| development of immunochromatographic test strips for rapid, quantitative detection of h9aiv antibodies. | to improve viral antibody detection and disease control, laboratories need faster and simpler methods for direct detection of h9aiv in clinical samples. in this study, test strips were developed for rapid detection of h9aiv antibodies in poultry serum by a sandwich method with double-line detection. the hemagglutinin protein was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent and was blotted on the test lines, while goat anti-rabbit igg was utilized on the control line of the nitrocellulose m ... | 2018 | 30055377 |
| deep sequencing of the mouse lung transcriptome reveals distinct long non-coding rnas expression associated with the high virulence of h5n1 avian influenza virus in mice. | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) play multiple key regulatory roles in various biological processes. however, their function in influenza a virus (iav) pathogenicity remains largely unexplored. here, using next generation sequencing, we systemically compared the whole-transcriptome response of the mouse lung infected with either the highly pathogenic (a/chicken/jiangsu/k0402/2010, ck10) or the nonpathogenic (a/goose/jiangsu/k0403/2010, gs10) h5n1 virus. a total of 126 significantly differentially ... | 2018 | 30052469 |
| compatibility between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase drives the recent emergence of novel clade 2.3.4.4 h5nx avian influenza viruses in china. | genetic reassortments between highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5 subtype viruses with different neuraminidase (na) subtypes have increased in prevalence since 2010 in wild birds and poultry from china. the ha gene slightly evolved from clade 2.3.4 to clade 2.3.4.4, raising the question of whether novel clade 2.3.4.4 ha broke the balance with n1 but is matched well with nax to drive viral epidemics. to clarify the role of compatibility between ha and na on the prevalence of h5nx subtypes ... | 2018 | 29999588 |
| h9n2 influenza viruses from bangladesh: transmission in chicken and new world quail. | the h9n2 influenza viruses that have become established in bangladeshi live poultry markets possess five gene segments of the highly pathogenic h7n3 avian influenza virus. we assessed the replication, transmission, and disease potential of three h9n2 viruses in chickens and new world quail. each virus replicated to high titers and transmitted by the airborne route to contacts in both species. infected chickens showed no disease signs, and the viruses differed in their disease potential in new wo ... | 2018 | 29989679 |
| transcriptional response to a prime/boost vaccination of chickens with three vaccine variants based on ha dna and pichia-produced ha protein. | highly pathogenic avian influenza causes severe economic losses and is a potential threat to public health. better knowledge of the mechanisms of chicken response to the novel types of vaccines against avian influenza might be helpful in their successful implementation into poultry vaccination programs in different countries. this work presents a comprehensive analysis of gene expression response elicited in chicken spleens by a combined dna/recombinant protein prime/boost vaccination compared t ... | 2018 | 29986836 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza a/h5n1 clade 2.3.2.1c virus in poultry in cameroon, 2016-2017. | in may 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype a/h5n1 was detected in cameroon in an industrial poultry farm at mvog-betsi, yaoundé (centre region), with a recorded sudden increase of deaths among chickens, and an overall mortality rate of 75%. the virus spread further and caused new outbreaks in some parts of the country. in total, 21 outbreaks were confirmed from may 2016 to march 2017 (six in the centre, six in the west, eight in the south and one in the adamaoua regions) ... | 2018 | 29985640 |
| novel mutations in avian pa in combination with an adaptive mutation in pr8 np exacerbate the virulence of pr8-derived recombinant influenza a viruses in mice. | the polymerase complex of the low-pathogenic avian influenza virus [a/chicken/korea/kbnp-0028/2000] (0028) has previously been characterized, and novel amino acid residues present in the polymerase acidic protein (pa) that likely contribute to pathogenicity toward mammals have been identified. in the present study, our aims were to generate a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8)-derived recombinant viruses containing the 0028-pa gene with a single amino acid mutation and to test their pathogenicity and replic ... | 2018 | 29981696 |
| pathological alterations in respiratory system during co-infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (h9n2) and escherichia coli in broiler chickens. | despite the advancements in the field, there is a lack of data when it comes to co-infections in poultry. therefore, this study was designed to address this issue. | 2017 | 29978081 |
| induction of immune response in chickens primed in ovo with an inactivated h9n2 avian influenza virus vaccine. | infection of chickens with low pathogenic avian influenza virus, such as h9n2 virus, culminates in decreased egg production and increased mortality and morbidity if co-infection with other respiratory pathogens occurs. we have previously observed the induction of antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses after intramuscular administration of an h9n2 beta-propiolactone inactivated virus vaccine to chickens. given the fact that in ovo vaccination represents a practical option for vaccination ag ... | 2018 | 29970157 |
| genetic and biological characterization of h9n2 avian influenza viruses isolated in china from 2011 to 2014. | the genotypes of the h9n2 avian influenza viruses have changed since 2013 when almost all h9n2 viruses circulating in chickens in china were genotype 57 (g57) with the fittest lineage of each gene. to characterize the h9n2 variant viruses from 2011 to 2014, 28 h9n2 influenza viruses were isolated from live poultry markets in china from 2011-2014 and were analyzed by genetic and biological characterization. our findings showed that 16 residues that changed antigenicity, two potential n-linked gly ... | 2018 | 29969454 |
| spotlight on avian pathology: red mite, a serious emergent problem in layer hens. | dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is currently the most important ectoparasite of the egg laying industry worldwide with an expanding global prevalence. as a blood-feeder, it causes anaemia and severe welfare issues to the hens and it is a major cause of economic losses. it is also a vector for salmonella species, avian influenza and potentially for other vector-borne pathogens. paradoxically, there is a notable lack of funding for research into poultry red mite and an urgent need for ... | 2018 | 29954185 |
| efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging avian influenza h5n8 virus in egypt. | the newly emerging, highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4 was recently detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in egypt in the 2016/2017 winter season. vaccination based on commercial h5 vaccines is used as an essential control strategy in egyptian poultry. here, we studied the efficacy of the eight most common commercial h5 poultry vaccines in the egyptian market and compared them with an experimental vaccine based on the egyptian lpai h5n8 virus that was prep ... | 2018 | 29946159 |
| influenza a(h5n1) viruses with a(h9n2) single gene (matrix or pb1) reassortment isolated from cambodian live bird markets. | live bird market surveillance for avian influenza viruses in cambodia in 2015 has led to the detection of two 7:1 reassortant influenza a(h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. these reassortant strains, designated a/duck/cambodia/z564w35m1/2015 and a/chicken/cambodia/z850w49m1/2015, both contained a single gene (pb1 and matrix gene, respectively) from concurrently circulating a(h9n2) influenza viruses. all other viral genes from both isolates clustered with a(h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1 viruses. continued and p ... | 2018 | 30075357 |
| evolution of high pathogenicity of h5 avian influenza virus: haemagglutinin cleavage site selection of reverse-genetics mutants during passage in chickens. | low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) are generally asymptomatic in their natural avian hosts. lpaivs can evolve into highly pathogenic forms, which can affect avian and human populations with devastating consequences. the switch to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) from lpaiv precursors requires the acquisition of multiple basic amino acids in the haemagglutinin cleavage site (hacs) motif. through reverse genetics of an h5n1 hpaiv, and experimental infection of chicke ... | 2018 | 30068964 |
| a 28-day subchronic feeding study of chicken injected by genetically modified dna-vaccine of avian influenzas in sprague-dawley rats. | the safety of veterinary vaccines based on the meat vaccinated by modified highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) vaccine after oral ingestion was evaluated. the assessment was conducted in sprague-dawley rats by a 28-days feeding study. we incorporated meat from vaccinated chicken and non-vaccinated chicken into rodent diets at two concentrations (7.5%, 15%) and administered to sprague-dawley rats (n = 10/sex/group) for 28 days. a commercialized rodent diet was fed to an additional group as c ... | 2018 | 30056246 |
| [a case of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h7n9) virus through poultry processing without protection measure]. | objective: to investigate the infection pattern and etiological characteristics of a case of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h7n9) virus and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. methods: epidemiological investigation was conducted to explore the case's exposure history, infection route and disease progression. samples collected from the patient, environments and poultry were tested by using real ... | 2018 | 29936750 |
| phylogenetic classification of hemagglutinin gene of h9n2 avian influenza viruses isolated in china during 2012-2016 and evaluation of selected candidate vaccine strains. | h9n2 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) was the highly contagious pathogen which has caused severe losses in the poultry industry throughout china in recent years. using current epidemic viruses as vaccine was an effective way to prevent infection of h9n2 subtype aiv. in this study, a total of 23 h9n2 subtype aiv strains were isolated in 200 samples from 13 provinces of china during 2012-2016. the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene sequence of the isolation strains s ... | 2018 | 29931183 |
| genetic basis of resistance to avian influenza in different commercial varieties of layer chickens. | an outbreak of h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) in 2015, resulting in mandatory euthanization of millions of chickens, was one of the most fatal in the us history. the aim of this study was to detect genes associated with survival following natural infection with hpai during this outbreak. blood samples were collected from 274 individuals from 3 commercial varieties of white leghorn. survivors and age and genetics matched non-affected controls from each variety were included in the ... | 2018 | 29924353 |
| influenza viral vectors expressing two kinds of ha proteins for bivalent vaccines against clade 2.3.4.4 and clade 2.3.2.1 h5 hpaivs. | the h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) in china pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry. in this study, we constructed a replication-competent recombinant influenza a virus of clade 2.3.4.4 н5n1 expressing the clade 2.3.2.1 h5 ha1 protein from a tricistronic ns segment. we used a truncated ns1 protein of 73 amino acids combined with a heterologous dimerization domain to increase protein stability. h5 ha1 and nuclear export information were fused in f ... | 2018 | 29921911 |
| avian influenza a (h5n1) outbreaks in different poultry farm types in egypt: the effect of vaccination, closing status and farm size. | the avian influenza a (h5n1) virus is endemic in poultry in egypt. the winter of 2014/2015 was particularly worrying as new clusters of hpai a (h5n1) virus emerged, leading to an important number of ai a (h5n1) outbreaks in poultry farms and sporadic human cases. to date, few studies have investigated the distribution of hpai a (h5n1) outbreaks in egypt in relation to protective / risk factors at the farm level, a gap we intend to fill. the aim of the study was to analyse passive surveillance da ... | 2018 | 29914481 |
| poultry infection with influenza viruses of wild bird origin, china, 2016. | migratory birds may play a role in transmission of avian influenza virus. we report the infection of black-tailed gulls and chickens in eastern china with avian influenza (h13n2) and (h13n8) viruses. we found that these h13 viruses were transmitted from migratory birds to domestic poultry. | 2018 | 29912711 |
| a dual motif in the hemagglutinin of h5n1 goose/guangdong-like highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strains is conserved from their early evolution and increases both membrane fusion ph and virulence. | zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) have raised serious public health concerns of a novel pandemic. these strains emerge from low-pathogenic precursors by the acquisition of a polybasic hemagglutinin (ha) cleavage site, the prime virulence determinant. however, required coadaptations of the ha early in hpaiv evolution remained uncertain. to address this question, we generated several ha1/ha2 chimeras and point mutants of an h5n1 clade 2.2.2 hpaiv and an h5n1 low-pathogenic ... | 2018 | 29899102 |
| the appropriate combination of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase prompts the predominant h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in birds. | haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) are two vital surface glycoproteins of influenza virus. the ha of h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is divided into major/h5 and minor/h5, and its na consists of short stalk na and full-length stalk na. the strain combined with major/h5 and short stalk na account for 76.8% of all strains, and the proportion was 23.0% matched by minor/h5 and full-length stalk na. our objective was to investigate the influence of ha-na matching on the biologica ... | 2018 | 29896169 |
| exploring contacts facilitating transmission of influenza a(h5n1) virus between poultry farms in west java, indonesia: a major role for backyard farms? | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 has been reported in asia, including indonesia since 2003. although several risk factors related to the hpaiv outbreaks in poultry in indonesia have been identified, little is known of the contact structure of farms of different poultry production types (backyard chickens, broilers, layers, and ducks). this study aims to quantify the contact rates associated with the movement of people, and movements of live birds and products and equipment th ... | 2018 | 29891149 |
| live bird markets in bangladesh as a potentially important source for avian influenza virus transmission. | live bird markets (lbm) are important for trading poultry in many developing countries where they are being considered hotspots of avian influenza virus (aiv) prevalence and contamination. an active surveillance for avian influenza virus (aiv) was conducted on four species of lbm birds (chickens, ducks, quails and pigeons) from 10 of the largest lbm in chittagong, bangladesh, and two species of peri-domestic wild birds (house crow and asian pied starling) in their direct vicinity from november 2 ... | 2018 | 29891142 |
| cross- immunity of a h9n2 live attenuated influenza vaccine against h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in chickens. | the most commonly utilized inactivated influenza vaccines (iivs) are usually deficient in cross immunity against divergent viruses. on the other hand, live attenuated influenza vaccines (laivs) are proved to be more effective in cross-protective immunity. we previously developed a h9n2 laiv and verified its effective protection against a broad spectrum of h9n2 strains. in the present study, we evaluated its cross-immunity against h5n2 virus, a representative subtype of currently predominant h5 h ... | 2018 | 29885802 |
| direct evidence of h7n7 avian influenza virus mutation from low to high virulence on a single poultry premises during an outbreak in free range chickens in the uk, 2008. | h5 and h7 subtypes of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) have the potential to evolve into highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs), causing high mortality in galliforme poultry with substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. this study provides direct evidence of h7n7 lpaiv mutation to hpaiv on a single poultry premises during an outbreak that occurred in june 2008 in free range laying hens in oxfordshire, uk. we report the first detection of a rare di-basic ... | 2018 | 29883773 |
| characterisation of the antigenic epitopes in the subunit 2 haemagglutinin of avian influenza virus h5n1. | monitoring avian influenza (ai) infection and detecting silent infection in vaccinated chickens has been challenging due to the lack of effective serological diagnostic assays to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals. very few studies have identified suitable proteins in ai virus that can be used in successfully differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (diva). an ha2 peptide: ha2 position 197-201 (ha position 488-516) described by khurana et al. (j virol 85(23):12455-1246 ... | 2018 | 29869036 |
| host interaction analysis of pa-n155 and pa-n182 in chicken cells reveals an essential role of uba52 for replication of h5n1 avian influenza virus. | pa-n155 and pa-n182 proteins were translated from the 11th and 13th start codon aug of the rna polymerase acidic protein (pa) mrna of h5n1 influenza a virus (iav), which plays an important role in viral replication. little is known about the interactions between pa-n155 and pa-n182 and the host proteins. this study investigated the interaction landscape of pa-n155 and pa-n182 of h5n1 iav in chicken cells while their interacting complexes were captured by immunoprecipitation and analyzed by mass ... | 2018 | 29867845 |
| effective thresholds for reporting suspicions and improve early detection of avian influenza outbreaks in layer chickens. | the objective of this study was to identify effective reporting thresholds for suspicions of both highly pathogenic (hpai) and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) outbreaks in layer farms. daily mortality and egg-production data from 30 dutch farms with no record of ai infection were analysed and thresholds set. mortality rates above or egg-production below these thresholds for two consecutive days would trigger an alarm sign. the following thresholds were identified for mortality: (i) a morta ... | 2018 | 29867092 |
| evaluation of antiviral activity of ocimum sanctum and acacia arabica leaves extracts against h9n2 virus using embryonated chicken egg model. | in the view of endemic avian influenza h9n2 infection in poultry, its zoonotic potential and emergence of antiviral resistance, two herbal plants, ocimum sanctum and acacia arabica, which are easily available throughout various geographical locations in india were taken up to study their antiviral activity against h9n2 virus. we evaluated antiviral efficacy of three different extracts each from leaves of o. sanctum (crude extract, terpenoid and polyphenol) and a. arabica (crude extract, flavonoi ... | 2018 | 29866088 |
| the australian sentinel practices research network, 1 january to 31 march 2017. | the australian sentinel practices research network was established in 1991 to provide a rapid, national, monitoring scheme for infectious diseases that can alert public health officials of epidemics before they arise. the network consists of general practitioners, throughout all 8 states and territories in australia, who report presentations on a number of defined medical conditions each week. this report presents data from the 1st quarter of 2017 (1 january to 31 march) and includes the syndrom ... | 2017 | 29864394 |
| identification of different hemagglutinin isoforms of influenza a virus h1n1. | influenza a viruses (iavs) are still a threat to human health and life. the process of virus infection involves a series of biological regulations, such as signal transduction, that may be closely linked with the function of glycoproteins. however, the number and level of glycoproteins is low compared with other proteins in the whole protein pool. | 2018 | 29857349 |
| antigenic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses with chicken and ferret antisera reveals clade-dependent variation in hemagglutination inhibition profiles. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses pose a significant economic burden to the poultry industry worldwide and have pandemic potential. poultry vaccination against hpai a(h5n1) viruses has been an important component of hpai control measures and has been performed in vietnam since 2005. to systematically assess antigenic matching of current vaccines to circulating field variants, we produced a panel of chicken and ferret antisera raised against historical and contemporary viet ... | 2018 | 29855467 |
| examination of the effects of virus inactivation methods on the induction of antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses against whole inactivated h9n2 avian influenza virus vaccines in chickens. | several types of avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccines exist, including live-attenuated, vectored, and whole inactivated virus (wiv) vaccines. inactivated vaccines offer some advantages compared to other types of vaccines, including ease of production and lack of ability to revert to a virulent state. however, wiv are poorly immunogenic, especially when these vaccines are delivered to mucosal surfaces. there are several factors that contribute to the immunogenicity of vaccines, one of which is th ... | 2018 | 29853199 |
| quantitative elisa sandwich for a new vaccine against avian influenza virus h5n1. | analytical techniques are essential in the process of standardizing and validating vaccines. in this study we described a methodology to establish an elisa sandwich for the quantification of a new vaccine against avian influenza virus h5n1 based on the main antigenic determinant of the virus, the extracellular domain of the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha), fused to the extracellular domain of the chicken cd154 glycoprotein (hacd). the chimerical proteins ha and hacd were produced in siha cells a ... | 2018 | 29803776 |
| erratum: author correction: newcastle disease virus-based h5 influenza vaccine protects chickens from lethal challenge with a highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza virus. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1038/s41541-017-0034-4.]. | 2018 | 29799537 |
| from low to high pathogenicity-characterization of h7n7 avian influenza viruses in two epidemiologically linked outbreaks. | the ability of low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza viruses (aiv) of the subtypes h5 and h7 to mutate spontaneously to highly pathogenic (hp) variants is the main reason for their stringent control. on-the-spot evidence from the field of mutations in lpaiv to render the virus into nascent hp variants is scarce. epidemiological investigations and molecular characterization of two spatiotemporally linked outbreaks caused by lp, and subsequently, hpaiv h7n7 in two-layer farms in germany yielded such ... | 2018 | 29790657 |
| viral interference between low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 and avian infectious bronchitis viruses in vitro and in ovo. | low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are important pathogens of poultry, causing important economic losses for the sector. replication interference between these two viruses was described using cell cultures (cc) and embryonated chicken eggs (ece). chicken embryo lung (cel) and ece were simultaneously or sequentially infected with ibv vaccine strain (h120) and lpaiv-h9n2 (a/ck/tun/145/2012) to evaluate viral interactionsin vitro and in ovo, respectivel ... | 2018 | 29940196 |
| impact of erythrocyte species on assays for influenza serology. | the influenza viruses have the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes by binding to sialic acid receptors on the host cell. human influenza viruses preferentially bind to sialic acid linked to galactose by α 2.6 linkage, while avian influenza viruses preferentially bind to sialic acid linked to gal by α 2.3 linkage. there is a close correlation between the ability of influenza a viruses to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species and their receptor specificity. the haemagglutination a ... | 2018 | 29938233 |
| genetic analysis and biological characteristics of different internal gene origin h5n6 reassortment avian influenza virus in china in 2016. | clade 2.3.4.4 of h5n6 subtype avian influenza viruses (aivs) has become dominant clade in south-east asia. so far, a total of 16 cases of human infection, including 6 deaths, have been confirmed since 2014. in this study, we systematically investigated the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of these viruses. we first carried out phylogenetic and statistical analysis of all h5n6 viruses that were downloaded from influenza research database, gisaid and isolates from our lab. we found ... | 2018 | 29778197 |
| zataria multiflora essential oil reduces replication rate of avian influenza virus (h9n2 subtype) in challenged broiler chicks. | 1. the effect of zataria multiflora essential oil on replication rate of the h9n2 virus in target organs was determined by real-time pcr. one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups and were challenged with h9n2 influenza. two groups received either 20 or 40 µl/kg body weight/day zataria multiflora essential oils (zm) seven days before the challenge while two other groups received the essential oil at the same dosage but after h9n2 challenge. one group received 4 mg/kg body ... | 2018 | 29768944 |
| detection of an avian lineage influenza a(h7n2) virus in air and surface samples at a new york city feline quarantine facility. | in december 2016, an outbreak of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a(h7n2) occurred in cats at a new york city animal shelter and quickly spread to other shelters in new york and pennsylvania. the a(h7n2) virus also spread to an attending veterinarian. in response, 500 cats were transferred from these shelters to a temporary quarantine facility for continued monitoring and treatment. | 2018 | 29768714 |
| low pathogenic avian influenza exposure risk assessment in australian commercial chicken farms. | this study investigated the pathways of exposure to low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus among australian commercial chicken farms and estimated the likelihood of this exposure occurring using scenario trees and a stochastic modeling approach following the world organization for animal health methodology for risk assessment. input values for the models were sourced from scientific literature and an on-farm survey conducted during 2015 and 2016 among australian commercial chicken farms loc ... | 2018 | 29755987 |
| gene cloning, expression and immune adjuvant properties of the recombinant fusion peptide tα1-blp on avian influenza inactivate virus vaccine. | thymosin α1 (tα1) and bursin-like peptide (blp) are both immunopotentiators. in order to investigate adjuvant of thymosin α1-bursin-like peptide (tα1-blp), we cloned the gene of tα1-blp and provided evidence that the gene of tα1-blp in a recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid was successfully expressed in e. coli bl21. to evaluate the immune adjuvant properties of tα1-blp, chickens were immunized with tα1-blp combined with h9n2 avian influenza whole-inactivated virus (wiv). the titers of hi ... | 2018 | 29730515 |
| characterization of an avian influenza virus h9n2 strain isolated from dove in southern china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of strain h9n2, an avian influenza virus (aiv) isolated from dove in guangxi, china. phylogenetic analysis showed that it was a novel reassortant aiv derived from chicken, duck, and wild bird. this finding provides useful information for understanding the h9n2 subtype of aiv circulating in southern china. | 2018 | 29724842 |
| genomic prediction of avian influenza infection outcome in layer chickens. | avian influenza (ai) is a devastating poultry disease that currently can be controlled only by liquidation of affected flocks. in spite of typically very high mortality rates, a group of survivors was identified and genotyped on a 600k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) chip to identify genetic differences between survivors, and age- and genetics-matched controls from unaffected flocks. in a previous analysis of this dataset, a heritable component was identified and several regions that are as ... | 2018 | 29720082 |
| h7n9 avian influenza virus is efficiently transmissible and induces an antibody response in chickens. | h7n9 viruses pose a threat to human health and they are no less harmful to the poultry industry than the h5n1 avian influenza viruses. however, the pathogenesis, transmissibility, and the host immune response of the h7n9 virus in chickens and mice remain unclear. in this study, we found that h7n9 viruses replicated in multiple organs of the chicken and viral shedding persisted up to 30 days postinoculation (dpi). the viruses were efficiently transmitted between chickens through direct contact. n ... | 2018 | 29706970 |
| evaluation of two compressed air foam systems for culling caged layer hens. | outbreaks of avian influenza (ai) and other highly contagious poultry diseases continue to be a concern for those involved in the poultry industry. in the situation of an outbreak, emergency depopulation of the birds involved is necessary. in this project, two compressed air foam systems (cafs) were evaluated for mass emergency depopulation of layer hens in a manure belt equipped cage system. in both experiments, a randomized block design was used with multiple commercial layer hens treated with ... | 2018 | 29695072 |
| phylogeography of h5n1 avian influenza virus in indonesia. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of the h5n1 subtype are a major concern to human and animal health in indonesia. this study aimed to characterize transmission dynamics of h5n1 over time using novel bayesian phylogeography methods to identify factors which have influenced the spread of h5n1 in indonesia. we used publicly available hemagglutinin sequence data sampled between 2003 and 2016 to model ancestral state reconstruction of hpai h5n1 evolution. we found strong support for h ... | 2018 | 29691995 |
| assessment of biosecurity level in small-scale broiler farms in the western highlands of cameroon (central africa). | the recent outbreak of avian influenza in the poultry sector of cameroon has raised a concern about the level of implementation of biosecurity measures (bm) on poultry farms. therefore, a study using a questionnaire on 102 randomly selected poultry farms was undertaken. some measures with high adoption levels (> 90%) included "protection of airing openings of poultry barns by a wire mesh," "no external animal allowed to enter the farm," "respect of all-in all-out principle," "functional footbath ... | 2018 | 29687218 |
| low- and high-pathogenic avian influenza h5 and h7 spread risk assessment within and between australian commercial chicken farms. | this study quantified and compared the probability of avian influenza (ai) spread within and between australian commercial chicken farms via specified spread pathways using scenario tree mathematical modeling. input values for the models were sourced from scientific literature, expert opinion, and a farm survey conducted during 2015 and 2016 on australian commercial chicken farms located in new south wales (nsw) and queensland. outputs from the models indicate that the probability of no establis ... | 2018 | 29686993 |
| n-halamine incorporated antimicrobial nonwoven fabrics for use against avian influenza virus. | airborne pathogens are one of the most common avenues leading to poultry diseases. preventing the avian influenza (ai) virus from entering the chicken hatchery house is critical for reducing the spread and transmission of ai disease. many studies have investigated the incorporation of antimicrobials into air filters to prevent viruses from entering the indoor environment. n-halamines are one of the most effective antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. in this study, 1-c ... | 2018 | 29685225 |
| analysis of antigen conservation and inactivation of gamma-irradiated avian influenza virus subtype h9n2. | avian influenza (ai) a subtype h9n2 virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae family and causes low-pathogenic disease ai. the use of gamma-irradiated viral antigens has been developed in the production of effective vaccines. in this research, lpaiv h9n2 strain, a/chicken/irn/ghazvin/2001, was multiplied on spf eggs and irradiated by a nordian gamma cell instrument. irradiated and non-irradiated ai virus (aiv) samples were titrated by eid50 method and hemagglutinin (ha) antigen was analyzed by ha test a ... | 2018 | 29685054 |
| influenza viral vectors expressing two kinds of ha proteins as bivalent vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 and h7n9. | the h5 and h7n9 subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) in china pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry. in this study, a replication competent recombinant influenza a virus of the í5n1 subtype expressing the h7 ha1 protein from a tri-cistronic ns segment was constructed. a heterologous dimerization domain was used to combine with the truncated ns1 protein of 73 amino acids to increase protein stability. h7 ha1, nuclear export protein coding reg ... | 2018 | 29670587 |
| intranasal administration of inactivated avian influenza virus of h5n1 subtype vaccine-induced systemic immune response in chicken and mice. | the need for non-parenteral administration of inactivated avian influenza virus of h5n1 subtype (aiv-h5n1) vaccine is paramount. here, we provide preliminary data on the immune response of chicken and mice after intranasal administration of aiv-h5n1-inactivated vaccine with iscoms, inmunair (inm), and combined iscoms and inm as an adjuvant. | 2018 | 29657407 |
| long-term culture of distal airway epithelial cells allows differentiation towards alveolar epithelial cells suited for influenza virus studies. | as the target organ for numerous pathogens, the lung epithelium exerts critical functions in health and disease. however, research in this area has been hampered by the quiescence of the alveolar epithelium under standard culture conditions. here, we used human distal airway epithelial cells (daecs) to generate alveolar epithelial cells. long-term, robust growth of human daecs was achieved using co-culture with feeder cells and supplementation with epidermal growth factor (egf), rho-associated p ... | 2018 | 29937069 |
| enhanced infection of avian influenza virus h9n2 with infectious laryngeotracheitis vaccination in chickens. | avian influenza and infectious laryngeotracheitis viruses are common causes of respiratory diseases in chickens with economical importance worldwide. in this study, we investigated the effect of experimental co-infection of avian influenza virus-h9n2 (aiv-h9n2) with infectious laryngeotracheitis virus (iltv) live-attenuated vaccine (lar-vac®) on chickens. four experimental groups were included in this study: negative control group, aiv-h9n2 group, aiv-h9n2+lar-vac® group, and lar-vac® group. aiv ... | 2018 | 29778208 |
| therapeutic effect of duck interferon-alpha against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in peking ducks. | the antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha (ifn-α) plays a critical role in the innate immune system. previous studies have shown that recombinant chicken ifn-α inhibits avian influenza virus (aiv) replication in vivo; however, the antiviral effect of recombinant duck ifn-α (rduifn-α) on highly pathogenic aiv remains unknown. in this study, the duck ifn-α gene was cloned, expressed, and purified. the antiviral effects of the resulting rduifn-α were further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. our result ... | 2018 | 29638205 |
| adaptive evolution during the establishment of european avian-like h1n1 influenza a virus in swine. | an h1n1 subtype influenza a virus with all eight gene segments derived from wild birds (including mallards), ducks and chickens, caused severe disease outbreaks in swine populations in europe beginning in 1979 and successfully adapted to form the european avian-like swine (ea-swine) influenza lineage. genes of the ea-swine lineage that are clearly segregated from its closest avian relatives continue to circulate in swine populations globally and represent a unique opportunity to study the adapti ... | 2018 | 29636804 |
| efficacy and synergy of live-attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in young chickens. | outbreaks of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have been reported in poultry species in the united states since 2014. these outbreaks have proven the limitations of biosecurity control programs, and new tools are needed to reinforce the current avian influenza control arsenal. some enzootic countries have implemented inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) in their control programs, but there are serious concerns that a long-term use of iiv without eradication may result in the selecti ... | 2018 | 29624615 |
| the effect of infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunosuppression on vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. | poor efficacy of avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccines in chickens has been documented in the field in spite of good results in experimental settings. although the causes are multifactorial and complex, one contributing factor may be prior infection with immunosuppressive viruses. in an effort to evaluate the role of immunosuppressive agents on aiv pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy, the effect of prior infection with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a ubiquitous immunosuppressive virus of ... | 2018 | 29620467 |
| biosecurity assessment and seroprevalence of respiratory diseases in backyard poultry flocks located close to and far from commercial premises. | raising backyard chickens is an ever-growing hobby in the united states. these flocks can be a substrate for respiratory disease amplification and transmission to commercial facilities. five hundred fifty-four chickens from 41 backyard flocks were sampled in this study. elisa kits were used to detect antibodies against avian influenza (ai), infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt), newcastle disease (nd), infectious bronchitis (ib), ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), ... | 2018 | 29620463 |
| effectiveness of different avian influenza (h5) vaccination regimens in layer chickens on the humoral immune response and interferon-alpha signalling immune marker. | avian influenza (ai) vaccines are widely used to control and eliminate the ongoing avian influenza virus epidemic in egypt. a strict vaccination policy with inactivated ai vaccines has been widely applied, however the virus still circulating, evolving and causing great negative impact to the poultry sector in egypt. therefore, an updated poultry vaccination policy using different vaccine technologies might be valuable as an innovative additional control strategy of aiv in egypt. in the present s ... | 2018 | 29619666 |
| risk factors for avian influenza h9 infection of chickens in live bird retail stalls of lahore district, pakistan 2009-2010. | this study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with aiv infections in live bird retail stalls (lbrs) in lahore district, pakistan. a cross-sectional survey of lbrs was conducted from december 2009-february 2010 using two-stage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size. a total of 280 oropharyngeal swab sample pools were collected from 1400 birds in 8 clusters and tested by qrt-pcr for the matrix (m) gene of type a influenza virus and ha gene subtypes h9, h5 and h7. ... | 2018 | 29618780 |
| does eating chicken feet with pickled peppers cause avian influenza? observational case study on chinese social media during the avian influenza a (h7n9) outbreak. | a hot topic on the relationship between a popular avian-origin food and avian influenza occurred on social media during the outbreak of the emerging avian influenza a (h7n9). the misinformation generated from this topic had caused great confusion and public concern. | 2018 | 29599109 |
| a participatory system for preventing pandemics of animal origins: pilot study of the participatory one health disease detection (podd) system. | aiming for early disease detection and prompt outbreak control, digital technology with a participatory one health approach was used to create a novel disease surveillance system called participatory one health disease detection (podd). podd is a community-owned surveillance system that collects data from volunteer reporters; identifies disease outbreak automatically; and notifies the local governments (lgs), surrounding villages, and relevant authorities. this system provides a direct and immed ... | 2018 | 29563079 |
| avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 affects intestinal microbiota, barrier structure injury, and inflammatory intestinal disease in the chicken ileum. | avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 (h9n2 aiv) has caused significant losses to the poultry industry due to the high mortality associated with secondary infections attributable to e. coli. this study tries to address the underlying secondary mechanisms after h9n2 aiv infection. initially, nine day-old specific pathogen-free chickens were assigned to control (uninfected) and h9n2-infected groups, respectively. using illumina sequencing, histological examination, and quantitative real-time pcr, it ... | 2018 | 29783653 |
| dwarf chickens with low monocytes/macrophages phagocytic activity show low antibody titers but greater performance. | monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis has key roles in inflammatory responses. however, systematic research on the effects of monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis on production and reproductive performance in dwarf chickens is lacking. in this study, we developed the hct-8-mtt method to detect monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis product (pp) which was accuracy, flexible, and saving time. based on pp in 990 dwarf chickens (890 hens and 100 cocks), chickens were divided into high phagocytosis product gr ... | 2018 | 29653827 |
| a duplex rt-pcr assay for detection of h9 subtype avian influenza viruses and infectious bronchitis viruses. | h9 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are major pathogens circulating in poultry and have resulted in great economic losses due to respiratory disease and reduced egg production. as similar symptoms are elicited by the two pathogens, it is difficult for their differential diagnosis. so far, no reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay has been found to differentiate between h9 aiv and ibv in one reaction. therefore, developing a sensiti ... | 2016 | 32288952 |
| an intelligent device for diagnosing avian diseases: newcastle, infectious bronchitis, avian influenza. | in commercial poultry production there are a number of diseases which are of particular importance due to the heavy economic losses that can arise if a flock becomes infected. the development of an automated and rapid disease detection system would therefore be of considerable benefit to both production and animal welfare. this study represents an intelligence device for diagnosing avian diseases by using data-mining methods and dempster-shafer evidence theory (d-s). 14-day-old chickens were div ... | 2016 | 32287574 |
| [analysis of egg-adapted mutations in influenza a h1n1pdm09 viruses in hubei province of china, 2013-2014]. | influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus; chicken embryo; phylogenetic tree; egg-adaptation; antigenic site; drug-resistance site; abstract: to investigate egg-adapted mutation in influenza a h1n1pdm09 viruses isolated from the hubei influenza surveillance network, a comparative analysis was performed of three influenza a h1n1pdm09 viruses isolated in chicken embryo and the corresponding mdck cell-derived viruses. analyses included examination of the phylogenetic tree, evolutionary rates, amino acid substitu ... | 2016 | 30001580 |
| evaluation of kefir as a potential probiotic on growth performance, serum biochemistry and immune responses in broiler chicks. | this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of milk or molasses kefir as a probiotic on growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemistry and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens. a total of 192 one-d-old as hatched broiler chicks (ross 308) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments, each with 4 replicate pens of 12 chicks. the following treatments were applied: 1) a basal diet (c) and normal drinking water, 2) 2% milk kefir in drinking water, 3) 2% molasses kefir in drinking ... | 2015 | 29767062 |
| feeding sentinels: logics of care and biosecurity in farms and labs. | this article compares the treatment of living beings (unvaccinated chickens and infected cells) considered as sentinel devices in a farm and in a lab in hong kong. sentinel devices are defined as living beings posted on a boundary from which they send signals of invisible threats. the ethnography looks at how they transform differences between ordinary lives and lives exposed, between good death and bad death, through the practices of those who feed them. in farms and labs exposed to avian influ ... | 2015 | 32226467 |
| full-length characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of h9n2 virus isolated from broilers in iran during 1998-2007. | h9n2 avian influenza a viruses (aiv) have become panzootic in eurasia over the last decade and are endemic in iran since 1998, and inactivated vaccine has been used in chickens to control the disease. the hemagglutinin (ha), one of eight protein-coding genes, plays an important role during the early stage of infection. to study their evolution and zoonotic potential, we conducted an in silico analysis of h9n2 viruses that have infected broiler in tehran province, iran between 1998 and 2007. the ... | 2013 | 32214973 |
| screening efficient sirnas in vitro as the candidate genes for chicken anti-avian influenza virus h5n1 breeding. | the frequent disease outbreaks caused by avian influenza virus (aiv) not only affect the poultry industry but also pose a threat to human safety. to address the problem, rna interference (rnai) has recently been widely used as a potential antiviral approach. transgenesis, in combination with rnai to specifically inhibit aiv gene expression, has been proposed to make chickens resistant to avian influenza. for the transgenic breeding, screening the efficient sirnas in vitro as the candidate genes ... | 2010 | 32214469 |
| microgravimetric immunosensor for direct detection of aerosolized influenza a virus particles. | the development and characterization of a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensor for the direct detection of aerosolized influenza a virions is reported. self-assembled monolayers (sams) of mercaptoundecanoic acid (mua) are formed on qcm gold electrodes to provide a surface amenable for the immobilization of anti-influenza a antibodies using nhs/edc coupling chemistry. the surface-bound antibody provides a selective and specific sensing interface for the capture of influenza virions. a nebuliz ... | 2007 | 32288239 |
| emergence and multiple reassortments of french 2015-2016 highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza viruses. | from november 2015 to august 2016, 81 outbreaks of highly pathogenic (hp) h5 avian influenza virus were detected in poultry farms from south-western france. these viruses were mainly detected in farms raising waterfowl, but also in chicken or guinea fowl flocks, and did not induce severe signs in waterfowl although they did meet the hp criteria. three different types of neuraminidases (n1, n2 and n9) were associated with the hp h5 gene. full genomes sequences of 24 h5hp and 6 lp viruses that cir ... | 2018 | 29649578 |
| a small-scale study on airborne transmission of h9n2 avian influenza virus under field conditions. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aiv) can transmit in chicken flocks through direct contact and aerosols. nevertheless, data on airborne transmission of aiv is very limited, especially under field conditions. to fill this literature gap, this study was designed to investigate airborne transmission of h9n2 aiv originating from infected chicken flocks under field conditions, with the aim to further characterize the airborne transmission of h9n2 aiv. | 2018 | 31626603 |
| tilapia lake virus does not hemagglutinate avian and piscine erythrocytes and nh4cl does not inhibit viral replication in vitro. | tilapia lake virus (tilv) is a negative-sense single-stranded rna (-ssrna) icosahedral virus classified to be the only member in the family amnoonviridae. although tilv segment-1 shares homology with the influenza c virus pb1 and has four conserved motifs similar to influenza a, b, and c polymerases, it is unknown whether there are other properties shared between tilv and orthomyxovirus. in the present study, we wanted to determine whether tilv agglutinated avian and piscine erythrocytes, and wh ... | 2019 | 31842425 |
| detection of lymphoproliferative disease virus in canada in a survey for viruses in ontario wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo). | the successful reintroduction of wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo) to ontario, canada, has led to established populations in southern portions of the province and currently allows for biannual hunting seasons. these populations geographically overlap domestic turkey farms, an important sector of the provincial agri-food industry. potential pathogen transmission between wild turkeys and domestic turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo) is a concern, because they are susceptible to infection with many of ... | 2019 | 30124393 |
| molecular survey of respiratory and immunosuppressive pathogens associated with low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 subtype and virulent newcastle disease viruses in commercial chicken flocks. | the study was carried out in 48 poultry flocks to elucidate the roles of various complicating pathogens involved along with newcastle disease (nd)/ low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) outbreaks. necropsy was conducted and samples were collected for the isolation of newcastle disease virus (ndv), influenza a virus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), pathogenic bacteria; molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowl adeno virus (fav), chicken anaemia virus (cav), mycopla ... | 2017 | 32908424 |
| molecular surveillance for avian influenza a virus in king penguins (aptenodytes patagonicus). | an investigation of the presence of influenza a virus has been conducted in king penguins (aptenodytes patagonicus) at the possession island in the crozet archipelago, antarctica, using a rapid molecular diagnostic method based on real-time polymerase chain reaction. no evidence of outbreak or positive viral infection of influenza a virus was found in this study. we however recommend the implementation of long-term surveillance in seabird populations of polar ecosystems to detect the potential i ... | 2009 | 32214634 |
| viral shedding of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza a viruses by american robins. | american robins (turdus migratorius) are commonly associated with farmsteads in the united states and have shown previous evidence of exposure to an h5 avian influenza a virus (iav) near a poultry production facility affected by a highly pathogenic (hp) h5 virus in iowa, usa during 2015. we experimentally infected american robins with three clade 2.3.4.4 hp h5 viruses (h5n2 and h5n8). a total of 22/24 american robins shed virus, and all three strains were represented. the highest virus titres sh ... | 2018 | 30014592 |
| investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) in northwestern germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens. | the population of ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over germany since the years 2008/2009. besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. in the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasan ... | 2018 | 32214944 |
| the genome sequence of an h6n5 influenza a virus strain isolated from a northern pintail (anas acuta) sampled in alaska, usa, shares high identity with that of a south korean wild bird strain. | we report the genome sequence of an h6n5 influenza a virus isolated from a northern pintail sampled in alaska in 2017. all segment sequences shared >99% nucleotide identity with those of a wild bird strain from south korea. this finding supports viral dispersal between east asia and north america by wild birds. | 2020 | 32817149 |
| experimental infection of h5n1 and h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in northern pintail (anas acuta). | the wide geographic spread of eurasian goose/guangdong lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses by wild birds is of great concern. in december 2014, an h5n8 hpai clade 2.3.4.4 group a (2.3.4.4a) virus was introduced to north america. long-distance migratory wild aquatic birds between east asia and north america, such as northern pintail (anas acuta), were strongly suspected of being a source of intercontinental transmission. in this study, we evaluated the pathogeni ... | 2018 | 29726612 |
| influenza a virus recovery, diversity, and intercontinental exchange: a multi-year assessment of wild bird sampling at izembek national wildlife refuge, alaska. | western alaska is a potential point-of-entry for foreign-origin influenza a viruses (iavs) into north america via migratory birds. we sampled waterfowl and gulls for iavs at izembek national wildlife refuge (nwr) in western alaska, usa, during late summer and autumn months of 2011-2015, to evaluate the abundance and diversity of viruses at this site. we collected 4842 samples across five years from 25 species of wild birds resulting in the recovery, isolation, and sequencing of 172 iavs. with th ... | 2018 | 29621333 |
| effect of omega-3 rich diet on the response of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) infected with newcastle disease virus or avian influenza virus h9n2. | this study was performed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titres, gene expression and histopathology in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) infected with newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv) h9n2. one hundred, 40-day-old male quails were divided into 5 groups: g1, fed a control basal diet; g2a, infected with ndv; g2b, infected with h9n2; g3a, infected ... | 2020 | 31712184 |
| serologic evidence for influenza a virus exposure in three loon species breeding in alaska, usa. | limited information exists about exposure to influenza a viruses (iavs) in many wild waterbird species, including loons. we analyzed serum samples from breeding adult pacific (gavia pacifica), red-throated (gavia stellata), and yellow-billed (gavia adamsii) loons sampled at three locations along the coast of alaska, us from 2008 to 2017 to gain a better understanding of the potential role loons play in iav ecology. we screened loon sera for iav antibodies using three tests-blocking enzyme-linked ... | 2019 | 30896365 |
| recombinant hemagglutinin glycoproteins provide insight into binding to host cells by h5 influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds. | clade 2.3.4.4, h5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have caused devastating effects across wild and domestic bird populations. we investigated differences in the intensity and distribution of the hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein binding of a clade 2.3.4.4 h5 hpaiv compared to a h5 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv). recombinant ha from gene sequences from a hpaiv, a/northern pintail/washington/40964/2014(h5n2) and a lpaiv, a/mallard/mn/410/2000(h5n2) were genera ... | 2020 | 32861143 |
| intercontinental spread of asian-origin h7 avian influenza viruses by captive bird trade in 1990's. | wild bird migration and illegal trade of infected poultry, eggs, and poultry products have been associated with the spread of avian influenza viruses (aiv). during 1992-1996, h7n1 and h7n8 low pathogenic aiv (lpaiv) were identified from captive wild birds; such as pekin robin (leiothrix lutea), magpie robin (copsychus saularis), flycatcher sp. (genus empidonax), a species of softbill and parakeet, sun conure (aratinga solstitialis), painted conure (pyrrhura picta), fairy bluebird (irena puella), ... | 2019 | 31054314 |
| the pathogenesis of a north american h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 group a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (melanitta perspicillata). | aquatic waterfowl, particularly those in the order anseriformes and charadriiformes, are the ecological reservoir of avian influenza viruses (aivs). dabbling ducks play a recognized role in the maintenance and transmission of aivs. furthermore, the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic aiv (hpaiv) in dabbling ducks is well characterized. in contrast, the role of diving ducks in hpaiv maintenance and transmission remains unclear. in this study, the pathogenesis of a north american a/goose/1/guangdong ... | 2020 | 32967673 |
| detection of a reassortant h9n2 avian influenza virus with intercontinental gene segments in a resident australian chestnut teal. | the present study reports the genetic characterization of a low-pathogenicity h9n2 avian influenza virus, initially from a pool and subsequently from individual faecal samples collected from chestnut teals (anas castanea) in southeastern australia. phylogenetic analyses of six full gene segments and two partial gene segments obtained from next-generation sequencing showed that this avian influenza virus, a/chestnut teal/australia/ct08.18/12952/2018 (h9n2), was a typical, low-pathogenicity, euras ... | 2020 | 31940999 |
| serologic evidence of exposure to highly pathogenic avian influenza h5 viruses in migratory shorebirds, australia. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5nx viruses of the goose/guangdong/96 lineage continue to cause outbreaks in poultry and wild birds globally. shorebirds, known reservoirs of avian influenza viruses, migrate from siberia to australia along the east-asian-australasian flyway. we examined whether migrating shorebirds spending nonbreeding seasons in australia were exposed to hpai h5 viruses. we compared those findings with those for a resident duck species. we screened >1,500 blood samples ... | 2019 | 31538564 |
| neutralizing antibodies to type a influenza viruses in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, usa. | influenza a virus (iav) infections in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, us, have historically included avian hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes h1-13 and h16. in a given year, infections are characterized by a limited number of ha and neuraminidase subtypes and a dominant ha subtype that often represents >50% of all isolates. predominant ha subtypes shift between consecutive years. in addition, infection prevalence is consistently higher in ruddy turnstones (rutu; arenaria interpres morinella) co ... | 2018 | 29741997 |
| migration, pathogens and the avian microbiome: a comparative study in sympatric migrants and residents. | animals generally benefit from their gastrointestinal microbiome, but the factors that influence the composition and dynamics of their microbiota remain poorly understood. studies of nonmodel host species can illuminate how microbiota and their hosts interact in natural environments. we investigated the role of migratory behaviour in shaping the gut microbiota of free-ranging barn swallows (hirundo rustica) by studying co-occurring migrant and resident subspecies sampled during the autumn migrat ... | 2020 | 33001530 |
| influenza a viruses in ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres); connecting wintering and migratory sites with an ecological hotspot at delaware bay. | each may for over three decades, avian influenza a viruses (iavs) have been isolated from shorebirds and gulls (order charadriiformes) at delaware bay (de bay), usa, which is a critical stopover site for shorebirds on their spring migration to arctic breeding grounds. at de bay, most isolates have been recovered from ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres), but it is unknown if this species is involved in either the maintenance or movement of these viruses outside of this site. we collected and te ... | 2020 | 33105913 |
| genetic evidence for the intercontinental movement of avian influenza viruses possessing north american-origin nonstructural gene allele b into south korea. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) are genetically separated by geographical barriers, resulting in the independent evolution of north american and eurasian lineages. in the present study, to determine whether aivs possessing the north american-origin nonstructural (ns) gene were previously introduced into south korea, we performed a genetic analysis of aivs isolated from fecal samples of migratory birds. we detected seven viruses possessing the north american-origin ns allele b among 413 aiv-positi ... | 2018 | 30196122 |
| wild birds in live birds markets: potential reservoirs of enzootic avian influenza viruses and antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae in northern egypt. | wild migratory birds are often implicated in the introduction, maintenance, and global dissemination of different pathogens, such as influenza a viruses (iav) and antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria. trapping of migratory birds during their resting periods at the northern coast of egypt is a common and ancient practice performed mainly for selling in live bird markets (lbm). in the present study, samples were collected from 148 wild birds, representing 14 species, which were being offered for ... | 2020 | 32155863 |