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Modification of the adenoviral transfer vector enhances expression of the Hantavirus fusion protein GnS0.7 and induces a strong immune response in C57BL/6 mice.Hantavirus glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) are significant components of vaccines for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS); however, they are not effective due to weak immunogenicity and low levels of production in expression systems. To circumvent this problem, a 0.7-kb fragment of the S segment was fused to Gn, and a hybrid CAG promoter/enhancer in conjunction with (or without) the WPRE (Woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element) was used to improve the expression of ...201222015676
Isolation of sochi virus from a fatal case of hantavirus disease with fulminant clinical course.Sochi virus, a novel genetic variant of Dobrava-Belgrade virus, was isolated in cell culture from a fulminant lethal case of hantavirus disease presenting with shock and combined kidney and lung failure. Sochi virus is transmitted to humans from host reservoir Apodemus ponticus and must be considered a life-threatening emerging agent.201222042875
Antiviral escape strategies developed by bunyaviruses pathogenic for humans.New or re-emerging pathogens for humans have emerged outside of their usual endemic range during the last decade originating severe public health concern and economical losses. Climate changes have played a significant role in the emergence or re-emergence of arboviruses. Among these pathogens, several viruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family. This family is composed of RNA viruses grouped into five genera Orthobunyavirus, Hantavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus and Tospovirus characterized by thei ...201222202109
Immunogenic epitopes of Hantaviruses' N protein are restricted to conserved regions.The Bunyaviridae virus family is composed by five genera, of which the Hantavirus genus is one of the most important representatives. Occasionally, these viruses can be transmitted to humans, giving rise to severe diseases that present high mortality rates. We analyzed the amino acid sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of 34 different hantaviruses to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in immunogenicity against hantaviruses. Immunogenic epitopes described in the literature throu ...201222201821
Migration of norway rats resulted in the worldwide distribution of seoul hantavirus today.Despite the worldwide distribution, most of the known Seoul viruses (SEOV) are closely related to each other. In this study, the M and the S segment sequences of SEOV were recovered from 130 lung tissue samples (mostly of Norway rats) and from six patient serum samples by reverse transcription-PCR. Genetic analysis revealed that all sequences belong to SEOV and represent 136 novel strains. Phylogenetic analysis of all available M and S segment sequences of SEOV, including 136 novel Chinese strai ...201222090114
Co-circulation of two Puumala hantavirus lineages in Latvia: A russian lineage described previously and a novel Latvian lineage.Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Europe. Seven genetic lineages of PUUV have thus far been recorded, which exhibit geographic structure within the distribution of its natural host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). This study presents evidence for two distinct PUUV lineages co-circulating in Latvia: one previously described from Russia and a novel one that appears to be endemic. The Latvian lineage (LAT) is considerably divergent and sever ...201222170553
gene expression of estrogen receptors in pbmc from patients with puumala-virus infection.abstract: the influence of estrogen signaling on infectious diseases is not fully known. males seem to be more susceptible to infections than females. this has also been noted for the scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by puumala hantavirus (puuv). to investigate the differences in estrogen receptors in relation to sex and clinical severity, 20 patients (10 males, 10 females) with confirmed puuv infection was studied. real-time pcr was performed for analyzin ...201222266976
a unifying hypothesis and a single name for a complex globally emerging infection: hantavirus disease. 201222068273
induction of protective immunity in a syrian hamster model against a cytopathogenic strain of andes virus.andes virus (andv) is responsible for the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases in argentina and neighboring countries, with moderate to high case-fatality rates. andv has some particular features, which make it unique among other members of the hantavirus genus such as person-to-person transmission and causing a disease similar to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the hamster as an animal model. the kinetics of replication in vero e6 cells of an andv strain isolated in argentina, called andes/arg, ...201222095538
pathogenicity of a natural reassortant hantavirus cgrn9415 in newborn rats and newborn mice.to better understand the pathogenicity and infectivity of a natural reassortant cgrn9415 generated from hantaan virus (htnv) and seoul virus (seov), cgrn9415, htnv 76-118, and seov l99 were used to infect newborn kunming (km) mice and newborn wistar rats. in km mice, there was no statistic difference between the death rate with cgrn9415 and that with l99, while 76-118 killed all mice even at low dosage; cgrn9415 killed all infected rats like l99 at the dosage of 105 ffu while no death occurred i ...201222258864
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome clinical findings: evaluating a surveillance case definition.abstract clinical cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) can be challenging to differentiate from other acute respiratory diseases, which can lead to delays in diagnosis, treatment, and disease reporting. rapid onset of severe disease occurs, at times before diagnostic test results are available. this study's objective was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients that would indicate hps to aid in detection and reporting. test results of blood samples from u.s. patients suspect ...201222214273
sin nombre hantavirus decreases survival of male deer mice.how pathogens affect their hosts is a key question in infectious disease ecology, and it can have important influences on the spread and persistence of the pathogen. sin nombre virus (snv) is the etiological agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in humans. a better understanding of snv in its reservoir host, the deer mouse, could lead to improved predictions of the circulation and persistence of the virus in the mouse reservoir, and could help identify the factors that lead to increased h ...201222218940
atypical severe puumala hantavirus infection and virus sequence analysis of the patient and regional reservoir host.nephropathia epidemica (ne) caused by puumala hantavirus (puuv) is a mild variant of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which is endemic in germany. we describe the case of a 67-year-old man initially presenting with acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma, an atypical clinical presentation of puuv infection. subsequently, the patient developed a severe course of disease additionally complicated by profound hepatitis and interstitial nephritis, both phenomena which are rarely described in as ...201222958255
[study on comprehensive monitoring of mouse and effect of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine in high prevalence areas of natural focus infectious disease of zhejiang province in 1994--2010].to study the comprehensive monitoring mechanism of mouse and the effect of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) vaccine in the high prevalence areas of natural focus infectious disease of zhejiang province in 1994 - 2010.201223363865
seroepidemiological study reveals regional co-occurrence of lassa- and hantavirus antibodies in upper guinea, west africa.to assess the public health relevance of lassa arenavirus and hantavirus infections in a subpopulation of recently febrile patients.201223279760
[viral etiology of community acquired pneumonia among adults admitted to a general hospital].there is paucity of information about viral etiology of community acquired pneumonia in adults.201223282770
[genotype of hantavirus in zhejiang province].to identify the genotype and clades of hantavirus (hv) in zhejiang province.201223547455
Severe pulmonary involvement in a case attributed to domestically acquired seoul hantavirus in the United States.Hantavirus is known to cause 2 distinct clinical syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Seoul virus is an Old World hantavirus known to cause HFRS. We report a case attributed to domestically acquired Seoul hantavirus with prominent pulmonary involvement and a fatal outcome.201222042876
Do viral infections mimic bacterial sepsis? The role of microvascular permeability: A review of mechanisms and methods.A dysregulated immune response and functional immunosuppression have been considered the major mechanisms of the bacterial sepsis syndrome. More recently, the loss of endothelial barrier function and resultant microvascular leak have been found to be a key determinant of the pathogenesis of bacterial sepsis. Whether a similar paradigm applies to systemic viral syndromes is not known. Answering this question has far-reaching implications for the development of future anti-viral therapeutic strate ...201222068147
Rodent-Borne Hantaviruses in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand.In order to evaluate the circulation of hantaviruses present in southeast Asia, a large scale survey of small mammal species was carried out at seven main sites in the region (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Thailand). Small scale opportunistic trapping was also performed at an eighth site (Cambodia). Using a standard IFA test, IgG antibodies reacting to Hantaan virus antigens were detected at six sites. Antibody prevalence at each site varied from 0 to 5.6% with antibodies detec ...201122124701
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, united states, 1993-2009.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe respiratory illness identified in 1993. since its identification, the centers for disease control and prevention has obtained standardized information about and maintained a registry of all laboratory-confirmed hps cases in the united states. during 1993-2009, a total of 510 hps cases were identified. case counts have varied from 11 to 48 per year (case-fatality rate 35%). however, there were no trends suggesting increasing or decreasing case count ...201121762572
[investigation on the natural infectious status of hantaviruses among small mammals in longquan city, zhejiang province].to investigate the situation of the natural infection of hantaviruses (hv) in small mammals and to provide evidence for the control and prevention of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in longquan area, zhejiang province.201121781480
pygmy rice rat as potential host of castelo dos sonhos hantavirus.to study the dynamics of wild rodent populations and identify potential hosts for hantavirus, we conducted an eco-epidemiologic study in campo novo do parecis, mato grosso state, brazil. we detected and genetically characterized castelo dos sonhos virus found in a species of pygmy rice rat (oligoryzomys utiaritensis).201121801642
infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by andes hantavirus enhances pro-inflammatory state, the secretion of active mmp-9 and indirectly enhances endothelial permeability.abstract:201121569520
hantavirus infection in suspected dengue cases from state of ceará, brazil. 201122231261
a multi-structured epidemic problem with direct and indirect transmission in heterogeneous environments.in this work, we analyse a deterministic epidemic mathematical model motivated by the propagation of a hantavirus (puumala hantavirus) within a bank vole population (clethrionomys glareolus). the host population is split into juvenile and adult individuals. a heterogeneous spatial chronological age and infection age structure is considered, and also indirect transmission via the environment. maturation rates for juvenile individuals are adult density-dependent. for the reaction-diffusion systems ...201122873589
[a study of immunoassay by using quantum dots to detect hantavirus infection].to develop a new method to detect anti-hantavirus igg antibodies (hv igg) based on quantum dots (qds) and indirect immune technique.201122734244
[hantavirus as important emerging agents in south america].the dawning of the 20th century was marked by the emergence of new infectious disease agents and the appearance of others previously thought controlled. both phenomena were possibly connected with ecological disturbances that led to the recognition of a dramatic climate change, of which the effects are only now becoming noticeable. among the variety of agents to be considered, the many new viruses stand out, not only for their numerical proliferation, but also for their genetic versatility. it i ...201122674322
[the epidemiological, epizootological, and etiological characteristics of the 2006-2007 outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the tambov region].the findings suggest that there are natural foci of hantavirus infection in the tambov region. there is evidence that dobrava/belgrade hantavirus (dob-aa) was a leading etiological agent in the outbreak of the disease in the winter of 2006-2007. epidemiological analysis showed that the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) afflicted the region during november to april, by reaching its peak in january (52.2%). among the patients with hfrs, rural dwellers were 91%. people were i ...201122359949
estimating duration of infection with avidity assays: potential limitations and recommendations for improvement.recent infections often have higher pathogen loads. the number of recent infections can therefore be used to estimate transmission rates in a host population. antibody avidity assays are an emerging technique to infer infection age in both domestic and wild animals. these assays have the potential to supplant intensive mark-recapture efforts for identification of recent infections, but their results may be confounded by antibody titer. we examined the effectiveness of an avidity assay for identi ...201122311097
hantavirus rna not detected in ixodes ricinus ticks.a total of 174 unfed ixodes ricinus ticks (104 nymphs, 36 males, and 34 females) collected in the roztocze national park in eastern poland were examined by the pcr and nested pcr methods for the presence of hantavirus rna. none of the examined ixodes ricinus specimens showed the presence of the hantavirus-specific rna, in spite of using 2 genetic markers and the clearly positive results obtained with the positive control. thus, a hypothesis about the possible participation of ticks in the transm ...201122216828
an emerging infectious cause of renal impairment in the uk.hantaviruses are endemic in many central european countries, particularly the balkans, infection causing non-specific 'flu-like symptoms and renal dysfunction which is self-limiting in the majority of cases. in this case, there was a diagnostic delay, resulting in numerous unnecessary investigations, prolonged hospital stay and almost an invasive renal biopsy. a travel history is therefore essential, to establish travel to an endemic region within the previous 2-6 weeks. with increasing travel a ...201122674588
High pentraxin-3 plasma levels associate with thrombocytopenia in acute Puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica.Our aim was to investigate whether plasma levels of the long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) associate with the severity of Puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (NE). Sixty-one prospectively identified consecutively hospitalized NE patients were examined. Plasma PTX3, interleukin (IL)-6, terminal complement complex SC5b-9, complement component C3, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, sodium, kynurenine, and tryptophan levels, as well as the blood cell count, were determined for up to five conse ...201121901638
an unusual cause of a usual presentation. hantavirus infection. 201121868815
the structure of the hantavirus zinc finger domain is conserved and represents the only natively folded region of the gn cytoplasmic tail.hantaviruses, of the family bunyaviridae, are present throughout the world and cause a variety of infections ranging from the asymptomatic to mild and severe hemorrhagic fevers. hantaviruses are enveloped anti-sense rna viruses that contain three genomic segments that encode for a nucleocapsid protein, two membrane glycoproteins (gn and gc), and an rna polymerase. recently, the pathogenicity of hantaviruses has been mapped to the carboxyl end of the 150 residue gn cytoplasmic tail. the gn tail h ...201122203819
polymorphisms of pai-1 and platelet gp ia may associate with impairment of renal function and thrombocytopenia in puumala hantavirus infection.introduction: puumala virus (puuv) infection is a viral hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) characterized by thrombocytopenia and acute impairment of renal function. we aimed to assess whether genetic polymorphisms of platelet antigens together with those of von willebrand factor (vwf) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) correlate with disease severity. patients and methods 172 consecutive hospital-treated patients with serologically confirmed acute puuv infection were included. ...201122133274
Short report: Genetic diversity of Thottapalayam virus, a Hantavirus harbored by the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) in Nepal.Despite the recent discovery of genetically divergent hantaviruses in shrews of multiple species in widely separated geographic regions, data are unavailable about the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a hantavirus originally isolated from an Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) captured in southern India more than four decades ago. To bridge this knowledge gap, the S, M, and L segments of hantavirus RNA were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain rea ...201121896819
preparation and evaluation of recombinant severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein for detection of total antibodies in human and animal sera by double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.the recent emergence of the human infection confirmed to be caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) in china is of global concern. safe diagnostic immunoreagents for determination of human and animal seroprevalence in epidemiological investigations are urgently needed. this paper describes the cloning and expression of the nucleocapsid (n) protein of sftsv. an n-protein-based double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system was set up to detect ...201122135253
cytokine expression during early and late phase of acute puumala hantavirus infection.abstract: background: hantaviruses of the family bunyaviridae are emerging zoonotic pathogens which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the old world and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the new world. an immune-mediated pathogenesis is discussed for both syndromes. the aim of our study was to investigate cytokine expression during the course of acute puumala hantavirus infection. results: we retrospectively studied 64 patients hospitalised with acute puumala hantavirus ...201122085404
hantavirus and acute appendicitis-the diagnosis behind the diagnosis?a 33-year-old man with a history of acute lower abdominal pain was admitted to the emergency room. after laparoscopic appendectomy and pathological confirmed acute appendicitis the patient developed thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. serological testing for hantaviruses revealed a positive result for puuv igg and igm. immunohistochemical work-up detected puuv antigen in endothelial cells of capillaries and larger vessels. the high percentage of patients with hantavirus infection and sever ...201122169597
[the expression and bioactivity of s gene in vero-e6 cells using baculovirus vector].the s gene of a hanta virus (hv) z10 strain was cloned into a baculovirus shuttle bacmid pdual-cmv contained a cmv promoter to generated a recombinant baculovirus bac-pdual-cmv-hvs, then the recombinant baculovirus was transfected into vero-e6 cell. the cells with recombinant baculovirus were applied to the detection of hv antiserum.201122097607
clusters of spatial, temporal, and space-time distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in liaoning province, northeastern china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantavirus, with characteristics of fever, hemorrhage, kidney damage, and hypotension. hfrs is recognized as a notifiable public health problem in china, and liaoning province is one of the most seriously affected areas with the most cases in china. it is necessary to investigate the spatial, temporal, and space-time distribution of confirmed cases of hfrs in liaoning province, china for future research into risk fa ...201121867563
identification of three novel ctl epitopes within nucleocapsid protein of hantaan virus.hantaan virus (htnv) is a member of the hantavirus genus that causes human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. the ctl response seems to play a key role in control of viral infection, but only a few htnv epitopes recognized by the ctls have been reported. herein, we screened a panel of overlapping peptides covering the htnv nucleocapsid protein by elispot assays for those that can elicit ifn-γ production in vitro. three novel cd8(+) ctl epitopes, n197-205 (ryrtavcgl), n245-25 ...201122111596
Imaging of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: a potential bioterrorism agent of military significance.Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a potentially fatal infectious disease with worldwide distribution. Its etiologic agents are viruses of the genus Hantavirus of the virus family Bunyaviridae. Hypothetical ease of production and distribution of these agents, with their propensity to incapacitate victims and overwhelm health care resources, lend themselves as significant potential biological agents of terrorism. HFRS has protean clinical manifestations, which may mimic upper respira ...201122165665
modeling potential distribution of oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the andes virus (genus: hantavirus) reservoir, in argentina.we constructed a model to predict the potential distribution of oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the reservoir of andes virus (genus: hantavirus), in argentina. we developed an extensive database of occurrence records from published studies and our own surveys and compared two methods to model the probability of o. longicaudatus presence; logistic regression and maxent algorithm. the environmental variables used were tree, grass and bare soil cover from modis imagery and, altitude and 19 bioclimatic ...201122130568
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated by orchitis.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a disease caused by viruses of the family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus. hfrs from dobrava virus (dobv) is a seldom reported disease in albania. clinically hfrs is manifested as mild, moderate, or severe. therefore, the number of cases of hantavirus' infection may be underestimated, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of many acute infections, hematologic diseases, acute abdominal diseases and renal diseases complicated by acute r ...201121847761
Detection of two morphologically cryptic species from the cursor complex (Akodon spp; Rodentia, Cricetidae) through the use of RAPD markers.The cursor complex is a group within the Akodon genus of South American rodents, formed by Akodon cursor and A. montensis. Correct distinction between these two species is of great importance since they can harbor different Hantavirus strains. These species are only distinguishable by means of karyotypic or internal anatomic features, requiring dissection; recently, some other genetic methods have become available. We developed RAPD markers capable of distinguishing between A. cursor and A ...201122179960
epidemic intelligence service investigations of respiratory illness, 1946-2005.infectious respiratory pathogens were the suspected cause of 480 outbreaks investigated by the centers for disease control and prevention's epidemic intelligence service officers during 1946-2005. all epidemic-assistance investigation reports and associated articles from scientific journals were reviewed. investigations identified 25 different infectious respiratory pathogens including, most frequently, tuberculosis, influenza, and legionellosis. other bacterial-, viral-, and fungal-related path ...201122135392
characterization of natural killer cell phenotype and function during recurrent human hsv-2 infection.human natural killer (nk) cell differentiation, characterized by a loss of nkg2a in parallel with the acquisition of nkg2c, kirs, and cd57 is stimulated by a number of virus infections, including infection with human cytomegalovirus (cmv), hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1. here, we addressed if hsv-2 infection in a similar way drives nk cell differentiation towards an nkg2a(-)nkg2c(+)kir(+)cd57(+) phenotype. in contrast to infection with cmv, hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1, rec ...201122110712
phylogenetic exploration of hantaviruses in paraguay reveals reassortment and host switching in south america.abstract:201121838900
notes from the field: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome --- maine, april 2011.on april 25, 2011, the maine center for disease control and prevention was notified of a suspected case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in a man aged 70 years with no recent out-of-state travel. the maine resident went to a community hospital in early april with a 5-day history of fatigue, decreased appetite, weakness, chills, myalgias, and progressive shortness of breath. on examination, he was hypoxic and tachypneic. the patient was admitted with laboratory evidence of acute renal insuf ...201121681176
hantavirus ecology in rodent populations in three protected areas of argentina.in this study, we identified hantavirus genotypes and their reservoirs and evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of the virus in rodent population in three protected areas of argentina over 3ôçâyears (2007-2010). a total of 837 rodents were captured with an effort of 22ôçâ117 trap-nights. we detected the genotype lechiguanas in oligoryzomys nigripes and o.-áflavescens and pergamino in akodon azarae. there was no correlation between seroprevalence and trap success of the host. the propo ...201121733047
[acute myopia].this paper presents a case of ocular involvement during acute renal failure caused by hantavirus. a 34-year-old man suffered from sudden visual loss during acute onset fever with nausea and renal failure. the ophthalmologic examination showed myopia in both eyes and no signs of infection but virological studies revealed an infection with hantavirus. during treatment of the renal failure the myopia improved spontaneously. transient myopia is a typical ocular involvement during infections with han ...201121688053
comparison of innate immune responses to pathogenic and putative non-pathogenic hantaviruses in vitro.hantaviruses are human pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. the mechanisms accounting for the differences in virulence between pathogenic and non-pathogenic hantaviruses are not well known. we have examined the pathogenesis of different hantavirus groups by comparing the innate immune responses induced in the host cell following infection by pathogenic (sin nombre, hantaan, and seoul virus) and putative non-pathogenic (prospect hill, ...201121820021
hantavirus infection-hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: the first case series reported in romania and review of the literature.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by hantaviruses, a group of rna viruses belonging to the bunyaviridae family. humans may get the disease by contamination with excreta of carrier rodents. the disease typically manifests with the triad fever-thrombocytopenia-acute kidney injury (aki). although its global prevalence seems to be increasing, hantavirus infection is still commonly overlooked, because of its clinical polymorphism and non-specific sym ...201121678038
Incidence rate for hantavirus infections without pulmonary syndrome, Panama.During 2001-2007, to determine incidence of all hantavirus infections, including those without pulmonary syndrome, in western Panama, we conducted 11 communitywide surveys. Among 1,129 persons, antibody prevalence was 16.5%-60.4%. Repeat surveys of 476 found that patients who seroconverted outnumbered patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome by 14 to 1.201122000376
Communicable diseases prioritized for surveillance and epidemiological research: results of a standardized prioritization procedure in Germany, 2011.To establish strategic priorities for the German national public health institute (RKI) and guide the institute's mid-term strategic decisions, we prioritized infectious pathogens in accordance with their importance for national surveillance and epidemiological research.201121991334
The Andes Hantavirus NSs protein is expressed from the viral Small mRNA by a leaky scanning mechanism.The small messenger RNA (SmRNA) of all Bunyaviridae encodes the nucleocapsid (N) protein. In 4 out of 5 genera in the Bunyaviridae the SmRNA encodes an additional non-structural protein denominated NSs. In this study we show that Andes hantavirus (ANDV) SmRNA encodes a NSs protein. Data show that the NSs protein is expressed in the context of an ANDV infection. Additionally, our results suggest that translation initiation from the NSs-initiation codon is mediated by ribosomal subunits that have ...201122156529
In vitro and in vivo activity of ribavirin against Andes virus infection.Pathogenic hantaviruses are a closely related group of rodent-borne viruses which are responsible for two distinct diseases in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS, otherwise known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS). The antiviral effect of ribavirin against Old World hantaviruses, most notably Hantaan virus, is well documented; however, only a few studies have addressed its inhibitory effect on New World hantaviruses. In the present stu ...201121853152
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: need for prevention and early diagnosis. 201121886056
A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010.Hantavirus infections are reported from many countries in Europe and with highly variable annual case numbers. In 2010, more than 2,000 human cases were reported in Germany, and numbers above the baseline have also been registered in other European countries. Depending on the virus type human infections are characterised by mild to severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The member laboratories of the European Network for diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases present here an ove ...201121924118
a model system for in vitro studies of bank vole borne viruses.the bank vole (myodes glareolus) is a common small mammal in europe and a natural host for several important emerging zoonotic viruses, e.g. puumala hantavirus (puuv) that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). hantaviruses are known to interfere with several signaling pathways in infected human cells, and hfrs is considered an immune-mediated disease. there is no in vitro-model available for infectious experiments in bank vole cells, nor tools for analyses of bank vole immune acti ...201122194969
antigenic characterization of expressed complete and different truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of hantaan virus by monoclonal antibodies.the nucleocapsid protein (np) of hantavirus has been shown to be highly immunogenic in laboratory animals and humans, and it induces an early and long-lasting humoral immune response during hantavirus infection. in the present study, entire and three partially truncated open reading frames (orf) of np genes of hantaan virus (htnv) strain 76-118, a prototype of hantavirus, were amplified and then cloned in prokaryotic expression vectors. the recombinant whole np and truncated nps were expressed i ...201122008071
application of truncated nucleocapsid protein (n) for serotyping elisa of murinae-associated hantavirus infection in rats.truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (trns) that lack n-terminally located cross-reactive epitopes of four murinae rodent-associated hantaviruses, seoul virus (seov), thailand virus, hantaan virus (htnv) and dobrava-berglade virus, were produced by using a baculovirus expression system. elisa with the trns as antigens enabled serotyping of immune sera from rats experimentally inoculated with the corresponding hantaviruses as cut-off od values of 60% to those to whole n of htnv. the trn ba ...201121937858
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support improves survival of patients with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome refractory to medical treatment.the aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) support in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) patients with a predicted mortality of 100%, and the complications associated with this treatment modality and different cannulation techniques.201121900022
efficient production of hantaan and puumala pseudovirions for viral tropism and neutralization studies.puumala (puuv) and hantaan (htnv) viruses are hantaviruses within the family bunyaviridae and associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. little is known about how these viruses interact with host cells, though pathogenic hantaviruses interact with α(v)β(3) integrin. to study host cell interactions and rapidly test the ability of antibodies to prevent infection, we produced htnv and puuv pseudovirions on a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) core. similar to replication- ...201122209230
pathogenesis and host response in syrian hamsters following intranasal infection with andes virus.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), also referred to as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), is a rare but frequently fatal disease caused by new world hantaviruses. in humans hps is associated with severe pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock; however, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear largely due to a lack of suitable animal models for the study of disease progression. in this study we monitored clinical, virological, pathophysiological parameters and host immunological ...201122194683
detection of puumala and rift valley fever virus by quantitative rt-pcr and virus viability tests in samples of blood dried and stored on filter paper.haemorrhagic fever viruses cause emerging infections worldwide, and blood or serum is the main sample used for diagnosis. however, storage and transportation of such samples from remote areas to regional laboratories may be complicated and expensive. in this study, a novel approach was evaluated for the detection of puumala hantavirus (puuv) rna and rift valley fever virus (rvfv) rna. whole-blood samples spiked with viable virus particles were tested in parallel with clinical samples from patien ...201121946288
infection of hantaan virus strain aa57 leading to pulmonary disease in laboratory mice.hantaan virus (htnv) is a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the pathogenesis of hfrs has not been fully elucidated, mainly due to the lack of a suitable animal model. in laboratory mice, htnv causes encephalitis. however, that symptom is dissimilar to human hantavirus infections. we found that htnv strain aa57 (isolated from apodemus agrarius in far east russia) caused pulmonary disease in 2-week-old icr mice. the clinical signs of the infected mice were piloerecti ...201122044619
subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with epidemic hemorrhagic fever: a rare case report.nervous system injuries associated with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) are not rarely seen. however, cerebrovascular disease arising from ehf is rarely reported in the literature. a 50-year-old male patient suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah). no abnormal condition was found in intracranial vascular digital subtraction angiography (dsa). but, this patient presented with positive hantavirus-igm and igg, with typical clinical process, which lead to the diagnosis of ehf followed by sah. t ...201122135608
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe disease characterized by a rapid onset of pulmonary edema followed by respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. the hps associated viruses are members of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. hantaviruses have a worldwide distribution and are broadly split into the new world hantaviruses, which includes those causing hps, and the old world hantaviruses [including the prototype hantaan virus (htnv)], which are associated with a different disea ...201121945215
t cells and pathogenesis of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.we previously hypothesized that increased capillary permeability observed in both hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) may be caused by hantavirus-specific cytotoxic t cells attacking endothelial cells presenting viral antigens on their surface based on clinical observations and in vitro experiments. in hcps, hantavirus-specific t cell responses positively correlated with disease severity. in hfrs, in one report, contrary to hcps, t cell res ...201121994770
genetic diversity of hantaviruses in mexico: identification of three novel hantaviruses from neotominae rodents.a variety of hantaviruses are harbored by rodents in north and south america, some of which can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. to obtain greater evolutionary insight into hantaviruses in the americas, a total of 211 rodents were captured in the mexican states of guerrero and morelos in 2006. anti-hantavirus antibodies were detected in 27 of 211 serum samples (12.8%) by elisa. the distribution of seropositive rodents was: 17 peromyscus beatae, 1 megadontomys thomasi, 1 neotoma picta, 6 reit ...201122138671
vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects hamsters against lethal challenge with andes virus.andes virus (andv) is a highly pathogenic south american hantavirus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). a high case fatality rate, the potential for human-to-human transmission, the capacity to infect via aerosolization, and the absence of effective therapies make it imperative that a safe, fast-acting, and effective andv vaccine be developed. we generated and characterized a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vector expressing the andv surface glycoprotein precursor (vsvδ ...201121917979
hantavirus outbreak in western europe: reservoir host infection dynamics related to human disease patterns.within europe, puumala virus (puuv) is the causal agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans, a zoonotic disease with increasing significance in recent years. in a region of belgium with a historically high incidence of ne, bank voles (the puuv reservoir hosts), were monitored for puuv igg antibody prevalence in nine study sites before, during, and after the highest ne outbreak recorded in belgium in 2005. we found that the highest numbers of puuv igg-positive voles coincided with the peak o ...201120450527
prospective study on ocular findings in acute puumala hantavirus infection in hospitalised patients.to appraise the ocular manifestations of puumala hantavirus evoked haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome nephropathia epidemica (ne) and to clarify the mechanisms of ocular changes in the largest series of patients examined to date.201120679079
a possible case of hantavirus infection in a borneo orangutan and its conservation implication.natural infection of hantavirus in orangutans has never been reported.201120722771
non-human primates in outdoor enclosures: risk for infection with rodent-borne hantaviruses.different species of non-human primates have been exploited as animal disease models for human hantavirus infections. to study the potential risk of natural hantavirus infection of non-human primates, we investigated serum samples from non-human primates of three species living in outdoor enclosures of the german primate center (gpc), göttingen, located in a hantavirus endemic region of central germany. for that purpose we used serological assays based on recombinant antigens of the bank vole (m ...201120727685
puumala virus infection: radiologic findings.a 33-year-old male patient was admitted to our nephrology department with rapidly deteriorating general health, fever, respiratory difficulties, and acute renal failure. computed tomography of the thorax revealed interstitial edema with thickening of the interlobular septa, peribronchial cuffing, ground-glass opacities, and small pleural and pericardial effusions. polymerase chain reaction tests verified puumala virus infection. the patient recovered with supportive treatment. hantavirus infecti ...201120736852
genetic evidence for the presence of two distinct hantaviruses associated with apodemus mice in croatia and analysis of local strains.in europe, dobrava-belgrade (dobv), saaremaa (saav), and puumala (puuv) viruses are known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). all three hantaviruses are now found in croatia. lung tissue samples of 315 apodemus mice trapped in 2003-2004 were screened for the presence of hantaviral n-ag and 20 mice (6.3%) were found either strongly positive or weak/suspected-positive. partial sequences of hantavirus m and s segments were recovered by rt-pcr from six mice and subjected to (phylo ...201121108346
detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, hanta, and sandfly fever viruses by real-time rt-pcr.the development of sensitive and specific nucleic acid diagnostic assays for viral pathogens is essential for proper medical intervention. this chapter describes four fluorescence-based pcr assays to detect the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchfv), andes (andv), hantaan (hanv), and sandfly fever sicilian (sfsv) viruses. these assays are based on species-specific hydrolysis probes targeting the nucleocapsid protein gene for cchfv and sfsv and the glycoprotein gene for andv and hanv. all four a ...201121116810
development and application of a flow cytometric potency assay for dna vaccines.we have developed a rapid, reliable, and sensitive quantitative flow cytometric assay to measure the in vitro potency and stability of dna vaccines to be delivered either by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (pmed) or by electroporation. the method involves transfecting cells with test dna and comparing the measured antigen expression to that generated with expression from known quantities of reference material dna. the assay was adapted for performance under good laboratory practice (glp) gu ...201121219978
specific humoral reaction of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) patients in china to recombinant nucleocapsid proteins from european hantaviruses.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in east asia and europe. this study was initiated to investigate the reactivity of antibodies in sera of chinese hfrs patients with the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rnps) of hantaan virus (htnv), dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv), and puumala virus (puuv), which are the prevalent hantavirus strains in europe. forty-eight pairs of acute and convalescent sera were collected from hfrs patients in hubei, china (1985-2002) and tested by indire ...201121222012
time to revise the paradigm of hantavirus syndromes? hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by european hantavirus.hantaviruses have previously been recognised to cause two separate syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in eurasia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the americas. however, increasing evidence suggests that this dichotomy is no longer fruitful when recognising human hantavirus disease and understanding the pathogenesis. herein are presented three cases of severe european puumala hantavirus infection that meet the hps case definition. the clinical and pathological findings we ...201121234633
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: encephalitis caused by virus andes.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) are rodent-borne emerging diseases caused by members of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. some species of hantavirus may cause encephalitis, but this is the first report in andes virus associated to hps.201121240581
interview with pedro fernando da costa vasconcelos, md, phd. interview by vicki glaser. 201121261512
hantavirus infection during a stay in a mountain hut in northern slovakia.hantaviruses in europe cause human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) with various degree of severity. the most severe form is caused by the dobrava/belgrade virus (dobv), associated with the rodent apodemus flavicollis. during the last decade cases of infection caused by dobv have been reported in central europe. the present study is a report on two czech patients with severe hfrs who were infected during their stay in a mountain hut in northern slovakia. the two patients, combined wi ...201121264871
serological evidence of thailand virus-related hantavirus infection among suspected leptospirosis patients in kandy, sri lanka.a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the current prevalence of leptospirosis and hantaviral infections, and the socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors of infected patients, in kandy, sri lanka. this report discusses the serological evidence of hantavirus infections among 105 suspected leptospirosis patients, 8 of whom had hantavirus antibodies. serotyping elisa showed that these 8 patients had high optical density values for thailand virus. most of the sera showed that ...201121266762
delayed density-dependent prevalence of sin nombre virus infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) in central and western montana.understanding how transmission of zoonoses takes place within reservoir populations, such as sin nombre virus (snv) among deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), is important in determining the risk of exposure to other hosts, including humans. in this study, we examined the relationship between deer mouse populations and the prevalence of antibodies to snv, a system where the effect of host population abundance on transmission is debated. we examined the relationship between abundance of deer mice ...201121269997
genetic evidence of hantavirus infections in wild rodents from northwestern colombia.this report builds on recent serological evidence for the presence of hantavirus in northern colombia by providing sequence-specific and phylogenetic data of hantavirus infections in wild rodents. from august 2007 to august 2008, 354 rodent specimens representing four families were collected in the northwestern antioquia region of colombia. antibodies reactive to sin nombre virus and maciel virus antigens by igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found in 15 of 109 (14%) cherries cane rats ( ...201121284514
inactivation of hantaviruses by n-ethylmaleimide preserves virion integrity.thiol groups of cysteine residues are crucial for the infectivity of various enveloped viruses, but their role in the infectivity of viruses of the family bunyaviridae has thus far not been studied. this report shows that thiol groups are essential to the infectivity of hantaviruses. alkylation of the thiol functional groups using the membrane-permeable compound n-ethylmaleimide (nem) and membrane-impermeable compound 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (dtnb) showed nem to be a highly effecti ...201121289161
hantavirus infection in istanbul, turkey. 201121291612
genetic detection of dobrava/belgrade virus, bulgaria. 201121291615
characterization of the interaction between hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) and ribosomal protein s19 (rps19).hantaviruses, members of the bunyaviridae family, are negative-stranded emerging rna viruses and category a pathogens that cause serious illness when transmitted to humans through aerosolized excreta of infected rodent hosts. hantaviruses have evolved a novel translation initiation mechanism, operated by nucleocapsid protein (n), which preferentially facilitates the translation of viral mrnas. n binds to the ribosomal protein s19 (rps19), a structural component of the 40 s ribosomal subunit. in ...201121296889
hantavirus protein interactions regulate cellular functions and signaling responses.rodent-borne pathogenic hantaviruses cause two severe and often lethal zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in the americas. currently, no us fda-approved therapeutics or vaccines are available for hfrs/hcps. infections with hantaviruses are not lytic, and it is currently not known exactly why infections in humans cause disease. a better understanding of how hantaviruses interfere with normal cell functions and ...201121171876
concomitant influence of helminth infection and landscape on the distribution of puumala hantavirus in its reservoir, myodes glareolus.puumala virus, the agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), is the most prevalent hantavirus in europe. the risk for human infection seems to be strongly correlated with the prevalence of puumala virus (puuv) in populations of its reservoir host species, the bank vole myodes glareolus. in humans, the infection risks of major viral diseases are affected by the presence of helminth infections. we therefore proposed to analyse the influence of both helminth community and landscape on the prevalence of ...201121303497
genetic diversity of imjin virus in the ussuri white-toothed shrew (crocidura lasiura) in the republic of korea, 2004-2010.recently, imjin virus (mjnv), a genetically distinct hantavirus, was isolated from lung tissues of the ussuri white-toothed shrew (crocidura lasiura) captured near the demilitarized zone in the republic of korea. to clarify the genetic diversity of mjnv, partial m- and l-segment sequences were amplified from lung tissues of 12 of 37 (32.4%) anti-mjnv igg antibody-positive ussuri white-toothed shrews captured between 2004 and 2010. a 531-nucleotide region of the m segment (coordinates 2,255 to 2, ...201121303516
[bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma due to an infection with hantavirus].a poor general condition of patients with hemorrhagic fever and elevated creatinine should raise suspicion of a systemic infection with hantavirus. this can often also cause ocular changes. above all, changes of intraocular pressure, in our case bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma, due to edema and hemorrhage in the ciliary body result in anterolateral rotation of the iris-lens diaphragm with closure of the chamber angle. it can also cause a transient myopia, and intraretinal hemorrhages can ...201121327947
high activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is associated with renal insufficiency in puumala hantavirus induced nephropathia epidemica.nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. the severity of ne varies greatly. the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) activity is associated with the severity of ne. a prospectively collected cohort of 102 consecutive patients with acute serologically confirmed ne was examined. serum kynurenine, tryptophan, creatinine, crp, and blood cell count were measured for up to 5 consecutive days ...201121328391
rodent community structure and andes virus infection in sylvan and peridomestic habitats in northwestern patagonia, argentina.modifications of natural habitat in peridomestic rural areas could affect original rodent community composition, diversity, and evenness. in zoonoses such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, the presence of a diverse community can dilute the impact of the principal reservoir, reducing risk to humans. the goal of this study was to examine rodent community composition, abundance of andes virus (andv) host (oligoryzomys longicaudatus), andv prevalence, and temporal variability associated with rural p ...201121332352
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