ...	1998	9705250
molecular characterization of tomato spotted wilt virus defective interfering rnas and detection of truncated l proteins.	junction sites of 25 different defective interfering (di) rnas of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were characterized. the di rnas varied in size from 2.0 to 5.2 kilobases (kb) and contained a single internal deletion. the absence of di rnas smaller than 2 kb suggested a size constraint for the survival of tswv di rnas. this hypothesis was reinforced by the finding of a dimeric di rna formed by two 1.6-long monomers linked head to tail. three types of junction sites were found, one type originat ...	1998	9721243
tomato spotted wilt virus in ornamental plants, vegetables and weeds in the czech republic.	the occurrence of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in horticulture crops and weeds in the czech republic has been studied in 1992-1997. during this period tswv was established in 91 plant species. virus identity was based on the host range, serology and electron microscopy. natural tswv infection was detected in glasshouses where the main vector frankliniella occidentalis was present too. the most frequently tswv-infected plant species were chrysanthemum morifolium and zantedeschia sp. among veg ...	1998	10358737
early events of tomato spotted wilt transcription and replication in protoplasts.	a protoplast transfection system for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) was established by peg-mediated infection of tobacco protoplasts. analysis of viral rna synthesis revealed an asymmetric production of viral (v) and viral-complementary (vc) strands of all three genomic rna segments and a separation in time of subgenomic transcription during the first 72 hr post infection (p.i.). synthesis of vc-rna was detectable 8-10 hrs prior to v-rna production. during the first 72 h of infection the ...	1998	9699207
characterization of the large (l) rna of peanut bud necrosis tospovirus.	the nucleocapsids purified from peanut plants systemically infected with peanut bud necrosis virus (pbnv), a member of the genus tospovirus, contained both viral(v) and viral complementary(vc) sense l rnas. defective forms of l rna containing 'core polymerase region' were observed. the full length l rna of pbnv was sequenced using overlapping cdna clones. the 8911 nucleotide l rna contains a single open reading frame (orf) in the vc strand, and encodes a protein of 330 kda. at the 5' and 3' term ...	1998	9930194
alfalfa mosaic virus rnas serve as cap donors for tomato spotted wilt virus transcription during coinfection of nicotiana benthamiana.	tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was shown to use alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas as cap donors in vivo during a mixed infection in nicotiana benthamiana. by use of nested reverse transcription-pcr, tswv n and nss mrnas provided with capped leader sequences derived from all four amv rnas could be cloned and sequenced. the sequence specificity of the putative tswv endonuclease involved is discussed.	1999	10233983
tomato spotted wilt virus particle morphogenesis in plant cells.	a model for the maturation of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) particles is proposed, mainly based on results with a protoplast infection system, in which the chronology of different maturation events could be determined. by using specific monoclonal and polyclonal antisera in immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, the site of tswv particle morphogenesis was determined to be the golgi system. the viral glycoproteins g1 and g2 accumulate in the golgi prior to a process of wrapping, by which ...	1999	9971812
tissue tropism related to vector competence of frankliniella occidentalis for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus.	the development of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) infection in the midgut and salivary glands of transmitting and non-transmitting thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, was studied to elucidate tissue tropism and the virus pathway within the body of this vector. immunohistological techniques used in this study showed that the midgut, foregut and salivary glands were the only organs in which virus accumulated. the first signals of infection, observed as randomly distributed fluorescent granu ...	1999	10073714
functional expression in bacteria and plants of an scfv antibody fragment against tospoviruses.	recombinant antibodies expressed in plants ('plantibodies'), directed against crucial antigens and addressed to the right cell compartment, may be able to protect against viral diseases. moreover, antibody fragments produced in bacteria or plants may provide low cost reagents for immunodiagnosis.	1999	10231089
increase of tospoviral diversity in brazil with the identification of two new tospovirus species, one from chrysanthemum and one from zucchini.	abstract during a survey conducted in several different regions of brazil, two unique tospoviruses were isolated and characterized, one from chrysanthemum and the other from zucchini. the chrysanthemum virus displayed a broad host range, whereas the virus from zucchini was restricted mainly to the family cucurbitaceae. double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western immunoblot analyses demonstrated that both viruses were serologically distinct from all reported tospovirus ...	1999	18944712
impeded thrips transmission of defective tomato spotted wilt virus isolates.	two defective rna-containing isolates (pe-1 and 16-2) and an envelope-deficient (env ) isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were tested for their transmissibility by frankliniella occidentalis. the pe-1 isolate contained a truncated l rna segment that barely interfered with symptom expression and replication of the wild-type (wt) l rna segment. this isolate was transmitted with an efficiency of 51%, a value comparable to that found for wt tswv (54%). isolate 16-2, which contained a genuin ...	2000	18944549
nucleocapsid gene-mediated transgenic resistance provides protection against tomato spotted wilt virus epidemics in the field.	abstract transformation of plants with the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) provides resistance to disease development; however, information is lacking on the response of plants to natural inoculum in the field. three tobacco cultivars were transformed with the n gene of a dahlia isolate of tswv (tswv-d), and plants were evaluated over several generations in the greenhouse. the resistant phenotype was more frequently observed in 'burley 21' than in 'ky-14' or 'k-326 ...	2000	18944602
application of phage display in selecting tomato spotted wilt virus-specific single-chain antibodies (scfvs) for sensitive diagnosis in elisa.	abstract a panel of recombinant single-chain antibodies (scfvs) against structural proteins of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was retrieved from a human combinatorial scfv antibody library using the novel phage display technique. after subcloning the encoding dna sequences in the expression vector pskap/s, which allowed the scfvs to be expressed as alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins, 17 different scfv antibodies were obtained. of these, 12 scfvs were directed against the nucleoprotein (n) an ...	2000	18944607
tomato spotted wilt virus-positive steps towards negative success.	abstract taxonomy: tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is the type member of the plant-infecting tospovirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, a large group of predominantly vertebrate- and insect-infecting rna viruses. physical properties: virions are 80-120-nm pleomorphic particles with surface projections composed of two viral glycoproteins, g1 and g2 (fig. 1). virion composition is 5% nucleic acid, 70% protein, 5% carbohydrate and 20% lipid. the genome consists of three negative or ambisense ssr ...	2000	20572961
a caps marker to assist selection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance in pepper.	the hypersensitive resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in pepper is determined by a single dominant gene (resistant allele: tsw) in several capsicum chinense genotypes. in order to facilitate the selection for this resistance, four rapd (among 250 10-mer primers tested) were found linked to the tsw locus using the bulked segregant analysis and 153 f2 individuals. a close rapd marker was converted into a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps) using specific pcr primer ...	2000	10701122
simplified, rapid method for cloning of virus-binding polypeptides (putative receptors) via the far-western screening of a cdna expression library using purified virus particles.	a simplified, alternative method for cloning virus-binding polypeptides (receptor candidates) is described. the method is based on a far-western assay using purified tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv, bunyaviridae) for screening a lambda-phage cdna expression library. the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, the principal vector of tswv, in which the virus replicates, was used for library construction. using this method several virus-binding polypeptides were identified ...	2000	10785290