Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. note iii. polypeptides of three influenza virus strains isolated in romania. | an analysis is presented of the nature, number and relative molecular mass of the polypeptides of three influenza virus strains-a/romania 1/73 (h3n2), a/romania 1/75 (h3n2), and b/romania 34/74-isolated during different epidemic outbreaks. the results obtained indicate some similarities between the protein subunits of the two influenza a virus strains (as concerns virus surface and nucleocapsid components) and point out the particular properties of the influenza b strain. | 1976 | 1006977 |
| a comparison of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants admitted to hospital with acute respiratory infections. | among 741 children under 5 years admitted to hospital with respiratory infections during two winters, infection with influenza a virus was diagnosed in 70 (9%), with influenza b virus in 8 (1%), and with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 259 (35%). both influenza virus and rsv infections were diagnosed most frequently in children under the age of one year, and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. influenza illnesses were more severe in boys than girls. both infections occurred mor ... | 1976 | 1069818 |
| reye's syndrome and post-influenza-b hepatotoxicity. | 1975 | 1114852 | |
| structural polypeptides of antigenically distinct strains of influenza b virus. | analyses of the polypeptide composition of influenza b viruses by 13 per cent sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are reported. the viruses contained polypeptides of eight species ranging in molecular weight from 27,000 to 78,000. four of them were glocypeptides and were selectively removed from the surface of the virion by bromelain treatment. one of the blycopeptides was identified as viral neuraminidase. three antigenically distinct strains of influenza virus, b/lee/40, b/massachusetts/1/7 ... | 1975 | 1137502 |
| intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus vaccine in a boys' boarding school. | an influenza b epidemic which occurred in a boys' boarding school during the early part of 1974 is described; 41 per cent of the boys, 30 per cent of the masters and 38 per cent of the house masters developed influenza. the incidence of influenza was similar in all blocks in the school but variable in the boys' houses. the four-day half-term holiday which took place in the middle of the epidemic was of undoubted value in curtailing the spread of infection. intranasal vaccination with a vaccine w ... | 1975 | 1144287 |
| [is there evidence for antigenic drift of influenza c viruses? (author's transl)]. | antigenic differences between the influenza c strains c/1233/47 (taylor), c/paris/1/67 and strains isolated in johannesburg 1967 have been reported (pereira, 1969). our experiments performed with chicken immune sera did not differentiate clearly between the strains c/paris/1/67 and c/jhb/4/67, however, antigenic differences between the strains c/1233/47 and the strains isolated in 1967 could be confirmed. these antigenic differences were found to be of approximately the same degree as those obse ... | 1975 | 1154916 |
| reye's syndrome: epidemiologic and viral studies, 1963-1974. | fifty-eight children with reye's syndrome (rs) confirmed by liver biopsy were treated at the university of cincinnati between 1963 and 1974. cases were clustered in the winter and spring with the peak in february and march. these coincided with the occurrence of influenza and, numerically, were associated more closely with influenza b than with influenza a. six of the 58 cases were associated with chickenpox. twenty-six children with rs were seen from 1963 to 1971, before the beginning of a syst ... | 1975 | 1155430 |
| influenza surveillance in the united states 1972-1974. | individual cases of influenza are not reported nationally to the center for disease control (cdc). other methods of surveillance, therefore, must be used to estimate the extent and impact of influenza in the country. in the past, cdc has performed telephone surveys during the respiratory season and tabulated mortality due to pneumonia and influenza from 121 cities. the telephone data vary considerably from state to state and are only a general assessment of influenza activity. tabulation of infl ... | 1975 | 1163528 |
| nosocomial influenza infection as a cause of intercurrent fevers in infants. | all patients on an infants' ward manifesting intercurrent fevers were studied for viral and bacterial etiology during a community outbreak of influenza a. during a one-month period, of 29 infants admitted to the ward, 17 were hospitalized for seven or more days. intercurrent fever complicated the course of 13 (76%) of these 17 infants. nosocomially acquired influenza a infection was found in 13 infants. two of these also contracted a dual infection with influenza b. the fever lasted an aver ... | 1975 | 1168894 |
| [epidemiological phenomenon and antigenic study of influenza b]. | 1975 | 1169550 | |
| reye syndrome with associated influenza a and b infection. | in early 1974, seventeen children were treated for reye syndrome. thirteen of these were studied for laboratory evidence of concomitant viral infection. influenza b/hong kong was isolated from the pharynx in four of nine 1974 cases tested. one child had just recovered from varicella. adenovirus type 2 and respiratory syncytial virus were isolated from two additional patients. serologic tests for influenza suggested concomitant or recent influenza b infection in ten of 13 of 1971 cases. during fe ... | 1975 | 1174373 |
| inhibition of the replication of influenza a and b viruses by a nucleoside analogue (ribavirin). | a synthetic nucleoside analogue 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboamide (ribavirin or rtca) inhibits the replication of tissue culture of influenza b virus and also a wide range of influenza a viruses of human, animal and avian origin. the synthesis of influenza virus-induced antigens and also structural and non-structural polypeptides is inhibited by rtca as detected by immunofluorescence and by pulse labelling experiments with [35s]-methionine. the inhibitory effects of rtca on infl ... | 1975 | 1176969 |
| the growth cycle of influenza viruses as studied in touch preparations of the allantoic layer of chick embryos. 4. the growth cycle of influenza b virus: presence of basophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of cam epithelial cells. | the infectious cycle of influenza b virus occurring at the allantoic layer of embryonated eggs has been studied by means of cytological and immunofluorescence techniques utilizing touch preparations. the infectious cycle of the virus resembles closely that of influenza a virus. influenza b virus, regardless of the dose inoculated, affected the strata of the allantoic layer to a different extent. it totally destroyed the surface stratum (major growth cycle) in about 20 hours time when a 10(8) id5 ... | 1975 | 1202873 |
| permanent canine kidney (mdck) cells for isolation and plaque assay of influenza b viruses. | a wide range of influenza b virus strains with various passage histories uniformly formed well-defined clear plaques with high efficiency in cultures of an established line of canine kidney cells (mdck). pfu titers of the viruses assayed in mdck exceeded the titers assayed in ovo. with recently isolated strains such as b/hong kong/5/72 and gifu/2/73, the pfu/eid50 ratios were as high as 100 to 400. mdck cells have been successfully employed for primary isolation of influenza b viruses from throa ... | 1975 | 1214707 |
| the effect of atp on lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) activity and influenza b virus multiplication. | the authors investigated the effect of atp, an energy supplying substance, on the activity of ldh, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway and on the multiplication of influenza virus strain b/singapore in embryonate hen eggs. in the presence of atp the increase in ldh activity could be detected from the first 1-3 hours and became obvious after 24 hours; likewise, virus multiplication was more intensive so that the hemagglutinating (ha) activity appeared 12 hours earlier than in controls and the inc ... | 1975 | 1216689 |
| [comparative study on the properties of influenza b viruses isolated in 1959-1974]. | the biological properties and antigenic structure of the following influenza b virus strains were compared: moscow/likh/59, moscow/106/62, moscow/1/66, hong kong/5/72, yamagata/73 and ussr/01/4. the influenza b virus strains isolated in 1972-1974 differed by hemagglutinin from those isolated in 1959-1966. the variability of hemagglutinin correlated with that of neuraminidase. yamagata/73 virus occupied a special position both with regard to the structure of surface antigens and to some other bio ... | 1975 | 1216839 |
| clinical reactions and serologic response following inactivated monovalent influenza type b vaccine in young children and infants. | a monovalent, zonally purified, inactivated influenza b vaccine was administered to 29 children, 3 to 6 years of age, and 16 infants, 12 to 28 months of age, as a single dose of 0.25 ml containing 250 chick cell agglutinating units. the vaccine was both antigenic and well tolerated in the older group of preschool children. in the infants the vaccine was also antigenic but poorly tolerated clinically. febrile reactions to 102 or greater were seen in 9 of the 16 infants, and two of these infants e ... | 1976 | 1245939 |
| acute myositis associated with influenza b infection. | an epidemic of acute myositis affecting children occurred in association with influenza b infections. the myositis followed the initial influenza-like episode, and almost exclusively involved the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. patients improved without specific treatment and made a complete recovery in four to five days. laboratory studies characteristically showed elevated cpk, sgot values, and a low peripheral white blood cell count. influenza b virus was isolated from 11 of the 17 patients ... | 1976 | 1250660 |
| detection of bacterial antigen in pleural fluid by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | pleural fluid specimens from 87 patients were studied using counterimmunoelectrophoresis with pneumococcal, staphylococcal, and hemophilus influenza b antisera. this method compared favorably with traditional bacteriologic methods and in addition provided a presumptive etiologic diagnosis in more than half of the specimens with negative bacterial cultures. one cross-reaction between h. influenza b antiserum and a pleural fluid specimen with an escherichia coli isolate was observed. | 1976 | 1255310 |
| mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with epidemic influenza. | the in vitro responses to pha (phytohemagglutinin) of lymphocytes from 14 patients with influenza a and 4 patients with influenza b infection were found decreased as compared with the responses to the same mitogen demonstrated in lymphocytes obtained from the same patients after recovery. lymphocytes from 6 of the patients with influenza a were examined for pwm (pokeweed mitogen) stimulability and a decrease was found during the influenza infection. the decrease of pha response during the acute ... | 1976 | 1265448 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity, 1992. | 1992 | 1279227 | |
| [inhibition of the reproduction of the influenza b virus by aprotinin]. | injection of aprotinin, a natural inhibitor of proteinases, into the allantoic cavity of chick embryos infected with influenza b/lee/40 or b/hk/73 virus resulted in inhibition of proteolytic cleavage of virus hemagglutinin ha into ha1 and ha2, thereby decreasing the level of proteolytic activation of the synthesized virus particles. as a result of this inhibition in aprotinin-treated embryos, multicycle virus reproduction was limited and virus yields decreased considerably. the experimental resu ... | 1992 | 1279898 |
| national advisory committee on immunization (naci). statement on influenza vaccination for the 1992-93 season. | 1992 | 1284383 | |
| [the inhibitory effects of catechin derivatives on the activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and dna polymerases]. | catechin derivatives including (-)-epicatechin gallate (ecg), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc) and green tea extract (gte) were found to inhibit the activities of cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1 rt), duck hepatitis b virus replication complexes reverse transcriptase (dhbv rcs rt), herpes simplex virus 1 dna polymerase (hsv-1 dnap) and cow thymus dna polymerase alpha (ct dnap alpha). egcg and ecg were shown to be very potent i ... | 1992 | 1284389 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1991-june 1992. | 1992 | 1285133 | |
| influenza in canada, 1990-91 and 1991-92 season. | 1992 | 1291002 | |
| canadian influenza serosurvey prior to the 1992-1993 season. | 1992 | 1291010 | |
| [influenza b in the winter-spring season of 1991 in children (based on polyclinic and hospital data)]. | 1992 | 1291952 | |
| [seroconversion after vaccine with trivalent influenza vaccine during the epidemic season 1990/1 in poland]. | vaccination was performed by influenza virus vaccine, trivalent type a and b. we vaccinated about 50,000 persons in poland in different groups of age. hi and ni tests were used for testing antibody level for a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/shanghai/16/89 (h3n2) and b/yamagata/16/89. the rise of antibody level was statistically significant. | 1992 | 1296247 |
| [the antiviral action of a modified bacterial ribonuclease]. | the antiviral activity of a bacterial ribonuclease conjugate with chitosane of kamchatka crab (in a form of water soluble chito-oligosaccharides) has been studied. the conjugate inhibitory activity for a and b viruses as well as to sindbis arbovirus in tissue cultures is shown. the preparation efficiency at intramuscular and intranasal administration was observed at experimental influenza infection of white mice. | 1992 | 1302513 |
| [epidemiology of influenza and characteristic etiological factors in the 1990/91 season]. | 1992 | 1305780 | |
| [serologic surveillance of influenza during the epidemic season 1990/91 in poland]. | the level of antibodies was tested in 9 age groups since 6 years up to over 75 years of age for h and n of influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b in epidemic season 1990/91. the highest gmt were found in all age groups for h3-a/shanghai/16/88, much lower for h1-a/taiwan/1/86. the titers were almost the same in all age groups excluding 6-8 years where gmt was much higher. the lowest titers were found for hemagglutinin of b/yamagata/16/88 and different in different age groups. the highest gmt of neurami ... | 1992 | 1305781 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in a large urban center (b.) of romania in 1991]. | the peculiarities of the 1991 influenza epidemics in a big urban centre (b.) of romania were evaluated through clinical and epidemiological active survey and laboratory assays. the results revealed the low rate of endemic morbidity and its significant risk during the fourth trimester as compared to the first, the important implication of the infant population in maintaining the endemic morbidity and of the less than one year old children in the seasonal peaks of the first and fourth trimesters. ... | 1992 | 1308430 |
| evolution of the fusion protein gene of human parainfluenza virus 3. | the nucleotide sequences of the fusion (f) gene of 15 clinical strains of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) isolated between 1959 and 1987 were compared with the f gene sequence of the prototype strain, wash/47885/57. nucleotide sequence diversity was greatest in the noncoding regions of the f gene; however, regions believed to function as transcriptional signals were completely conserved. amino acid sequences were highly conserved and all but a few amino acid substitutions were conservative i ... | 1992 | 1311137 |
| prevention and control of influenza. recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (acip). | these recommendations update information on the vaccine and antiviral agents available for controlling influenza during the 1992-1993 influenza season (superseding the mmwr 1991; 40(no. rr-6): 1-15.) the primary changes include statements about vaccination of persons with known hypersensitivity to eggs or other components of the influenza vaccine, the optimal timing of influenza vaccination, and the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine for 1992-1993. | 1992 | 1316995 |
| [a case of influenza b viral bronchopneumonia followed by ct]. | a 69-year-old male with bronchial asthma was admitted to a hospital with fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. arterial blood gas analysis revealed sever hypoxemia (pao2 54.8 torr, paco2 28.8 torr). chest roentgenogram showed diffuse reticulonodular shadows predominantly in the upper filed and a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion. ct image of the lung showed nodular opacities at the peripheral branches of the pulmonary arteries and bronchi, some of which had become confluent. the broncho ... | 1992 | 1321305 |
| [acute rhabdomyolysis as a complication of the influenza b virus]. | 1992 | 1330021 | |
| [the effect of influenza and para-influenza on the course of ischemic heart disease]. | a retrospective analysis was made of 541 case reports of patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the infectious department with the diagnosis of influenza (n-387) and parainfluenza (n-154). in all the patients, the diagnosis was verified serologically with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test, with a 4-fold and greater increase of the antibody titer in the serum. in part of the patients, it was confirmed by the above test combined with immunofluorescence in examining rhinopha ... | 1992 | 1332205 |
| potential for hepatic and renal dysfunction during influenza b infection, convalescence, and after induction of secondary viremia. | whether infection with influenza b virus alters hepatic function was examined in the ferret. also, the possibility that viral-specific antibodies (ab) could be produced well before their detection in serum was explored. during the febrile period of influenza, reductions in the serum potassium, anion gap, ammonia, albumin and cpk and elevations of the bun, creatinine and the ggtp levels occurred. with convalescence, the electrolytes, bun and creatinine normalized, ffa, sgpt and cpk levels rose an ... | 1992 | 1352541 |
| detection of influenza b virus in throat swabs using the polymerase chain reaction. | an assay protocol based on exploiting the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the direct detection of influenza b virus in throat swabs is described. by the use of pcr with nested primers, it was possible to detect the virus in throat swabs. dilution experiments showed that as little as 1 plaque forming unit of virus was sufficient for detecting the ha gene by the pcr. all throat swab samples from which influenza b virus had been isolated by conventional methods were also positive by the pcr met ... | 1992 | 1360760 |
| worldwide influenza activity. | 1992 | 1366253 | |
| structural determination of gangliosides that bind to influenza a, b, and c viruses by an improved binding assay: strain-specific receptor epitopes in sialo-sugar chains. | an improved binding assay for detection of ganglioside receptors for influenza a, b, and c viruses was developed. in this system, the virions bound to gangliosides that were developed on a silica gel thin-layer plate were detected by mouse monoclonal antibody against viral hemagglutinin and peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobin. no hydrolysis of the gangliosides by viral receptor-destroying enzyme was detected in the present condition. the reactivity of the viruses to gangliosides depend ... | 1992 | 1376537 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1992. | during the 1991-92 influenza season, influenza activity was reported at moderate levels in many parts of the world. influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and influenza b viruses have continued to circulate worldwide. from october 1991 through february 1992, when influenza viruses circulated widely in the northern hemisphere, epidemic levels of activity were most commonly associated with the h3n2 subtype of influenza a (1). this report summarizes worldwide influenza activity reported from march through sep ... | 1992 | 1383682 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for 1992-93. | 1992 | 1394790 | |
| immunization of elderly volunteers with the 1988-89 inactivated whole influenza vaccine: assessment of antibody responses by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis tests. | the immunogenicity of inactivated whole trivalent influenza vaccines (a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2), and b ijing/1/87) recommended for the 1988-89 winter season was evaluated in 236 elderly (mean age 71 years) high risk volunteers. an overall significant increase in the number of subjects with protective haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibodies (titer > 1:40) against vaccine components was observed after vaccination. nevertheless, a percentage of individuals (ranging from 56% t ... | 1992 | 1397214 |
| evaluation of a cold-adapted influenza b/texas/84 reassortant virus (crb-87) vaccine in young children. | a cold-adapted (ca) influenza b reassortant virus vaccine that contained the six internal rna segments from influenza b/ann arbor/1/66 ca virus and the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin genes from wild-type influenza b/texas/1/84 virus was evaluated in children ranging in age from 8 months to 14 years. the children were vaccinated intranasally with doses ranging from 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid50). thirty children were seropositive, and 26 were seronegative. thirty- ... | 1992 | 1400985 |
| nucleotide sequence of the tick-borne orthomyxo-like dhori/india/1313/61 virus membrane protein gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the sixth largest segment of ssrna (rna-6) of the tick-borne orthomyxo-like dhori/india/1313/61 virus was determined by using cloned cdna derived from infected cell mrna and dideoxynucleotide sequencing of viral rna. rna-6 contains 962 nucleotides and is predicted to encode a protein of 270 amino acids with an m(r) of 30,498 in its first open reading frame (orf). this protein is likely to represent the viral membrane (m1) protein, based on its predicted m(r) o ... | 1992 | 1402803 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of the haemagglutinins of recent cocirculating strains of influenza b virus. | the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the haemagglutinins of influenza type b viruses isolated since 1988 during periods of both widespread activity (1990/1991) and sporadic activity (1989/1990) were examined using microneutralization tests and direct rna sequencing. during 1989/1990, influenza b viruses representative of two distinct lineages antigenically and genetically related to either b/victoria/2/87 or b/yamagata/16/88 were isolated, and a minor drift variant of b/yamagata/16/88, b ... | 1992 | 1402807 |
| suppression of hepatic drug metabolism by the interferon inducer, polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocitidylic acid. | since the discovery that interferon inducers depress hepatic drug metabolism, the depressant action of cytochrome p450 (p450) has been demonstrated to be shared by cytokines such as interferon alpha/beta and interferon gamma as well as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. because these cytokines are inflammatory mediators, it is not surprising that theophylline toxicity has been reported in patients with influenza b epidemic. hence, to lay a foundation for studies of altered steroid and drug ... | 1992 | 1403800 |
| [the immunological shifts in the blood sera of persons inoculated with influenza vaccines]. | the dynamics of antihemagglutinin content in blood serum of students inoculated with different types of influenza virus vaccines has been traced out in the process of long-term observation. it is shown that this dynamics depends on the type of used vaccines, method of their introduction and epidemiological situation. it is stated that in the process of annual vaccination the highest titres of antihemagglutinins are observed in twice inoculated patients; after the third vaccination these titres d ... | 1992 | 1406385 |
| [the reproduction of reassortant influenza a and b viruses with a known genome composition in different cell systems]. | reproduction of parental strains and reassortants (with known genome composition) of influenza a and b viruses was studied in chick embryos (ce) and in different cell lines (spev, mdck, bhk-21, m22, etc.). the results agree with the concept that the yield of influenza a virus in ce depends on its m-gene. at the same time, the experimental results suggest that reproduction of influenza b virus in the same system is not determined by m-gene. reproduction (hr-phenotype) of influenza a and b viruses ... | 1992 | 1413710 |
| [the antigens and nucleotide sequences of influenza a and b viruses in the lymphocytes of human peripheral blood]. | markers of influenza a and b viruses (antigens of hemagglutinin and specific nucleotide sequences) were detected in lymphocyte preparations from normal subjects. the rate of detection of the antigens and specificity (type and subtype appurtenance) of the markers correlated with the influenza epidemic situation. lower titers of antibodies to the virus whose antigens were present in lymphocytes were observed. | 1992 | 1413712 |
| [the antigenic characteristics of the influenza virus subpopulations isolated from a single patient]. | examinations by hi and eia of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolates of 1985-1990 showed the strains derived from nasopharyngeal washings from patients to present very frequently as phenotypic mixtures of stable virus variants. immunological analysis with monospecific antibody to hemagglutinin antigenic sites revealed a wide spectrum of antigenic activity based on the degree of relationship with viruses of previous years. by means of the immune pressing with antibody of different specificity the isol ... | 1992 | 1413713 |
| type-specific identification of influenza viruses a, b and c by the polymerase chain reaction. | the aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction for specific detection of influenza a, b, and c rna genomes. three primer sets were selected from conserved regions of the genome coding for the non-structural proteins and were tested on 61 influenza a (22 h1n1, 9 h2n2, and 30 h3n2), 11 influenza b, and three influenza c isolates. specific amplified products were obtained with all these strains after electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. the specificity of the reaction was increase ... | 1992 | 1430057 |
| influenza surveillance--united states, 1991-92. | during the 1991-92 influenza season, sustained regional influenza activity began to be reported by state and territorial epidemiologists in the united states in mid-october 1991. sustained reporting of widespread influenza activity began in early november 1991, 5-10 weeks earlier than in any of the previous nine influenza seasons. influenza caused substantial morbidity among school-age children and excess mortality among the elderly. regional outbreaks of influenza ended 2-6 weeks earlier than i ... | 1992 | 1435687 |
| [monoclonal antibodies to the influenza a virus matrix protein that react with viral strains of different subtypes]. | to obtain hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mca) to matrix (m) protein of influenza virus, mice were immunized with a modified antigen which consisted of subvirus units after electrophoretic removal of surface glycoproteins from virions using desintegnon-o detergent. six stable hybrid cultures producing mca to m-protein were derived. the properties of mca to the antigen determinant common for a group of influenza a virus strains of different subtypes allow them to be used in the develo ... | 1992 | 1441439 |
| western blot analysis of antibody responses to influenza virion proteins. | an immunoblotting procedure was developed to detect antibody responses in mice and humans to influenza virion proteins. the technique was capable of detecting 1.5 micrograms of haemagglutinin (ha) on nitrocellulose strips at a 1:5000 dilution of a mouse serum with an initial haemagglutination inhibition titre of 20. the effects of the use of the blocking agent tween-20 on virion proteins were also studied. the commonly used concentration of 0.05% (v/v) tween-20, when included in blocking and inc ... | 1992 | 1452221 |
| high growth reassortant influenza vaccine viruses: new approaches to their control. | when a new strain of an influenza virus is required to be incorporated into influenza vaccine, attempts are made to recombine such strains with laboratory adapted viruses, which will grow to high titre in order to improve the yield of the vaccine strain. it is important that such high growth reassortant vaccine strains are not contaminated with genes coding for the antigenic determinants of the high growth laboratory strain. we describe the characterization of two recent high growth reassortants ... | 1992 | 1457106 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1992-93 season. | influenza activity in the united states is monitored by cdc through surveillance systems maintained cooperatively with state and local health departments (1); in addition, cdc receives reports of worldwide influenza activity from international world health organization (who) collaborating laboratories and from who, geneva. this report summarizes surveillance for influenza in the united states and worldwide during the 1992-93 season through december 5, 1992. | 1992 | 1461251 |
| influenza vaccination in chronic hemodialysis patients. the effect of zinc supplementation. | since influenza increases the mortality of chronically ill patients we decided to study the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in hemodialysis (hd) patients. nineteen hd patients aged from 20 to 60 years, on unrestricted diet and with no febrile episode, were studied. blood samples were collected before the intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml multivalent influenza vaccine (inflexal berna) and every 2 weeks thereafter. at the end of 4th week a second vaccination was done and a dosage of 200 mg ... | 1992 | 1462010 |
| comparison of the ha genes of type b influenza viruses in herald waves and later epidemic seasons. | from january 1985 to may 1991, herald strains of influenza b virus were isolated in 1987 and 1989 in japan. in both cases, influenza epidemics caused by the same type followed in the next winter season. the ha gene sequences of the influenza b viruses isolated in japan from 1987-91, which covers two herald waves of influenza b viruses, were analysed and located on the phylogenetic tree for influenza b viruses after the b/singapore/64 strain. co-circulation of at least two evolutionary lineages o ... | 1992 | 1468537 |
| audit of the use of erythromycin in the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory infections. | the british thoracic society (bts) guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia recommend initial therapy with a betalactam antibiotic, with the addition of erythromycin if there are features of an atypical pneumonia. to see if these guidelines were being followed, a prospective study was undertaken of all adult patients admitted to hospital over a 3-month period who were given erythromycin for a community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection. erythromycin was given to 62 p ... | 1992 | 1470708 |
| influenza b virus infection associated with non-bacterial septic shock-like illness. | we report the details of four children aged between 6 months and 5.5 years who had underlying chronic disease and who developed life-threatening illness in association with influenza virus b infection. influenza has received relatively little attention, yet its morbidity and mortality in children can be considerable. this report emphasises the need to vaccinate the population groups at high risk, such as children with cardiovascular disorders, chronic bronchopulmonary, metabolic and renal diseas ... | 1992 | 1474269 |
| detection of influenza a and b in respiratory secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. | influenza a and b are rna-containing viruses that frequently infect humans. currently, sensitive detection of these viruses requires fresh respiratory secretions and special facilities for culture. to facilitate diagnosis of influenza, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used in the present studies to detect dna produced by reverse transcription of influenzal rna in vaccines, tissue culture fluids, and stored respiratory secretions. primers were directed at targets on the highly conserved se ... | 1992 | 1477662 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses: memorandum from a who meeting. | a monoclonal antibody diagnostic kit (using immunofluorescence) to detect directly viral antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, and 3), and adenovirus has been developed by who. during 1990 and 1991 a total of 16 laboratories in different parts of the world were invited to test the kit in clinical use. this memorandum summarizes the results obtained as well as the discussions and recommendations made by participants at a ... | 1992 | 1486665 |
| [usefulness and limitations of vaccination against influenza]. | influenza viruses have caused major epidemics of respiratory disease and a high mortality in patients with advanced age and in those with underlying health conditions. it has been estimated in the usa that, during a moderate epidemic of influenza, there is an excess of 170,000 hospitalizations and approximately 20,000 to 40,000 influenza-associated deaths per years. costs may exceed 1 billion dollars per year. influenza viruses have been difficult to control because of a large animal reservoir a ... | 1992 | 1496181 |
| immune response to inactivated influenza virus vaccine: antibody reactivity with epidemic influenza b viruses of two highly distinct evolutionary lineages. | vaccination of adults (healthy female employees potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high-risk persons; n = 104) in autumn 1990 with a trivalent influenza virus vaccine containing b/yamagata/16/88 induced a low antibody response to b/finland/150/90, a recent variant of b/victoria/2/87-like viruses, as compared with the antibody response to b/finland/172/91, a current variant in the lineage of b/yamagata/16/88-like viruses. up to the end of the epidemic season, the antibody status dec ... | 1992 | 1502842 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of n-carboxamidine-substituted analogues of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride. | ten, hitherto unreported, analogues of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride (2a, ribamidine) and methyl carboximidate 5 have been synthesized. these include the n-cyano (2b), n-alkyl (2c-e), n-amino acid (2f-h), n,n'-disubstituted (6, 7a,b), and the n-methylated carboxamide (1f) analogues of ribavirin. in addition, a new facile synthesis of carboxamidine 2a was also developed. all compounds were evaluated for biological activity against the following rna viruses: p ... | 1992 | 1507208 |
| [use of highly purified subvirion trivalent flue vaccine ("grippovak") in groups with a high risk of complications]. | during the epidemic season of 1989-1990 the subunit vaccine grippovac was used in 20 asylums for old people and psychoneurological invalids in moscow for the protection of the inhabitants and the personnel from influenza. follow-up of the vaccinees during the period from november 1989 to march 1990 revealed that the use of this vaccine decreased the incidence of influenza-like diseases (ild) 3.4-4.1 times among the vaccinees in comparison with that in the nonvaccinated control groups and signifi ... | 1992 | 1509852 |
| [septicemia with haemophilus influenza b pneumonia: a childhood disease in a 50-year-old adult]. | 1992 | 1539396 | |
| evolution of influenza b/victoria/2/87-like viruses: occurrence of a genetically conserved virus under conditions of low epidemic activity. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene region coding for the ha1 domain of the influenza b virus haemagglutinin was performed on seven field strains isolated during the 1989 to 1990 season and two field strains isolated in 1985 and 1988 in finland. all isolates were antigenically and genetically related to b/victoria/2/87 virus and distinct from b/yamagata/16/88 virus. the three strains isolated at the beginning of the 1989 1990 season in turku were almost identical to an american variant (b/t ... | 1992 | 1545226 |
| staphylococcal toxin-mediated syndromes in childhood. | staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (tss) and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (ssss) are two distinct toxin-mediated syndromes with prominent cutaneous features. the exanthematous presentation of these syndromes places them in the broad category of childhood exanthems, and the ability to recognize these potentially devastating illnesses is essential for pediatricians and dermatologists who may encounter children with fever and rash. recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis o ... | 1992 | 1550711 |
| immunization of infants and young children with live attenuated trivalent cold-recombinant influenza a h1n1, h3n2, and b vaccine. | seventeen triply seronegative infants and young children, and 15 infants and young children seropositive to all three influenza virus strains were vaccinated intranasally with 10(5) tcid50 of each of three (h1n1, h3n2, and b) live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine strains. seventeen controls were given placebo. vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine was not associated with adverse reactions in triply seronegative or seropositive children. overall, 12 (71%), 13 (76%), and 13 (76%) ... | 1992 | 1552202 |
| interactions of ibuprofen with influenza infection and hyperammonemia in an animal model of reye's syndrome. | we have previously reported that a single meal of an arginine-free diet rapidly induces hyperammonemia in young ferrets and that aspirin administration in conjunction with influenza b infection and arginine-free diet results in clinical and biochemical alterations consistent with reye's syndrome. the objective of the present study was to test whether ibuprofen administration, either alone or in combination with influenza infection and arginine-free diet, produces a similar effect. two-mo-old fer ... | 1992 | 1561011 |
| [rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza b virus]. | 1992 | 1561458 | |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 1992-1993 season. | 1992 | 1567753 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, and composition of the 1992-93 influenza vaccine. | during the 11 influenza seasons from 1977 through 1988, more than 10,000 excess deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (p&i) were reported during each of seven seasons, and approximately 45,000 deaths were reported during each of two seasons (cdc, unpublished data, 1992). the most important strategy for preventing influenza-associated morbidity and mortality is vaccination of persons in high-risk groups with vaccine closely matched to circulating strains. in collaboration with state and lo ... | 1992 | 1569915 |
| evidence for peptide transport across microsomal membranes. | antigenic peptides bound to class i molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are recognized by t-cell receptors during development of an antiviral immune response. t cells respond to peptides derived from cytoplasmic viral proteins as well as viral membrane proteins, indicating that a pathway exists for the transport of proteins or peptides from the cytosol into the compartment(s) where the mhc class i molecules assemble. to investigate this pathway, we have developed an in vitro ... | 1992 | 1570312 |
| direct detection of influenza virus antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens by direct enzyme immunoassay in comparison with quantitating virus shedding. | we developed a direct enzyme immunoassay [eia; enzygnost influenza a(ag) and enzygnost influenza b(ag)] for the direct detection of influenza a and b virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretion specimens (nps). the test is performed without sonification of specimens, and results are obtained within 4 h. a direct comparison between direct eia and quantitation of virus shedding for influenza a and b virus antigen detection was carried out. a total of 210 nps and 98 nasopharyngeal wash specimens (np ... | 1992 | 1572972 |
| from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states and worldwide; composition of the 1992-1993 influenza vaccine. | 1992 | 1578585 | |
| evolution and ecology of influenza a viruses. | in this review we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species and study the ecological features that permit the perpetuation of influenza viruses in aquatic avian species. phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of influenza a virus rna segments coding for the spike proteins (ha, na, and m2) and the internal proteins (pb2, pb1, pa, np, m, and ns) from a wide range of hosts, geographical regions, and influenza a virus subt ... | 1992 | 1579108 |
| [value of fast indirect immunofluorescence diagnosis of respiratory viruses]. | four hundred and three nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized children have been analysed for rsv, influenza a and b, parainfluenza 3, adenovirus, with monofluor kits diagnostics pasteur. one hundred and seventeen positive samples were found, rsv: 69, influenza a: 17, influenza b: 12, parainfluenza 3: 2 and adenovirus: 17. rapid diagnosis of viral diseases allows to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections, to watch over infants carrying rsv who might develop severe bronchiolitis. thi ... | 1992 | 1580744 |
| unusual diffraction of type b influenza virus neuraminidase crystals. | an unusual x-ray diffraction pattern by tetragonal crystals of a type b influenza virus neuraminidase was observed in that the odd-l reflections were missing or diffuse while the even-l reflections were sharp and strong. a statistical analysis showed that an error (epsilon) in the spacing of successive planes of neuraminidase molecules was randomly distributed along the c direction, which resulted in such an unusual diffraction pattern. the error epsilon follows the bernoullian distribution and ... | 1992 | 1605932 |
| sickle cell disease with complicated influenza b virus infection. | the committee on infectious diseases of the american academy of pediatrics, and the advisory committee on immunization practices of the center for disease control for many years have recommended the routine use of influenza vaccine in various hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease. this recommendation, however, has not been included in the patient care protocols of the comprehensive sickle cell centers program of nihlb. most clinicians have not used yearly influenza vaccine for their p ... | 1992 | 1608065 |
| clinical features of influenza. | influenza, an acute, usually self-limited, febrile illness of global importance, appears virtually every year and infects the respiratory tract either sporadically, as a local outbreak, or as a widespread epidemic. the most severe outbreak known, the 1918 to 1919 influenza a pandemic, was responsible for an estimated 20 million deaths globally. in the united states, the influenza pandemics of 1957 and 1968 were associated with an attack rate of up to 50% and an estimated 100,000 deaths. interpan ... | 1992 | 1609165 |
| the diagnosis of influenza. | our ability to establish a specific diagnosis of influenza infections has dramatically improved. clinical signs and symptoms of influenza infection and epidemiological indicators of an influenza outbreak can be verified with a variety of rapid detection methods. viral isolation and an acute change in serology, which characteristically took from 5 to 28 days, are now being supplemented with methods that detect influenza viral antigen directly on clinical specimens and/or influenza virus in tissue ... | 1992 | 1609167 |
| antivirals for the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | influenza virus infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the united states. several antiviral agents, amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin, have been shown to be either therapeutically or prophylactically effective in influenza virus infections. amantadine and rimantadine are effective, via the oral route, in treating and preventing influenza a infections. aerosolized preparations of amantadine and rimantadine have also shown therapeutic efficacy against influenza ... | 1992 | 1609169 |
| immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine in residential homes for elderly people. | one hundred and seventy residents of 11 leicester city council homes for the elderly, with a total of 515 beds, were studied during a 30-week period from september 1988 to march 1989 to determine the use of influenza vaccine, the levels of influenza antibody, the incidence of influenza, and the protection afforded by vaccination. the study group of 133 women and 37 men had a mean age of 85 years and 59% had one or more chronic medical conditions. the immunization rates by home for the 170 sympto ... | 1992 | 1615780 |
| rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections by using a shell vial assay and monoclonal antibody pool. | we compared the detection of seven respiratory viruses by using a commercially available monoclonal antibody pool in a 2-day shell vial assay with that by using standard cell culture with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-negative nasal secretions from hospitalized children. we found 179 respiratory virus isolates by either method in 675 specimens. overall, the shell vial assay detected 147 of 179 (79%) of the positives after 2 days; cell culture detecte ... | 1992 | 1624569 |
| [isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae and antibodies to the agent in patients with acute bronchitis]. | isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae and serologic tests were performed on 85 children and adults patients with acute bronchitis admitted to the kitasato institute hospital from january 1989 to may 1991. c. pneumoniae was isolated from sputa or tonsillar swabs in 11 of 57 (19%) patients examined. of these, 10 patients were tested serologically and 9 (90%) had 16 or higher titer of igg antibody. a total of 68 patients were tested serologically, and 17 (25%) revealed positive; 14 had a fourfold rise ... | 1992 | 1624841 |
| mechanism of attenuation of a chimeric influenza a/b transfectant virus. | the ribonucleoprotein transfection system for influenza virus allowed us to construct an influenza a virus containing a chimeric neuraminidase (na) gene in which the noncoding sequence is derived from the ns gene of influenza b virus (t. muster, e. k. subbarao, m. enami, b. p. murphy, and p. palese, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 88:5177-5181, 1991). this transfectant virus is attenuated in mice and grows to lower titers in tissue culture than wild-type virus. since such a virus has characteristics ... | 1992 | 1629948 |
| cross-protection against influenza virus infection afforded by trivalent inactivated vaccines inoculated intranasally with cholera toxin b subunit. | cross-protection against influenza virus infection was examined in mice, immunized intranasally with a nasal site-restricted volume of inactivated vaccines together with cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) as an adjuvant. the mice were challenged with either a small or a large volume of mouse-adapted virus suspension, each of which gave virgin mice either a predominant upper or lower respiratory tract infection. a single dose of a monovalent influenza a h3n2 virus vaccine with ctb provided complete cr ... | 1992 | 1634780 |
| influenza--united states, 1989-90 and 1990-91 seasons. | during the 1989-90 influenza season, 98% of all influenza viruses isolated in the united states and reported to cdc were influenza a. almost all those that were antigenically characterized were similar to influenza a/shanghai/11/87(h3n2), a component of the 1989-90 influenza vaccine. regional and widespread influenza activity began to be reported in late december 1989, peaked in mid-january 1990, and declined rapidly through early april 1990. most of the outbreaks reported to cdc were among nurs ... | 1992 | 1635548 |
| serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses in episodes of acute otitis media. | although the findings of epidemiological studies have suggested viral respiratory tract infection (rti) to be crucially involved in the development of acute otitis media (aom), the relationship between aom and viral rti remains unclear. serum samples, obtained in the acute and convalescent phases of 57 aom episodes (in 35 children during the first three years of life) were analysed for igg antibodies against influenza a viruses, influenza b viruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, respiratory syncyt ... | 1991 | 1645761 |
| [studies on sialidase and esterase in influenza viruses]. | the main contributions of the author and collaborators about sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18) of influenza virus types a and b and o-acetylesterase (ec 3.1.1.53) of type c are summarized. after a short introduction on the topic, the negative results obtained by the author on inhibitors are commented. then, the peculiarities of the three procedures assayed, based on the nadh determination as a measurement for the sialidase activity, are discussed. the spectrofluorimetric measurement of nadh concentration ... | 1991 | 1656837 |
| [the protective action of arbidol during a rise in respiratory diseases in 1990]. | prophylactic properties of a new chemical drug, arbidol, against acute respiratory diseases (ard) were studied. arbidol given daily in a dose of 0.2 g for 19 days reduced the morbidity rate 2.3-fold in adults during an outbreak of ard. geometric mean titres of antibodies to respiratory viruses among healthy persons did not change after treatment with arbidol indicating the lack of immunosuppressive properties in the drug. the prophylactic effect of arbidol may be due to both specific effect of t ... | 1991 | 1666474 |
| antiviral activity of flos verbasci infusion against influenza and herpes simplex viruses. | the lyophilized infusion from flowers of verbascum thapsiforme schrad. (fvi) showed antiviral activity in in vitro studies against fowl plague virus, several influenza a strains, influenza b strain as well as herpes simplex virus. influenza viruses titer decreased by 1-3 log units, while of h. simplex virus by 2.3 log. fvi has shown virucidal activity on h. simplex virus at 300 micrograms/ml, but did not inactivate influenza viruses. phytochemical investigations of fvi have shown the presence of ... | 1991 | 1666504 |
| longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in rio de janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years. | the occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ari) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in rio de janeiro. of the viruses known to be associated with ari, all but influenza c and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. this was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory sy ... | 1991 | 1668974 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1990--june 1991. | 1991 | 1669752 | |
| outbreaks of influenza b: 1991. | 1991 | 1669799 |