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infection of in vivo differentiated human mast cells with hantaviruses.increased vascular permeability is a key feature of the pathological symptoms caused by hantaviruses. here, we analysed the interaction between hantaviruses and mast cells, which regulate vascular homeostasis. in highly purified human skin mast cells increasing amounts of hantaan (htnv) and, to a lower extent, prospect hill (phv) virions were produced. replication was confirmed by the production of viral plus-strand rna as determined by a virus strand-specific rt-pcr. phv but not htnv elicited e ...201020071485
epidemic viral pneumonia.two recent viral epidemics producing pneumonitis (severe acute respiratory syndrome and pandemic influenza a h1n1) have highlighted the potential for viral infections to cause respiratory failure with a significant risk of mortality. this review describes these epidemics and other causes of epidemic viral pneumonia.201020087179
a serosurvey reveals bosnia and herzegovina as a europe's hotspot in hantavirus seroprevalence.the extent of hantavirus seroprevalence in the healthy population from bosnia and herzegovina has not yet been investigated; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hantavirus seroprevalence in the population from different regions of bosnia and herzegovina and in different risk groups. the serosurvey included 1331 subjects from endemic and non-endemic regions in bosnia and herzegovina. all sera samples were examined using igg elisa, and western blot (bunyavirus igg) tests. hantavirus ...201019951455
molecular characterization of two hantavirus strains from different rattus species in singapore.hantaviruses cause human disease in endemic regions around the world. outbreaks of hantaviral diseases have been associated with changes in rodent population density and adaptation to human settlements leading to their proliferation in close proximity to human dwellings. in a parallel study initiated to determine the prevalence of pathogens in singapore's wild rodent population, 1206 rodents were trapped and screened. the findings established a hantavirus seroprevalence of 34%. this paper descri ...201020096099
[hantavirosis: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients in chile].the first cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in children were described in the united states and represented 8% of the total reported cases; in chile, the proportion of pediatric cases represents 15% of all national cases.201020140316
hantavirus nucleocapsid protein has distinct m7g cap- and rna-binding sites.hantaviruses, members of the bunyaviridae family, are emerging category a pathogens that carry three negative stranded rna molecules as their genome. hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) is encoded by the smallest s segment genomic rna (viral rna). n specifically binds mrna caps and requires four nucleotides adjacent to the cap for high affinity binding. we show that the n peptide has distinct cap- and rna-binding sites that independently interact with mrna cap and viral genomic rna, respectively ...201020164193
seoul virus suppresses nf-kappab-mediated inflammatory responses of antigen presenting cells from norway rats.hantavirus infection reduces antiviral defenses, increases regulatory responses, and causes persistent infection in rodent hosts. to address whether hantaviruses alter the maturation and functional activity of antigen presenting cells (apcs), rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) and macrophages (bmdms) were generated and infected with seoul virus (seov) or stimulated with tlr ligands. seov infected both dcs and macrophages, but copies of viral rna, viral antigen, and infectious virus ...201020170933
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, is a recently described infectious syndrome found throughout the americas. although infection is sporadic and uncommon compared with other atypical pneumonia syndromes, its high mortality rate warrants the maintenance of a high index of suspicion in rural settings. because no specific therapies are available for the disease, prevention and early recognition play an important role in reducing mortality from the dise ...201020171551
highly differentiated, resting gn-specific memory cd8+ t cells persist years after infection by andes hantavirus.in man, infection with south american andes virus (andv) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). hcps due to andv is endemic in southern chile and much of argentina and increasing numbers of cases are reported all over south america. a case-fatality rate of about 36% together with the absence of successful antiviral therapies urge the development of a vaccine. although t-cell responses were shown to be critically involved in immunity to hantaviruses in mouse models, no data are availa ...201020174562
pathogenic hantaviruses direct the adherence of quiescent platelets to infected endothelial cells.hantavirus infections are noted for their ability to infect endothelial cells, cause acute thrombocytopenia, and trigger 2 vascular-permeability-based diseases. however, hantavirus infections are not lytic, and the mechanisms by which hantaviruses cause capillary permeability and thrombocytopenia are only partially understood. the role of beta(3) integrins in hemostasis and the inactivation of beta(3) integrin receptors by pathogenic hantaviruses suggest the involvement of hantaviruses in altere ...201020181715
generation of e3-deleted canine adenovirus type 2 expressing the gc glycoprotein of seoul virus by gene insertion or deletion of related terminal region sequences.seoul virus (seov) is one of the four hantaviruses known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the medium genome segment encodes the gn/gc glycoproteins of seov, which form the major structural part of the virus envelope. gc and/or gn are the candidate antigens of hantavirus for induction of a highly immunogenic response for hantavirus vaccine. in this study, the immune response induced by a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing the gc protein of seov w ...201020181748
environmental and ecological potential for enzootic cycles of puumala hantavirus in great britain.puumala virus (puuv) is a zoonotic rodent-borne hantavirus in continental europe. its reservoir host, the bank vole (myodes glareolus), is ubiquitous in great britain (gb); however, there has been no reported incidence of virus in either animals or humans. in northwest europe, increases in bank vole numbers, stimulated by increases in production of beech/oak crops (mast), are associated with outbreaks of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans. these so-called 'mast years' are determined by sequen ...201019563697
andes virus infections in the rodent reservoir and in humans vary across contrasting landscapes in chile.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an emerging infectious disease first reported in chile in 1995. andes hantavirus (andv) is responsible for the more than 500 cases of hcps reported in chile. previous work showed that andv is genetically differentiated in chile across contrasting landscapes. to determine whether the reservoir rodent (oligoryzomys longicaudatus) populations are also geographically segregated, we conducted range-wide spatial genetic analyses of o. longicaudatus in chil ...201019632357
case-control study on puumala virus infection: smoking is a risk factor.puumala hantavirus (puuv) is apparently transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized secretions of carrier rodents (bank voles). the means of transmission and the associated risk factors are poorly defined. an epidemiological study during the peak of an epidemic season in finland was conducted based on 282 acute clinical puuv infections and 204 controls without puuv infection or immunity. the main risk factors adjusted by age, sex and living environment were cigarette smoking [odds ratio ( ...201019781114
hantavirus transmission in sylvan and peridomestic environments.we developed a compartmental model for hantavirus infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) with the goal of comparing relative importance of direct and indirect transmission in sylvan and peridomestic environments. a direct transmission occurs when the infection is mediated by the contact of an infected and an uninfected mouse, while an indirect transmission occurs when the infection is mediated by the contact of an uninfected mouse with, for instance, infected soil. based on population d ...201019821001
hantavirus nephropathy as a pseudo-import pathology from ecuador.we report a case of hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica) diagnosed in a belgian backpacker returning from a trekking expedition in ecuador, after likely heavy exposure to rodents. because of epidemiological inconsistency, molecular investigation was performed and revealed a puumala infection acquired during very limited exposure in belgium upon return.201019821128
interactions and oligomerization of hantavirus glycoproteins.in this report the basis for the structural architecture of the envelope of hantaviruses, family bunyaviridae, is systematically studied by the interactions of two glycoproteins n and c (gn and gc, respectively) and their respective disulfide bridge-mediated homo- and heteromeric oligomerizations. in virion extracts gn and gc associated in both homo- and hetero-oligomers which were, at least partially, thiol bridge mediated. due to strong homo-oligomerization, the hetero-oligomers of gn and gc a ...201019828613
andes virus recognition of human and syrian hamster beta3 integrins is determined by an l33p substitution in the psi domain.andes virus (andv) causes a fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in humans and syrian hamsters. human alpha(v)beta(3) integrins are receptors for several pathogenic hantaviruses, and the function of alpha(v)beta(3) integrins on endothelial cells suggests a role for alpha(v)beta(3) in hantavirus directed vascular permeability. we determined here that andv infection of human endothelial cells or syrian hamster-derived bhk-21 cells was selectively inhibited by the high-affinity alpha(v)beta(3) ...201019846530
genetic detection of dobrava/belgrade virus in a czech patient with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.in the summer of 2008, a 15-year-old boy was hospitalized in a paediatric intensive care unit in the czech republic. laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection was established by serological and molecular methods. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the causative strain was dobrava/belgrade virus, which is genetically closer to strains associated with apodemus flavicollis rodents.201019832712
ecology of hantaviruses and their hosts in north america.since the 1993 discovery of a highly pathogenic hantavirus associated with the north american deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), intensive ecological studies have led to many advances in our understanding of the natural history of new world hantaviruses as it relates to human disease. seventeen named hantaviruses have been identified in north america. field and laboratory studies of sin nombre and other hantaviruses have delineated host associations, geographical distributions, mechanisms of t ...201019874190
puumala virus reference strain for hantavirus serodiagnosis in france. 201019885688
rapid expansion and long-term persistence of elevated nk cell numbers in humans infected with hantavirus.natural killer (nk) cells are known to mount a rapid response to several virus infections. in experimental models of acute viral infection, this response has been characterized by prompt nk cell activation and expansion followed by rapid contraction. in contrast to experimental model systems, much less is known about nk cell responses to acute viral infections in humans. we demonstrate that nk cells can rapidly expand and persist at highly elevated levels for >60 d after human hantavirus infecti ...201021173105
modulation of innate immune responses by hantaviruses.hantavirus infection can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome depending on the virus species involved. the determinants for the virus species specific virulence in humans are unclear. successful infection is a conditio sine qua non for the virulence of a virus and it is well-known that the innate interferon (ifn) system generally plays a decisive role to prevent establishment of an infection. the importance of the ifn system is underscored by the fac ...201021175415
vegfr2 and src kinase inhibitors suppress andes virus-induced endothelial cell permeability.hantaviruses predominantly infect human endothelial cells and, in the absence of cell lysis, cause two diseases resulting from increased vascular permeability. andes virus (andv) causes a highly lethal acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). andv infection enhances the permeability of endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) by increasing signaling responses directed by the vegfr2-src-ve-cadherin pathway, which directs adherens junction ...201021177802
[morphological findings in fatal cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. report of 7 autopsies].hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an acute infectious disease characterized by sudden cardiorespiratory failure and high mortality, caused by a rna virus of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, 15% of chilean cases have been detected in the araucania region.201021186503
an efficient in vivo method for the isolation of puumala virus in syrian hamsters and the characterization of the isolates from russia.puumala virus (puuv) and other arvicolinae-borne hantaviruses are difficult to cultivate in cell culture. to isolate these hantaviruses efficiently, hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (np)-positive but seronegative wild rodents were selected by np-detection elisa. three of 68 myodes glareolus captured in samara, russia, were np-positive and seronegative. syrian hamsters were inoculated with lung homogenates from np-positive rodents for virus propagation. virus isolation in vitro was carried out by ...201021192975
a pauci-symptomatic case of documented hantavirus (puumala) infection in a patient under anti-tnf treatment.we describe the case of an 18-yr-old male under anti-tnf treatment for crohn's disease for more than 8 months. he developed fever and biological inflammatory syndrome without absolutely no accompanying sign or symptom or paraclinical abnormality despite extensive work-up performed in the context of his immunocompromised state. symptoms disappeared after 10 days and a diagnosis of puumala infection was made retrospectively on a serological basis. the case illustrates that anti-tnf treatment does ...201021195021
circulation of hantaviruses in the influence area of the cuiabá-santarém highway.we describe evidence of circulation of hantaviruses in the influence area of the santarém-cuiabá highway (br-163) in the brazilian amazon through the prevalence of specific antibodies against hantaviruses in inhabitants living in four municipalities of this area: novo progresso (2.16%) and trairão (4.37%), in state of pará (pa), and gua-rantã do norte (4.74%) and marcelândia (9.43%), in state of mato grosso. we also demonstrate the ongoing association between castelo dos sonhos virus (casv) and ...201020835614
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in argentina, 1995-2008.we report a large case series of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in argentina that was confirmed by laboratory results from 1995 through 2008. the geographic and temporal distribution of cases by age, sex, fatality rate, and risk factors for hps was analyzed. a total of 710 cases were unequally distributed among 4 of the 5 argentine regions. different case-fatality rates were observed for each affected region, with a maximum rate of 40.5%. the male-to-female ratio for hps case-patients was 3 ...201021122213
hantaviruses and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, maranhao, brazil.to confirm circulation of anajatuba virus in maranhao, brazil, we conducted a serologic survey (immunoglobulin g elisa) and phylogenetic studies (nucleocapsid gene sequences) of hantaviruses from wild rodents and persons with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. this virus is transmitted by oligoryzomys fornesi rodents and is responsible for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in this region.201021122229
aromatic and polar residues spanning the candidate fusion peptide of the andes virus gc protein are essential for membrane fusion and infection.hantaviruses infect human cells through cell attachment and subsequent fusion of viral and cellular membranes at low ph. this largely unknown entry process is mediated by the gn and gc glycoproteins, anchored at the viral envelope membrane. performing bioinformatic analysis and peptide-liposome-binding assays we suggested in a former report that gc of andes virus (andv) and other hantaviruses corresponds to the viral fusion protein sharing characteristics with class ii fusion proteins. to gain i ...201021123541
impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.current unprecedented declines in biodiversity reduce the ability of ecological communities to provide many fundamental ecosystem services. here we evaluate evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. in principle, loss of biodiversity could either increase or decrease disease transmission. however, mounting evidence indicates that biodiversity loss frequently increases disease transmission. in contrast, areas of natural ...201021124449
genetic characterization of hantaviruses associated with sigmodontine rodents in an endemic area for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern brazil.an ecological assessment of reservoir species was conducted in a rural area (jaborá) in the mid-west of the state of santa catarina in southern brazil, where hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is endemic, to evaluate the prevalence of hantavirus infection in wild rodents. blood and tissue samples were collected from 507 rodents during seven field trips from march 2004 to april 2006. some of the animals were karyotyped to confirm morphological identification. phylogenetic reconstructions of rodent spe ...201021138380
[nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus infection: a case report from the outpatient sector].a 42-year-old man without pre-existing health problems presented to his family practitioner in baden-württemberg with fever (up to 39˚ c for two days), headache, abdominal pain, back pain and aching limbs. ten days before, he had done heavy gardening work. he felt diffuse pain on abdominal palpation. the physical examination of the skin, lymph nodes, the heart, the lungs and the oral mucosa was unremarkable.201021140328
temporal variation in individual factors associated with hantavirus infection in bank voles during an epizootic: implications for puumala virus transmission dynamics.abstract puumala virus (puuv), the causal agent of nephropathia epidemica in humans, is one of the many hantaviruses included in the list of emerging pathogens. hantavirus infection is not distributed evenly among puuv reservoir hosts (i.e., bank voles [myodes glareolus]). besides environmental factors and local population features, individual characteristics play an important role in vole puuv infection risk. identifying the relative importance of these individual characteristics can provide cr ...201021142469
evidence of human hantavirus infection and zoonotic investigation of hantavirus prevalence in rodents in western java, indonesia.abstract during febrile surveillance in the western java city of bandung, indonesia, a patient with clinical symptoms consistent with hantavirus infection was found to have elevated titers of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies. a subsequent epizoological investigation demonstrated a higher prevalence of hantavirus igg antibodies in rodents trapped in the vicinity of the patient's home compared with rodents from a control area (13.2% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.036). the old world ...201021142967
characterization of monoclonal antibodies against hantavirus nucleocapsid protein and their use for immunohistochemistry on rodent and human samples.monoclonal antibodies are important tools for various applications in hantavirus diagnostics. recently, we generated puumala virus (puuv)-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by immunisation of mice with chimeric polyomavirus-derived virus-like particles (vlps) harbouring the 120-amino-acid-long amino-terminal region of the puuv nucleocapsid (n) protein. here, we describe the generation of two mabs by co-immunisation of mice with hexahistidine-tagged full-length n proteins of sin nombre virus ( ...201021161552
[genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by rattus norvegicus collected from henan and neimenggu provinces, china.]objective: genetic analysis was performed to infer the relationship between hantaviruses carried by rattus norvegicus from henan and neimenggu provinces and the other known hantavirus and the vaccine strain. methods: total rna was extracted from lung tissues with trizol reagent. the complete m and s segment sequences of strains nm133 and q12 were amplified by rt-pcr. the purified dna fragments were directly subjected to sequencing, and then to sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis. results ...201021162871
[epidemiology and surveillance programs on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in mainland china, 2005 - 2008.]objective: to analyze the epidemiologic and surveillance data of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in china, from 2005 to 2008, to describe the epidemiology and trend of hfrs. methods: descriptive epidemiology were studied to analyze the surveillance data from 2005 to 2008, collected from both the internet-based national notifiable disease reporting system and 40 hfrs sentinel sites developed since 2005 in 40 counties around china. results: a total of 56 077 hfrs cases and 692 deaths ...201021163102
a temporal dilution effect: hantavirus infection in deer mice and the intermittent presence of voles in montana.the effect of intermittently occurring, non-reservoir host species on pathogen transmission and prevalence in a reservoir population is poorly understood. we investigated whether voles, microtus spp., which occur intermittently, influenced estimated standing antibody prevalence (esap) to sin nombre hantavirus (snv, bunyaviridae: hantavirus) among deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, whose populations are persistent. we used 14 years of data from central montana to investigate whether esap among de ...201021170746
interaction of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein with ribosomal protein s19.hantaviruses, members of the bunyaviridae family, are emerging category a pathogens that initiate the translation of their capped mrnas by a novel mechanism mediated by viral nucleocapsid protein (n). n specifically binds to the mrna 5' m7g cap and 40s ribosomal subunit, a complex of 18s rrna and multiple ribosomal proteins. here, we show that n specifically interacts with the ribosomal protein s19 (rps19), located at the head region of the 40s subunit. we suggest that this n-rps19 interaction f ...201020844026
antagonism of type i interferon responses by new world hantaviruses.evasion of interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral signaling is a common defense strategy for pathogenic rna viruses. to date, research on ifn antagonism by hantaviruses is limited and has focused on only a subset of the numerous recognized hantavirus species. the host ifn response has two phases, an initiation phase, resulting in the induction of alpha/beta ifn (ifn-α/β), and an amplification phase, whereby ifn-α/β signals through the jak/stat pathway, resulting in the establishment of the cellular ...201020844031
andes virus regulation of cellular micrornas contributes to hantavirus-induced endothelial cell permeability.hantaviruses infect human endothelial cells (ecs) and cause two diseases marked by vascular permeability defects, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). vascular permeability occurs in the absence of ec lysis, suggesting that hantaviruses alter normal ec fluid barrier functions. ecs infected by pathogenic hantaviruses are hyperresponsive to vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), and this alters the fluid barrier function of ec adherens junctions ...201020844033
extinction of refugia of hantavirus infection in a spatially heterogeneous environment.we predict an abrupt observable transition, on the basis of numerical studies, of hantavirus infection in terrain characterized by spatially dependent environmental resources. the underlying framework of the analysis is that of fisher equations with an internal degree of freedom, the state of infection. the unexpected prediction is of the sudden disappearance of refugia of infection in spite of the existence of supercritical (favorable) food resources, brought about by reduction of their spatial ...201020866661
acute undifferentiated febrile illness in adult hospitalized patients: the disease spectrum and diagnostic predictors - an experience from a tertiary care hospital in south india.local prevalences of individual diseases influence the prioritization of the differential diagnoses of a clinical syndrome of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (afi). this study was conducted in order to delineate the aetiology of afi that present to a tertiary hospital in southern india and to describe disease-specific clinical profiles. an 1-year prospective, observational study was conducted in adults (age >16 years) who presented with an undifferentiated febrile illness of duration 5-21 ...201020870680
smoking and other risk factors for hantavirus infections: the whole story. 201020875215
characterization of a natural focus of puumala hantavirus infection in the czech republic.hantaviruses are rna viruses of the bunyaviridae family, represented in the czech republic by three genospecies: dobrava-belgrade, puumala and tula. they persist in natural foci of infection. in 2004 to 2009, a local outbreak with 18 reported cases of nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus occurred in the sumava mountains and foothills and was spacially associated with another outbreak in lower bavaria, germany. in the jeleni locality in the sumava mountains at 880 m above sea level ...201020939264
[hantavirus]. 201020942073
small molecule inhibitors of hantavirus infection.hantaviruses use α(v)β(3) integrins on the surface of human host cells as a gateway to invasion, hence compounds that target this receptor may be used as antiviral agents. to accomplish this aim, new peptidomimetic compounds were selected based on similarity to a cyclic peptide known to bind the α(v)β(3) receptor. this first round of biological screening identified peptidomimetic molecules which were effective hantavirus inhibitors in the low micromolar range, two thousand times more potent than ...201020951038
the relative abundance of deer mice with antibody to sin nombre virus corresponds to the occurrence of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in nearby humans.abstract sin nombre virus (snv) is the principal cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the united states and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are its principal rodent host, and thus the natural cycle of the virus is related to the occurrence of hps. prevalence of rodent infection appears to be associated with fluctuations in deer mouse populations and, indirectly, with timing and amount of precipitation, a complex of biologic events. given that rodent population abundances fluctuate, ...201020954865
in vivo kinetics and biodistribution of a hantaan virus dna vaccine after intramuscular injection in mice.to study the kinetics in vivo of a hantaan virus dna vaccine, we constructed a fusion dna vaccine, pegfp/s, by cloning the s segment of hantavirus into the vector, pegfp-c1, which encodes green fluorescent protein egfp. in this report, we provide evidence that pegfp/s was distributed and persistently expressed for more than 60 days in several organs after inoculation. our findings suggest that the persistent immune responses induced by a hantaan virus dna vaccine are likely due to the plasmid pe ...201020960291
pathogenicity and virulence of the present hantaviruses in bosnia and herzegovina: the impact on renal function.dobrava (dobv) and puumala (puuv) viruses are endemic throughout the balkans and cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the aim of this study was to assess the impact of two different hantaviruses on renal function in hfrs patients during the acute stage of illness. we also aimed to assess the dobv and puuv distribution between symptomatic hfrs patients and asymptomatic hantavirus antibody-positive subjects. the study included 264 symptomatic hfrs patients and 63 asymptomatic hanta ...201020972691
pathogenic landscapes: interactions between land, people, disease vectors, and their animal hosts.landscape attributes influence spatial variations in disease risk or incidence. we present a review of the key findings from eight case studies that we conducted in europe and west africa on the impact of land changes on emerging or re-emerging vector-borne diseases and/or zoonoses. the case studies concern west nile virus transmission in senegal, tick-borne encephalitis incidence in latvia, sandfly abundance in the french pyrenees, rift valley fever in the ferlo (senegal), west nile fever and t ...201020979609
hantavirus infection: a neglected diagnosis in thrombocytopenia and fever?thrombocytopenia, fever, and acute renal failure are characteristic features of nephropathia epidemica, the predominant hantavirus infection in europe. however, clinical presentation and blood cell counts may point to other disorders, such as a hematologic disease, particularly when impairment of renal function is not evident. this differential diagnosis often results in further extensive and unnecessary testing. we describe 3 patients with hantavirus infection with no renal failure, in whom a h ...201021037045
syndromic surveillance: etiologic study of acute febrile illness in dengue suspicious cases with negative serology. brazil, federal district, 2008.with the aim of identifying the etiology of acute febrile illness in patients suspected of having dengue, yet with non reagent serum, a descriptive study was conducted with 144 people using secondary serum samples collected during convalescence. the study was conducted between january and may of 2008. all the exams were re-tested for dengue, which was confirmed in 11.8% (n = 17); the samples that remained negative for dengue (n = 127) were tested for rubella, with 3.9% (n = 5) positive results. ...201021049226
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during pregnancy: case report].hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfwrs) is an acute infectious disease with abrupt onset, high fever, renal failure and frequent hemorragies. hfwrs during the pregnancy has relatively low occurrence, with only few described cases mostly in the region of the former soviet union. although, according to the data from the literature, the disease is less severe during the pregnancy, the eclampsy, stillbirth and fetal infection were also described.201021053473
[construction and immunogenic study of recombinant adenovirus containing chimeric gene g2s0.7 and ctl epitopes of hantaan virus].to express g2 fragment of m segment and 0.7 kb fragment of s segment and several ctl epitopes of s segment in adenovirus expression system and investigate the immunological properties of hantaan virus chimeric gene.201021055343
[hantavirus infection: two case reports from a province in the eastern blacksea region, turkey.]hantaviruses which are the members of bunyaviridae, differ from other members of this family since they are transmitted to humans by rodents. more than 200.000 cases of hantavirus infections are reported annually worldwide. hantaviruses can lead to two different types of infection in humans, namely, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). hfrs is the most common type of hantavirus infection in europe and asia and the most common virus types are dobra ...201021063999
structural studies of hantaan virus.hantaan virus is the prototypic member of the hantavirus genus within the family bunyaviridae and is a causative agent of the potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the bunyaviridae are a family of negative-sense rna viruses with three-part segmented genomes. virions are enveloped and decorated with spikes derived from a pair of glycoproteins (gn and gc). here, we present cryo-electron tomography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy studies of hantaan virus virions. we ...201021068243
dobrava-belgrade hantavirus infection mimics acute appendicitis.dobrava-belgrade hantavirus infection mimicked acute appendicitis in a patient suffering from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in hungary. the 27-year-old man was admitted to the local hospital with severe abdominal pain localized mainly at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and with fever, nausea, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. based on these findings supported by computerized tomography acute perforated appendicitis was suspected and an explorative laparatomy was performed, which did ...201021075678
tracking hantavirus nucleocapsid protein using intracellular antibodies.hantavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein is a multifunctional viral macromolecule involved in multiple stages of the viral replication cycle. the intracellular trafficking of n protein during virus assembly remains unclear.201021092325
seroprevalence of hantavirus antibodies among chronic hemodialysis patients in the czech republic.a total of 348 serum samples were collected from 301 hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure of four healthcare settings in western bohemia. the sera were screened for the presence of hantavirus antibodies using elisa kits (progen biotechnik gmbh) with hantaan and puumala antigens. specific anti-puumala antibodies were detected in five patients (1.7%). although hantaviruses are known to cause primarily acute renal damage (interstitial nephritis) in eurasia, chronic effects of hantavirus ...201021105569
characterization of two substrains of puumala virus that show phenotypes that are different from each other and from the original strain.hantaviruses, the causative agents of two emerging diseases, are negative-stranded rna viruses with a tripartite genome. we isolated two substrains from a parental strain of puumala hantavirus (puuv-pa), puuv-small (puuv-sm) and puuv-large (puuv-la), named after their focus size when titrated. the two isolates were sequenced; this revealed differences at two positions in the nucleocapsid protein and two positions in the rna-dependent rna polymerase, but the glycoproteins were identical. we also ...201021106742
small mammal-associated zoonoses. 201020795915
hantaviruses and their hosts in europe: reservoirs here and there, but not everywhere?five hantaviruses are known to circulate among rodents in europe, and at least two among insectivores. four (dobrava, saaremaa, seoul, and puumala [puuv] viruses) are clearly associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). puuv, the most common etiological agent of hfrs in europe, is carried by the bank vole (myodes glareolus), one of the most widespread and abundant mammal species in europe. this host-virus system is among hantaviruses also the most studied one in europe. however, ...201020795916
diagnosis of hantavirus infection in humans and rodents in ribeirão preto, state of são paulo, brazil.hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome (hpcs) is an emerging serious disease in the americas. hantaviruses (bunyaviridae) are the causative agents of this syndrome and are mainly transmitted through inhalation of aerosols containing the excreta of wild rodents. in the ribeirão preto region (state of são paulo, brazil), hpcs has been reported since 1998, caused by the araraquara virus (arav), for which necromys lasiurus is the rodent reservoir. this study aimed to show diagnostic result ...201020802928
andes virus disrupts the endothelial cell barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulation of ve-cadherin.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are severe diseases associated with hantavirus infection. high levels of virus replication occur in microvascular endothelial cells but without a virus-induced cytopathic effect. however, virus infection results in microvascular leakage, which is the hallmark of these diseases. ve-cadherin is a major component of adherens junctions, and its interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor, ...201020810734
genetic reassortment between high-virulent and low-virulent dobrava-belgrade virus strains.the tri-segmented rna genome of hantaviruses facilitates genetic reassortment by segment swapping when cells are co-infected with different virus strains. we found efficient in vitro reassortment between members of two different genetic lineages of the dobrava-belgrade virus species, the weakly virulent dobv-aa and highly virulent dobv-af. in all reassortants, s and l segments originated from the same parental strain, and only the m segment was exchanged. to identify functional differences betwe ...201020734125
travellers and viral haemorrhagic fevers: what are the risks?viral haemorrhagic fevers (vhf) are caused by zoonotic viral infections transmitted to humans directly or by ticks or mosquitoes. the overall risk to travellers is conservatively estimated at <1 in 1 million travel episodes to african countries where infection is present, and febrile patients returning from these countries are at least 1000 times more likely to have malaria than lassa fever or another vhf. no cases have been reported in fellow travellers exposed to a travelling case and only one ...201020705436
geographical range of rio mamoré virus (family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) in association with the small-eared pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys microtis).hantavirus htn.007 was originally isolated from a small-eared pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys microtis) captured in northeastern peru. the results of analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data in this study indicated that htn.007 is a strain of rio mamoré virus (riomv) which is enzootic in small-eared pygmy rice rat populations in bolivia. as such, the results of this study extend our knowledge of the geographical range of riomv and support the notion that the small-eared pygmy rice rat is ...201020687859
natural history of sin nombre virus infection in deer mice in urban parks in oregon.sin nombre virus (snv), one of at least 45 hantaviruses described worldwide, is hosted by the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, a common species throughout most of north america. herein, we describe general life-history characteristics of deer mice and the ways in which these factors relate to the incidence of snv infections among populations of this host species in and around portland, oregon. in total, 3,175 deer mice were captured from october 2002 to september 2005. transmission of snv app ...201020688636
tnf-α expression and promoter sequences reflect the balance of tolerance/resistance to puumala hantavirus infection in european bank vole populations.the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) influences the ability to limit parasite infection but its over-production might result in inflammatory disorders. the level of tnf-α gene expression could thus mediate a balance of tolerance/resistance to infections. this study focused on puumala hantavirus (puuv) infection in its rodent host, the bank vole (myodes glareolus). in humans, puuv is responsible of a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, nephropathia epidemica (ne). the severity ...201020691810
long-term patterns of immune investment by wild deer mice infected with sin nombre virus.immunocompetence of animals fluctuates seasonally, however, there is little consensus on the cause of these fluctuations. some studies have suggested that these patterns are influenced by changes in reproductive condition, whereas others have suggested that differences result from seasonal variations in energy expenditures. the objective of our study was to examine these contrasting views of immunity by evaluating seasonal patterns of immune response and reproduction in wild populations of deer ...201020695811
sin nombre virus infection in field workers, colorado, usa.we report 2 cases of sin nombre virus (snv) infection in field workers, possibly contracted through rodent bites. screening for antibodies to snv in rodents trapped in 2 seasons showed that 9.77% were seropositive. quantitative real-time pcr showed that 2 of 79 deer mice had detectable titers of snv rna.201020113567
different cross-reactivity of human and rodent sera to tula virus and puumala virus.tula virus (tulv) and puumala virus (puuv) are hantaviruses carried by the bank vole (myodes glareolus) and european common vole (microtus arvalis), respectively. puuv is a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), while tulv is thought to be apathogenic to humans. the n-terminal regions of the n proteins from tulv and puuv were expressed and applied as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antigens. colonized japanese grass voles (microtus montebelli) and balb/c mice ...201020116854
electron cryotomography of tula hantavirus suggests a unique assembly paradigm for enveloped viruses.hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) are rodent-borne emerging viruses that cause a serious, worldwide threat to human health. hantavirus diseases include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. virions are enveloped and contain a tripartite single-stranded negative-sense rna genome. two types of glycoproteins, g(n) and g(c), are embedded in the viral membrane and form protrusions, or "spikes." the membrane encloses a ribonucleoprotein core, which consists of ...201020219926
characterization and outcome following puumala virus infection: a retrospective analysis of 75 cases.infection with the puumala virus (puuv), which belongs to the hantavirus family, is a common but often neglected cause of acute kidney injury (aki) in endemic areas of europe. the objective of the present study was to systematically analyse clinical presentation and renal outcomes following puuv infection.201020223893
models for the spread and persistence of hantavirus infection in rodents with direct and indirect transmission.hantavirus, a zoonotic disease carried by wild rodents, is spread among rodents via direct contact and indirectly via infected rodent excreta in the soil. spillover to humans is primarily via the indirect route through inhalation of aerosolized viral particles. rodent-hantavirus models that include direct and indirect transmission and periodically varying demographic and epidemiological parameters are studied in this investigation. two models are analyzed, a nonautonomous system of differential ...201020104956
puumala hantavirus and myodes glareolus in northern europe: no evidence of co-divergence between genetic lineages of virus and host.the genus hantavirus (family bunyaviridae) includes negative-strand rna viruses that are carried by persistently infected rodent and insectivore species. puumala virus (puuv), carried by bank voles (myodes glareolus), is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes outbreaks of mild haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome across europe. in northern europe, puuv is represented by several genetic lineages that are maintained by distinct phylogroups of bank voles. the present study describes sequences of new ...201020107019
one-step rna pathogen detection with reverse transcriptase activity of a mutated thermostable thermus aquaticus dna polymerase.we describe the cloning and characterization of a mutated thermostable dna polymerase from thermus aquaticus (taq) that exhibits an increased reverse transcriptase activity and is therefore designated for one-step pcr pathogen detection using established real-time detection methods. we demonstrate that this taq polymerase mutant (taq m1) has similar pcr sensitivity and nuclease activity as the respective taq wild-type dna polymerase. in addition, and in marked contrast to the wild-type, taq m1 e ...201020108275
serological evidence of human hantavirus infections in guinea, west africa.we recently discovered a novel hantavirus, sangassou virus, in guinea, west africa. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays followed by confirmatory and serotyping assays, we retrospectively detected hantavirus antibodies in 3 (4.4%) of 68 patients with fever of unknown origin in sangassou village, forest guinea. a population-based survey in forest guinea (n = 649) found the prevalence of hantavirus antibodies to be 1.2%. specific neutralizing antibodies against sangassou virus were demonstrate ...201020187741
early diagnosis of hantavirus infection by family doctors can reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and hospitalization.hantavirus infections are emerging infections that cause either hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). a recent swedish outbreak of nephropathia epidemica, a european hfrs, was analysed to study the patient flow and clinical picture and to investigate the value of an early diagnosis in general practice. design. in a retrospective design, medical records of verified cases of hantavirus infection were studied.201020642397
satellite derived forest phenology and its relation with nephropathia epidemica in belgium.the connection between nephropathia epidemica (ne) and vegetation dynamics has been emphasized in recent studies. changing climate has been suggested as a triggering factor of recently observed epidemiologic peaks in reported ne cases. we have investigated whether there is a connection between the ne occurrence pattern in belgium and specific trends in remotely sensed phenology parameters of broad-leaved forests. the analysis of time series of the modis enhanced vegetation index revealed that ch ...201020644685
temporal and spatial host abundance and prevalence of andes hantavirus in southern argentina.andes virus (and) is a hantavirus hosted by the sigmodontine rodent oligoryzomys longicaudatus in southern argentina, where it is responsible for most cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). our study provides data about the spatial variation in abundance of the rodent host of and hantavirus. we report results of a longitudinal study performed in a locality of the andean region of chubut province. from november 2003 (spring) to july 2006 (winter), o. longicaudatus was the most common speci ...201020645121
confirmation of choclo virus as the cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and high serum antibody prevalence in panama.choclo virus (chov) was described in sigmodontine rodents, oligoryzomys fulvescens, and humans during an outbreak of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in 1999-2000 in western panama. although hcps is rare, hantavirus-specific serum antibody prevalence among the general population is high suggesting that chov may cause many mild or asymptomatic infections. the goals of this study were to confirm the role of chov in hcps and in the frequently detected serum antibody and to establish the p ...201020648614
the 3' untranslated region of the andes hantavirus small mrna functionally replaces the poly(a) tail and stimulates cap-dependent translation initiation from the viral mrna.in the process of translation of eukaryotic mrnas, the 5' cap and the 3' poly(a) tail interact synergistically to stimulate protein synthesis. unlike its cellular counterparts, the small mrna (smrna) of andes hantavirus (andv), a member of the bunyaviridae, lacks a 3' poly(a) tail. here we report that the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of the andv smrna functionally replaces a poly(a) tail and synergistically stimulates cap-dependent translation initiation from the viral mrna. stimulation of tra ...201020660206
switch to high-level virus replication and hla class i upregulation in differentiating megakaryocytic cells after infection with pathogenic hantavirus.hantaan virus (htnv), the prototype member of the hantavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. hemorrhage is due to endothelial barrier damage and a sharp decrease in platelet counts. the mechanisms underlying htnv-associated acute thrombocytopenia have not been elucidated so far. platelets are produced by mature megakaryocytes that develop during megakaryopoiesis. in this study, we show that htnv targets megakaryocytic cells whereas ...201020673746
occupation-related respiratory infections revisited.occupational pulmonary infectious diseases include tuberculosis (tb) and many viral pathogens, including influenza, coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome or sars), varicella, respiratory syncytial virus, and hantavirus. this review focuses on tb, influenza, and sars, because the published literature is extensive for these 3 infections. the lessons from these 3 are relevant for all nosocomial pulmonary infectious diseases.201020674797
hantavirus infections in humans and animals, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health problem in the people's republic of china. although 7 sero/genotypes of hantaviruses have been found in rodents, only hantaan virus (carried by apodemus agrarius mice) and seoul virus (carried by rattus norvegicus rats) reportedly cause disease in humans. during 1950-2007, a total of 1,557,622 cases of hfrs in humans and 46,427 deaths (3%) were reported in china. hfrs has been reported in 29 of 31 provinces in china. after i ...201020678311
identification of a region of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein required for rna chaperone activity.sin nombre hantavirus (snv) is a new world hantavirus and causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. the viral nucleocapsid protein (n) is an rna chaperone and has multiple functions important in virus replication. the three negative sense rna segments of hantaviruses form panhandle structures through imperfect hydrogen bonding of the 5' and 3' termini, and the chaperone activity of n can mediate correct panhandle formation. n also functions during transcription and translation initiation and t ...201021378500
[molecular evolution analysis of hantaviruses in zhejiang province].in order to analyze the molecular epidemiology of hantavirus (hv) in zhejiang province, the complete m and s genome sequences of 12 hv strains from different hosts and locations in zhejiang province of china during the period of 1981-2007 were analyzed on genetic evolution by dnastar and mega 4.0 software in this research. phylogenetic analyses revealed that htn and seo strains were co-circulating in zhejiang province, and the difference in sequence similarity and the phylogeny was closely relat ...201021344751
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome coexistent with dengue.dengue is an arthropod-borne disease caused by viruses of flaviviridae family. it poses a major public health burden in tropical and sub-tropical regions. clinical features of dengue vary from a mild flu-like disease and rash, to a potentially lethal haemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rodent-born disease emerging in the american continent and is caused by viruses of the bunyaviridae family. potential reservoirs of these agents were described in brazilian cen ...201021302604
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the atlantic argentinean patagonia region.the hantavirus causes a hemorrhagic disease and in 1993 was responsible for an outbreak of a pulmonary syndrome in the south of the united states of america. the disease is endemic in the north of argentina where the oran strain is prevalent. a fatal case of the hanta pulmonary syndrome (hps) occurring in a migrant agricultural worker is reported.201021413585
hantaviruses in the americas and their role as emerging pathogens.the continued emergence and re-emergence of pathogens represent an ongoing, sometimes major, threat to populations. hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) and their associated human diseases were considered to be confined to eurasia, but the occurrence of an outbreak in 1993-94 in the southwestern united states led to a great increase in their study among virologists worldwide. well over 40 hantaviral genotypes have been described, the large majority since 1993, and nearly half of them pathogenic fo ...201021994631
cyclic hantavirus epidemics in humans--predicted by rodent host dynamics.wildlife-originated zoonotic diseases are a major contributor to emerging infectious diseases. hantaviruses cause thousands of human disease cases annually worldwide, and understanding and predicting human hantavirus epidemics still poses unsolved challenges. here we studied the three-level relationships between the human disease nephropathia epidemica (ne), its etiological agent puumala hantavirus (puuv) and the rodent host of the virus, the bank vole (myodes glareolus). a large and long-term d ...200921352757
transient hypopituitarism in a patient with nephropathia epidemica.involvement of the pituitary gland is only rarely observed in hantavirus infection. this report describes the case of a patient who had transient hypopituitarism requiring hormonal replacement therapy due to hypophysitis as a result of puumala virus infection. mri studies revealed oedematous swelling of the gland as a morphological correlate. this report provides new evidence that hypopituitarism can be a serious complication in puumala virus infection and highlights the clinical implications of ...200921691389
[comparison on the difference of virulence between hantaan virus and seoul virus isolated both from rattus norvegicus].comparing the difference of virulence between the strain cgrn5310 (htnv) and the strain hr54 (seov) isolated both from rattus norvegicus.200920193387
[complete sequence of the m segment of amur virus in rodent from china].to study the complete sequence of m segment of amur virus in rodents and to explore their molecular characteristics.200920193388
[association of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hla-drb allele polymorphisms in han nationality, hubei province.].to understand the association of human leukocyte antigen (hla)-drb polymorphism and patients diagnosed as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs).200920193583
[rare case of crimean haemorrhagic fever in a pregnant woman].a rare case of crimean haemorrhagic fever in a pregnant woman during the sixth month of gestation is described. the typical clinical course of the disease is present with positive anamnesis and visible locus from tick bite. after several days, fever and local lymphadenitis appear, followed by severe toxicoinfectious and haemorrhagic syndromes. the disease is proved virologically and serologically. the outcome is favourable for the pregnant woman. she is discharged home after 16-day hospital trea ...200920198776
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