Publications

immunopathogenesis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: do cd8+ t cells trigger capillary leakage in viral hemorrhagic fevers?	there are many viruses known to cause viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans. the mechanisms causing hemorrhage are likely to vary among viruses. some viruses, such as marburg virus, are directly cytopathic to infected endothelial cells, suggesting infection of endothelial cells alone can cause hemorrhage. on the other hand, there are viruses which infect endothelial cells without causing any cytopathic effects, suggesting the involvement of host immune responses in developing hemorrhage. typical ex ...	2007	17897725
use of saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed recombinant nucleocapsid protein to detect hantaan virus-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm in oral fluid.	hantaan virus is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. clinical surveillance for hantaan virus infection is unreliable, and laboratory verification is essential. the detection of virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg in serum is most commonly used for the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. testing of oral fluid samples instead of serum offers many advantages for surveillance. however, commercial tests for hantavirus-specific antibodies are unavailable. for ...	2007	17913864
case report: severe neurological manifestation of dobrava hantavirus infection.	in europe infection with puumala or dobrava viruses causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). in the course of hfrs, mild neurological symptoms such as headache, vertigo, and nausea are common. however, the data about the occurrence of severe, potentially life-threatening neurological manifestations are rather scarce. here, we present a case of hfrs with serologically proven dobrava virus infection complicated by epileptic seizures and hemiparesis due to focal encephalitis.	2007	17935168
muju virus, a novel hantavirus harboured by the arvicolid rodent myodes regulus in korea.	acute-phase sera from >5 % of cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurring annually in korea have been found to exhibit a fourfold or higher antibody titre to puumala virus (puuv) than to hantaan virus (htnv) by double-sandwich igm elisa, suggesting the existence of a puuv-related hantavirus. based on the phylogenetic relationships among arvicolid rodents, the royal vole (myodes regulus) was targeted as a likely reservoir host of hantavirus. using rt-pcr, a genetically distinct hant ...	2007	17947538
pathogenic hantaviruses, northeastern argentina and eastern paraguay.	we describe the first, to our knowledge, cases of han-tavirus pulmonary syndrome in northeastern argentina and eastern paraguay. andes and juquitiba (juq) viruses were characterized. juqv was also confirmed in 5 oligoryzomys nigripes reservoir species from misiones. a novel akodon-borne genetic hantavirus lineage was detected in 1 rodent from the biologic reserve of limoy.	2007	17953094
tula and puumala hantavirus nss orfs are functional and the products inhibit activation of the interferon-beta promoter.	the s rna genome segment of hantaviruses carried by arvicolinae and sigmodontinae rodents encodes the nucleocapsid (n) protein and has an overlapping (+1) open reading frame (orf) for a putative nonstructural protein (nss). the aim of this study was to determine whether the orf is functional. a protein corresponding to the predicted size of tula virus (tulv) nss was detected using coupled in vitro transcription and translation from a cloned s segment cdna, and a protein corresponding to the pred ...	2007	17705180
thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the asian house shrew (suncus murinus).	thottapalayam (tpm) virus belongs to the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. the genomes of hantaviruses consist of three negative-stranded rna segments (s, m and l) encoding the virus nucleocapsid (n), glycoprotein (gn, gc), and polymerase (l) proteins, respectively. the genus hantavirus contains predominantly rodent-borne viruses, with the prominent exception of tpm virus which was isolated in india in 1964 from an insectivore, suncus murinus, commonly referred to as the asian house shrew o ...	2007	17711577
detection and typing of human pathogenic hantaviruses by real-time reverse transcription-pcr and pyrosequencing.	because the clinical course of human infections with hantaviruses can vary from subclinical to fatal, rapid and reliable detection of hantaviruses is essential. to date, the diagnosis of hantavirus infection is based mainly on serologic assays, and the detection of hantaviral rna by the commonly used reverse transcription (rt)-pcr is difficult because of high sequence diversity of hantaviruses and low viral loads in clinical specimens.	2007	17717126
differential resource allocation in deer mice exposed to sin nombre virus.	the resource allocation hypothesis predicts that reproductive activity suppresses immunocompetence; however, this has never been tested in an endemic disease system with free-ranging mammals. we tested the resource allocation hypothesis in wild deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) with natural exposure to sin nombre virus (snv). immunocompetence was estimated from the extent of swelling elicited after deer mice were injected with phytohemagglutinin (pha); swelling is positively correlated with imm ...	2007	17717814
elevated testosterone and reduced 5-hiaa concentrations are associated with wounding and hantavirus infection in male norway rats.	among rodents that carry hantaviruses, males are more likely to engage in aggression and to be infected than females. one mode of hantavirus transmission is via the passage of virus in saliva during wounding. the extent to which hantaviruses cause physiological changes in their rodent host that increase aggression and, therefore, virus transmission has not been fully documented. to assess whether steroid hormones and neurotransmitters contribute to the correlation between aggression and seoul vi ...	2007	17719050
delayed density-dependent prevalence of sin nombre virus antibody in montana deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and implications for human disease risk.	american hantaviruses cause a severe respiratory disease known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). in the united states, sin nombre virus (snv), carried by the deer mouse ( peromyscus maniculatus), is the etiologic agent in the majority of hps cases. the relationship between deer mouse population density and snv infection prevalence in deer mice is poorly understood. our purpose was to clarify this relationship by demonstrating the existence of delayed-density-dependent prevalence of snv inf ...	2007	17767405
bilateral acute acquired toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis after steroid therapy for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: case report.	description of a case of acute acquired ocular toxoplasmosis following hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. a 41-year-old man presenting hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, confirmed in the laboratory by detection of igm antibodies to the virus, was submitted to high doses of intravenous corticosteroids for two months. after clinical improvement of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome the patient presented visual loss in both eyes that was secondary to a toxoplasmosis retinitis. the retinitis resolved with anti-t ...	2007	17768562
endemic hantavirus infection impairs the winter survival of its rodent host.	the influence of pathogens on host fitness is one of the key questions in infection ecology. hantaviruses have coevolved with their hosts and are generally thought to have little or no effect on host survival or reproduction. we examined the effect of puumala virus (puuv) infection on the winter survival of bank voles (myodes glareolus), the host of this virus. the data were collected by monitoring 22 islands over three consecutive winters (a total of 55 island populations) in an endemic area of ...	2007	17824420
morphological characterization of hantavirus hv114 by electron microscopy.	this study was sought to investigate the propagation and morphogenesis of a new strain of hantavirus, hv114.	2007	17259735
the expression and genetic immunization of chimeric fragment of hantaan virus m and s segments.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), which is characterized by severe symptoms and high mortality, is caused by hantavirus. there are still no effective prophylactic vaccines directed to hfrs until now. in this research, we fused expressed g2 fragment of m segment and 0.7kb fragment of s segment. we expect it could be a candidate vaccine. chimeric gene g2s0.7 was first expressed in prokaryotic expression system pgex-4t. after inducing expressed fusion proteins, gst-g2s0.7 was induced an ...	2007	17266922
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: high-resolution ct findings in one patient.	physical examination demonstrated petechiae, leg oedema and mild dyspnoea. chest radiograph showed minimal bilateral hazy increased opacification, mainly on the right side, and small bilateral pleural effusions. high-resolution ct demonstrated extensive bilateral ground-glass opacities most severe in the middle and lower lung zones. also noted were a few slightly thickened interlobular septa, a few poorly defined small nodules, bronchial wall thickening and small bilateral pleural effusions. blo ...	2007	17267465
degrons at the c terminus of the pathogenic but not the nonpathogenic hantavirus g1 tail direct proteasomal degradation.	pathogenic hantaviruses cause two human diseases: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the hantavirus g1 protein contains a long, 142-amino-acid cytoplasmic tail, which in ny-1 virus (ny-1v) is ubiquitinated and proteasomally degraded (e. geimonen, i. fernandez, i. n. gavrilovskaya, and e. r. mackow, j. virol. 77: 10760-10768, 2003). here we report that the g1 cytoplasmic tails of pathogenic andes (hps) and hantaan (hfrs) viruses are also degraded ...	2007	17267477
seasonal variation of north american form of gigantolaelaps mattogrossensis (acari: laelapidae) on marsh rice rat in southern coastal texas.	the ectoparasites of a small mammal community within an intertidal zone in the upper gulf coast region of texas were studied to assess the seasonal variation in abundances of the mite gigantolaelaps mattogrossensis (fonseca) (acari: laelapidae) on the marsh rice rat, oryzomys palustris (harlan). further study into the ecology and dynamics of this parasite-host relationship was deemed to be necessary to expand the understanding of these potential participants in the ecology of bayou hantavirus, a ...	2007	17294924
cross-sectional survey on hantavirus seroprevalence in canton st. gallen, switzerland.	in 2002 the first endemic hantavirus infection in switzerland was detected only by chance following a broad spectrum of diagnostics. this raised the question, whether hantavirus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness of patients in switzerland. in order to estimate the frequency of hantavirus infections in switzerland, this survey on hantaviral seroprevalence was conducted in the canton st. gallen.	2007	17299664
detection of circulating antigen with a mab-based sandwich-elisa and its comparison with specific igm detection in sera of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	a monoclonal antibody (1h2) against nucleocapsid protein of hantavirus was developed. a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with the monoclonal antibody (mab) was established and evaluated for detecting circulating antigen (cag) in serum of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). results were compared to that of an immunoglobulin m (igm)-detecting elisa. of 143 patients with hfrs, 106 were positive for cag of hantavirus and 128 positive for specific igm. among ...	2007	17316085
selection and characterization of scfv antibodies against the sin nombre hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.	rodent-borne hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the old world and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome (hcps) in the new. most cases of hcps in north america are caused by sin nombre virus (snv). current viral detection technologies depend upon the identification of anti-viral antibodies in patient serum. detection of viral antigen may facilitate earlier detection of the pathogen. we describe here the characterization of two single-chain fv antibodies (scfvs), sel ...	2007	17336997
ex vivo stability of the rodent-borne hantaan virus in comparison to that of arthropod-borne members of the bunyaviridae family.	the possible effect of virus adaptation to different transmission routes on virus stability in the environment is not well known. in this study we have compared the stabilities of three viruses within the bunyaviridae family: the rodent-borne hantavirus hantaan virus (htnv), the sand fly-borne phlebovirus sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv), and the tick-borne nairovirus crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv). these viruses differ in their transmission routes: sfsv and cchfv are vector bo ...	2007	17337567
demographic factors associated with prevalence of antibody to sin nombre virus in deer mice in the western united states.	we used long-term data collected for up to 10 yr (1994-2004) at 23 trapping arrays (i.e., webs and grids) in arizona, colorado, montana, and new mexico to examine demographic factors known or suspected to be associated with risk of infection with sin nombre virus (snv) in its natural host, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). gender, age (mass), wounds or scars, season, and local relative population densities were statistically associated with the period prevalence of antibody (used as a mar ...	2007	17347388
sin nombre virus infection of deer mice in montana: characteristics of newly infected mice, incidence, and temporal pattern of infection.	sin nombre virus (snv), hosted by the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), is the principal cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north america. to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to the occurrence of hps, we conducted an extensive field study of the characteristics of newly infected (as determined by recent acquisition of antibody) deer mice and the temporal pattern of antibody acquisition (seroconversion) from 1994 through 2004 in montana, usa. we sampled 6,584 i ...	2007	17347389
two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in randolph county, west virginia: a coincidence of time and place?	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is caused by an infection with viruses of the genus hantavirus in the western hemisphere. rodent hosts of hantaviruses are present throughout the united states. in july 2004, two hps case-patients were identified in randolph county, wv: a wildlife science graduate student working locally and a randolph county resident. we interviewed family members and colleagues, reviewed medical records, and conducted environmental studies at likely exposure sites. small mam ...	2007	17360864
seaport as a source of hantavirus: a study on isolated isles.	since small mammals from seaports have relative higher seroprevalences of hantavirus, this seroepidemiologic study was conducted on the isles in kinmen and lienchiang counties along the coast of southern mainland china to determine whether seaport may play the role as a source of hantavirus. among six species of small mammals trapped in kinmen county, only male mus musculus (6.7%) and rattus losea (5.3%) were found to be positive. in lienchiang county, five species of small mammals were trapped ...	2007	17365077
clusters of hantavirus infection, southern argentina.	person-to-person transmission of a hantavirus was first confirmed during a 1996 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern argentina, where andes virus is endemic. to identify other episodes of secondary transmission, we reviewed reports of 51 cases of hantavirus infection from this region (november 1993-june 2005). nine clusters involving 20 cases (39.2%) were found. two patients, who had symptoms 3 weeks after they shared risks for rodent exposure, were considered a cluster. the oth ...	2007	17370522
isolation and characterization of hantavirus carried by apodemus peninsulae in jilin, china.	to provide a better understanding of hantavirus epidemiology in china, korean field mice (apodemus peninsulae) and striped field mice (apodemus agrarius) were captured in jilin province, china, where haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic. hantavirus antigens were detected in eight of the 130 a. peninsulae individuals and in four of the 193 a. agrarius individuals by using an immunofluorescence assay. partial s and m segments were amplified from all of the antigen-positive samp ...	2007	17374775
hantavirus infection in brazil: development and evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting based on n recombinant protein.	the symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome may resemble those of other febrile illnesses. the development of an accurate diagnostic test should therefore improve clinical prognosis and be useful in epidemiologic studies. we evaluated the use of a recombinant antigen (rndelta(85)) based on the s-segment sequences of a brazilian hantavirus for detecting immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against hantavirus in an indirect enzyme immunoassay (eia). we assayed 613 serum s ...	2007	17383845
index of suspicion.		2007	17400825
puumala hantavirus in slovenia: analyses of s and m segment sequences recovered from patients and rodents.	in slovenia, the co-existence of dobrava and puumala (puuv) hantaviruses in a single endemic region has been demonstrated. this study presents selected slovenian hfrs cases caused by puuv combined with genetic analysis of viral genome sequences recovered from clinical specimens and tissue samples of clethrionomys glareolus (bank voles). serum samples from nine hfrs patients were included in the study. rodents study sites were selected with regard to the hfrs cases. partial s segment sequences we ...	2007	16997412
disease emergence in multi-host epidemic models.	most pathogens are capable of infecting multiple hosts. these multiple hosts provide many avenues for the disease to emerge. in this investigation, we formulate and analyse multi-host epidemic models and determine conditions under which the disease can emerge. in particular, sis and sir epidemic models are formulated for a pathogen that can infect n different hosts. the basic reproduction number is computed and shown to increase with n, the number of hosts that can be infected. therefore, the po ...	2007	17012365
genetic properties of medium (m) and small (s) genomic rna segments of seoul hantavirus isolated from rattus norvegicus and antigenicity analysis of recombinant nucleocapsid protein.	a novel isolate of seoul (seo) hantaviruses was detected and identified in rattus norvegicus in shandong province, china and designated as jun5-14. the partial m segment and the coding region of nucleocapsid protein (np) in the s segment of jun5-14 were pcr-amplified and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis of the partial m segment (300 bp) revealed that jun5-14 isolate was closely related to former seo isolates in shandong (97.3-99.0% homology) and non-shandong seo viruses (84.1-97.7% homolo ...	2007	16927115
clinical and laboratory predictors of oliguric renal failure in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaan virus.	haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), caused by hantavirus infection, develops into acute renal failure (arf) of variable degrees of severity. we investigated the early predictive markers for oliguric arf in hfrs patients.	2007	16930718
hsp70 gene fused with hantavirus s segment dna significantly enhances the dna vaccine potency against hantaviral nucleocapsid protein in vivo.	heat shock proteins (hsps) have been shown to act as adjuvants when coadministered with peptide antigens or given as fusion proteins and enhance the vaccination efficiency. to evaluate the enhancement of the potency of hantaan virus (htnv) nucleocapsid protein (np) immunogenicity by heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), we developed a novel chimeric htnv s-hsp70 dna vaccine plasmid by genetically linking hsp70 gene to the full-length htnv s segment dna (htnv s dna). c57bl/6 mice were immunized with thi ...	2007	16935395
increased permeability of human endothelial cell line ea.hy926 induced by hantavirus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	hantavirus infection causes two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. the typical feature of these diseases is increased permeability in microvascular beds in the kidneys and the lungs, respectively. the mechanism of capillary leakage, however, is not understood. some evidence suggests that hantavirus disease pathogenesis is immunologically mediated by cytotoxic t lymphocytes and other immune cells in target organs producing inflammatory cytokin ...	2007	16979772
cross-reactive immune responses in mice after genetic vaccination with cdna encoding hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins.	hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in about 150,000 individuals in eurasia, and several hundred cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) on the american continent annually. there is consequently a need for rapid diagnostics and effective prevention of hantaviral infections. in this study we have performed dna-vaccination of mice with full-length genes encoding the immunogenic nucleocapsid protein (np) of puumala (puuv), seoul (seov) and sin nombre virus (snv). th ...	2007	17110000
serological evidence for borna disease virus infection in humans, wild rodents and other vertebrates in finland.	borna disease virus (bdv) can infect many vertebrate species, including humans. bdv infection may lead to meningoencephalomyelitis in animals. an association with human neuropsychiatric diseases has been reported, but the causal relationship between bdv and human disease remains unclear.	2007	17129759
rapid immunochromatographic test for hantavirus andes contrasted with capture-igm elisa for detection of andes-specific igm antibodies.	hantavirus is associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the clinical diagnosis of hantavirus infections has been confirmed routinely by the immunofluorescence antibody assay (ifa) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a rapid and easy diagnostic test for hantavirus infection is required. a new immunochromatographic assay for hantavirus, poc-puu, useful for the diagnosis of epidemic nephrophaty associated with hantavirus puumala ...	2007	17133547
andes hantavirus as possible cause of disease in travellers to south america.	hantaviruses in europe and asia cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and epidemic nephritis (mortality rate <1-15%). new strains of hantaviruses cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) from canada to south america. andes virus mortality rate is about 30% in chile.	2007	17161316
radiology of biological weapons--old and the new?		2007	17174174
development of serological assays for thottapalayam virus, an insectivore-borne hantavirus.	thottapalayam virus (tpmv), a member of the genus hantavirus in the family bunyaviridae, was isolated from an insectivore, suncus murinus (musk shrew), captured in southern india in 1964. while the isolation of tpmv predates the discovery of the prototype hantaan virus, little is known about its genetics and biology. to date, preliminary evidence suggests that tpmv differs significantly, both antigenically and genetically, from all known rodent-borne hantaviruses. however, since detailed epizoot ...	2007	17182762
evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectants against puumala hantavirus by real-time rt-pcr.	puumala virus, a hantavirus belonging to the bunyaviridae family, causes a human disease known as nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the implementation of effective decontamination procedures is critical in hantavirus research to minimize the risk of personnel exposure. this study investigated the efficacy of clidox((r)), dettol((r)), ethanol, halamid-d((r)), peracetic acid, sodium hypochloride and virkon((r))s for inactivating puumala virus. a real-tim ...	2007	17188760
the coiled-coil domain structure of the sin nombre virus nucleocapsid protein.	hantaviruses can cause hemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome when transmitted to humans. the nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses encapsidates viral genomic rna and associates with transcription and replication complexes. both the amino and carboxy termini of the nucleocapsid protein had been predicted to form trimers prior to the formation of the ribonucleoprotein. crystal structures of amino-terminal fragments of the nucleocapsid protein showed the formation ...	2007	17222867
computer-aided diagnosis with potential application to rapid detection of disease outbreaks.	our objectives are to quickly interpret symptoms of emergency patients to identify likely syndromes and to improve population-wide disease outbreak detection. we constructed a database of 248 syndromes, each syndrome having an estimated probability of producing any of 85 symptoms, with some two-way, three-way, and five-way probabilities reflecting correlations among symptoms. using these multi-way probabilities in conjunction with an iterative proportional fitting algorithm allows estimation of ...	2007	17225213
utilization of hantavirus antibody results generated over a five-year period to develop an improved serologic algorithm for detecting acute sin nombre hantavirus infection.	in the united states most cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) are caused by the sin nombre virus (snv) and are typically identified by serology. the goal of this study was to assess the performance of our hantavirus serologic testing algorithm by reviewing results generated over five years. sera were screened for pan-hantavirus immunoglobulin (ig)g and igm by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). screen igg+ sera were then tested by immunoblot for snv glycoprotein-specific igg, and ...	2007	17245757
ribavirin, human convalescent plasma and anti-beta3 integrin antibody inhibit infection by sin nombre virus in the deer mouse model.	the new world hantavirus sin nombre virus (snv) is an aetiological agent for the often-fatal hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). there is no disease model for snv and specific treatments for hcps do not exist. by using the deer mouse infectious model, the in vivo inhibitory potential of ribavirin, human anti-snv immune plasma (hip), an anti-beta3 antibody (reopro) and a polyclonal rabbit anti-recombinant nucleocapsid (n) antibody against snv was investigated. concurrent intraperitoneal a ...	2007	17251568
a comparative epidemiological study of hantavirus infection in japan and far east russia.	hantaviruses are causative agents of some severe human illnesses, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the viruses are maintained by rodent hosts, and humans acquire infection by inhaling virus-contaminated excreta from infected animals. to examine the epidemiology of hantavirus infections in japan and far east russia, we conducted epidemiological surveys in these regions. in japan, anti-hantavirus antibodies were found in four rodent sp ...	2007	17405352
community acquired pneumonia in the tropics.	due to the exponential growth of international exchange, millions of travelers are exposed to respiratory pathogens in the tropics and may return ill. community-acquired pneumonia is one of the more prevalent infections.	2007	17414123
chemokine production predominates in human monocytes infected with tula virus.	many reports suggest the hypothesis of a complex immune response accompanying hantaviral infections. however, little is known about the immunopathogenesis of nonpathogenic hantaviruses, especially tula virus (tulv). the aim of our study was to determine the cytokine/chemokine profile induced after the infection of human macrophages with tulv and the role of viral replication in this process. also, we wanted to establish how the study of tulv is relevant to our previous study of pathogenic hantav ...	2007	17425435
hantavirus infection induces a typical myocarditis that may be responsible for myocardial depression and shock in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	despite clinical evidence of myocardial dysfunction, there is no pathological evidence of myocardial injury in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the dominant opinion is that the primary cardiac lesion is functional rather than structural. the present study describes hantaviral antigen and particles in the cardiac endothelium and interstitial macrophages in association with a typical myocarditis in hps. human hearts from 14 individuals who died of hps were compared with hearts from 14 individu ...	2007	17436235
characterization and nmr solution structure of a novel cyclic pentapeptide inhibitor of pathogenic hantaviruses.	hantavirus-induced diseases such as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are a global health concern. hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome caused by sin nombre virus lacks specific therapy and its high mortality makes sin nombre virus a potential bioweapon agent. sin nombre virus entry into susceptible cells requires expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. we recently reported the sequence of a cyclic nonapeptide that inhibited sin nombre virus entry into ...	2007	17441904
[generalized lymphadenitis associated with hashimoto's thyroiditis].	a 26-year-old pakistani woman was admitted to hospital with fever, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and general weakness for the previous two weeks, but no diarrhea or constipation. antibiotic therapy as an out-patient had not provided relief. she also had enlarged cervical lymph nodes. she reported that she had always been in good health before onset of the described symptoms.	2007	17443443
emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe.	the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ...	2007	17445320
radiological findings and their clinical correlations in nephropathia epidemica.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). its course varies from asymptomatic to fatal. the etiologic agent, puumala virus, belongs to the hantavirus genus of the bunyaviridae family. respiratory symptoms, from common cold to respiratory distress, occur in ne. acute renal failure (arf) is evident in over 90% of hospital-treated ne patients. in this review article, special attention is paid to radiological lung and renal involvement to investigate ...	2007	17453509
hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.	hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is caused by infection with multiple types of hantaviruses throughout the americas. all strains induce a pulmonary capillary leak syndrome with cardiogenic shock in severe cases, and almost all strains have an overall mortality rate of 35%. some strains in south america are commonly associated with either mild disease without pulmonary edema or severe disease with pulmonary hemorrhage. early recognition during the thrombocytopenic prodrome phase and tra ...	2007	17458773
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the sound of a mouse roaring.		2007	17471422
prospective evaluation of household contacts of persons with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in chile.	andes virus (andv) infection, which has a case fatality rate of 37% in chile, often occurs in household clusters and may be transmitted from person to person.	2007	17471425
temporal analysis of andes virus and sin nombre virus infections of syrian hamsters.	andes virus (andv) and sin nombre virus (snv) are rodent-borne hantaviruses that cause a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). there are no vaccines or specific drugs to prevent or treat hps, and the pathogenesis is not understood. syrian hamsters infected with andv, but not snv, develop a highly lethal disease that closely resembles hps in humans. here, we performed a temporal pathogenesis study comparing andv and snv infections in hamsters. snv ...	2007	17475651
persistently highest risk areas for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: potential sites for refugia.	interannual variation in the number of cases of human disease caused by hantaviruses in north america has been hypothesized to reflect environmental changes that influence rodent reservoir populations. this hypothesis postulates that when cases are rare reservoir populations are geographically restricted in patches of suitable habitat. identifying these sites, which is needed to test the hypothesis, has proven to be a challenge. satellite imagery of the u.s. southwest has shown associations amon ...	2007	17479840
symptomatic human hantavirus in the americas.		2007	17479912
analysis of the immune response of hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein-specific cd8+ t cells in mice.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class-i restricted epitope of hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (n) was identified using overlapping peptides and balb/c mice. using the mhc tetramer derived from the epitope, we found that the level of n-specific cd8(+) t cells increased to approximately 20% of all antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells in a mouse model of transient infection. however, n-specific cd8(+) t cells were undetectable in a mouse model of persistent infection, both in the persisten ...	2007	17481691
mxa-independent inhibition of hantaan virus replication induced by type i and type ii interferon in vitro.	interferons (ifn) induce an antiviral state against hantaan virus (htnv) but the mechanisms responsible for inhibition are unclear. the ifn-inducible mxa is discussed to be important for control of infections with hantaviruses. to characterize the role of endogenous mxa, the inhibition of htnv induced by type i and type ii ifns was compared in vero and a549 cells. ifnalpha and ifngamma reduced production of infectious virions, viral rna, and nucleocapsid protein with the same efficiency, althoug ...	2007	17482705
[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps)].		2007	17491376
stable expression of hantavirus h8205 strain g1/il-2 gene and immune protection of the fusion gene.	to explore the feasibility of stable expression of hantavirus h8205 strain g1 segment and human il-2 fusion gene in vero cells, and to examine the immune protection effects on mice vaccinated with this recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing hantavirus g1 gene and il-2 gene. with the help of lipofectamine, the vero cells were transfected with pcdna3.1/hisb-il-2-g1 and the positive cells were selected by g418. ifat and sds-page electrophoresis were used to determine the stable transfe ...	2007	17497275
[study of the phylogenetic relations of puumala hantaviruses, by using the mutual information calculating method].	phylogenetic relations were investigated in the group of puumala viruses (the genus hantavirus, the family bunyaviridae) by the mutual information showing the similarity of the nucleotide sequences of s- and m-genome segments. there was evidence that recombination events might occurr in some eurasian puumala viruses (scandinavian and west-siberian genotypes). the investigation revealed the conservative sites available in the s and m segments that were common to most puumala viruses, as well as t ...	2007	17500234
lambda interferon (ifn-lambda) in serum is decreased in hantavirus-infected patients, and in vitro-established infection is insensitive to treatment with all ifns and inhibits ifn-gamma-induced nitric oxide production.	hantaviruses, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), are known to be sensitive to nitric oxide (no) and to pretreatment with type i and ii interferons (alpha interferon [ifn-alpha]/ifn-beta and ifn-gamma, respectively). elevated serum levels of no and ifn-gamma have been observed in hfrs patients, but little is known regarding the systemic levels of other ifns and the possible effects of hantaviruses on innate antiviral immune respons ...	2007	17522204
detection of dobrava hantaviruses in apodemus agrarius mice in the transdanubian region of hungary.	dobrava hantavirus (dobv) belongs to the genus hantavirus of the family bunyaviridae, and is carried by yellow necked and striped field mice (apodemus flavicollis and apodemus agrarius), respectively. the aim of this study was to detect and genetically characterize new dobv strains in rodents captured in the transdanubian region of hungary. rodent corpses were dissected and lung tissues were used for hantavirus detection by sybr green-based real-time rt-pcr using specific primers located in the ...	2007	17524512
nucleotide sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hantaviruses isolated in shandong province, china.	china is the most severe endemic area of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the world with 30,000-50,000 cases reported annually, which accounts for more than 90% of total number of cases worldwide. the incidence rate of the syndrome in shandong province is one of the highest in china, which has ever reached 50 per 100,000 persons per year. however, the molecular characteristics of hantaviruses (hv) epidemic in shandong province remain unclear. therefore it is useful to clarify nucl ...	2007	17531126
puumala and tula hantaviruses in france.	the first genome sequences of tula (tulv) and puumala (puuv) hantaviruses undoubtedly originated from france were recovered from tissue samples of european common voles and bank voles captured in jura region. genetic analysis of s and m segments of french puuv strain revealed its highest similarity to strains from neighboring belgium and germany and also from slovakia. on phylogenetic trees, french puuv strain was placed within the central european lineage formed by strains from these three coun ...	2007	17532080
dynein-dependent transport of the hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein to the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment.	in contrast to most negative-stranded rna viruses, hantaviruses and other viruses in the family bunyaviridae mature intracellularly, deriving the virion envelope from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) or golgi compartment. while it is generally accepted that old world hantaviruses assemble and bud into the golgi compartment, some studies with new world hantaviruses have raised the possibility of maturation at the plasma membrane as well. overall, the steps leading to virion assembly remain largely ...	2007	17537852
puumala hantavirus viremia diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase pcr using samples from patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome.	puumala virus (puuv) is the endemic hantavirus in northern sweden and causes nephropathia epidemica (ne), a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. there is a need for fast and reliable diagnostics to differentiate the disease from other infections. by aligning virus rna sequences isolated from 11 different bank voles and one human patient, we designed a real-time reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr method for detection of puuv rna. the real-time rt-pcr assay showed linearity from 20 to ...	2007	17537944
[prevalence of antibodies to hantavirus among hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal failure in kaunas and its district].	the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to hantaviruses among hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal failure in kaunas and its district.	2007	17551280
hantavirus and arenavirus antibodies in persons with occupational rodent exposure.	rodents are the principal hosts of sin nombre virus, 4 other hantaviruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in north america, and the 3 north american arenaviruses. serum samples from 757 persons who had worked with rodents in north america and handled neotomine or sigmodontine rodents were tested for antibodies against sin nombre virus, whitewater arroyo virus, guanarito virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. antibodies against sin nombre virus were found in 4 persons, agains ...	2007	17553266
novel hantavirus sequences in shrew, guinea.		2007	17554814
update on hantavirus in oklahoma: are we missing cases?	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was first recognized in 1993. through july 6, 2005, 396 cases have been reported in the us, including 50 from kansas, texas, and oklahoma. we report the second case of hps in oklahoma and present data from rodent testing to support the presence of hantaviruses across oklahoma. we examined oklahoma death certificates for 1999-2003 for possible unreported hps cases. the rate of death in young adults 15-49 years due to acute respiratory distress syndrome was 69% ...	2007	17557601
[an epidemiologle investigation of hantaviruses carried by rodent hosts in hunan province].	to explore the hantavirus infection and their genotype in rodents in hunan.	2007	17575936
envelope glycoproteins of hantavirus can mediate cell-cell fusion independently.	hantaviruses (htvs) are enveloped viruses and can induce low ph-dependent cell fusion. in this report we molecularly cloned viral glycoproteins (gps) cdna and nucleocapsid (np) cdna of two strains of hantaan virus and one strain of seoul virus and expressed in vero e6 cells under control of a cmv promoter. the examinations of viral gene expressions were carried out by ifa and immune-precipitation. after treatment with low ph (ph 5.8) medium the syncytium were observed in the cells transfected wi ...	2007	17619252
a new hantaan-like virus in rodents (apodemus peninsulae) from northeastern china.	lung tissue samples of 76 korean field mice (apodemus peninsulae) collected from northeastern china bordering with far east russia and korea were detected for hantavirus partial m-segment or entire s-segment sequences by rt-pcr and 481-nt mitochondrial dna fragment of the rodents. four a. peninsulae mice were found positive for partial m-segment of hantavirus. sequence analyses of partial m-segment or/and entire s-segment of the hantaviruses revealed that three were closely related to hantaan vi ...	2007	17624464
hantavirus disease outbreak in germany: limitations of routine serological diagnostics and clustering of virus sequences of human and rodent origin.	in europe, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome results mainly from infection with puumala virus (puuv) or dobrava virus. for 31 patients from a hantavirus disease outbreak in lower bavaria, a district in southeast germany, serodiagnosis was undertaken by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence assay, and immunoblot analysis. in a few of these cases, however, puuv-specific typing of antibodies by these standard assays failed and a virus neutralization assay under biosafety level 3 ...	2007	17626170
a longitudinal study of hantavirus infection in three sympatric reservoir species in agroecosystems on the argentine pampa.	prevalence of antibody reactive with sin nombre hantavirus (snv) was evaluated from rodents captured over 31 months (march 1988 to september 1990) from six mark-recapture grids on the central argentine pampa. the most frequently infected rodents were: akodon azarae (31/459), necromys benefactus (8/141), and oligoryzomys flavescens (10/281), which are known hosts of pergamino, maciel, and lechiguanas hantaviruses, respectively. relative population density and antibody prevalence varied seasonally ...	2007	17627443
early innate immune responses to sin nombre hantavirus occur independently of ifn regulatory factor 3, characterized pattern recognition receptors, and viral entry.	sin nombre virus (snv) is a highly pathogenic new world virus and etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. we have previously shown that replication-defective virus particles are able to induce a strong ifn-stimulated gene (isg) response in human primary cells. rna viruses often stimulate the innate immune response by interactions between viral nucleic acids, acting as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and cellular pattern-recognition receptors (prrs). ligand binding to prr ...	2007	17641046
human cd8+ t cell memory generation in puumala hantavirus infection occurs after the acute phase and is associated with boosting of ebv-specific cd8+ memory t cells.	the induction and maintenance of t cell memory is incompletely understood, especially in humans. we have studied the t cell response and the generation of memory during acute infection by the puumala virus (puuv), a hantavirus endemic to europe. it causes a self-limiting infection with no viral persistence, manifesting as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. hla tetramer staining of pbmc showed that the cd8(+) t cell response peaked at the onset of the clinical disease and decreased within the ...	2007	17641066
[detection of igm antibody against hantavirus by chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].	to develop a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cleia) for the detection of htnv igm antibody.	2007	17653327
[hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the triângulo mineiro and alto paranaíba regions, state of minas gerais, 1998-2005: clinical-epidemiological aspects of 23 cases].	the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment findings from 23 cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome were analyzed. these cases were identified either serologically or immunohistochemically in hospitals in the municipality of uberlândia, state of minas gerais. fever (100%), dyspnea (100%) and myalgia (78%) were the symptoms most frequently observed in this sample. the most prevalent physical signs were hypotension (65%) and tachycardia (65%). the most common laboratory findings ...	2007	17653464
hantavirus infection in east asia.	hantaviruses are enveloped rna viruses that belong to the hantavirus genus of the family bunyaviridae. these viruses persistently infect their rodent reservoirs without causing disease. the virus is transmitted to humans via the inhalation of infectious aerosols generated from contaminated animal secretions or through the contaminated saliva of animal bites. hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in euro-asia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north and south america. ...	2007	17655929
the cytoplasmic tails of uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae) g(n) and g(c) glycoproteins are important for intracellular targeting and the budding of virus-like particles.	functional motifs within the cytoplasmic tails of the two glycoproteins g(n) and g(c) of uukuniemi virus (uuk) (bunyaviridae family) were identified with the help of our recently developed virus-like particle (vlp) system for uuk virus (a. k. overby, v. popov, e. p. neve, and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 80:10428-10435, 2006). we previously reported that information necessary for the packaging of ribonucleoproteins into vlps is located within the g(n) cytoplasmic tail (a. k. overby, r. f. petters ...	2007	17670814
[transmission by feces of infected rodents. hantavirus illnesses are increasing].		2007	17672003
[the evaluation of viral load in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) by real-time polymerase chain reaction].	the system for real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed for detection of puumala virus rnaand quantitative analysis of viral rnaload in clinical samples. dynamics of viral load in blood samples from 12 patients with hfrs (from day 4 to day 17 of the disease) was studied. at day 4 viral rna load varied from 4 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(6) copies/ml. during the period of observation viral load decreased by 10 - 200 times and was not detected in majority of patients to day 11 - 15 of the disease. t ...	2007	17672134
seminiferous epithelium cycle of a hantavirus reservoir, the long-tailed mouse oligoryzomys flavescens (rodentia-cricetidae).	oligoryzomys flavescens, a common rodent of the temperate regions of south america, has been identified as a hantavirus reservoir. there is still little information concerning its reproductive biology, which is essential to devise effective control measurement of natural populations. this rodent is a seasonal breeder and adult males exhibit a short period of testicular regression during winter months (june-august). in the present study we provided a histological and ultrastructural analysis of t ...	2007	17675200
prevalence of anti-hantavirus antibodies in patients with hypertransaminemia in madrid (spain).	the hantaviruses are involved in a number of clinical syndromes of different severity and prognosis. hantaviruses are widely distributed around the world, but the spectrum of illnesses they cause outside recognized endemic areas is unclear. a retrospective analysis was performed to detect anti-hantavirus antibodies in the serum of patients with hypertransaminemia of unknown etiology and in that of healthy members of the general population of madrid (spain). antibodies were detected by indirect i ...	2007	17690415
seroepidemiological survey of rodents collected at a u.s. military installation, yongsan garrison, seoul, republic of korea.	a seroepidemiological study of selected rodent-borne diseases (hantavirus [seoul [seo] virus], scrub typhus [orientia tsutsugamushi], murine typhus [rickettsia typhi], and leptospirosis [leptospira interrogans]), as part of the u.s. military rodent surveillance and control program, was conducted from 2001 through 2005 at yongsan garrison, seoul, republic of korea. rodents were collected to determine the prevalence of rodent-borne diseases at a u.s. military installation in an urban environment. ...	2007	17691691
acute hantavirus infection or renal transplant rejection.	hantaviruses belong to the so-called emerging pathogens that are transmitted to humans by infected rodents and their excreta. in central europe, hantavirus infections usually occur in a mild to moderate form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. in contrast to the mostly benign or even asymptomatic course of hantavirus infections in previously healthy individuals, the acute hantavirus infection in kidney transplant recipients represents an exceptional situation regarding diagnosis and therap ...	2007	17692069
[virological surveillance on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in hunan province in 2006].	to understand the rate of viral carrying status among rodents as well as genotypes and distribution of hantaviruses (hv) isolated in hunan province.	2007	18476580
[study on the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in inner mongolia].	in order to better understand the epidemiological features of hantviruses in inner mongolia.	2007	18396665
[detection the coinfection of hantavirus and orientia tsutsugamushi in primary cultured mite cells].	to investigate whether hv and ot can coexist in their host (leptotrombidium scutellare).	2007	18322585
[development and evaluation of a double antigen sandwich elisa for the detection of total antibodies against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus].	to develop and evaluate a method for detection of the total antibodies against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus with improved sensitivity and simplified operation procedure.	2007	18322612
threat of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome to field biologists working with small mammals.	low risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) has been reported among biologists engaged in fieldwork with rodents. the overall probability of acquiring hps when working with rodents appears to be 1 in 1,412 (0.00071). nonetheless, a causal link between hps and lack of personal protective equipment (ppe) use is suggested by some investigators. however, supporting data are incomplete and consequently misleading. a recent hps case was assumed to be acquired during rodent-handling activities, al ...	2007	18252096
risk factors for hantavirus infection in germany, 2005.	in 2005, a marked increase in hantavirus infections was observed in germany. large cities and areas where hantaviruses were not known to be endemic were affected. a case-control study identified the following independent risk factors for infection: occupational exposure for construction workers, living <100 meter from forested areas, and exposure to mice.	2007	18252110
hantavirus in northern short-tailed shrew, united states.	phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription-pcr in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) captured in minnesota in august 1998. to our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the americas.	2007	18252128