Publications

radiologic findings of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.		1996	8779215
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: epidemiology, prevention, and case presentation of a new viral strain.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a viral infection from a new strain of hantavirus. the hantavirus was first discovered in north america in 1993 after an outbreak of fatal illness on a navajo indian reservation in new mexico. since then, 122 cases of hps (with a high mortality rate of more than 50%) have been reported in 23 states, with the highest prevalence in the four corners area. the reservoir for hantavirus is small rodents, mostly field mice, vole, and chipmunks. it is transmitted t ...	1996	8784877
direct genetic detection of dobrava virus in greek and albanian patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	blood samples were collected from an albanian and a greek patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. the genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific dna fragments from rna extracted from the blood of the patients; nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the causative agent of the disease was dobrava virus. these findings suggest that dobrava virus (which was originally isolated from the lungs of an apodenws flavi ...	1996	8699076
a patient with down's syndrome and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis.		1996	8703724
[differential diagnosis of hantavirus infection--adult still syndrome].		1996	8709914
meeting the public's need for information during the arizona hantavirus outbreak.		1996	8712282
retrospective diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 1978-1993: implications for emerging infectious diseases.	to investigate the occurrence of unrecognized cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome preceding the detection of the 1993 outbreak in the southwestern united states and the initial description of the syndrome.	1996	8712893
[what do we know about hantavirus?].		1996	8714190
serological evidence for zoonotic hantaviruses in north carolina rodents.	in a survey of seven species of wild rodents (n = 423) collected between october 1993 and march 1994 from the three principal ecological biomes of north carolina (usa), we found hantavirus antibodies in seven (2%) of 301 peromyscus spp. hantavirus antibodies were detected in p. leucopus and p. maniculatus captured from mountain and coastal island biomes. three mice were positive for sin nombre virus, while four others had antibodies to seoul virus or a related agent. two mice serologically posit ...	1996	8722278
evidence against person-to-person transmission of hantavirus to health care workers.	unusual, primarily pulmonary, manifestations of hantaviral illness occurring in the southwestern united states raised the possibility of person-to-person transmission of a recently recognized hantavirus, sin nombre virus. to determine whether such transmission had occurred among health care workers (hcws) exposed to patients with confirmed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, we evaluated hcws who had cared for patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or who had processed specimens from these patie ...	1996	8722939
occupational exposure leading to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a utility company employee.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a newly recognized rodent-borne zoonosis. we report a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in an employee of a california utility company who was probably occupationally exposed to sin nombre virus. environmental assessment and genetic comparison of the patient's hantavirus isolates to hantavirus isolates from rodents trapped at possible sites of exposure suggested that the patient contracted his infection at the work site. the study revealed a close corresponde ...	1996	8722943
hanta is coming.	the hanta virus is coming again. yes, it is coming again and again to your town to your rodents and to your homes! we can resolve to prevent it, contain it, and treat it in a scientific and humane way, or we can salivate, scratch, bite, and run like rats and mice and voles and shrews.	1996	8725626
third international conference on haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantaviruses.		1996	8731183
retrospective diagnosis of a fatal case of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 1980.		1996	8732742
[retrospective detection of hantavirus clinical infections in argentina].	hantavirus activity in rodents and human beings in argentina has been known since the 1980's. in this study, we retrospectively investigated hantavirus infections among argentine hemorrhagic fever (ahf) cases notified between 1987 and 1994, without virological confirmation. igg and igm antibodies to hantavirus were tested by elisa. among 1028 patients included in the study, we found 13 recent infections (1.26%) and 13 remote infections (1.26%). igg antibodies determined in 745 healthy persons li ...	1996	8734923
serological evidence of human hantavirus infection in argentina, bolivia and uruguay.	a serological survey was conducted in 1985-1987 to determine the presence of infection for hantavirus in the general population in argentina, uruguay, paraguay and bolivia, as well as among rodent-exposed laboratory workers in argentina. out of 748 individuals tested by immunofluorescence 20 proved positive for hantaan virus 76/118 strain of whom 16 also reacted against seoul virus 80/39 strain and 2 against puumala virus sotkamo strain. ten out of 72 argentine laboratory workers were positive f ...	1996	8734925
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1995 and 1996.	sporadic cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), a severe cardiopulmonary illness first identified in 1993, continue to be recognized in the united states (1,2). this report describes the investigation of two cases of sin nombre virus (snv)-associated hps involving feedlot workers in a single household during may-june 1995, and summarizes national reporting for hps through march 21, 1996. the findings of this investigation and of other investigations suggest that, although domestic and occ ...	1996	8598827
cytokines, adhesion molecules, and cellular infiltration in nephropathia epidemica kidneys: an immunohistochemical study.	puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne) is an important cause for an acute reversible renal failure in scandinavia, european russia, and the balkans. the characteristic histopathological renal finding is an acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. mild to massive proteinuria, hematuria, and a rise in the serum creatinine level are typically seen. the pathogenetic mechanisms of ne kidney failure are incompletely understood. therefore we studied the infiltrating cell populations and loca ...	1996	8599883
histopathology of peromyscus leucopus naturally infected with pathogenic ny-1 hantaviruses: pathologic markers of hps viral infection in mice.	hantavirus research is impeded by the absence of animal models of viral pathogenesis. we have studied the histopathology of mice (p. leucopus) naturally infected with the ny-1 hantavirus on shelter island, new york. five mice were determined to be seropositive in western blotting to four corners virus nucleocapsid protein and had serum antibodies to seoul and puumala hantavirus antigens by immunofluorescence assay. hantavirus gene segments of the ny-1 hantavirus were identified in these mice and ...	1996	8600313
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.		1996	8602007
hantavirus infection in taiwan.		1996	8602039
spread of hantavirus infections in europe.		1996	8602040
epidemiologic linkage of rodent and human hantavirus genomic sequences in case investigations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	sin nombre virus (snv) causes the zoonotic disease hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). its mechanisms of transmission from rodent to human are poorly understood. it is possible that specific genetic signature sequences could be used to determine the probable site of each case-patient's exposure. environmental assessments suggested 12 possible sites of rodent exposure for 6 hps patients. rodents were captured at 11 of the 12 sites and screened for snv infection within 2 weeks of the patient's di ...	1996	8603954
hantavirus illness in humans: review and update.	hantavirus is a rodent-borne pathogen that has been well characterized since the 1950s in asia and northern europe. the classic hantaviral illnesses hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and nephropathia epidemica are indistinguishable from the hantaviral pulmonary syndrome (hps) in early symptoms and laboratory data, but hps goes on to produce the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and usually spares the kidney. hps is the first hantaviral disease reported in humans in the western hemis ...	1996	8604454
cardiopulmonary manifestations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	to describe the clinical characteristics of a group of patients infected with the newly recognized hantavirus in the southwestern united states.	1996	8605797
characterization of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein: identification of b-cell epitopes and domains involved in protective immunity.	b-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein (n) of puumala (puu) virus were investigated by use of truncated recombinant proteins and overlapping peptides. six of seven epitopes, recognized by bank vole monoclonal antibodies, were localized within the amino-terminal region of the protein (aa 1-79). polyclonal antibodies from wild-trapped or experimentally infected bank voles identified epitopes located over the entire protein. antibody end-point titers to different n fragments indicated that the ...	1996	8607269
patterns and predictability in emerging infections.	many seemingly novel infections have a long history as zoonoses, and perhaps in sporadic human hosts; they gain access to new host populations through ecologic changes and human activity. identification of patterns in the emergence of such illnesses--ranging from influenza and lyme disease to ebola fever and aids--suggests that worldwide surveillance may be more feasible than once thought.	1996	8609193
hantaviruses are likely threat to nato forces in bosnia and herzegovina and croatia.		1996	8612216
hantavirus antigen detection using human serum immunoglobulin m as the capturing antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect different hantavirus antigens in cell culture; i.e. puumala (puu), hantaan (htn), and dobrava (dob) viruses. the assay was based on binding human serum immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to the solid phase by use of goat anti-igm antibodies. the captured igm antibodies were present in the acute phase serum from two patients: one infected in sweden and the other in bosnia. antigens being bound to the solid phase by the human anti ...	1996	8615449
hantaviruses in the united states.		1996	8615702
human and rodent hantavirus infection in new york state: public health significance of an emerging infectious disease.	a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with possible exposure in new york and/or rhode island was confirmed in february 1994.	1996	8615704
from the centers for disease control and prevention. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1995 and 1996.		1996	8618355
occurrence of hantavirus within the rodent population of northeastern california and nevada.	these studies were initiated to determine the prevalence and hosts of hantaviruses within the rodent population of nevada and northeastern california. a total of 1,867 rodents were collected, sexed, weighed, identified, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibody against hantavirus nucleocapsid. the primary hosts for hantaviruses in this region were found within the family muridae (peromyscus maniculatus. reithrodontomys megalotis. and microtus montanus). studies ...	1996	8619434
khabarovsk virus: a phylogenetically and serologically distinct hantavirus isolated from microtus fortis trapped in far-east russia.	two hantavirus strains, mf43 and mf113, isolated from microtus fortis trapped in the khabarovsk region of far-eastern russia, were analysed by direct nucleotide sequencing of pcr generated fragments of the m and s segments, by immunofluorescence and by focus reduction neutralization tests (frnt). the nucleotide sequences revealed that the two isolates were closely related to each other but distinct from all other hantaviruses. phylogenetic analysis of the m and s segments showed that the mf stra ...	1996	8627257
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in germany.		1996	8637377
western blotting using recombinant hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in silkworm as a serological confirmation of hantavirus infection in human sera.	recombinant hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in silkworm larvae was applied as a serological diagnostic antigen in western blots (wb) of human sera. the sensitivity of this method was similar to that of the ifa test. hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and nephropathia epidemica diagnosed by their cross-reactivity in wb. the specificity of this method was higher than that of ifa test because the background was low. sera that exhibited high background staining in the ifa test ...	1996	8645761
[genetic differentiation of hantaviruses using the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing].	thirty-two hantavirus strains and 8 samples of lung tissue from rodents collected in different regions of russia have been examined by molecular biological methods. two methodological approaches have been employed for the study of genetic relationships between the viruses: nested pcr assay and common rt-pcr with subsequent direct sequencing of 200 and 365 base pair of g2 protein encoding regions of m-segment, respectively, and the resultant sequences were compared with those of the prototype han ...	1996	8669142
hantaan and puumala virus antibodies in blood donors in samara, an hfrs-endemic region in european russia.		1996	8676649
genetic and phylogenetic analyses of hantaviral sequences amplified from archival tissues of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae) captured in the eastern united states.	the s and m segments of a hantavirus, enzymatically amplified from tissues of cloudland deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae) captured during 1985 in west virginia, diverged from strains of four corners virus from the southwestern united states by more than 16% and 6% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. phylogenetic analysis suggested that this virus strain (designated monongahela) forms a possible evolutionary link between the four corners and new york hantaviruses.	1996	8678841
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the first 100 us cases.	in the spring of 1993, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) "emerged" in the southwestern united states, where a multiagency investigation led to the rapid description of this new clinical entity and its etiology. analysis of the first 100 us cases identified showed that the disease was distributed in 21 states, had gone unrecognized since at least 1959, and had a distinct spring-early summer seasonality. of the infected persons, 54% were male; 63% were caucasian, 35% were native american, and 2% ...	1996	8648200
genetic identification of a new hantavirus causing severe pulmonary syndrome in argentina.	a fatal case of serologically confirmed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was recently reported in southwestern argentina. nucleotide sequence analysis of pcr fragments from conserved regions of the s and m genomic segments of the virus, amplified from rna extracted from autopsy lung and liver tissues, showed the virus (referred as andes virus) to be novel. comparisons between andes virus genome sequences with the corresponding sequences of the more closely related hantaviruses revealed differ ...	1996	8659118
sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: a reconsideration of koch's postulates.	over 100 years ago, robert koch introduced his ideas about how to prove a causal relationship between a microorganism and a disease. koch's postulates created a scientific standard for causal evidence that established the credibility of microbes as pathogens and led to the development of modern microbiology. in more recent times, koch's postulates have evolved to accommodate a broader understanding of the host-parasite relationship as well as experimental advances. techniques such as in situ hyb ...	1996	8665474
newly recognised hantavirus in siberian lemmings.		1996	8667948
utility of emergency, telephone-based national surveillance for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. hantavirus task force.	on may 27, 1993, in response to the outbreak investigation of newly recognized hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the four corners states (new mexico, arizona, utah, and colorado), the centers for disease control and prevention established a national surveillance case definition for severe, unexplained respiratory disease to determine the extent of hps throughout the united states. a toll-free telephone hotline number was instituted to provide updated information about unexplained respirator ...	1996	8569020
hantavirus outbreak during military manoeuvres in germany.		1996	8569401
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in germany.		1996	8569402
lessons learned from the hantaviruses and other hemorrhagic fever viruses.	in recent years, numerous previously known infections pathogens and their associated diseases have been recognized. among these newly identified agents are the viruses that cause the hemorrhagic fevers, including sin nombre virus, the etiologic agent of the 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the american southwest. epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of the hemorrhagic fevers and their etiologic agents provide lessons that may be used collectively as a paradigm of the natu ...	1996	8571987
inhibition of bunyaviruses, phleboviruses, and hantaviruses by human mxa protein.	viruses of the bunyaviridae family cause a variety of diseases ranging from uncomplicated fever to potentially lethal encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. little is known about the factors determining pathogenicity in the vertebrate host. interferons have been reported to be inhibitory, but their mode of action against members of the bunyaviridae has not yet been elucidated. the interferon-induced mxa protein encoded on human chromosome 21 is a large gtpase with antiviral activity against distinc ...	1996	8551631
a soldier in respiratory distress.		1996	8531548
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-related virus from bolivia.		1996	8531560
ehrlichia infection as a cause of severe respiratory distress.		1996	8532017
hantavirus serologies in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.	in many patients, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia is not known but may be caused by previously undescribed pathogens in some cases. the recently identified hantavirus sin nombre (sn) causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. because sporadic cases have occurred outside the range of its reservoir (the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus), an investigation sought to determine whether hantaviruses contributed to cases of community-acquired pneumonia in a large baltimore hospital. acute-phase ...	1996	8537665
elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, soluble tnf receptors, interleukin (il)-6, and il-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	plasma levels of cytokines were measured by eia in 15 subjects hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a european form of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and interleukin (il)-6 were increased in all patients at admission, and the concentration of il-10 was increased in most. tnf-alpha concentrations were still increased 1 week after onset of disease; levels of il-6 and il-10 were normalized. tnf-alpha was undetectabl ...	1996	8537680
polarized entry and release in epithelial cells of black creek canal virus, a new world hantavirus.	black creek canal (bcc) virus is a newly identified hantavirus from florida which is carried by the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) and is associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). we have investigated the interaction of bcc virus with polarized epithelial cells to examine whether entry and release of this virus occur at specific plasma membrane domains. the polarized vero c1008 monkey kidney cell line was grown on permeable filters and infected with bcc virus either through the apical ...	1997	8995636
the evolution of hantaviruses.	hantaviruses exist in most regions of the world. the many different strains identified thus far have widely divergent roles in human disease and infect a wide range of rodent hosts. the sequence data available for the genomes of these viruses allows us to study indirectly the evolutionary patterns of the hantaviruses. in this paper, we describe relationships among the m genomic segments of hantaviruses, and attempt to relate these to the evolutionary relationships of the virus' rodent hosts.	1997	9037623
rapid and specific detection of sin nombre virus antibodies in patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome by a strip immunoblot assay suitable for field diagnosis.	to develop a rapid antibody test for sin nombre hantavirus (snv) infection for diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in field settings where advanced instrumentation is not available, a strip immunoblot assay bearing four immobilized antigens for snv and a recombinant nucleocapsid protein antigen of seoul hantavirus (seov) was prepared. the snv antigens included a full-length recombinant-expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein (rn), a recombinant-expressed g1 protein (residues 35 to 117), ...	1997	9041397
pathogenetic and clinical aspects of the renal involvement in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is the most common clinical manifestation of hantavirus infection. the main target organ is the kidney, resulting in an interstitial hemorrhagic nephritis and sometimes acute tubular necrosis. the pathogenesis is still largely unknown, but several recent studies indicate an important role for immune mechanisms including increased expression of cytokines, for example, tumor necrosis factor. immunohistochemical studies of kidney biopsies have revealed deposits ...	1997	9044447
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in wisconsin.	in the spring of 1993 an outbreak of a new illness caused by a new pathogen was identified in the southwestern united states. this infection struck relatively young, healthy individuals, was characterized by fever, myalgias, respiratory failure, and a high mortality rate. this illness was caused by a new hantavirus and has been termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the virus is carried by rodents, shed in saliva, urine, and feces. human infection occurs through inhalation of aerosolized vi ...	1997	9046232
hantavirus infection.		1997	9048125
[hantavirus: an ignored pandemic in switzerland?].	as numerous publications attest, knowledge on hantaviruses progressed rapidly since the isolation of the agent of korean hemorrhagic fever in 1978. this trend was even enhanced after the recognition of a previously unknown hantavirus that caused an outbreak of acute respiratory distress syndromes in the southwestern united states in 1993. hantaviruses are carried by rodents worldwide and may cause severe diseases in humans. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the new world and hemorrhagic fever wit ...	1997	9082534
phylogenetic methods come of age: testing hypotheses in an evolutionary context.	the use of molecular phylogenies to examine evolutionary questions has become commonplace with the automation of dna sequencing and the availability of efficient computer programs to perform phylogenetic analyses. the application of computer simulation and likelihood ratio tests to evolutionary hypotheses represents a recent methodological development in this field. likelihood ratio tests have enabled biologists to address many questions in evolutionary biology that have been difficult to resolv ...	1997	9092465
phage-displayed peptide targeting on the puumala hantavirus neutralization site.	we have selected ligands for puumala hantavirus, the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, from a seven-amino-acid peptide library flanked by cysteines and displayed on a filamentous phage. to direct the selection to areas on the virus particle which are essential for infection, phages were competitively eluted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the viral glycoproteins. the selected phage populations were specific for the same sites as the antibodies and mimicked their fun ...	1997	9094664
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	the objective of this report is to summarize the medical literature relevant to the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the english language literature was searched from january 1993 through march 1995, manually and using medline, including conference proceedings and reference lists. we selected relevant articles on clinical aspects of hps. hps is a newly described illness that progresses through three phases: prodromal, cardiopulmonary, and co ...	1997	9097374
hantavirus infections.		1997	9003738
emerging infectious diseases: a challenge to all.	emerging infections are defined as diseases of infectious origin with an incidence that has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. some of these diseases are associated with newly discovered infectious agents; others are well-known conditions rapidly increasing in incidence. five emerging infections are reviewed in this article: ehrlichiosis, a tick-borne infection caused by obligate intraleukocytic bacteria; infections caused by vancomycin-resistant e ...	1997	9012271
the english sweating sickness, 1485 to 1551.		1997	9023099
[further study of hantavirus circulation in the russian federation].	lung specimens of 1514 small mammals of 35 species captured in 1991-1995 at 9 territories of russia were tested in elisa for virus antigens of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs). the antigens were detected in lung specimens of clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis, microtus gregalis, microtus fortis, arvicola terrestris, apodemus agrarius, micromys minutus, and sorex sp., well known as hantavirus reservoirs, captured in the vologda, yaroslavl, saratov, astrakhan, and chita regi ...	1997	9182404
incidence, etiologic pathogens, and diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia.	determination of the etiologic pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia has been problematic because of the lack of reliable rapid laboratory diagnostic tools as well as the controversy concerning diagnostic criteria. in the studies reviewed here, a specific pathogen was identified in 39% to 88% of patients. streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. depending on the demographics of the study, between 2% to 43% of cases have been attributed to legion ...	1997	9193852
atypical pathogen pneumonia.	the term atypical pathogens has been applied in recent years to chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the various species of legionella. the incidence of pneumonia caused by these pathogens has increased with the development of specific diagnostic techniques. atypical pathogen community-acquired pneumonia demonstrates a broad spectrum of severity from a mild disease not requiring hospitalization to adult respiratory distress syndrome necessitating mechanical ventilation. the clinical, ...	1997	9193855
hantaviruses: four years after four corners.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an acute, often fatal, febrile illness causing rapid pulmonary failure and cardiovascular instability. since first described in 1993, considerable progress has been made in identifying the hantaviruses responsible for the disease and in defining its epidemiologic and diagnostic features.	1997	9194804
hantaviruses: a global disease problem.	hantaviruses are carried by numerous rodent species throughout the world. in 1993, a previously unknown group of hantaviruses emerged in the united states as the cause of an acute respiratory disease now termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). before than, hantaviruses were known as the etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, a disease that occurs almost entirely in the eastern hemisphere. since the discovery of the hps-causing hantaviruses, intense investigation of the ec ...	1997	9204290
an unusual hantavirus outbreak in southern argentina: person-to-person transmission? hantavirus pulmonary syndrome study group for patagonia.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rodent-borne zoonosis first recognized in the united states in 1993. person-to-person transmission has not been reported; however, in the outbreak of 20 cases reported here, epidemiologic evidence strongly suggests this route of transmission.	1997	9204298
seroepidemiologic studies of hantavirus infection among wild rodents in california.	a total of 4,626 mammals were serologically tested for antibodies to sin nombre virus. all nonrodent species were antibody negative. among wild rodents, antibody prevalence was 8.5% in murids, 1.4% in heteromyids, and < 0.1% in sciurids. of 1,921 peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice), 226 (11.8%) were antibody positive, including one collected in 1975. the highest antibody prevalence (71.4% of 35) was found among p. maniculatus on santa cruz island, off the southern california coast. prevalence of ...	1997	9204301
the hantaviruses of europe: from the bedside to the bench.	in europe, hantavirus disease can hardly be called an emerging zoonosis; it is rather a rediscovered disease. since 1934 an epidemic condition with primarily renal involvement has been described in sweden. nowadays, hundreds to thousands of cases per year are registered in fennoscandia, fluctuating with the numbers of the specific arvicoline-rodent reservoir, the red bank vole, which carries the main european serotype, puumala (puu). in the early 1980s, the rat-transmitted serotype, seoul (seo), ...	1997	9204306
virus zoonoses--a long-term overview.		1997	9208195
a major antigenic domain of hantaviruses is located on the aminoproximal site of the viral nucleocapsid protein.	hantavirus nucleocapsid protein has recently been shown to be an immunodominant antigen in hemorrhagic with renal syndrome (hfrs) inducing an early and long-lasting immune response. recombinant proteins representing various regions of the nucleocapsid proteins as well as segments of the g1 and the g2 glycoproteins of hantavirus strains cg18-20 (puumala serotype) and hantaan 76-118 have been expressed in e. coli. the antigenicity of these proteins was tested in enzyme immunoassays and immunoblots ...	1997	9208453
ecological monitoring helps researchers study disease in environmental context.		1997	9218651
patterns of association with host and habitat: antibody reactive with sin nombre virus in small mammals in the major biotic communities of the southwestern united states.	the distribution and prevalence of antibody reactive with sin nombre virus were determined in mammals in biotic communities of the southwestern united states. small mammals (n = 3,069) of 69 species were trapped in nine communities from lower sonoran desert to alpine tundra. antibody was found in rodents from all communities (overall prevalence = 6.3%); prevalence was lowest at the altitudinal and climatic extremes (0.4% in desert and 2.0% in alpine tundra). antibody occurred in 11% of 928 deer ...	1997	9129529
single amino acid substitutions in puumala virus envelope glycoproteins g1 and g2 eliminate important neutralization epitopes.	two monoclonal antibody escape virus mutants (mars), rescued from a human mab to glycoprotein 2 (g2) and a bank vole monoclonal antibody (mab) directed to glycoprotein 1 (g1) of puumala virus, strain sotkamo, were produced by using a combination of neutralization tests and antigen detection. the mars and the original virus were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing and the responsible mutations were defined and characterized. the g1 mutation was found to constitute an a to t nucleotide substitution, ...	1997	9140197
dobrava hantavirus in estonia: does the virus exist throughout europe?		1997	9149707
new hantaviruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in central argentina.		1997	9100632
common questions about hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.		1997	9103926
puumala hantavirus genome in patients with nephropathia epidemica: correlation of pcr positivity with hla haplotype and link to viral sequences in local rodents.	reverse transcription-pcr was used to analyze specimens from 20 finnish nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients hospitalized during the period from october 1994 to january 1995. blood and/or urine sediment specimens from seven patients were found to be positive for the genome sequences of puumala hantavirus (puu). pcr positivity of the specimens from the patients correlated well with the hla-drb1*0301 and hla b8 alleles, which previously were shown to associate with severe courses of ne. genetic an ...	1997	9114386
serological diagnosis of hantavirus infections by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on detection of immunoglobulin g and m responses to recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of five viral serotypes.	worldwide, hantaviruses cause more than 100,000 human infections annually. rapid and accurate methods are important both in monitoring acute infections and for epidemiological studies. we and others have shown that the amino termini of hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins (ns) are sensitive tools for the detection of specific antibodies in hantavirus disease. accordingly, we expressed truncated ns (amino acids 1 to 117) in escherichia coli from the five hantaviruses known to be pathogenic to man; ha ...	1997	9114393
hantavirus in argentina.		1997	9121542
experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to humans in rural housing.	an experimental assessment of methods to reduce rodent infestations in rural housing was conducted in yosemite national park, california, sequoia/kings canyon national parks, california, and shenandoah national park, virginia. during pretreatment surveys, nearly all (63 of 68) selected units had past or ongoing rodent activity inside. active infestations were found in 58.8% of the units. peromyscus spp. represented 91.2% of all animals caught inside housing units. despite little harborage, roden ...	1997	9158040
playing in a scrapyard and acute renal failure.		1997	9164319
assessment of occupational risk for hantavirus infection in arizona and new mexico.	differentiating occupational exposure from other potential domestic or recreational exposure(s) for sin nombre virus (snv) infection is an epidemiologic challenge. interviews on work-related activities were conducted, and serum specimens were obtained from 494 workers in arizona and new mexico. these workers may have been exposed to rodents and rodent excreta at work, but their primary occupation did not require rodent contact (national park service [n = 193]; navajo agricultural product industr ...	1997	9172092
community structure and prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents: a geographic division of the enzootic area in far eastern russia.	the results of an extensive rodent trapping effort throughout the southern part of far eastern russia and hantavirus antigen screening of tissues were used to develop a multifaceted approach for the geographic division of the enzootic territory of hantavirus. four species of rodents (apodemus agrarius, apodemus peninsulae, microtus fortis, and clethrionomys rufocanus) comprised 88.5 percent of 10,595 captured rodents and 94.1 percent of 996 antigen-positive animals. rodent fauna and the prevalen ...	1997	9221739
[the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (its etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and the diagnosis of a new infectious disease)].		1997	9229840
hantavirus antibodies in new york.		1997	9230017
high prevalence of hantavirus antibodies in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) captured in the vicinity of households afflicted with nephropathia epidemica.	puumala virus, the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), occurs endemically in europe and is spread mainly by the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). in the vicinity of each of four households afflicted with ne, we studied rodents with regard to population density and prevalence of puumala virus-specific antibodies. for each case area, a control area was randomly selected 10 km away, without regard to the presence of human settlement. during 6,000 trap nights, 328 rodents were caught, ...	1997	9230802
[of mice and men: social impact of an emerging illness].	in response to unexplained deaths in an indian reserve of the southwestern united states, a fascinating scientific investigation rapidly led to the identification of a new infectious syndrome, the "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome". the health promotion campaign that followed was remarkable for its large scale and for the efficiency of its delivery, but was not well received by the people on the reserve. this article demonstrates that the preventive guidelines were incompatible with the natives' po ...	1997	9254276
puumala type hantavirus infection with early choleriform syndrome and severe multiorgan failure.		1997	9255656
genetic characterization and phylogeny of andes virus and variants from argentina and chile.	andes virus, one of five hantaviruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), emerged in 1995 in southwestern argentina (lópez et al. (1996) virology 220, 223-226). the complete nucleotide sequence of andes virus s genome segment was determined and compared with sequences of viral rnas in autopsy tissues of more recently reported hps cases from southwestern argentina and south of chile (cases esq h-1/96 and ch h-1/96). andes virus s segment was found to be 1876 nucleotides in length ...	1997	9255937
mosaic hepatitis b virus core particles allow insertion of extended foreign protein segments.	because of its particular immunological properties, the core protein of hepatitis b virus (hbcag) has become one of the favoured 'virus-like particles' for use as a carrier of foreign epitopes. a new strategy to construct core particles presenting extended foreign protein segments was established based on the introduction of a linker containing a translational stop codon between sequences encoding a c-terminally truncated hbcag (hbcag delta) and a foreign protein sequence. expression in an esche ...	1997	9267006
type iii mixed cryoglobulinaemia in the course of hantavirus nephropathy.		1997	9269660
increased plasma levels of soluble cd23 in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; relation to virus-specific ige.	in 15 consecutive patients hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a european form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by puumala virus, plasma concentrations of soluble cd23 (scd23) and puumala virus-specific ige were determined. in the acute phase of illness, 11/15 patients had increased scd23 levels (> 91 u/ml), whereas in convalescence, values of 8/10 patients were normalized. maximal scd23 values were correlated to maximal concentrations of puumala virus-specific serum ...	1997	9276532
high prevalence of hantavirus infection in a group of chinese patients with acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology.	in southwestern china, small but substantial numbers of patients with acute hepatitis were found without known hepatropic viral infections (hepatitis a, b, c, d or e, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus) and were receiving no hepatotoxic drugs. prevalence of antibodies, both neutralizing and specific immunoglobulin (ig)m and igg, to hantaan virus were evaluated in a cohort of 136 such patients: 83 were of unknown aetiology, 53 had known viral hepatitis and 59 healthy subjects acted as controls. ...	1997	9278220
oligoryzomys flavescens (rodentia, muridae): gene flow among populations from central-eastern argentina.	in species acting as hosts of infectious agents, the extent of gene flow between populations is of particular interest because the expansion of different infectious diseases is usually related to the dispersal of the host. we have estimated levels of gene flow among populations of the sigmodontine rodent oligoryzomys flavescens, in which high titers of antibodies have been detected for a hantavirus in argentina that produces a severe pulmonary syndrome. enzyme polymorphism was studied by means o ...	1997	9465403