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prevalence and geographic genetic variation of hantaviruses of new world harvest mice (reithrodontomys): identification of a divergent genotype from a costa rican reithrodontomys mexicanus.we recently described a novel hantavirus (hmv-1) of the western harvest mouse reithrodontomys megalotis. screening of 181 additional specimens of reithrodontomys from the united states and mexico, including samples of r. mexicanus, r. sumichrasti, and r. gracilis of costa rica, for antibodies to hantavirus nucleocapsid protein revealed a widespread enzootic of hantavirus infection. genetic analyses of 7 s genomes of reithrodontomys-associated hantaviruses demonstrated that the enzootic of hmv-1 ...19957886948
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease.a recent outbreak of a severe pulmonary disease in the southwestern united states was etiologically linked to a previously unrecognized hantavirus. the virus has been isolated from its major reservoir, the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, and recently named sin nombre virus. clinically, the disease has become known as the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). since may 1993, 44 fatal cases of hps have been identified through clinicopathological review and immunohistochemical (ihc) testing of t ...19957887439
[clinical aspects and diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica]. 19959244697
diseases of the pleura.in this review, three aspects of pleural disease are discussed. although it was thought for many years that the origin of pleural fluid was the capillaries in the parietal or visceral pleura, recent evidence suggests that in many cases the origin of pleural fluid is the interstitial space of the lung. the interstitial space of the lung appears to be the source of the pleural fluid in patients who have congestive heart failure, parapneumonic effusions, pulmonary embolism, and lung transplants. th ...19959363070
serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an acute viral disease caused by hantavirus. on the basis of clinical observation, the illness is divided into five sequential stages: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. because interleukin-1 (il-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), and interleukin-6 (il-6) are mediators responsible for fever, septic shock, and acute phase protein induction, we examined, using elisa, the presence of these three cytokines in 276 sera collec ...19958825292
genomic characterization of m and s rna segments of hantaviruses isolated from bats.genomic analysis of three hantaan-like virus isolates from bats was performed. cleavage patterns of reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products and nucleotide sequences of g2 region of m rna segment and n protein region of s rna segment of the isolates were compared to that of hantaan 76-118 strain. genomic characteristics of the bat isolates were identical to that of hantaan virus.19958825306
mild hantaviral disease caused by sin nombre virus in a four-year-old child. 19958786902
genetic variation in tula hantaviruses: sequence analysis of the s and m segments of strains from central europe.hantavirus carried by the european common vole microtus arvalis from moravia (czech republic) was analyzed by rt-pcr-sequencing and by reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). sequencing of the full-length s segment and the proximal part of the m segment showed that the virus belonged to genotype tula (tul) we discovered earlier in microtus arvalis from central russia. this finding supported the concept of host dependence of hantaviruses. phylogenetic analyses suggested a similar ...19958837887
nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the m and s genome segments of a swedish puumala virus isolate.the swedish puumala (puu) virus strain vindeln 83-l20, isolated from a bank vole trapped in 1983 near vindeln, västerbotten county, sweden, was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. the coding region of the m segment was determined by pcr followed by direct sequencing and the entire s segment was characterized by cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. the genomic organization was found to be very similar to that of other puu virus strains regarding open reading frames, polypeptide si ...19958837894
kinin receptor antagonists: unique probes in basic and clinical research.the availability of potent and stable bradykinin antagonists has had a tremendous impact on kinin research. this article reviews the current status of research on kinin antagonists, describes their chemical properties, and delineates recent advances that have occurred with the advent of the second generation of kinin antagonists. the data collected with these antagonists support the assumption that kinins are implicated in inflammation and tissue injury as endogenous agents. their importance, ho ...19958846412
isla vista virus: a genetically novel hantavirus of the california vole microtus californicus.prospect hill virus (ph) was isolated from a meadow vole (microtus pennsylvanicus) in 1982, and much of its genome has been sequenced. hantaviruses of other new world microtine rodents have not been genetically characterized. we show that another microtus species (the california vole m. californicus) from the united states is host to a genetically distinct ph-like hantavirus, isla vista virus (ilv). the nucleocapsid protein of ilv differs from that of ph by 11.1% and a portion of the g2 glycopro ...19958847529
[respiratory symptoms in hantavirus infection]. 19959221231
intraocular pressure changes in nephropathia epidemica. a prospective study of 37 patients with acute systemic puumala virus infection.nephropathia epidemica is a zoonose in the group of hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome and is caused by puumala virus in hantavirus genus. the purpose of this study is to find out how the intraocular pressure (iop) is affected by the acute phase of this disease and how it relates to the previous case reports on angleclosure glaucoma attacks.19959098282
hantavirus nephropathy. 19957474679
[acute, post-transfusion lung injury (trali) and related states]. 19957479263
coexistence of several novel hantaviruses in rodents indigenous to north america.three genetically distinct members of the hantavirus genus have been detected in nevada rodents by rt-pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis. these include sin nombre (sn), el moro canyon (elmc), and prospect hill (ph)-like viruses which are primarily associated with peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), reithrodontomys megalotis (western harvest mouse), and microtus spp. (voles), respectively. although this region of the united states is ecologically diverse, rodents infected with different hantav ...19957483255
rats and hantavirus disease. 19957489373
comparison of the clinical and serologic diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and leptospirosis. 19957489781
complete genetic characterization and analysis of isolation of sin nombre virus.this study reports completion of the genetic characterization of the entire genome of sin nombre (sn) virus (nmh10) detected in autopsy tissues from a patient who died of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the large (l) genome segment was found to be 6,562 nucleotides in length and encoded a putative l polymerase that was 2,153 amino acids in length. no evidence of segment reassortment with other well-characterized hantaviruses was obtained. the sequence of the entire s, m, and l genome segmen ...19957494336
molecular linkage of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome to the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus: genetic characterization of the m genome of new york virus.the complete m segment sequences of hantaviruses amplified from tissues of a patient with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the northeastern united states and from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, from new york were 99% identical and differed from those of four corners virus by 23%. the serum of this patient failed to recognize a conserved, immunodominant epitope of the four corners virus g1 glycoprotein. collectively, these findings indicate that p. leucopus harbors a genetically and anti ...19957494337
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in canada: update. 19957497393
antigenic relationships of hantavirus strains analysed by monoclonal antibodies.the antigenic relationships among 71 hantavirus strains, isolated from rodent species or humans in several geographic regions, were examined by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using human patient sera and a panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies prepared against hantaan, seoul, and puumala viruses. the study included virus strains, mainly from the former ussr, for which little or no serological data were available. fifty-nine of the 71 isolates could be placed into five antigenic groups of hantaviruse ...19957503677
coding strategy of the s and m genomic segments of a hantavirus representing a new subtype of the puumala serotype.the hantavirus strain vranica was previously reported to have been isolated from a bank vole in bosnia-hercegovina and associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hrfs) in humans. the complete cdna nucleotide sequences of the small (s) and medium (m) genomic rna segments of this virus were determined. major open reading frames were found in the s and m segment between nucleotide positions 43 and 1341 coding for a polypeptide of 433 amino acid residues and between nuc ...19957503698
mapping of b-cell determinants in the nucleocapsid protein of puumala virus: definition of epitopes specific for acute immunoglobulin g recognition in humans.the complete amino acid sequence of the puumala (puu) virus nucleocapsid protein (n), deduced from the genome of the prototype strain sotkamo, was synthesized as decapeptides with 5-amino-acid overlaps. by use of the pepscan method, 86 peptides were examined for reactivity with sera from serologically confirmed nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients and 11 puu virus n-specific bank vole monoclonal antibodies. the human sera showed reactivity with several different regions, while only one of the mo ...19957536616
nucleotide sequence analysis of the m genomic segment of el moro canyon hantavirus: antigenic distinction from four corners hantavirus.el moro canyon hantavirus (elmc, previously known as hmv-1) is associated with the western harvest mouse reithrodontomys megalotis. the interpretation that elmc is a novel hantavirus was based upon comparisons of the nucleotide sequence of the s genomic segment with those of other hantaviruses. we now show that the elmc m genome, like the s genome, is genetically similar to but distinct from that of four corners hantavirus (fc). the elmc m genome is 3801 nt in length and encodes a glycoprotein p ...19957544047
laboratory-associated infections and biosafety.an estimated 500,000 laboratory workers in the united states are at risk of exposure to infectious agents that cause disease ranging from inapparent to life-threatening infections, but the precise risk to a given worker unknown. the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus and hantavirus, the continuing problem of hepatitis b virus, and the reemergence of mycobacterium tuberculosis have renewed interest in biosafety for the employees of laboratories and health care facilities. this review exami ...19957553572
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome associated with entering or cleaning rarely used, rodent-infested structures. 19957561206
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantavirus]. 19957603098
short report: isolation and partial characterization of a puumala virus from a human case of nephropathia epidemica in france.puumala (puu) virus (bunyaviridae: hantavirus), the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), the mid form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, is enzootic in europe and has been known to occur in france since 1983. we report the first isolation of puu virus in france and western europe from a case of ne acquired in france. the virus was isolated from a serum collected in the acute phase of the clinical course by successive blind passages in vero e6 cells. serologic typing using monoc ...19957611568
genetic and serologic analysis of black creek canal virus and its association with human disease and sigmodon hispidus infection.black creek canal (bcc) virus is a newly identified virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southeastern united states. nucleotide sequences were determined for the complete s and m and partial l genomic segments of a bcc virus isolate. phylogenetic analysis indicates that each of the virus segments is unique, and there is no evidence of genetic reassortment having occurred between this and other previously characterized hantaviruses. all hantavirus-seropositive, wild-ca ...19957618284
phylogenetically distinct hantavirus implicated in a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the northeastern united states.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is an acute respiratory illness with high mortality. it is caused by a newly described new world hantavirus known as four corners virus (fcv). nearly all cases of hps have occurred in the western united states. the etiologic agents in those cases have been closely related to each other, based upon comparisons of their genetic sequences. we have molecularly cloned the s genomic segment of a hantavirus (rl-1) implicated in a case on hps in the northeastern unite ...19957623002
isolation of black creek canal virus, a new hantavirus from sigmodon hispidus in florida.numerous rodents were trapped for serologic and virologic studies following the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) case in dade county, florida. cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) were the most frequently capture rodent and displayed the highest seroprevalence to a variety of hantavirus antigens. hantavirus genome rna was detected in all the seropositive cotton rats tested, using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. a virus was isolated from tissues ...19957623004
social impact of respiratory infections. 19957634928
protection against hantavirus infection by dam's immunity transferred vertically to neonates.antibodies to hantavirus, seoul type b-1 strain, vertically transferred to rat neonates prevented lethal as well as persistent infection. when relatively high titer viruses were inoculated into neonates, the mother's antibodies protected all the neonates from lethal virus infection. however, the antibodies could not protect all of the neonates from persistent infection but only half of them underwent persistent infection. the other half was completely cured but also became persistently infected ...19957646341
seroprevalence of hantavirus antibodies in germany as determined by a new recombinant enzyme immunoassay.in order to elucidate the epidemiological importance of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in germany, the prevalence of antibodies against hantaviruses was determined in 13,358 sera from residents of various geographic regions, 1,284 sera from occupational risk groups and 287 sera from chronic hemodialysis patients. serological investigations were performed using a highly specific transferable solid phase enzyme immunoassay based on the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of a hantaan and a pu ...19957649193
evaluation of the magnitude of the 1993 hantavirus outbreak in the southwestern united states.in may 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states was caused by the previously unrecognized sin nombre virus (snv). most hps patients had an influenza-like prodrome, followed by rapid onset of pulmonary edema (fatality rate, 52%). to define the magnitude of the outbreak, patients with milder illnesses who sought medical care in the outbreak area during the outbreak period were assessed for infection with snv. of 299 study subjects, 43 had illnesses ...19957658065
identification and classification of viruses that have not been propagated.microorganisms that cannot be grown in the laboratory can now be tentatively identified, by cloning and sequencing particular nucleic acid segments and then carrying out a comparative sequence analysis with an appropriate database. for bacteria, a few universally distributed genes and gene products have enabled comparative sequence analysis to be used for tentative identification and classification of uncultured bacteria. for viruses, there is no universally distributed viral gene or gene produc ...19957661703
pediatric infectious disease emergencies.infectious diseases are the cause of the majority of pediatric emergency visits, although only a minority constitute true emergencies. progress in identifying the true emergencies continues.19957663618
hantavirus infection among rattus norvegicus in japan.seroepizootiological study of hantavirus infection among 393 urban rats (rattus norvegicus) captured in six regions in japan during the period from 1990 to 1994 was carried out by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test and western blot (wb). fifteen out of 393 (3.8%) rat sera were antibody-positive by ifa, i.e., tokyo port (12.8%, 6/47), shimizu port (5.7%, 2/35), otaru port (1.5%, 1/65) and nagoya city (3.6%, 6/167). in two other regions, i.e., kasai seaside park and haneda airport, rat s ...19957666596
temporal dynamics of puumala virus antibody prevalence in voles and of nephropathia epidemica incidence in humans.puumala (puu) virus is the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans. this disease is highly endemic in vasterbotten county, sweden, with an annual incidence of 19.2 (range 3.7-37.4) per 100,000 inhabitants. voles are considered to be both the main reservoir and the vector of puu virus. a total of 3,591 rodents (mainly clethrionomys glareolus, c. rufocanus, and microtus agrestis) trapped in vasterbotten between 1979 and 1987 were tested for the presence of puu virus antibodies by ...19957677213
a serotypic study of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in rural china.apodemus agrarius was trapped in the fields and rattus norvegicus was trapped within the houses in the villages of jiande county, a region in the zhejiang province of china endemic for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). antibodies to hantaviruses were detected in three (16.7%) of 18 a. agrarius and 12 (13.5%) of 89 r. norvegicus, whereas hantavirus antigens were detected in the lung tissues of four (22.2%) of 18 and nine (10.1%) of 89 of these rodents, respectively. three hantaviruses ...19957694967
a case-control study of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome during an outbreak in the southwestern united states.in may 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) occurred in the southwestern united states. a case-control study determined risk factors for hps. seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households (household controls), members of neighboring households (near controls), and members of randomly selected households > or = 24 km away (far controls). investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near (p = .03) or f ...19957706812
[should we look for hantavirus infection in spanish patients?]. 19957711122
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the four corners disease.to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of hantavirus infections, focusing on the recent outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the us.19957711347
detection and subsequent sequencing of puumala virus from human specimens by pcr.a sensitive method based on pcr was developed for the detection of puumala virus (puu) in human samples. the assay was found to be specific for puu-like strains and distinguished between these and hantaviruses of other serotypes. the detection limit was found to be 10(-5) focus-forming units. clinical samples were collected from patients with nephropathia epidemica in sweden and western russia. five whole blood samples collected from patients in russia with the acute phase of disease were found ...19957714178
[acute respiratory disease caused by hantavirus four corners]. 19957724872
epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus (htv) infections.hantavirus (htv) is recently discovered "hemorrhagic fever virus" belonging to the bunyaviridae family, which is spread throughout the world by wild rodents and/or laboratory rats. during an epidemic in the belgian-french ardennes in 1993, more than 200 acute cases were recorded of the milder european form of htv-illness, otherwise known as nephropathia epidemica (ne). this variant may be recognized by the sudden onset of fever, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and sometimes by ophthalmolog ...19957725842
detection and sequence confirmation of sin nombre virus rna in paraffin-embedded human tissues using one-step rt-pcr.sin nombre virus (snv) is the causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). snv rna can be detected in fresh or frozen autopsy tissue samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and virus antigens can be identified by immunohistochemistry. a method was developed for demonstration of snv rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by rt-pcr. virus genomes were detected in 8 of 12 (66.7%) fixed human tissue samples that were positive by immunohistochemistry, ...19957738155
guillain-barré syndrome associated with hantavirus infection. 19957742467
hantavirus. 19957759339
[detection of hemagglutinins in hantavirus serotypes and some of their properties].hemagglutinating properties of various serological types of hantavirus isolated in the primorye area from humans with hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome and rodents, natural carriers of the virus, were studied. the strains were found to differ by capacity to accumulate hemagglutinin at multiplication in vero e-6 cells. a method for elevating hemagglutinin titers by combined treatment of cultural virus-containing fluid with polyethyleneglycol-6000 and tween-80-ether or acetone-ultrasound i ...19957762229
zoonotic hantaviruses; new concerns for the united states.hantaviruses have emerged as agents of significant morbidity and mortality in human beings. these pathogens are maintained in nature as not clinically apparent, persistent infections in roden reservoirs, varying with each virus, and are shed via rodent feces, urine, and salivary excretions. human exposure to hantaviruses principally occurs through the respiratory tract route and is focal and discontinuous, paralleling the distribution of virus in reservoir species and the likelihood of human-rod ...19957768721
sensitive detection of hantaviruses by biotin-streptavidin enhanced immunoassays based on bank vole monoclonal antibodies.antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) based on detection of the viral nucleocapsid protein (n) were designed for rapid diagnosis of hantavirus infections. several combinations of bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) monoclonal antibodies with various n-epitope specificities were used for the development of two double-antibody sandwich forms of elisa; puu virus ag-elisa for an exclusive detection of puumala-related viruses, and hantavirus ag-elisa for a more extensive detecti ...19957769041
a household-based, case-control study of environmental factors associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern united states.during an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states, trained environmental assessment teams conducted surveys at 17 case-patient homes and matched controls from june through august 1993. variables related to rodent abundance were quantified and standardized rodent trapping was conducted around and within households. the majority of households were located in pinon-juniper vegetation zones, and there were no significant differences in the type of house in w ...19957771603
comparison of the kinetics of puumala virus specific igm and igg antibody responses in nephropathia epidemica as measured by a recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunofluorescence test.immunoglobulin m and g (igm and igg) responses were followed up to 6 months in patients with nephropathia epidemica (ne) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a recombinant puumala virus (puu) nucleocapsid protein as antigen and an immunofluorescence test (if) using puu infected, acetone-treated cells as antigen. the recombinant protein was produced by cloning and expressing the nucleocapsid encoding gene of puu as a polyhistidine fusion protein in escherichia coli. the product w ...19957775932
characterization of the mode of hantaan virus infection in adult mice using a nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: transient virus replication in adult mice.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of hantavirus genome was established and applied to analyze the mode of infection of hantaan virus in adult icr mice. the cdna for the s genome segment of hantaan virus was reverse-transcribed from the total rna of organs of the infected mice. the sequence in the s genome segment of hantaan virus was successfully amplified by reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr followed by nested pcr. in 5-week-old icr mice inoculated intraperitoneally with hantaan ...19957783676
hantaviruses: the rodents take revenge. 19957791447
hantavirus antibodies in european mammalogists. 19957791453
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in canada. 19957795553
a macaque model for hantavirus infection.cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) were experimentally infected with puumala virus (strain hällnäs), which causes nephropathia epidemica in humans in western europe. during the first week after intratracheal inoculation, the monkeys exhibited signs of lethargy followed by mild proteinuria and microhematuria. histopathologic changes during the first 7 weeks after infection were largely confined to abnormalities in medullary tubular cells of the kidneys, which coincided with the demonstrati ...19957797944
[belgrade and hantaan hantaviruses--the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children in serbia].during an outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in 1989, five children (3 girls, 2 boys, aged 6.8-16 years) with severe clinical form of the disease, were treated at the institute of mother and child health of serbia; four of them were followed-up 22-28 months thereafter. the main clinical features were: fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal and back pains, and vomiting in all, and haemorrhagic syndrome in three; renal syndrome with severe acute renal failure in all five patien ...199517974469
hantavirus infections in finland.hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantaviruspulmonary syndrome (hps), and occur throughout the world. the viruses aretransmitted to humans in aerosols of rodent secretions. about 200 000 people,mainly in eurasia, develop199512631750
role of infection in the genesis of acute renal failure.while most experimental models of acute renal failure (arf) involve ischaemic or toxic damage to the kidney in non-infected animals, a surprisingly large proportion of patients with arf exhibit signs of septicaemia or systemic reaction to local infections. this clinical observation suggests an important role of infection-related mediator mechanisms in the genesis of arf. another important aspect is the occurrence of arf in the context of infections with nephrotropic viruses (e.g. hantavirus acco ...19947800267
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) occurred in the western u.s. in 1993. this outbreak was surprising because serious disease due to hantavirus had not been reported previously in the u.s., and hantavirus had not been documented to cause significant pulmonary disease. epidemiologic investigation discovered a novel strain of hantavirus as the etiologic agent of hps. the centers for disease control (cdc) proposed the name of muerto canyon virus for this novel hantavirus, which is t ...19947801629
the no-name virus. questions linger after the four corners outbreak. 19947809594
[nephropathia epidemica. hantavirus nephritis--a differential diagnosis in acute abdomen].nephropathia epidemica (ne) is an infectious disease caused by hantavirus of the bunyavirus family and carried by little rodents, in denmark presumably by the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). the disease usually presents with self-limiting renal failure, thrombocytopenia, fever, lower back and/or abdominal pain. as such it might be confused with for example acute abdomen as shown by the two cases given. final diagnosis is based upon demonstrating antibody formation against hantavirus.19947810017
emergence of hantaviral disease in the southwestern united states.hantaviruses are parasites of small mammals, predominantly peridomestic and commensal rodents. they have a worldwide distribution. hantavirus-related illness occurs in rural areas where humans come into contact with rodents. in most cases human infection is manifested by one of a variety of acute illnesses involving hemorrhagic fever and renal disease. in may 1993, a cluster of patients with an acute pulmonary disease with high mortality was noted in the four corners region of the southwestern u ...19947810123
hantaviruses and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 19947811854
[acute kidney failure caused by hantaviruses].hantavirus-induced acute renal failure is a worldwide occurring disease and rarely known and diagnosed in germany and in western europe. its various clinical features are embraced by the term hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). cardinal symptoms of the mild european form called nephropathia epidemica (ne) leading to diagnosis are: abrupt onset, fever, pain (abdominal, loin-, or headache), acute renal failure, proteinuria and/or hematuria, polyuria, and thrombocytopenia. etiologic agent ...19947784996
[leptospirosis and pulmonary hantavirus syndrome]. 19947787876
[early diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during war].hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) represented a significant military problem in wide-spread epidemics among soldiers in previous wars. elisa test for detection of the anti-hantaviral igm antibodies has proved as a method of choice for rapid diagnostics of the hfrs. since the republic of bosnia and herzegovina is one of the greatest endemices focuses of the hfrs in europe, the war circumstances in which we live at the present time, could easily bring about, both breaking up of the epid ...19947752688
[results of serologic screening for hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome in moldova].results of serologic screening of small mammals for antigen of the virus of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs) and of testing human sera for antibodies to this virus in moldova are reviewed. a total of 9946 animals belonging to 22 species and blood sera of 792 healthy donors were examined in 1983-1990. hfrs virus antigen was detected in 30 animals of 9 species, with the highest incidence of the antigen in gray voles. two serotypes of hantavirus were found to circulate in small mamm ...19947716918
dominant glycoprotein epitope of four corners hantavirus is conserved across a wide geographical area.a newly identified hantavirus, tentatively called four corners virus (fcv), was found to be the aetiological agent of a 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states. immunodominant epitopes of 43 and 31 amino acids were identified in the nucleocapsid protein and g1 glycoprotein, respectively. the g1 genes of different hantaviruses are highly divergent, suggesting that geographically diverse fcvs might fail to cross-react owing to antigenic drift. we now ...19947525860
[new pulmonary symptoms by killer hantavirus]. 19947555827
isolation of a puumala-like virus from mus musculus captured in yugoslavia and its association with severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.an outbreak of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) occurred in 1988 in pozarevac, serbia, yugoslavia. the disease was diagnosed in 4 children and 1 adult, and 1 of the children died. rodents were captured from the same area and virus isolation attempted. a hantavirus, poz-m1, was isolated from lung tissues of hantavirus antigen-positive mus musculus. serology and restriction enzyme digestion of polymerase chain reaction-amplified segments from this virus showed that it was a stra ...19947506281
hantavirus infections and outbreaks in 1993.hantaviruses are the cause of a worldwide zoonosis and pose a potential threat to those exposed to rodents through occupation or recreation. an increased number of hantavirus infections was reported in holland and germany in the summer of 1993 and a previously unrecognised hantavirus has been implicated in the pulmonary syndrome hantavirus (pshv) outbreak in the united states. surveillance data for the united kingdom are limited and infections with hantaviruses are not always recognised: hantavi ...19947509239
characterization of human antibody responses to four corners hantavirus infections among patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a human disease caused by a newly identified hantavirus, which we will refer to as four corners virus (fcv). fcv is related most closely to puumala virus (puu) and to prospect hill virus (phv). twenty-five acute hps serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm antibody reactivities to fcv-encoded recombinant proteins in western blot (immunoblot) assays. all hps serum samples contained both igg and igm antibodies to the fcv nucleocapsid (n) p ...19947512156
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in california: report of two cases and investigation.we report two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome that were probably acquired in california. genetic analysis of tissue specimens from one of the patients revealed that the virus isolated is a variant of the strain (sin nombre virus) identified in the outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome that occurred in the four corners region of the southwestern united states in 1993. in addition to presenting the clinical features of the two cases, we discuss the possible risk factors for infection.19947888541
[hantavirus: a new pandemic?]. 19947885196
hantaviruses and the hantavirus outbreak in the united states. a case study in disease emergence. 19947840450
emerging infectious diseases in the united states, improved surveillance, a requisite for prevention.emerging infectious diseases such as prolonged diarrheal illness due to water-borne cryptosporidium, hemorrhagic colitis and renal failure from food-borne e. coli o157:h7, and rodent-borne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome as well as reemerging infections such as tuberculosis, pertussis, and cholera vividly illustrate that we remain highly vulnerable to the microorganisms with which we share our environment. prompt detection of new and resurgent infectious disease threats depends on careful monitori ...19947840468
serum levels of alpha and gamma interferons in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an acute viral disease caused by hantavirus. on the basis of clinical observation, the illness is divided into five sequential stages: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. because interferons can be induced by viruses, and because their stimulating effects on immune cells can alter the course of viral infections, we examined the presence of alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in 276 serum samples collected ...19947848512
antibodies to different strains of hantavirus in end-stage renal disease in usa and japan. 19947904033
epizootiological studies of hantavirus infection among urban rats in hokkaido, japan: evidences for the persistent infection from the sero-epizootiological surveys and antigenic characterizations of hantavirus isolates.epizootiological studies of hantavirus infection among urban rats were carried out through the surveys repeated 11 times at the same dumping ground area in 1983 to 1988. a total of 279 rats (rattus norvegicus) were captured during the surveys. sero-positive animals to hantavirus strain sr-11 were detected in all the surveys. overall positive rate of rats 6 months old or more (94/128, 73.4%) was significantly higher than that of younger rats (23/151, 15.2%, x2 = 96.4, p < 0.001). therefore, age d ...19947911335
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: kansas, 1993. 19947911857
rat-transmitted hantavirus disease in sarajevo. 19947912368
clinical quiz. nephropathia epidemica. specific igm antibodies against puumalavirus can be found in serum. 19947912543
hantavirus infection. 19947913975
guillain-barré syndrome associated with hantavirus infection. 19947904032
[the urinary excretion of free amino acids in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].the authors detected impaired urinary excretion of some amino acids in 20 patients suffering from moderate hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the excretory changes depended on the kind of amino acid, the disease period and renal function. the causes of the above abnormality are discussed.19947915862
serological evidence of hantavirus disease in northern ireland.since, to our knowledge, no clinically documented cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) have been reported in northern ireland, a sero-epidemiological study was carried out to assess the degree of hantavirus immunity in a group of 627 northern irish patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of hfrs and 100 healthy controls. ifa screening for igg hantavirus specific antibodies was carried out with a panel of up to 9 different hantaviral antigens. igm screening was performed us ...19947916033
class and subclass distribution of hantavirus-specific serum antibodies at different times after the onset of nephropathia epidemica.sera from dutch and belgium individuals who suffered from nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), were tested for the distribution of classes and subclasses of hantavirus (hv)-specific antibodies at different times after the onset of the disease, with class- and subclass-specific ig capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). in the acute, early convalescent, and convalescent phases, predominantly specific iga, igm, and igg3 antibodies ...19947916034
belgrade and hantaan hantaviruses--the causative agents of severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children in serbia.during an outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in 1989, five children (3 girls, 2 boys, aged 6.8-16 years) with a severe form of the disease were treated; four of these were followed for 22-28 months. the main clinical features in all five patients were: fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal and back pain and vomiting; haemorrhagic syndrome was present in four children. renal syndrome presented with severe acute renal failure in all five patients. all patients recovered. serol ...19947917855
first reported cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in canada. 19947920363
recommendations for hantavirus risk reduction. 19947920364
hantavirus disease. 19947923452
detection of muerto canyon virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.to determine if muerto canyon virus (mcv) rna is present in the peripheral blood of patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for mcv rna was used on blood samples from 20 seropositive case-patients. rna was prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) or blood clot (or both) from 19 and from plasma from 11 case-patients. all 12 blood clot, all 13 pbmc, and 8 of 11 plasma preparations produced an mcv amplification pro ...19947930697
rapid differentiation between hantaan and seoul viruses by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis.the majority of causative strains of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are known as hantaan and seoul viruses in korea. the clinical manifestations may be indistinguishable between both viruses, although the clinical course of hantaan virus infection is more severe than that of the seoul virus. therefore, the differentiation of hantaan or seoul virus may be important for predicting the prognosis. the primers were selected from the published sequences of the s segments of hantaan virus ...19947931185
hantavirus infection in the domestic cat. 19947933313
hantavirus--are we ready? 19947936443
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