Publications

t-helper and humoral responses to puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein: identification of t-helper epitopes in a mouse model.	puumala hantavirus (puuv) is a rodent-borne agent causing nephropathia epidemica in humans, a milder form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurring in fennoscandia, central europe and western russia. in this study we characterized the immunogenicity of an e. coli-expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of puuv (strain kazan-e6) in inbred mice (balb/c, cba and c57/bl6). the recombinant n (rn) protein raised puuv-specific antibodies in all three tested murine haplotypes, and all igg subclasse ...	2001	11125166
hantavirus nucleocapsid protein is expressed as a membrane-associated protein in the perinuclear region.	black creek canal virus (bccv) is a new world hantavirus which is associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. we have examined the site of expression of the bccv nucleocapsid protein (nbccv) in the absence of bccv glycoproteins and found that the majority of the protein is localized to the golgi region. immunofluorescence analysis of bhk21 cells expressing the nbccv and la crosse virus nucleocapsid protein (nlacv) showed different intracellular localization patterns of these proteins within t ...	2001	11160679
hantavirus nucleocapsid protein oligomerization.	hantaviruses are enveloped, negative-strand rna viruses which can be lethal to humans, causing either a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or a hantaviral pulmonary syndrome. the viral genomes consist of three rna segments: the l segment encodes the viral polymerase, the m segment encodes the viral surface glycoproteins g1 and g2, and the s segment encodes the nucleocapsid (n) protein. the n protein is a 420- to 430-residue, 50-kda protein which appears to direct hantavirus assembly, although ...	2001	11160704
dobrava hantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in central europe and is carried by two different apodemus mice species.	in central europe, hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans are caused by the hantavirus species puumala (transmitted by voles) and a second, hantaan-related species (transmitted by mice). the second virus could be identified as dobrava virus. to date, 19 clinical cases of dobrava infection have been found in germany and slovakia. all patients exhibited a mild/moderate clinical course and no case fatality occurred. screening for infected rodents revealed that the striped field mou ...	2001	11170053
risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases.	americans are increasingly exposed to exotic zoonotic diseases through travel, contact with exotic pets, occupational exposure, and leisure pursuits. appropriate isolation precautions are required to prevent nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases for which person-to-person transmission has been documented. this minireview provides guidelines for the isolation of patients and management of staff exposed to the following infectious diseases with documented person-to-person transmission: ...	2001	11170953
expression of immunogenic puumala virus nucleocapsid protein in transgenic tobacco and potato plants.	transgenic plants, expressing recombinant proteins, are suitable alternatives for the production of relevant immunogens. in the present study, the expression of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein in tobacco and potato plants (nicotiana tabacum and solanum tuberosum) and its immunogenicity was investigated. after infection of leaf discs of sr1 tobacco and tuber discs of potato cv. "desiree" with the agrobacterium strain lba4404 (pal4404, pbinar-puu-s) containing the 1302 bp cdna sequence of s-rna ...	2001	11210942
hantaviruses: history and overview.		2001	11217399
clinical manifestations of new world hantaviruses.		2001	11217400
clinical characteristics of hantavirus infections on the eurasian continent.		2001	11217401
replication of hantaviruses.		2001	11217402
human immune response, host genetics, and severity of disease.		2001	11217403
vaccines against hantaviruses.		2001	11217404
hantavirus maturation.		2001	11217405
virus evolution and genetic diversity of hantaviruses and their rodent hosts.		2001	11217406
modeling hantavirus maintenance and transmission in rodent communities.		2001	11217407
cellular receptors and hantavirus pathogenesis.	hantaviruses cause two potentially lethal diseases, hps and hfrs, and both diseases result in defects in vascular permeability and platelet function. human beta 3 integrins confer cellular susceptibility to hps- and hfrs-causing hantaviruses, a fact directly linking platelets, endothelial cells, and hantavirus diseases to the use of [figure: see text] cellular receptors that maintain capillary integrity and regulate platelet function. the role of vitronectin, pai-1, upar, and complement cascades ...	2001	11217408
the probability of severe disease in zoonotic and commensal infections.	cross-species transfers of pathogens (zoonoses) cause some of the most virulent diseases, including anthrax, hantavirus and q fever. zoonotic infections occur when a pathogen moves from its reservoir host species into a secondary host species. similarly, commensal infections often have a primary reservoir location within their hosts' bodies from which they rarely cause disease symptoms, but commensals such as neisseria meningitidis cause severe disease when they cross into a different body compa ...	2001	12123298
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: at the crossroads.	the initial identification in 1993 of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome as a novel, highly fatal respiratory illness among american indians in the southwestern usa in 1993 opened the window to the recognition of a well-established pan-american zoonosis with a myriad of causative viruses and rodent vectors, although all are new world hantaviruses among new world sigmodontine rodents. the clinical spectrum of symptoms has also been expanded to include asymptomatic infection through to fulminant hemorr ...	2001	11979134
[cloning and nucleotide sequencing of full length l segment cdna of hantavirus strain a9].	cloning and nucleotide sequencing of full length cdna sequence of l segment of hantavirus strain a9.	2001	11986701
serological evidence of hantavirus infections in malaysia.	hantaviruses are primarily rodent-borne and transmission is by inhalation of virus-contaminated aerosols of rodent excreta, especially urine and saliva. the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, comprises at least 14 serotypes and the symptoms of clinical illness range from mild fever to severe hemorrhagic manifestations with renal complications. many countries in southeast asia are unaware of the importance of hantavirus infections and give them low priority. malaysia, like other countries in ...	2001	12041558
emerging viral infections.	the past decade has witnessed the emergence of several significant viral pathogens and the further evolution of additional viral pathogens. transmitted by a variety of differing routes, these organisms have presented substantial intellectual challenges to medicine of the 20th and 21st centuries. as perhaps the benchmark pathogen of the past decade, hiv has provided medicine and society with a most formidable opponent, and one that has yet to be fully conquered. nonetheless, a variety of addition ...	2001	11964867
mechanisms of integrin-mediated virus attachment and internalization process.	viruses that propagate within vertebrate hosts have adapted many strategies to infect host cells. one of the first steps in a viral infection is the binding of the virus to cell surface molecules. this interaction between a virus and its receptors plays a key role in the multiplication cycle. entry of viruses into cells is a complex, multistep process, and for several viruses, cell attachment and internalization are distinct steps. a number of virus receptors have been identified; a common famil ...	2001	11922076
establishment of a deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus rufinus) breeding colony from wild-caught founders: comparison of reproductive performance of wild-caught and laboratory-reared pairs.	the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is a natural reservoir for several human pathogens, but little is known about the mechanisms by which such pathogens are maintained in nature. as a first step toward developing a colony of deer mice that were permissive for infection with sin nombre (sn) hantavirus, we collected 68 wild p. maniculatus rufinus from central new mexico. mice from this cohort were used to establish 26 breeding pairs, of which 85% were fertile. in subsequent generations, fertil ...	2001	11924788
[analysis on the genetics of hantavirus s85-46 isolated from sichuan province].	to understand the molecular and epidemic characteristics of hantavirus s85-46 isolated from sichuan province.	2001	11851062
[treatment refractory fever... und then also the kidneys fail].		2001	11808449
serologic survey for hantavirus infections among wild animals in rural areas of são paulo state, brazil.	a serosurvey was conducted in wild animals captured close to two areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) occurred in são paulo state, brazil. serum samples from a total of 43 mammals were tested for antibodies reactive with sin nombre (sn) hantavirus using a strip immunoblot assay. rnas from the blood clots of the positive samples were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). two rodents of the genus oligoryzomys were positive for hantavirus antibodie ...	2001	11781602
antibodies anti-chlamydia pneumoniae and anti-mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with negative serology for hantavirus. retrospective study.	the seroprevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in hantavirus seronegative patients, who had symptoms and signs compatible with pneumonia was established. for this purpose we used the indirect fluorescent antibody test. titers > or = 1:16 for c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae were found in 8.6% and 17.1% of the serum, respectively, showing evidence of recent or current infection.	2001	11784935
patterns of infection with laguna negra virus in wild populations of calomys laucha in the central paraguayan chaco.	in 1995, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the central paraguayan chaco. the primary reservoir of the virus, laguna negra virus, was identified as the vesper mouse, calomys laucha. over a 15-month period, we collected 1,090 small mammals at 12 locations representing 4 habitats common in the central paraguayan chaco. calomys laucha was common in agricultural habitats and uncommon in the native forest habitat. populations of c. laucha were greater during the dry season month ...	2001	11791973
[contemporary problems with respiratory tract infections with special regard to viral infections].		2001	12412261
nm judgment raises red flag. state law mandates nationwide action by nps.		2001	12420460
haemorrhagic viruses as bioweapons.		2001	11871792
cdc's strategic plan for bioterrorism preparedness and response.	the department of health and human services (dhhs) has played a critical lead role over the past two years in fostering activities associated with the medical and public health response to bioterrorism. based on a charge from secretary donna shalala in 1998, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) is leading public health efforts to strengthen the nation's capacity to detect and respond to a bioterrorist event. as a result of our efforts, federal, state, and local communities are im ...	2001	11880662
hantavirus transmission: potential role of ectoparasites.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an often-fatal disease thought to be transmitted exclusively by rodents. we report the first evidence of hantavirus-specific rna (bayou) from two trombiculid mites (chiggers) and an ixodid tick parasitizing wild-caught rodents at a field site in texas and also from a trombiculid mite in the free-living predatory stage of the chigger life cycle collected from the same site.	2001	12653138
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the state of são paulo, brazil, 1993-1998.	between 1993 and 1998, 10 cases of clinical hantavirus infection were diagnosed in brazil. hantavirus-specific igm, or positive immunohistochemical analysis for hantavirus antigen, or positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results for hantavirus rna were used to confirm nine of these cases; eight were hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), and one was mild hantavirus disease. the remaining clinical case of hantavirus infection was fatal, and no tissue was available to confirm the ...	2001	12653146
[microbiological surveillance: viral hemorrhagic fever in central african republic: current serological data in man].	an investigation was conducted between 1994 and 1997 in forested areas of the central african republic (car) to determine the seroprevalence of igg antibodies against several haemorrhagic fever viruses present in the region. sera were obtained from 1762 individuals in two groups (pygmy and bantu locuted populations) living in 4 forested areas in the south of the country. sera were tested for igg antibodies against ebola, marburg, rift valley fever (rvf), yellow fever (yf) and hantaviruses by enz ...	2000	11775321
[study on the genetic difference of seo type hantaviruses].	to understand the genetic type of hantaviruses and the difference between them caused by rodents in beijing and to furhter explore the source of the infectious factors.	2000	11860814
[safety and immunogenicity of inactivated bivalent ehf vaccine in humans].	safety and immunogenicity of inactivated bivalent ehf vaccine in humans were evaluated in the epidemic area of zhejiang province, china.	2000	11860832
new and emerging pathogens.		2000	11219303
[febrile cytolysis disclosing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].	we report the case of a 40-year-old-man who developed febrile cytolysis as the presenting sign of hemorragic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). on admission, he had fever (40 degrees c) and epigastric pain. the ast level was at 2n, the alt at 3n. there was a thrombocytopenia (61 000/mm(3)) without anemia or hyperleukocytosis. three days after admission, the platelet count decreased to 40 000/mm(3), serum urea and creatinine increased from normal rate to 10.8mmol/l, 204.0 micromol/l, respectively. ...	2000	11173712
hantavirus infections.	hantaviruses are the causative agents of the zoonotic diseases known as haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe and asia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the americas. these pathogens are maintained in the wild by rodent reservoirs and are mainly transmitted via the aerosol route. the infection is chronic and apparently asymptomatic in host animals. whilst hfrs is caused by hantaan, seoul, dobrava and puumala hantaviruses, hps is associated with sin nombre-like viruses ...	2000	11189727
puumala and dobrava hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in estonia.		2000	11205639
[adaptive property of hantaviruses during their isolation from cultured vero-e6 cells in relation to the type of the ecological host].	as a result of virological studies, 185 lung tissue specimens from 4 rodent species caught near khabarovsk were isolated and fixed in the passages of cultured vero-6 cells of 68 hantavirus strains. the capacity of the strains to adapt to the cells was assessed by using the adaptive index involving the mean rates of successful isolation, its duration, hantavirus antigen titer in the material used for infection. the strains of hantavirus serotypes were noted for the highest adaptive properties, wh ...	2000	11210409
serological study of hantavirus in the rodent population of nakhon pathom and nakhon ratchasima provinces thailand.	a serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents from two provinces of thailand. this study aimed to examine virus antibody in 354 rodents trapped among 6 different villages of nakhon pathom province (february-march, 1998) and in 326 rodents trapped among 14 villages of nakhon ratchasima province (august-october, 1998). seroprevalence among rodents from nakhon pathom province (2.3%), was mostly find in rattus norvegicus (3.8%) and bandicota indica ( ...	2000	11127326
genetic diversity of apodemus agrarius-borne hantaan virus in korea.	hantaan (htn) virus, the etiologic agent of clinically severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), was first isolated in 1976 from lung tissues of striped field mice (apodemus agrarius) captured in songnae-ri, kyungki-do, korea. to clarify the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among korean strains of htn virus, viral sequences of the partial s and m segments were amplified from lung tissues of 24 seropositive striped field mice captured between 1989 and 1998 at 11 sites in ...	2000	11129640
lack of evidence for an association between hantavirus infections and wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, churg-strauss syndrome and giant cell arteritis.		2000	11136889
molecular evolution of puumala hantavirus in fennoscandia: phylogenetic analysis of strains from two recolonization routes, karelia and denmark.	like other members of the genus hantavirus: in the family bunyaviridae:, puumala virus (puuv) is thought to be co-evolving with its natural host, the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus. to gain insight into the evolutionary history of puuv in northern europe during the last post-glacial period, we have studied wild-type puuv strains originating from areas along two postulated immigration routes of bank voles to fennoscandia. full-length sequences of the s rna segment and partial sequences (nt 216 ...	2000	11086113
effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on sin nombre virus infection in vitro.	previous data indicate that immune mechanisms may be involved in developing capillary leakage during sin nombre virus (snv) infection. therefore, we investigated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) by human alveolar macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) after infection with snv. in addition, we examined the effect of tnf-alpha on huvec monolayer leakage. our results reveal that although tnf-alpha decreases accumulation of viral nucleoproteins, tnf-alpha ...	2000	11090198
[use of kinetic hemagglutination inhibition test in study of antigenic relationships of hantavirus strains circulating in foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in southern far east of russia].	the kinetics of reaction between hemagglutinating antigens and immune sera to 10 hantavirus strains (7 isolated in the primorye territory and 3 in other regions) was studied in the cross kinetic hemagglutination inhibition (khai) test. an a parameter is suggested for evaluation of the similarity and differences between the studied strains. this parameter helped detect antigenic differences between hantaan and seoul viruses and the inter-type differences between hantaan-like strains. khai is more ...	2000	11107654
[zoonoses among immigrants].	during the last ten years denmark has received an increasing number of immigrants, especially from the balkans, the middle east, and somalia. some of these may suffer from the zoonoses occurring in their country of origin. but apart from echinococcosis, zoonoses in these immigrants do not seem to pose a quantitatively greater problem than in danes who have visited these areas. however it is important to have a knowledge of the symptoms and mode of transmission of zoonoses occurring in areas wher ...	2000	11107966
hantavirus infections among mammalogists studied by focus reduction neutralisation test.		2000	11117649
genetic diversity of hantaviruses isolated in china and characterization of novel hantaviruses isolated from niviventer confucianus and rattus rattus.	the antigenic and genetic properties of 46 hantaviruses from china, 13 from patients, 23 from rodents, and 10 from unknown hosts, were compared with those of other hantaviruses. the viruses were classified as either hantaan (htn) or seoul (seo) viruses. a phylogenetic analysis of the partial m (300 bp) and s (around 485 bp) genomes of htn viruses identified nine distinct genetic subtypes, one consisting of isolates from korea. the seo viruses were divided into five genetic subtypes, although the ...	2000	11118357
expression of a human, neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific to puumala virus g2-protein in stably-transformed insect cells.	we cloned the heavy- and light-chain antibody genes of a human x (humanxmouse) trioma secreting a neutralizing, igg monoclonal antibody to the g2-protein of puumala virus. the antibody genes were inserted separately into plasmid transfer vector piei-4 such that the genes were under control of the baculovirus immediate early gene promoter, iei. trichoplusia ni (tn) cells were co-transfected with these constructs and a selection plasmid containing a neomycin-resistance gene. cloned transformants e ...	2000	11121551
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is distinguishable from acute interstitial pneumonia.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) can share similar clinical presentations. aip is an acute, diffuse lung disease that has some clinical features suggesting a viral infection, although causative agent(s) have not been identified.	2000	11035576
emerging viral diseases.		2000	11035785
puumala (puu) hantavirus strain differences and insertion positions in the hepatitis b virus core antigen influence b-cell immunogenicity and protective potential of core-derived particles.	hepatitis b virus (hbv) core-derived chimeric particles carrying a puumala (puu) hantavirus (strain vranica/hällnäs) nucleocapsid (n) protein sequence (aa 1-45), alternatively inserted at three distinct positions (n-, c-terminus, or the internal region), and mosaic particles consisting of hbv core as well as core/puu (vranica/hällnäs) n (aa 1-45) readthrough protein were generated. chimeric particles carrying the insert at the n-terminus or the internal region of core induced some protective imm ...	2000	11040127
[hantavirus disease during pregnancy].	hantavirus infection is known to occur in mice and rats without symptoms. in contrast, an infection with hantavirus in humans gives influenzalike symptoms and acute renal failure. the treatment is symptomatic, but treatment with dialysis can be necessary for a while. a case of hantavirus infection in denmark in a 30 week pregnant woman is reported.	2000	11043050
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northern alberta, canada: clinical and laboratory findings for 19 cases.	we reviewed the clinical and laboratory findings for 19 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) identified either serologically or by immunohistochemical testing of archival tissue at our tertiary care center. fever (95%), cough (89%), and dyspnea (89%) were the most common presenting symptoms. the most prevalent presenting signs were respiratory abnormalities (95%) and tachycardia (84%). common laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia (95%) and leukocytosis (79%). elevated aspartate a ...	2000	11049774
[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern argentina].	andes virus was identified in 1995 as the etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in southern argentina. we describe herein the main clinical characteristics of 25 hps confirmed cases acquired in this area between 1993 and september 1999. the mean age was 34 years (range 11-70), with 72% males. clinical characteristics were similar to those previously reported for sin nombre virus (snv) cases. however, in this group of patients we also observed conjuntival injection in 10/25 (42%) ...	2000	11050803
[prevalence of anti-hantavirus antibodies in health care personnel in direct contact with patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in temuco, chile 1997 to 1999].	an outbreak of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hvcs) caused by the andes virus, affected chile since 1995. antibodies to hantavirus in health care workers who had cared patients with hvcs in coybaique, argentinean reports and familial clustering of bantaviral illness, raised the possibility of person to person transmission. familial clustering could occur secondary to a similar exposure to a common infected environment of more than one member of the family. moreover, the prevalence of antib ...	2000	11050834
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in panama: identification of novel hantaviruses and their likely reservoirs.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), a severe respiratory disease with high mortality caused by rodent-borne hantaviruses, has previously been identified in the united states and canada as well as central and southern south america. in late 1999 and early 2000, an outbreak of acute illness compatible with hps was reported in los santos, panama, with the death of 3 of the 12 (25%) suspected cases. hantavirus-specific antibodies were detected in patient sera, and virus rna was detected by reverse ...	2000	11062031
first case of puumala virus infection in greece.		2000	11073146
genetic diversity of hantaviruses associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the far east of russia.	to identify the hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the far east of russia, blood samples collected from hfrs patients in 1994-1998, were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. in addition, 36 sera were tested by an immunofluorescence assay for antibodies against hantaan, seoul, puumala, and khabarovsk viruses, and 54 samples were tested by plaque reduction neutralization test. with both serological assays, the highest antibody titers were t ...	2000	11074123
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome associated with monongahela virus, pennsylvania.	the first two recognized cases of rapidly fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in pennsylvania occurred within an 8-month period in 1997. illness in the two patients was confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques on autopsy material. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of tissue from one patient and environmentally associated peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) identified the monongahela virus variant. physicians should be vigilant for such monongahela virus-associated ...	2000	11076720
preliminary characterization and natural history of hantaviruses in rodents in northern greece.		2000	11076727
evidence of puumala hantavirus infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in belgium.		2000	11083049
a neutralizing recombinant human antibody fab fragment against puumala hantavirus.	a combinatorial human antibody fab pcomb3h library, generated from splenic lymphocytes of a puumala hantavirus (puuv) immune individual, was selected against puuv using the phage display technique. panning was carried out with antigens immobilized by mabs directed to the two puuv envelope glycoproteins g1 and g2. thirteen fabs, with reactivity directed to puuv and specifically the g2 protein, as assessed by immunofluorescence and elisa respectively, were isolated in crude preparations. by a focu ...	2000	10686029
detection of hantaan and seoul viruses by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in renal syndrome patients with hemorrhagic fever.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), also called korean hemorrhagic fever (khf), is the most common cause of acute renal failure in the far east. two serotypes of hantavirus, hantaan and seoul viruses are known pathogens for hfrs in korea.	2000	10711409
scientific community. controversy claims cdc lab chief.		2000	10712145
clinical aspects of nephropathia epidemica (puumala virus infection) in europe: a review.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a prevalent zoonosis throughout europe and is caused by the puumala type of hantavirus. the incidence of ne varies in a cyclic fashion, with peaks occurring every 3rd to 4th year, coinciding with peaks in vole populations. the clinical course of ne is generally milder than haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses in other parts of the world. typically, ne has a sudden onset with fever, headache, backpain and gastrointestinal symptoms. however, ...	2000	10826895
using remotely sensed data to identify areas at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	the 1993 u.s. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) outbreak was attributed to environmental conditions and increased rodent populations caused by unusual weather in 1991- 92. in a case-control study to test this hypothesis, we estimated precipitation at 28 hps and 170 control sites during the springs of 1992 and 1993 and compared it with precipitation during the previous 6 years by using rainfall patterns at 196 weather stations. we also used elevation data and landsat thematic mapper satellite i ...	2000	10827113
remote sensing and geographic information systems: charting sin nombre virus infections in deer mice.	we tested environmental data from remote sensing and geographic information system maps as indicators of sin nombre virus (snv) infections in deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) populations in the walker river basin, nevada and california. we determined by serologic testing the presence of snv infections in deer mice from 144 field sites. we used remote sensing and geographic information systems data to characterize the vegetation type and density, elevation, slope, and hydrologic features of ea ...	2000	10827114
renal failure and hantavirus infection in europe.		2000	10831620
diagnostic potential of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in drosophila melanogaster cells.	puumala virus (puu) nucleocapsid protein (n) was expressed in insect cells by using the drosophila expression system (des; invitrogen bv, groningen, the netherlands). stable transfectants were established by hygromycin b selection and showed continuous expression of the recombinant protein (des-puu-n) for at least 5 months. the antigenic property of des-puu-n was shown to be identical to that of native puu n when examined with a panel of hantavirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. enzyme-linked i ...	2000	10834996
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in canada, 1989-1999.		2000	10851764
genetic analysis of wild-type dobrava hantavirus in slovenia: co-existence of two distinct genetic lineages within the same natural focus.	genetic analysis was performed of wild-type (wt) dobrava hantavirus (dob) strains from slovenia, the country where the virus was first discovered and where it was found to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), with a fatality rate of 12%. two hundred and sixty mice of the genus apodemus:, trapped in five natural foci of dob-associated hfrs during 1990-1996, were screened for the presence of anti-hantavirus antibodies and 49 apodemus: flavicollis and four apodemus: agrarius were fo ...	2000	10859380
complement activation in nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. there is considerable variability in the clinical severity of ne. its pathogenesis is largely unknown and data on complement activation in ne are scant. we sought here to establish how the complement system behaves during ne and whether the variation in the clinical outcome is related to the activation of complement.	2000	10879661
hantaviruses.	since the recognition of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the usa in 1993, interest in hantavirus diseases has intensified worldwide. it is clear that hantaviruses have been historically responsible for a variety of human illnesses. hantaviruses form a separate genus within the bunyaviridae family. there are currently >20 recognised sero/genotypes and many others are under investigation. each hantavirus type appears to be specific to a different rodent host. virus phylogeny very closel ...	2000	10882083
humoral immune responses in the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.	the immunologic responses that mediate viral clearance of and recovery from hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) due to sin nombre (sn) virus are unknown. serial serum samples from 26 patients with acute sn virus infection were tested for igg, iga, and igm reactivity to recombinant viral nucleocapsid (n) and glycoprotein g1 antigens by a novel strip immunoblot assay. the titers of antibodies capable of neutralizing sn virus in vitro also were determined for each sample. at admission, patie ...	2000	10882580
detection of hantaviral antibodies among patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology in japan.	hantaviral antibodies were detected in the sera from patients with hepatic disease of unknown etiology in japan by several different serological diagnostic methods. a total of 105 sera from diseased patients which were negative to a-g hepatitis virus infections in the tokyo area were tested. among them, 3 out of 73 sera from patients with chronic hepatic disease were positive to hantaviral antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (ifa) and ...	2000	10888353
dengue versus hantavirus in cns infections.		2000	10902650
sin nombre virus in deer mice captured inside homes, southwestern montana.	from 1996 through 1999, 35 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were captured in 25 urban and suburban homes in southwestern montana. mice were captured throughout the year except for january; seven mice (20%) from seven (28%) of the homes were seropositive for sin nombre virus. the infected mice were mostly adult males captured in the spring and fall.	2000	10905973
the public health laboratory service (phls) and its role in the control of zoonotic disease.	the aetiology of zoonotic infections embraces organisms from every branch of the microbial world. in addition, zoonoses must be considered as a truly global problem, both in terms of their distribution and the measures required for their control. within the uk, zoonotic disease is considered to be less frequent than in some less developed parts of the world. however, its contribution to overall morbidity and mortality within the uk population is not well established. in an attempt to define the ...	2000	10913770
infectious exanthems and unusual infections.	invasive disease due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) can be divided into 3 categories of disease: streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (streptss), necrotizing fasciitis, and other invasive gabhs disease. patients with streptss may have multiorgan failure within hours of presentation. clindamycin and penicillin g should be used in combination for treatment of invasive gabhs disease. the mortality rate for menstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome has decreased with early recognit ...	2000	10916128
genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in south america.	since 1995 when the first case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was reported in patagonia, there have been more than 400 cases of hps reported in five countries in south america. the first case of hps was associated with andes (and) virus. in this study, we report on the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in six countries in south america based on 87 hps cases from argentina, bolivia, chile, paraguay, and uruguay. an early immunog ...	2000	10921972
sex differences in seoul virus infection are not related to adult sex steroid concentrations in norway rats.	field studies of hantavirus infection in rodents report that a higher percentage of infected individuals are males than females. to determine whether males were more susceptible to hantavirus infection than females, adult male and female long evans rats (rattus norvegicus) were inoculated with doses of seoul virus ranging from 10(-4) to 10(6) pfu. the 50% infective doses (id(50)) were not significantly different for male and female rats (10(0.05) and 10(0.8) pfu, respectively). to determine whet ...	2000	10933735
[hantavirus infections].		2000	10943219
pronounced monocytosis in a case of nephropathia epidemica.	nephropathia epidemica is a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. thrombocytopenia is common and characteristic. we report here a case of a young man with nephropathia epidemica and marked transient monocytosis.	2000	10959653
the epidemiology of nephropathia epidemica in finland: clinical diagnosis vs. serological diagnosis.		2000	10959667
dual captures of colorado rodents: implications for transmission of hantaviruses.	we analyzed dual-capture data collected during longitudinal studies monitoring transmission and persistence of sin nombre virus in rodents in colorado. our data indicate that multiple captures (two or more rodents captured in a single trap) may not be random, as indicated by previous studies, but rather the result of underlying, species-specific social behavior or cohesiveness. in the pairs we captured, most often, rodents were of the same species, were male, and could be recaptured as pairs. th ...	2000	10970147
[outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome in egor'ev district of moscow region].	epizootological, serological, and molecular virological analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the egoryevsk district of moscow region (september 1995-january 1996) has been carried out. hantavirus (puumala) antigen and virus-specific antibodies were isolated from bank voles captured in the endemic focus. anti-puumala antibodies were detected in the sera of all hfrs patients and in 2% healthy residents of the endemic focus. analysis of nucleotide sequence (rna ...	2000	10971964
experimental infection model for sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoir hosts is not well understood. we successfully passaged a mouse-adapted strain of sin nombre virus from deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) by i.m. inoculation of 4- to 6-wk-old deer mouse pups. after inoculation with 5 id(50), antibodies to the nucleocapsid (n) antigen first became detectable at 14 d whereas neutralizing antibodies were detectable by 7 d. viral n antigen first began to appear in heart, lung, liver, spleen, and/or kidney by ...	2000	10973478
[the spread of hantaviruses in western siberia].	studies made in west siberia established the existence of at least 4 hantavirus types: puumala, tula, topografov, and dobrava/belgrade. the authors detected puumala virus genovariants in voles, tula virus in sagebrush and narrow-skulled voles, and topografov virus in siberian lemmings. the etiological role of the hantavirus dobrada/belgrade was defined in the structure of morbidity of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome. in russia, hantaviruses were first detected in mites: a hantavirus an ...	2000	10981407
pathogenicity of hantaan virus in newborn mice: genetic reassortant study demonstrating that a single amino acid change in glycoprotein g1 is related to virulence.	two hantaan virus strains, clone 1 (cl-1), which is virulent in newborn mice, and its attenuated mutant (mu11e10), were used to examine the pathogenesis of hantaan virus infection in a mouse model and identify virus factors relating to virulence. after subcutaneous inoculation of newborn balb/c mice, cl-1 caused fatal disease with high viral multiplication in peripheral organs, but mu11e10 produced nonfatal infection with a low level of virus multiplication. intracerebral inoculation of either s ...	2000	10982372
evaluation of two commercially available immunoassays for the detection of hantavirus antibodies in serum samples.	hantaviruses are members of the family bunyaviridae and the spectrum of clinical symptoms in humans may vary from sub-clinical to severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) or pulmonary syndrome (hps). several serotypes have been described from which at least five are pathogenic to humans. each serotype has a different animal reservoir and geographical distribution. in the acute phase of the disease the clinical diagnosis may be confirmed by serology or by polymerase-chain reaction (pc ...	2000	10996116
seroprevalence of human hantavirus infection in the ribeirão preto region of são paulo state, brazil.		2000	10998393
in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin and ribavirin upon hantavirus.	bovine lactoferrin (lf) and ribavirin (rbv) were tested as antiviral agents against seoul type hantavirus (sr-11 strain) in vitro. hantaviral foci number in vero e6 cells infected with sr-11 was reduced with lf treatment by 5 days post infection to obtain a 50% effective dose (ed50) of 2500 microg/ml, while pretreatment with lf was highly efficacious having an ed50 of 39 microg/ml. conversely, 1 h pretreatment with rbv revealed no inhibition of viral focus formation but could significantly reduc ...	2000	11003470
renal function and blood pressure five years after puumala virus-induced nephropathy.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. its long-term prognosis is considered favorable. some reports suggest, however, that a previous hantavirus infection increases the risk of hypertension.	2000	11012905
evolutionary diversification of protein-coding genes of hantaviruses.	phylogenetic analyses of the s:, m, and l: genes of the hantaviruses (bunyaviridae: hantavirus) revealed three well-differentiated clades corresponding to viruses parasitic on three subfamilies (murinae, arvicolinae, and sigmodontinae) of the rodent family muridae. in rooted trees of m: and l: genes, the viruses with hosts belonging to murinae formed an outgroup to those with hosts in arvicolinae and sigmodontinae. this phylogeny corresponded with a phylogeny of the murid subfamilies based on mi ...	2000	11018161
setting a trap for hantavirus.		2000	11022538
[serological diagnosis and nasopharyngeal washings in pediatric infections].	in the course of respiratory infections, the efficacy of microbiologic diagnosis has increased years after years, in term of specificity, sensitivity and rapidity. new pathogenic agents have been described such as: legionella pneumophila, chlamydia pneumoniae, hantavirus. some viruses have been well characterized as responsible for seasonal outbreaks using rapid tools for identification. needs for efficient diagnostic tools became more obvious when specific antiviral drugs appeared on the market ...	2000	11028183