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genetic reassortment between high-virulent and low-virulent dobrava-belgrade virus strains.the tri-segmented rna genome of hantaviruses facilitates genetic reassortment by segment swapping when cells are co-infected with different virus strains. we found efficient in vitro reassortment between members of two different genetic lineages of the dobrava-belgrade virus species, the weakly virulent dobv-aa and highly virulent dobv-af. in all reassortants, s and l segments originated from the same parental strain, and only the m segment was exchanged. to identify functional differences betwe ...201020734125
dobrava-belgrade hantavirus infection mimics acute appendicitis.dobrava-belgrade hantavirus infection mimicked acute appendicitis in a patient suffering from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in hungary. the 27-year-old man was admitted to the local hospital with severe abdominal pain localized mainly at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and with fever, nausea, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. based on these findings supported by computerized tomography acute perforated appendicitis was suspected and an explorative laparatomy was performed, which did ...201021075678
diagnosis of hantavirus infection in humans and rodents in ribeirão preto, state of são paulo, brazil.hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome (hpcs) is an emerging serious disease in the americas. hantaviruses (bunyaviridae) are the causative agents of this syndrome and are mainly transmitted through inhalation of aerosols containing the excreta of wild rodents. in the ribeirão preto region (state of são paulo, brazil), hpcs has been reported since 1998, caused by the araraquara virus (arav), for which necromys lasiurus is the rodent reservoir. this study aimed to show diagnostic result ...201020802928
andes virus disrupts the endothelial cell barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulation of ve-cadherin.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are severe diseases associated with hantavirus infection. high levels of virus replication occur in microvascular endothelial cells but without a virus-induced cytopathic effect. however, virus infection results in microvascular leakage, which is the hallmark of these diseases. ve-cadherin is a major component of adherens junctions, and its interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor, ...201020810734
environmental and ecological potential for enzootic cycles of puumala hantavirus in great britain.puumala virus (puuv) is a zoonotic rodent-borne hantavirus in continental europe. its reservoir host, the bank vole (myodes glareolus), is ubiquitous in great britain (gb); however, there has been no reported incidence of virus in either animals or humans. in northwest europe, increases in bank vole numbers, stimulated by increases in production of beech/oak crops (mast), are associated with outbreaks of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans. these so-called 'mast years' are determined by sequen ...201019563697
andes virus infections in the rodent reservoir and in humans vary across contrasting landscapes in chile.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an emerging infectious disease first reported in chile in 1995. andes hantavirus (andv) is responsible for the more than 500 cases of hcps reported in chile. previous work showed that andv is genetically differentiated in chile across contrasting landscapes. to determine whether the reservoir rodent (oligoryzomys longicaudatus) populations are also geographically segregated, we conducted range-wide spatial genetic analyses of o. longicaudatus in chil ...201019632357
hantavirus transmission in sylvan and peridomestic environments.we developed a compartmental model for hantavirus infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) with the goal of comparing relative importance of direct and indirect transmission in sylvan and peridomestic environments. a direct transmission occurs when the infection is mediated by the contact of an infected and an uninfected mouse, while an indirect transmission occurs when the infection is mediated by the contact of an uninfected mouse with, for instance, infected soil. based on population d ...201019821001
hantavirus nephropathy as a pseudo-import pathology from ecuador.we report a case of hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica) diagnosed in a belgian backpacker returning from a trekking expedition in ecuador, after likely heavy exposure to rodents. because of epidemiological inconsistency, molecular investigation was performed and revealed a puumala infection acquired during very limited exposure in belgium upon return.201019821128
andes virus recognition of human and syrian hamster beta3 integrins is determined by an l33p substitution in the psi domain.andes virus (andv) causes a fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in humans and syrian hamsters. human alpha(v)beta(3) integrins are receptors for several pathogenic hantaviruses, and the function of alpha(v)beta(3) integrins on endothelial cells suggests a role for alpha(v)beta(3) in hantavirus directed vascular permeability. we determined here that andv infection of human endothelial cells or syrian hamster-derived bhk-21 cells was selectively inhibited by the high-affinity alpha(v)beta(3) ...201019846530
interactions and oligomerization of hantavirus glycoproteins.in this report the basis for the structural architecture of the envelope of hantaviruses, family bunyaviridae, is systematically studied by the interactions of two glycoproteins n and c (gn and gc, respectively) and their respective disulfide bridge-mediated homo- and heteromeric oligomerizations. in virion extracts gn and gc associated in both homo- and hetero-oligomers which were, at least partially, thiol bridge mediated. due to strong homo-oligomerization, the hetero-oligomers of gn and gc a ...201019828613
case-control study on puumala virus infection: smoking is a risk factor.puumala hantavirus (puuv) is apparently transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized secretions of carrier rodents (bank voles). the means of transmission and the associated risk factors are poorly defined. an epidemiological study during the peak of an epidemic season in finland was conducted based on 282 acute clinical puuv infections and 204 controls without puuv infection or immunity. the main risk factors adjusted by age, sex and living environment were cigarette smoking [odds ratio ( ...201019781114
a serosurvey reveals bosnia and herzegovina as a europe's hotspot in hantavirus seroprevalence.the extent of hantavirus seroprevalence in the healthy population from bosnia and herzegovina has not yet been investigated; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hantavirus seroprevalence in the population from different regions of bosnia and herzegovina and in different risk groups. the serosurvey included 1331 subjects from endemic and non-endemic regions in bosnia and herzegovina. all sera samples were examined using igg elisa, and western blot (bunyavirus igg) tests. hantavirus ...201019951455
hantaviruses in the americas and their role as emerging pathogens.the continued emergence and re-emergence of pathogens represent an ongoing, sometimes major, threat to populations. hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) and their associated human diseases were considered to be confined to eurasia, but the occurrence of an outbreak in 1993-94 in the southwestern united states led to a great increase in their study among virologists worldwide. well over 40 hantaviral genotypes have been described, the large majority since 1993, and nearly half of them pathogenic fo ...201021994631
interaction of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein with ribosomal protein s19.hantaviruses, members of the bunyaviridae family, are emerging category a pathogens that initiate the translation of their capped mrnas by a novel mechanism mediated by viral nucleocapsid protein (n). n specifically binds to the mrna 5' m7g cap and 40s ribosomal subunit, a complex of 18s rrna and multiple ribosomal proteins. here, we show that n specifically interacts with the ribosomal protein s19 (rps19), located at the head region of the 40s subunit. we suggest that this n-rps19 interaction f ...201020844026
characterization of two substrains of puumala virus that show phenotypes that are different from each other and from the original strain.hantaviruses, the causative agents of two emerging diseases, are negative-stranded rna viruses with a tripartite genome. we isolated two substrains from a parental strain of puumala hantavirus (puuv-pa), puuv-small (puuv-sm) and puuv-large (puuv-la), named after their focus size when titrated. the two isolates were sequenced; this revealed differences at two positions in the nucleocapsid protein and two positions in the rna-dependent rna polymerase, but the glycoproteins were identical. we also ...201021106742
aromatic and polar residues spanning the candidate fusion peptide of the andes virus gc protein are essential for membrane fusion and infection.hantaviruses infect human cells through cell attachment and subsequent fusion of viral and cellular membranes at low ph. this largely unknown entry process is mediated by the gn and gc glycoproteins, anchored at the viral envelope membrane. performing bioinformatic analysis and peptide-liposome-binding assays we suggested in a former report that gc of andes virus (andv) and other hantaviruses corresponds to the viral fusion protein sharing characteristics with class ii fusion proteins. to gain i ...201021123541
hantaviruses and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, maranhao, brazil.to confirm circulation of anajatuba virus in maranhao, brazil, we conducted a serologic survey (immunoglobulin g elisa) and phylogenetic studies (nucleocapsid gene sequences) of hantaviruses from wild rodents and persons with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. this virus is transmitted by oligoryzomys fornesi rodents and is responsible for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in this region.201021122229
impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.current unprecedented declines in biodiversity reduce the ability of ecological communities to provide many fundamental ecosystem services. here we evaluate evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. in principle, loss of biodiversity could either increase or decrease disease transmission. however, mounting evidence indicates that biodiversity loss frequently increases disease transmission. in contrast, areas of natural ...201021124449
modulation of innate immune responses by hantaviruses.hantavirus infection can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome depending on the virus species involved. the determinants for the virus species specific virulence in humans are unclear. successful infection is a conditio sine qua non for the virulence of a virus and it is well-known that the innate interferon (ifn) system generally plays a decisive role to prevent establishment of an infection. the importance of the ifn system is underscored by the fac ...201021175415
genetic characterization of hantaviruses associated with sigmodontine rodents in an endemic area for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern brazil.an ecological assessment of reservoir species was conducted in a rural area (jaborá) in the mid-west of the state of santa catarina in southern brazil, where hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is endemic, to evaluate the prevalence of hantavirus infection in wild rodents. blood and tissue samples were collected from 507 rodents during seven field trips from march 2004 to april 2006. some of the animals were karyotyped to confirm morphological identification. phylogenetic reconstructions of rodent spe ...201021138380
[nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus infection: a case report from the outpatient sector].a 42-year-old man without pre-existing health problems presented to his family practitioner in baden-württemberg with fever (up to 39˚ c for two days), headache, abdominal pain, back pain and aching limbs. ten days before, he had done heavy gardening work. he felt diffuse pain on abdominal palpation. the physical examination of the skin, lymph nodes, the heart, the lungs and the oral mucosa was unremarkable.201021140328
temporal variation in individual factors associated with hantavirus infection in bank voles during an epizootic: implications for puumala virus transmission dynamics.abstract puumala virus (puuv), the causal agent of nephropathia epidemica in humans, is one of the many hantaviruses included in the list of emerging pathogens. hantavirus infection is not distributed evenly among puuv reservoir hosts (i.e., bank voles [myodes glareolus]). besides environmental factors and local population features, individual characteristics play an important role in vole puuv infection risk. identifying the relative importance of these individual characteristics can provide cr ...201021142469
evidence of human hantavirus infection and zoonotic investigation of hantavirus prevalence in rodents in western java, indonesia.abstract during febrile surveillance in the western java city of bandung, indonesia, a patient with clinical symptoms consistent with hantavirus infection was found to have elevated titers of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies. a subsequent epizoological investigation demonstrated a higher prevalence of hantavirus igg antibodies in rodents trapped in the vicinity of the patient's home compared with rodents from a control area (13.2% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.036). the old world ...201021142967
characterization of monoclonal antibodies against hantavirus nucleocapsid protein and their use for immunohistochemistry on rodent and human samples.monoclonal antibodies are important tools for various applications in hantavirus diagnostics. recently, we generated puumala virus (puuv)-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by immunisation of mice with chimeric polyomavirus-derived virus-like particles (vlps) harbouring the 120-amino-acid-long amino-terminal region of the puuv nucleocapsid (n) protein. here, we describe the generation of two mabs by co-immunisation of mice with hexahistidine-tagged full-length n proteins of sin nombre virus ( ...201021161552
[genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by rattus norvegicus collected from henan and neimenggu provinces, china.]objective: genetic analysis was performed to infer the relationship between hantaviruses carried by rattus norvegicus from henan and neimenggu provinces and the other known hantavirus and the vaccine strain. methods: total rna was extracted from lung tissues with trizol reagent. the complete m and s segment sequences of strains nm133 and q12 were amplified by rt-pcr. the purified dna fragments were directly subjected to sequencing, and then to sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis. results ...201021162871
[epidemiology and surveillance programs on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in mainland china, 2005 - 2008.]objective: to analyze the epidemiologic and surveillance data of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in china, from 2005 to 2008, to describe the epidemiology and trend of hfrs. methods: descriptive epidemiology were studied to analyze the surveillance data from 2005 to 2008, collected from both the internet-based national notifiable disease reporting system and 40 hfrs sentinel sites developed since 2005 in 40 counties around china. results: a total of 56 077 hfrs cases and 692 deaths ...201021163102
a temporal dilution effect: hantavirus infection in deer mice and the intermittent presence of voles in montana.the effect of intermittently occurring, non-reservoir host species on pathogen transmission and prevalence in a reservoir population is poorly understood. we investigated whether voles, microtus spp., which occur intermittently, influenced estimated standing antibody prevalence (esap) to sin nombre hantavirus (snv, bunyaviridae: hantavirus) among deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, whose populations are persistent. we used 14 years of data from central montana to investigate whether esap among de ...201021170746
vegfr2 and src kinase inhibitors suppress andes virus-induced endothelial cell permeability.hantaviruses predominantly infect human endothelial cells and, in the absence of cell lysis, cause two diseases resulting from increased vascular permeability. andes virus (andv) causes a highly lethal acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). andv infection enhances the permeability of endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) by increasing signaling responses directed by the vegfr2-src-ve-cadherin pathway, which directs adherens junction ...201021177802
rapid expansion and long-term persistence of elevated nk cell numbers in humans infected with hantavirus.natural killer (nk) cells are known to mount a rapid response to several virus infections. in experimental models of acute viral infection, this response has been characterized by prompt nk cell activation and expansion followed by rapid contraction. in contrast to experimental model systems, much less is known about nk cell responses to acute viral infections in humans. we demonstrate that nk cells can rapidly expand and persist at highly elevated levels for >60 d after human hantavirus infecti ...201021173105
an efficient in vivo method for the isolation of puumala virus in syrian hamsters and the characterization of the isolates from russia.puumala virus (puuv) and other arvicolinae-borne hantaviruses are difficult to cultivate in cell culture. to isolate these hantaviruses efficiently, hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (np)-positive but seronegative wild rodents were selected by np-detection elisa. three of 68 myodes glareolus captured in samara, russia, were np-positive and seronegative. syrian hamsters were inoculated with lung homogenates from np-positive rodents for virus propagation. virus isolation in vitro was carried out by ...201021192975
a pauci-symptomatic case of documented hantavirus (puumala) infection in a patient under anti-tnf treatment.we describe the case of an 18-yr-old male under anti-tnf treatment for crohn's disease for more than 8 months. he developed fever and biological inflammatory syndrome without absolutely no accompanying sign or symptom or paraclinical abnormality despite extensive work-up performed in the context of his immunocompromised state. symptoms disappeared after 10 days and a diagnosis of puumala infection was made retrospectively on a serological basis. the case illustrates that anti-tnf treatment does ...201021195021
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in argentina, 1995-2008.we report a large case series of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in argentina that was confirmed by laboratory results from 1995 through 2008. the geographic and temporal distribution of cases by age, sex, fatality rate, and risk factors for hps was analyzed. a total of 710 cases were unequally distributed among 4 of the 5 argentine regions. different case-fatality rates were observed for each affected region, with a maximum rate of 40.5%. the male-to-female ratio for hps case-patients was 3 ...201021122213
[morphological findings in fatal cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. report of 7 autopsies].hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an acute infectious disease characterized by sudden cardiorespiratory failure and high mortality, caused by a rna virus of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, 15% of chilean cases have been detected in the araucania region.201021186503
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome coexistent with dengue.dengue is an arthropod-borne disease caused by viruses of flaviviridae family. it poses a major public health burden in tropical and sub-tropical regions. clinical features of dengue vary from a mild flu-like disease and rash, to a potentially lethal haemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rodent-born disease emerging in the american continent and is caused by viruses of the bunyaviridae family. potential reservoirs of these agents were described in brazilian cen ...201021302604
[molecular evolution analysis of hantaviruses in zhejiang province].in order to analyze the molecular epidemiology of hantavirus (hv) in zhejiang province, the complete m and s genome sequences of 12 hv strains from different hosts and locations in zhejiang province of china during the period of 1981-2007 were analyzed on genetic evolution by dnastar and mega 4.0 software in this research. phylogenetic analyses revealed that htn and seo strains were co-circulating in zhejiang province, and the difference in sequence similarity and the phylogeny was closely relat ...201021344751
identification of a region of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein required for rna chaperone activity.sin nombre hantavirus (snv) is a new world hantavirus and causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. the viral nucleocapsid protein (n) is an rna chaperone and has multiple functions important in virus replication. the three negative sense rna segments of hantaviruses form panhandle structures through imperfect hydrogen bonding of the 5' and 3' termini, and the chaperone activity of n can mediate correct panhandle formation. n also functions during transcription and translation initiation and t ...201021378500
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the atlantic argentinean patagonia region.the hantavirus causes a hemorrhagic disease and in 1993 was responsible for an outbreak of a pulmonary syndrome in the south of the united states of america. the disease is endemic in the north of argentina where the oran strain is prevalent. a fatal case of the hanta pulmonary syndrome (hps) occurring in a migrant agricultural worker is reported.201021413585
comparison of hantaan and seoul viral infections among patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in heilongjiang, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health problem in china, and is primarily caused by either the hantaan virus (htnv) or seoul virus (seov) strains. however, the causative hantavirus has only been definitively identified in a few hfrs cases, and detailed comparisons of patient data for the 2 strains are limited.201121428852
prevalence of hantavirus infection in wild rodents from five provinces in korea, 2007.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses of the family bunyaviridae. among them, hantaan virus (htnv) is most widely distributed in korea. the striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius, is the natural host of htnv in rural korea. we trapped 766 small mammals of three species (1 eothenomys regulus, 13 crocidura suaveolens, and 752 apodemus agrarius) in five provinces in korea from january to december 2007. we tested 542 rodent sera for htnv antibod ...201121441196
concomitant influence of helminth infection and landscape on the distribution of puumala hantavirus in its reservoir, myodes glareolus.puumala virus, the agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), is the most prevalent hantavirus in europe. the risk for human infection seems to be strongly correlated with the prevalence of puumala virus (puuv) in populations of its reservoir host species, the bank vole myodes glareolus. in humans, the infection risks of major viral diseases are affected by the presence of helminth infections. we therefore proposed to analyse the influence of both helminth community and landscape on the prevalence of ...201121303497
[bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma due to an infection with hantavirus].a poor general condition of patients with hemorrhagic fever and elevated creatinine should raise suspicion of a systemic infection with hantavirus. this can often also cause ocular changes. above all, changes of intraocular pressure, in our case bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma, due to edema and hemorrhage in the ciliary body result in anterolateral rotation of the iris-lens diaphragm with closure of the chamber angle. it can also cause a transient myopia, and intraretinal hemorrhages can ...201121327947
rodent community structure and andes virus infection in sylvan and peridomestic habitats in northwestern patagonia, argentina.modifications of natural habitat in peridomestic rural areas could affect original rodent community composition, diversity, and evenness. in zoonoses such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, the presence of a diverse community can dilute the impact of the principal reservoir, reducing risk to humans. the goal of this study was to examine rodent community composition, abundance of andes virus (andv) host (oligoryzomys longicaudatus), andv prevalence, and temporal variability associated with rural p ...201121332352
arenaviruses and hantaviruses: from epidemiology and genomics to antivirals.the arenaviruses and hantaviruses are segmented genome rna viruses that are hosted by rodents. due to their association with rodents, they are globally widespread and can infect humans via direct or indirect routes of transmission, causing considerable human morbidity and mortality. nevertheless, despite their obvious and emerging importance as pathogens, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs (except ribavirin which proved effective against lassa virus) with which to treat humans infe ...201121356244
sero-epidemiological study of the presence of hantaviruses in domestic dogs and cats from belgium.hantaviruses are worldwide rodent-borne pathogens infecting humans and other animals mainly through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent excreta. few data are available on hantavirus serology and geographical distribution in dogs and cats. we therefore screened sera from pet dogs (n=410) and cats (n=124) in two regions of belgium, using igg elisa and ifa. we analysed the effect of the owner's address as well as pet gender and age on hantavirus status. hantavirus antibodies were found ...201121388647
a novel hantavirus detected in yunnan red-backed vole (eothenomys miletus) in china.rodents are the major natural reservoir of hantaviruses, which cause two main human zoonoses, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in eurasia and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the americas. surveillance of hantaviruses in rodents plays an important role in the prevention and control of hfrs and hps. in this study, small mammals were captured in an hfrs-endemic region, luxi county within the yunnan province of china, from the autumn of 2009 to the spring of 2010, and assessed fo ...201121402592
detection of hantaviruses in brazilian rodents by sybr-green-based real-time rt-pcr.current knowledge of the pathogenic hantavirus indicates that wild rodents are its primary natural reservoir. specific primers to detect the presence of viral genomes were developed using an sybr-green-based real-time rt-pcr protocol. one hundred sixty-four rodents native to the atlantic forest biome were captured in são paulo state, brazil, and their tissues were tested. the presence of hantavirus rna was detected in sixteen rodents: three specimens of akodon montensis, three of akodon cursor, ...201121442233
recent advances in hantavirus molecular biology and disease.hantaviruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens that belong to the bunyaviridae family. they have been classified as category a pathogens by cdc (centers for disease control and prevention). hantaviruses pose a serious threat to human health because their infection causes two highly fatal diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). these pathogens are transmitted to humans through aerosolized excreta of their infected rodent hosts. hantavir ...201121459193
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: when should you consider this diagnosis? 201121670936
puumala virus infection in syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) resembling hantavirus infection in natural rodent hosts.the mechanism of hantavirus persistent infection in natural hosts is poorly understood due to a lack of laboratory animal models. herein, we report that syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) infected with puumala virus (puuv) at 4weeks old show persistent infection without clinical symptoms for more than 2months. igg and igm antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein and neutralizing antibody were first detectable at 14days postinoculation (dpi) and maintained through 70dpi. viral rna wa ...201121672562
a new subtype of thottapalayam virus carried by the asian house shrew (suncus murinus) in china.recently, many novel hantavirus species carried by insectivore had been found. in order to know whether the insectivore-associated hantaviruses exist in china, asian house shrew (suncus murinus) were analyzed for the presence of hantaviruses. 362 asian house shrews were captured in wenzhou of zhejiang province. hantavirus-specific rna was detected by rt-pcr in lung tissue samples of six shrews. the complete hantavirus s and m segment sequences and also partial l segment sequences were successful ...201121801855
serum levels of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.abstract: background: hantaviruses are the causative agents of two zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). the pathogenesis of hfrs is poorly understood. however, it has been suggested that immune mechanisms, including cytokines, might have an important role in hfrs pathogenesis. thus, the aim of our study was to investigate cytokine profiles in serum samples of hfrs patients from slovenia and explore a possible correlation ...201121605369
epidemiological study on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in flood areas.to investigate the infection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in host animals and inapparent infection of hfrs in general population in dongting lake areas after floods.201121464543
serosurvey of hantavirus infection in humans in the border region between brazil and argentina.according to reports by the ministry of health, in the far western region of the state of santa catarina, there have been no reports of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a zoonotic disease transmitted by feces of infected rodents. a seroepidemiological study of residents of this region, was conducted, with the aim of determining the presence of hantavirus infections. a total of 340 volunteers of both genus, from the towns of belmonte and paraíso, were studied.201121468477
complement activation in puumala hantavirus infection correlates with disease severity.abstract introduction. hantaviruses are important human pathogens that cause clinical diseases characterized by renal and cardiopulmonary manifestations. their pathogenesis is currently poorly understood. we have studied the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of puumala (puuv) hantavirus infection. material and methods. we studied the activation of complement by measuring the terminal complement complex sc5b-9 and complement component c3 and c4 levels in patients with acute puuv i ...201121495786
viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects.to compare modes and sources of infection and clinical and biosafety aspects of accidental viral infections in hospital workers and research laboratory staff reported in scientific articles.201121497126
structural characterization of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus gn tail provides insight into virus assembly.the rna virus that causes the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne pathogen of the nairovirus genus, family bunyaviridae. unlike many zoonotic viruses that are only passed between animals and humans, the cchf virus can also be transmitted from human to human with an overall mortality rate approaching 30%. currently, there are no atomic structures for any cchf virus proteins nor for any nairovirus proteins. a critical component of the virus is the envelope gn glycoprotein, which ...201121507948
biogeographic and ecological regulation of disease: prevalence of sin nombre virus in island mice is related to island area, precipitation, and predator richness.the relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in affecting disease prevalence in wild hosts is important for understanding disease dynamics and human disease risk. we found that the prevalence of sin nombre virus (snv), the agent of a severe disease in humans (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), in island deer mice from the eight california channel islands was greater with increased precipitation (a measure of productivity), greater island area, and fewer species of rodent predators. in findin ...201121508614
environmental factors affecting transmission risk for hantaviruses in forested portions of southern brazil.using ecological niche modeling approaches, we assessed suites of environmental factors to identify areas of transmission risk in forested regions of southern brazil. we studied all officially confirmed cases from the epidemiological surveillance system of the brazilian health ministry from atlantic forest and araucaria forest areas of southern brazil (n=264), during 1993-2008. among climate-related influences associated with hantavirus cases, winter precipitation and high photosynthetic mass (e ...201121605537
seroprevalence study in forestry workers of a non-endemic region in eastern germany reveals infections by tula and dobrava-belgrade hantaviruses.highly endemic and outbreak regions for human hantavirus infections are located in the southern, southeastern, and western parts of germany. the dominant hantavirus is the bank vole transmitted puumala virus (puuv). in the eastern part of germany, previous investigations revealed tula virus (tulv) and dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) infections in the respective rodent reservoirs. here, we describe a seroprevalence study in forestry workers from brandenburg, eastern germany, using igg elisa and imm ...201121611907
human pathogenic hantaviruses and prevention of infection.hantaviruses are emerging viruses which are hosted by small mammals. when transmitted to humans, they can cause two clinical syndromes, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. the review compiles the current list of hantaviruses which are thought to be pathogenic in humans on the basis of molecular or at least serological evidence. whereas induction of a neutralizing humoral immune response is considered to be protective against infection, the dual role of c ...201121508676
glomerulonephritis emerging shortly after puumala hantavirus infection: a report on 7 patients.aims: nephropathia epidemica (ne) is mild type of hemorrhagic fever caused by puumala (puu) hantavirus. renal biopsy typically shows acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and complete recovery is the usual outcome. we previously described 5 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mpgn) after acute ne. we now report on 7 more patients who developed biopsy-confirmed glomerulonephritis (gn) during the convalescent phase of ne. material and methods: we present case histories of 7 patien ...201121612760
platelet ligands and adamts13 during puumala hantavirus infection and associated thrombocytopenia.we aimed here to elucidate the role of adhesive platelet ligands and endothelial involvement during the acute phase of puumala hantavirus (puuv) infection. nineteen hospital-treated patients with serologically confirmed diagnosis of acute puuv infection were included. patient charts were reviewed for clinical and basic laboratory data. plasma levels of von willebrand factor antigen (vwf: ag), ristocetin cofactor (vwf: rco), factor viii (fviii: c) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a th ...201121508829
the delicate pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys delicatus) is the principal host of maporal virus (family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus).abstract choclo virus (chov) and maporal virus (mapv) are enzootic in panama and western venezuela, respectively. the results of previous studies suggested that the fulvous pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys fulvescens) is the principal host of both viruses. the results of an analysis of nucleotide sequence data in this study indicated that the rodent associated with chov is the costa rican pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys costaricensis) and that the rodent associated with mapv is the delicate pygmy rice ...201121548760
maporal virus as a surrogate for pathogenic new world hantaviruses and its inhibition by favipiravir.pathogenic hantaviruses geographically distributed in the old world cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), whereas new world hantaviruses are the aetiological agents of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). ribavirin, a drug associated with toxicities, is presently indicated for treatment of hfrs, whereas treatment of the more frequently lethal hcps is limited to supportive care. because of the need for safe and effective antivirals to treat severe hantaviral infections, we e ...201121566265
expression of recombinant araraquara hantavirus nucleoprotein in insect cells and its use as an antigen for immunodetection compared to the same antigen expressed in escherichia coli.abstract: background: antigens for hantavirus serological tests have been produced using dna recombinant technology for more than twenty years. several different strategies have been used for that purpose. all of them avoid the risks and difficulties involved in multiplying hantavirus in the laboratory. in brazil, the araraquara virus is one of the main causes of hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome (hcps). methods. in this investigation, we report the expression of the n protein of the araraqua ...201121569341
sex differences in the incidence and case fatality rates from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in china, 2004-2008.background. differences between male and female individuals in response to infectious diseases are an overlooked global health problem. methods. the relationship between sex and disease outcome was examined in populations of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in mainland china, where most cases of hantavirus exposure occur. hfrs in china is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and is confirmed with serological testing. the geographical distribution, incidence, and case fata ...201121628481
infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by andes hantavirus enhances pro-inflammatory state, the secretion of active mmp-9 and indirectly enhances endothelial permeability.abstract:201121569520
phylogenetic analysis of puumala virus subtype bavaria, characterization and diagnostic use of its recombinant nucleocapsid protein.puumala virus (puuv) is the predominant hantavirus species in germany causing large numbers of mild to moderate cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). during an outbreak in south-east germany in 2004 a novel puuv subtype designated bavaria was identified as the causative agent of hfrs in humans [1]. here we present a molecular characterization of this puuv strain by investigating novel partial and almost entire nucleocapsid (n) protein-encoding small (s-) segment sequences and p ...201121598005
biodiversity and leptospirosis risk: a case of pathogen regulation?well balanced ecosystems have an essential role in disease regulation, and consequently their correct functioning is increasingly recognised as imperative for maintaining human health. disruptions to ecosystems have been found to increase the risk of several diseases, including hantavirus, lyme disease, ross river virus, malaria and ciguatera fish poisoning. leptospirosis is a globally important emerging zoonosis, caused by spirochaete bacteria, borne by many mammalian hosts, and also transmitte ...201121652151
detection of dobrava-belgrade hantavirus using recombinant-nucleocapsid-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sybr green-based real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.dobrava (dobv) hantaviruses belong to the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, and are carried by yellow-necked and striped field mice. the goal of this study was to detect dobv using serological and genetic methods in apodemus rodents in hungary and in northern croatia. during the study period, a total of 125 apodemus sp. (67 a. agrarius, 58 a. flavicollis) were tested for the presence of hantaviruses, and 21 rodents (17%) were positive by rrt-pcr and/or elisa. we conclude that the prevalence ...201121573689
shared ancestry between a newfound mole-borne hantavirus and hantaviruses harbored by cricetid rodents.discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in multiple species of shrews (order soricomorpha, family soricidae) and moles (family talpidae) contests the conventional view that rodents (order rodentia, family muridae and cricetidae) are the principal reservoir hosts and suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously hypothesized. we now report on rockport virus (rkpv), a hantavirus identified in archival tissues of the eastern mole (scalopus aquatic ...201121632770
the cytoplasmic tail of hantavirus gn glycoprotein interacts with rna.we recently characterized the interaction between the intraviral domains of envelope glycoproteins (gn and gc) and ribonucleoprotein (rnp) of puumala and tula hantaviruses (genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae). herein we report a direct interaction between spike-forming glycoprotein and nucleic acid. we show that the envelope glycoprotein gn of hantaviruses binds genomic rna through its cytoplasmic tail (ct). the nucleic acid binding of gn-ct is unspecific, as demonstrated by interactions with ...201121807393
pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography findings in nephropathia epidemica.purpose: to evaluate lung high-resolution computed tomography (hrct) findings in patients with puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne), and to determine if these findings correspond to chest radiograph findings. materials and methods: hrct findings and clinical course were studied in 13 hospital-treated ne patients. chest radiograph findings were studied in 12 of them. results: twelve patients (92%) showed lung parenchymal abnormalities in hrct, while only 8 had changes in their c ...201121600717
an unusual cause of a usual presentation. hantavirus infection. 201121868815
pygmy rice rat as potential host of castelo dos sonhos hantavirus.to study the dynamics of wild rodent populations and identify potential hosts for hantavirus, we conducted an eco-epidemiologic study in campo novo do parecis, mato grosso state, brazil. we detected and genetically characterized castelo dos sonhos virus found in a species of pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys utiaritensis).201121801642
molecular evolution of azagny virus, a newfound hantavirus harbored by the west african pygmy shrew (crocidura obscurior) in cote d'ivoire.abstract: background: tanganya virus (tgnv), the only shrew-associated hantavirus reported to date from sub-saharan africa, is harbored by the therese's shrew (crocidura theresae), and is phylogenetically distinct from thottapalayam virus (tpmv) in the asian house shrew (suncus murinus) and imjin virus (mjnv) in the ussuri white-toothed shrew (crocidura lasiura). the existence of myriad soricid-borne hantaviruses in eurasia and north america would predict the presence of additional hantaviruses ...201121798050
longitudinal analysis of the human t cell response during acute hantavirus infection.longitudinal studies of t cell immune responses during viral infections in humans are essential for our understanding of how effector t cell responses develop, clear infection, and provide long-lasting immunity. here, following an outbreak of a puumala hantavirus infection in the human population, we longitudinally analyzed the primary cd8 t cell response in infected individuals from the first onset of clinical symptoms until viral clearance. a vigorous cd8 t cell response was observed early fol ...201121795350
[investigation on the natural infectious status of hantaviruses among small mammals in longquan city, zhejiang province].to investigate the situation of the natural infection of hantaviruses (hv) in small mammals and to provide evidence for the control and prevention of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in longquan area, zhejiang province.201121781480
hla associated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrom disease progression in slovenian patients.mhc class i and class ii genes regulate the balance between appropriate aggressive responses and invading pathogens while minimising the destruction of host tissue. several studies have shown that in hfrs patients the disease outcome is determined by a complex interaction between the virus, immunopathologic and human genetic factors. in slovenia the severity of the disease caused by puuv is significantly lower than that of hfrs due to dobv. we have determined 23 different hla-b and 12 different ...201121775516
pathogenic old world hantaviruses infect renal glomerular and tubular cells and induce disassembling of cell-to-cell contacts.viral hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by enhanced permeability. one of the most affected target organs of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is the kidney, and an infection often results in acute renal failure. to study the underlying cellular effects leading to kidney dysfunction, we infected human renal cell types in vitro that are critical for the barrier functions of the kidney and examined kidney biopsies of hantavirus-infected patients. we analyzed the infection ...201121775443
t cells are not required for pathogenesis in the syrian hamster model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.andes virus (andv) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). in hamsters, andv causes a respiratory distress syndrome closely resembling human hps. the mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with hps is poorly understood; however, t cell immunopathology has been implicated based on circumstantial and corollary evidence. here, we show that following andv challenge, hamster t cell activation corresponds with the onset of ...201121775442
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, united states, 1993-2009.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe respiratory illness identified in 1993. since its identification, the centers for disease control and prevention has obtained standardized information about and maintained a registry of all laboratory-confirmed hps cases in the united states. during 1993-2009, a total of 510 hps cases were identified. case counts have varied from 11 to 48 per year (case-fatality rate 35%). however, there were no trends suggesting increasing or decreasing case count ...201121762572
dynamics of hantavirus infection in peromyscus leucopus of central pennsylvania.abstract hantaviruses are distributed throughout the united states and are the etiologic agents for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. hantavirus genotypes and epidemiologic patterns vary spatially across the united states. while several longitudinal studies have been performed in the western united states, little is known about the virus in the eastern united states. we undertook a longitudinal study of hantaviruses in the primary rodent reservoir host in c ...201121756028
spatial structure of rodent populations and infection patterns of hantavirus in seven villages of shandong province from february 2006 to january 2007.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in junan county, shandong province, china. we conducted geographic information system (gis)-based spatial analysis with the objective of estimating the spatial distribution of rodent populations and their hantavirus infection patterns, to describe the spatial relationships of hantavirus strains in small ecological areas and to identify key areas in endemic areas of hfrs for future public health planning and resource allocation.201121740769
landscape genetics highlights the role of bank vole metapopulation dynamics in the epidemiology of puumala hantavirus.rodent host dynamics and dispersal are thought to be critical for hantavirus epidemiology as they determine pathogen persistence and transmission within and between host populations. we used landscape genetics to investigate how the population dynamics of the bank vole myodes glareolus, the host of puumala hantavirus (puuv), vary with forest fragmentation and influence puuv epidemiology. we sampled vole populations within the ardennes, a french puuv endemic area. we inferred demographic features ...201121819469
serological evidence of hantavirus infection in farm and abattoir workers in trinidad--a preliminary study.hantaviruses are established causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers and renal diseases amongst other clinical manifestations in humans, with most diagnosis based on serological assays. the disease, which is rodent-borne, has been reported in numerous countries worldwide but information about the disease is scanty in the caribbean. the objective of this investigation is to determine the frequency of exposure to hantaviruses in a selected apparently healthy human population associated with abattoi ...201121728870
young male patients are at elevated risk of developing serious central nervous system complications during acute puumala hantavirus infection.abstract:201121838931
procalcitonin in hantavirus infections.in hantavirus infections levels of serum leukocytes or c-reactive protein are usually elevated to levels found in serious bacterial infections. however, procalcitonin in patients infected with hantavirus has not yet been discussed in the literature. a total of 29 adult patients with hantavirus infection, 30 with sepsis, and 19 with tick-borne encephalitis were included in this observational retrospective study. the median procalcitonin level in patients with hantavirus infection was 0.53 µg/l (r ...201121344982
genetic diversity of imjin virus in the ussuri white-toothed shrew (crocidura lasiura) in the republic of korea, 2004-2010.recently, imjin virus (mjnv), a genetically distinct hantavirus, was isolated from lung tissues of the ussuri white-toothed shrew (crocidura lasiura) captured near the demilitarized zone in the republic of korea. to clarify the genetic diversity of mjnv, partial m- and l-segment sequences were amplified from lung tissues of 12 of 37 (32.4%) anti-mjnv igg antibody-positive ussuri white-toothed shrews captured between 2004 and 2010. a 531-nucleotide region of the m segment (coordinates 2,255 to 2, ...201121303516
high activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is associated with renal insufficiency in puumala hantavirus induced nephropathia epidemica.nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. the severity of ne varies greatly. the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) activity is associated with the severity of ne. a prospectively collected cohort of 102 consecutive patients with acute serologically confirmed ne was examined. serum kynurenine, tryptophan, creatinine, crp, and blood cell count were measured for up to 5 consecutive days ...201121328391
using geographic information system-based ecologic niche models to forecast the risk of hantavirus infection in shandong province, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is an important public health problem in shandong province, china. in this study, we combined ecologic niche modeling with geographic information systems (gis) and remote sensing techniques to identify the risk factors and affected areas of hantavirus infections in rodent hosts. land cover and elevation were found to be closely associated with the presence of hantavirus-infected rodent hosts. the averaged area under the receiver operating characterist ...201121363991
specific humoral reaction of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) patients in china to recombinant nucleocapsid proteins from european hantaviruses.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in east asia and europe. this study was initiated to investigate the reactivity of antibodies in sera of chinese hfrs patients with the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rnps) of hantaan virus (htnv), dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv), and puumala virus (puuv), which are the prevalent hantavirus strains in europe. forty-eight pairs of acute and convalescent sera were collected from hfrs patients in hubei, china (1985-2002) and tested by indire ...201121222012
time to revise the paradigm of hantavirus syndromes? hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by european hantavirus.hantaviruses have previously been recognised to cause two separate syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in eurasia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the americas. however, increasing evidence suggests that this dichotomy is no longer fruitful when recognising human hantavirus disease and understanding the pathogenesis. herein are presented three cases of severe european puumala hantavirus infection that meet the hps case definition. the clinical and pathological findings we ...201121234633
development and application of a flow cytometric potency assay for dna vaccines.we have developed a rapid, reliable, and sensitive quantitative flow cytometric assay to measure the in vitro potency and stability of dna vaccines to be delivered either by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (pmed) or by electroporation. the method involves transfecting cells with test dna and comparing the measured antigen expression to that generated with expression from known quantities of reference material dna. the assay was adapted for performance under good laboratory practice (glp) gu ...201121219978
interview with pedro fernando da costa vasconcelos, md, phd. interview by vicki glaser. 201121261512
hantavirus infection during a stay in a mountain hut in northern slovakia.hantaviruses in europe cause human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) with various degree of severity. the most severe form is caused by the dobrava/belgrade virus (dobv), associated with the rodent apodemus flavicollis. during the last decade cases of infection caused by dobv have been reported in central europe. the present study is a report on two czech patients with severe hfrs who were infected during their stay in a mountain hut in northern slovakia. the two patients, combined wi ...201121264871
delayed density-dependent prevalence of sin nombre virus infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) in central and western montana.understanding how transmission of zoonoses takes place within reservoir populations, such as sin nombre virus (snv) among deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), is important in determining the risk of exposure to other hosts, including humans. in this study, we examined the relationship between deer mouse populations and the prevalence of antibodies to snv, a system where the effect of host population abundance on transmission is debated. we examined the relationship between abundance of deer mice ...201121269997
genetic evidence of hantavirus infections in wild rodents from northwestern colombia.this report builds on recent serological evidence for the presence of hantavirus in northern colombia by providing sequence-specific and phylogenetic data of hantavirus infections in wild rodents. from august 2007 to august 2008, 354 rodent specimens representing four families were collected in the northwestern antioquia region of colombia. antibodies reactive to sin nombre virus and maciel virus antigens by igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found in 15 of 109 (14%) cherries cane rats ( ...201121284514
inactivation of hantaviruses by n-ethylmaleimide preserves virion integrity.thiol groups of cysteine residues are crucial for the infectivity of various enveloped viruses, but their role in the infectivity of viruses of the family bunyaviridae has thus far not been studied. this report shows that thiol groups are essential to the infectivity of hantaviruses. alkylation of the thiol functional groups using the membrane-permeable compound n-ethylmaleimide (nem) and membrane-impermeable compound 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (dtnb) showed nem to be a highly effecti ...201121289161
seroepidemiological survey of hantavirus infection in healthy people in vallès occidental, barcelona.hantaviruses are the etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in europe and asia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in america. approximately 150,000 cases are reported annually worldwide. in spain, some hantavirus infection cases have been described. besides, rodents that have been described as hantavirus reservoirs are present. the aim of the present study was to determinate the seroprevalence of hantavirus in humans in the northeast of spain.201121417923
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