| influenza a(h7n9) virus emerged and resulted in human infections in chongqing, southwestern china since 2017. | influenza a(h7n9) virus has emerged and resulted in human infections in chongqing, southwestern china since 2017. this study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the first epidemic in this region. | 2019 | 30797966 |
| enhanced cross-lineage protection induced by recombinant h9n2 avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine. | antigenic drift of h9n2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv) may result in vaccination failure in the poultry industry and thus a cross-protective vaccine against h9n2 aiv is highly desirable. | 2019 | 30797637 |
| effect of feeding chinese herb medicine ageratum-liquid on intestinal bacterial translocations induced by h9n2 aiv in mice. | as a low pathogenic influenza virus, avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 (h9n2 aiv) often induces high morbidity in association with secondary bacterial infections in chickens or mammals. to explore this phenomenon, the relationship between intestinal microflora changes and bacterial translocations was studied post h9n2 aiv challenge and post aiv infection plus ageratum-liquid treatment. | 2019 | 30791956 |
| host cell interactome of pb1 n40 protein of h5n1 influenza a virus in chicken cells. | h5n1 influenza a virus (iav) causes seasonal epidemics that represent a worldwide threat to public health. iav relies on host factors for viral replication. pb1 n40 is translated from the fifth starting code (aug) of pb1 mrna, which is the product of the ribosomal scan omission. here, we report the interactome landscape of h5n1 iav pb1 n40 protein in chicken cells. the interacting complexes were captured by co-immunoprecipitation and analyzed by mass spectrometry. we identified 135 proteins as p ... | 2019 | 30790688 |
| multiplex one-step real-time pcr assay for rapid simultaneous detection of velogenic and mesogenic newcastle disease virus and h5-subtype avian influenza virus. | h5 avian influenza virus (aiv) and velogenic newcastle disease virus (v-ndv) are pathogens listed in the oie terrestrial animal health code and are considered key pathogens to be eliminated in poultry production. molecular techniques for rapid detection of h5 aiv and v-ndv are required to investigate their transmission characteristics and to guide prevention. traditional virus isolation, using embryonated chicken eggs, is time-consuming and cannot be used as a rapid diagnostic technology. in thi ... | 2019 | 30790106 |
| reassortments among avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses circulating in indonesia, 2015-2016. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses have been circulating since 2003 in indonesia, with major impacts on poultry health, severe economic losses, and 168 fatal laboratory-confirmed human cases. we performed phylogenetic analysis on 39 full-genome h5n1 virus samples collected during outbreaks among poultry in 2015-2016 in west java and compared them with recently published sequences from indonesia. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin gene of all samples belon ... | 2019 | 30789142 |
| mhc class ii proteins mediate cross-species entry of bat influenza viruses. | zoonotic influenza a viruses of avian origin can cause severe disease in individuals, or even global pandemics, and thus pose a threat to human populations. waterfowl and shorebirds are believed to be the reservoir for all influenza a viruses, but this has recently been challenged by the identification of novel influenza a viruses in bats1,2. the major bat influenza a virus envelope glycoprotein, haemagglutinin, does not bind the canonical influenza a virus receptor, sialic acid or any other gly ... | 2019 | 30787439 |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of north american h7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens and turkeys. | low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses can silently circulate in poultry and wild aquatic birds and potentially mutate into highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses. in the u.s., recent emergence and spread of h7n8 and h7n9 hpai viruses not only caused devastating losses to domestic poultry but also underscored the capability of lpai viruses to mutate into hpai viruses. therefore, in this study, we evaluated pathogenicity and transmissibility of h7n8 and h7n9 lpai viruses (the pro ... | 2019 | 30781528 |
| antiviral, embryo toxic and cytotoxic activities of astragalus membranaceus root extracts. | antiviral activity of astragalus membranaceus aqueous and methanol root extracts was determined against avian influenza h9 virus. toxicity profile of extracts was evaluated using chicken embryos and bhk-21 cell line. different concentrations (400, 200, 100, 50, 25. 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12μg/ml) of both aqueous and methanol extracts were mixed with standard virus inoculum (4haunits) and incubated for 30minutes at 37°c prior to inject the chicken embryos. chorioallantoic fluid harvested 72 hours post ... | 2019 | 30772802 |
| difference in pathogenicity of 2 strains of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in broiler chicken. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j has been found to infect many types of chickens with various genetic backgrounds. the alv-j strain nx0101, which was isolated from broiler breeders in 2001, mainly induces the formation of myeloid cell tumors. however, strain hn10py01, which was recently isolated from laying hens, mainly induces the formation of myeloid cell tumors and hemangioma. in order to determine the difference in pathogenicity of the 2 strains in broiler chickens, 2 groups of chicken embryo ... | 2019 | 30768138 |
| influenza virus a (h1 and h3) and b co-circulation among patient presenting with acute respiratory tract infection in ibadan, nigeria. | influenza is an acute respiratory disease that continues to cause global epidemics and pandemics in human with significant mortality and morbidity. | 2018 | 30766579 |
| an avian influenza virus a(h7n9) reassortant that recently emerged in the united states with low pathogenic phenotype does not efficiently infect swine. | in 2017, outbreaks of low and highly pathogenic avian h7n9 viruses were reported in four states in the united states. in total, over 270 000 birds died or were culled, causing significant economic loss. the potential for avian-to-swine transmission of the u.s. avian h7n9 was unknown. in an experimental challenge in swine using a representative low pathogenic h7n9 (a/chicken/tennessee/17-007431-3/2017; lpai tn/17) isolated from these events, no infectious virus in the upper and minimal virus in t ... | 2019 | 30761746 |
| [high expression and immunogenicity analysis of ha globular head domain of h5 subtype avian influenza virus produced in pichia pastoris]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of ha globular head domain of h5 subtype influenza virus (h5ha), the gene of h5ha was optimized and the recombinant ppiczaa-h5ha expressing vector was constructed and transfected into pichia pastoris. the expression of the recombinant h5ha was confirmed by sds-page and western blotting and the results demonstrated that the recombinant h5ha (37 kda) was highly expressed in pichia pastoris with concentration of 0.2 mg/ml in medium. the recombinant h5ha was concentrat ... | 2019 | 30756534 |
| soluble expression, rapid purification, biological identification of chicken interferon-alpha using a thioredoxin fusion system in e. coli and its antiviral effects to h9n2 avian influenza virus. | in this paper, we report a soluble expression based on escherichia coli and two-step purification of a novel thioredoxin-tagged chicken interferon-α fusion protein (trx-rchifn-α) by using pet32a(+) expression system. the mature chifn-α gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and subcloned into pet-32a (+) vector prior to transformation into rosetta (de3) competent cells. after iptg induction, the recombinant fusion protein was expressed efficiently in the s ... | 2019 | 30734625 |
| in silico thermodynamic stability of mammalian adaptation and virulence determinants in polymerase complex proteins of h9n2 virus. | the polymerase complex proteins (pb2, pb1, and pa) are responsible primarily for the replication of avian influenza virus and play an important role in virus virulence, mammalian adaptation, and interspecies transmission. in this study; eight egyptian lpai-h9n2 viruses isolated from apparent healthy chickens and quails from 2014 to 2016. characterization of complete nucleotide sequences, phylogenetic and mutation analysis were carried out. the measurement of thermodynamic stability of the h9n2 p ... | 2018 | 30733797 |
| full-genome characterization and genetic analysis of a h9n2 virus in commercial broilers in iran, 2017. | since 1998, iran's poultry industry has faced several outbreaks of low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2. tissue samples were collected from a broiler flock with respiratory symptoms in autumn 2017. after that, virus isolation and confirmation of h9n2 using rt-pcr, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis for all eight genes were performed. the phylogenic analysis revealed ha gene of recent iranian isolate (a/chicken/mashhad/ut-barin/2017) which was clustered in g1 sublineage. in addition, all eight ... | 2019 | 30729386 |
| inactivated h5 antigens of h5n8 protect chickens from lethal infections by the highly pathogenic h5n8 and h5n6 avian influenza viruses. | highly pathogenic asian h5-subtype avian influenza viruses have been found in poultry and wild birds worldwide since they were first detected in southern china in 1996. extensive control efforts have not eradicated them. vaccination prevents such viruses infecting poultry and reduces the number lost to compulsory slaughter. the study showed the efficacy of inactivated h5 vaccine from the h5n8 virus against highly pathogenic h5n8 and h5n6 avian influenza viruses in chickens. | 2018 | 30729196 |
| heterosubtypic protection against avian influenza virus by live attenuated and chimeric norovirus p-particle-m2e vaccines in chickens. | avian influenza in poultry continues to be a great concern worldwide, and the currently licensed inactivated influenza vaccines are not effective against the novel strains of influenza virus that continue to emerge in the field. this warrants the development of more broadly protective influenza vaccines or vaccination regimens. live attenuated influenza vaccines (laivs) and subunit vaccines derived from viral peptides, such as the highly conserved ectodomain of influenza virus matrix protein 2 ( ... | 2019 | 30691981 |
| the cellular localization of avian influenza virus pb1-f2 protein alters the magnitude of ifn2 promoter and nfκb-dependent promoter antagonism in chicken cells. | the accessory protein, pb1-f2, of influenza a virus (iav) functions in a chicken host to prolong infectious virus shedding and thus the transmission window. here we show that this delay in virus clearance by pb1-f2 in chickens is accompanied by reduced transcript levels of type 1 interferon (ifn)-induced genes and nfκb-activated pro-inflammation cytokines. in vitro, two avian influenza isolate-derived pb1-f2 proteins, h9n2 udl01 and h5n1 5092, exhibited the same antagonism of the ifn and pro-inf ... | 2019 | 30672726 |
| recombinant baculovirus vaccine expressing hemagglutinin of h7n9 avian influenza virus confers full protection against lethal highly pathogenic h7n9 virus infection in chickens. | the emergent highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h7n9) (hpai) virus is a major public concern in china. therefore, it is crucially important to develop an effective vaccine against this virus. in this study, we constructed a baculovirus vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin (ha) of h7n9 strain a/chicken/jiaxing/148/2014 (jx148). the recombinant baculovirus (rbac-jx148ha) generated in this study showed good growth in insect cells and good safety, and it stably expressed the ha protein. we compare ... | 2019 | 30671655 |
| developing farm-level post-vaccination sero-monitoring systems for h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in an endemically infected country. | whilst the serological responses of poultry following vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 has been extensively investigated under laboratory conditions, there have been fewer studies conducted in the field. this applies particularly to the endemically infected countries routinely practicing vaccination, where the combination of multiple circulating clades and/or the use of vaccines with different seed strains makes the design and interpretation of field studies especially ... | 2018 | 30671438 |
| co-infections, genetic, and antigenic relatedness of avian influenza h5n8 and h5n1 viruses in domestic and wild birds in egypt. | a total of 50 poultry farms of commercial broilers (n = 39) and commercial layers (n = 11) suffered from respiratory problems and mortality during the period from january 2016 to december 2017 were investigated. also, samples were collected from quail (n = 4), bluebird (sialis, n = 1), and greenfinch (chloris chloris, n = 1) for analysis. respiratory viral pathogens were screened by pcr and positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and genetic identification. antigenic relatedness of is ... | 2019 | 30668795 |
| stable transfection of eimeria necatrix through nucleofection of second generation merozoites. | eimeria spp., the causative agents of coccidiosis, are the most common protozoan pathogens of chickens. infection with these parasites can result in poor development or death of animals leading to a devastating economic impact on poultry production. the establishment of transfection protocols for genetic manipulation of eimeria species and stable expression of genes would help advance the biology of these parasites as well as establish these organisms as novel vaccine delivery vehicles. here, we ... | 2019 | 30658178 |
| recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing h9 hemagglutinin providing protection against h9n2 avian influenza. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) were prevailing in chickens, causing great economic losses and public health threats. in this study, turkey herpesviruses (hvt) was cloned as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes (bac). recombinant hvt (rhvt-h9) containing hemagglutinin (ha) gene from h9n2 virus were constructed via galactokinase (galk) selection and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated 9 (crispr/cas9) gene editing system. the recombinant rhvt-h9 showe ... | 2019 | 30641481 |
| evaluation of a rapid isothermal nucleic acid amplification kit, alere™ i influenza a&b, for the detection of avian influenza viruses. | rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza virus infection is essential for quick responses for both human and animal health. the alere™ i influenza a&b is a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification kit that can detect and differentiate between influenza a and b viruses in human specimens in approximately 15 min. in the present study, the performance of the alere™ i influenza a&b kit was evaluated for its ability to detect avian influenza virus in chickens. the kit was able to detect represent ... | 2019 | 30633948 |
| [three mutations in the stalk region of hemagglutinin affect the ph of fusion and pathogenicity of h5n1 influenza virus]. | previously, an attenuated variant ku/at was obtained from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/chicken/kurgan/3/2005 (h5n1) by a reverse selection method aimed at increasing the virus resistance to a proteolytic cleavage and acidic ph values. in the ku/at, 10 mutations in proteins pb2, pb1, ha, na, and ns1 occurred. in comparison with the parental strain, the ph of the conformational transition of the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) and virulence for mice and chickens have decreas ... | 2019 | 30633245 |
| impact of the variations in potential glycosylation sites of the hemagglutinin of h9n2 influenza virus. | variations in the potential glycosylation sites were observed in hemagglutinin (ha) sequences of h9n2 avian influenza virus isolated in china, deposited in the influenza virus resource of ncbi before 2017, which showed a deleted glycosylation site at amino acid residue 218, and an introduced glycosylation site at amino acid residue 313. based on the variations in the glycosylation sites at these amino acids, h9n2 avian influenza viruses could be divided into three categories. firstly, most of th ... | 2019 | 30594968 |
| generation of highly productive and mammalian nonpathogenic recombinant h9n2 avian influenza viruses by optimization of 3'end promoter and ns genome. | we developed a/pr/8/34 (pr8) virus-based reverse genetics system in which six internal genes of pr8 and attenuated hemagglutinin and intact neuraminidase genes of field avian influenza viruses (aivs) have been used for the generation of highly productive recombinant vaccine strains. the 6 + 2 recombinant vaccine strains can induce protective humoral immunity against intended field aivs; however, the epitopes of b and t cells encoded by internal genes may be important for heterosubtypic protectio ... | 2019 | 30593370 |
| a novel recombinant attenuated newcastle disease virus expressing h9 subtype hemagglutinin protected chickens from challenge by genotype vii virulent newcastle disease virus and h9n2 avian influenza virus. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) and h9 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) are two avian pathogens across the globe. inasmuch as most poultry flocks worldwide are vaccinated with a live low-virulence or attenuated ndv vaccine, we embarked on the development of vaccine prototypes that would have dual specificities and would allow a single immunization against both avian influenza (ai) and newcastle disease (nd). therefore, in the present work, a cloned full-length copy of the genome of the lentogen ... | 2019 | 30593364 |
| dietary selenium supplementation enhances antiviral immunity in chickens challenged with low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h9n2. | selenium supplementation in poultry feeds has been known to have beneficial effects on the bird health and performance; however antiviral effects of selenium have remained largely unknown. in this study, we have evaluated the effects of supplementation of chicken diets with organic (selenium enriched yeast; sey) and inorganic selenium (sodium selenite; ss) on low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (h9n2) shedding in the cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples as well as examined the expression o ... | 2019 | 30593352 |
| crude inactivated influenza a virus adjuvated with a bispecific antibody complex targeting chicken cd40 and aiv m2e confers protection against lethal hpai challenge in chickens. | in vivo targeting an immunogen to the cd40 receptor expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (apcs) dramatically enhances speed, magnitude, and quality of the immune response. our previous evaluation of this strategy in poultry was limited to immunogenicity studies using cd40-targeted synthetic peptides, which demonstrated significant antigen-specific serum igg and tracheal iga levels <1 week after primary administration. in this study, this antibody-guided immunization strategy was mo ... | 2018 | 30592705 |
| efficacy of a recombinant turkey herpesvirus ai (h5) vaccine in preventing transmission of heterologous highly pathogenic h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4b challenge virus in commercial broilers and layer pullets. | outbreaks caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n8 subtype clade 2.3.4.4 were first reported in 2014 in south korea then spread very rapidly in asia, to europe, and for the first time, to north america. efficacy of a recombinant hvt-ai (h5) vaccine (rhvt-h5) to provide clinical protection as well as to significantly reduce the shedding of an h5n8 challenge virus has already been demonstrated in spf chickens. the aim of our studies was to test the efficacy of the same rh ... | 2018 | 30584541 |
| lectin microarray analyses reveal host cell-specific glycan profiles of the hemagglutinins of influenza a viruses. | glycan structures on hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a viruses have been analyzed previously to understand their significance. however, the formerly established methods using mass spectrometry present disadvantages such as procedure complexity, sensitivity, and throughput. our study has established a novel method for analyzing glycan profiles of ha using lectin microarray techniques. we successfully obtained glycan profiles of ha starting from 1 ml of the 106 tcid50 samples through simple antige ... | 2019 | 30503907 |
| glycosylation and an amino acid insertion in the head of hemagglutinin independently affect the antigenic properties of h5n1 avian influenza viruses. | antigenic drift forces us to frequently update influenza vaccines; however, the genetic basis for antigenic variation remains largely unknown. in this study, we used clade 7.2 h5 viruses as models to explore the molecular determinants of influenza virus antigenic variation. we generated eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeted to the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of the index virus a/chicken/shanxi/2/2006 and found that two representative antigenically drifted clade 7.2 viruses did not react wit ... | 2019 | 30515728 |
| a viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic h7n7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infection in poultry caused devastating mortality and economic losses. hpaiv of subtypes h5 and h7 emerge from precursor viruses of low pathogenicity (lp) by spontaneous mutation associated with a shift in the susceptibility of the endoproteolytic cleavage site of the viral hemagglutinin protein from trypsin- to furin-like proteases. a recently described natural pair of lp/hp h7n7 viruses derived from two spatio-temporally linked outbreaks in layer ... | 2018 | 30514922 |
| antiviral response elicited against avian influenza virus infection following activation of toll-like receptor (tlr)7 signaling pathway is attributable to interleukin (il)-1β production. | single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssrna) binds to toll-like receptor (tlr)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. in chickens, ssrna has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. the objectives of this study were to determine the pro-inflammatory mediators that are activated downstream of tlr7 signaling pathway in avian macrophages and their roles in antiviral response ... | 2018 | 30514372 |
| an avian influenza virus h6n1 outbreak in commercial layers: case report and reproduction of the disease. | an outbreak of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) subtype h6n1 (intravenous pathogenicity index = 0.11) infection occurred in four productive brown layer flocks on three farms in the netherlands within a period of two months. the farms were located at a maximum distance of 4.6 km from each other. the infections were associated with egg production drops up to 74%, pale eggshells and persisting high mortality up to 3.2% per week. three flocks were slaughtered prematurely as they were not profit ... | 2019 | 30484684 |
| intravenous pathogenicity of influenza virus a/h5n1/2014 isolated from pig in ogbomoso, nigeria. | understanding the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses in poultry is an important scientific and public health challenge because of antigenic shift/drift and a source of novel, potentially human-pathogenic strains. we have previously isolated an influenza a strain (h5n1/2014/ogbomoso) from an outbreak among pig and have now aimed to assess its pathogenicity in an avian host and to categorize it as a low or high pathogenic strain. intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolated virus was assa ... | 2018 | 30483460 |
| novel application of influenza a virus-inoculated chorioallantoic membrane to characterize a np-specific monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemistry assaying. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are widely applied in disease diagnoses. herein, we report a mab, wf-4, against influenza a virus nucleoprotein (np), its broad response with influenza a virus, and its application in an immunohistochemistry (ihc) assay. wf-4 was screened by immunofluorescence assay (ifa). the results showed that its reactivity with baculovirus-expressed full-length recombinant np (rnp) in western blot (wb), indicating its ihc applicability. fifteen influenza a virus (reference subty ... | 2019 | 30481981 |
| establishment of xmap for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus. | using luminex xmap (x = analyte, map = multi-analyte profiling) technology, a serological method for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv) was established. nano-magnetic beads coated with purified ndv protein and aiv nucleoprotein were incubated with serum samples. using biotinylated rabbit anti-chicken igy and streptavidin-r-phycoerythrin, the optical signals measured by a luminex 200 detection system indicated the quantificati ... | 2019 | 30476286 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of ethiopian indigenous chickens from low and high altitudes under heat stress condition reveals differential immune response. | ethiopia is an ecologically diverse country; the low altitude regions are hot and humid whereas the high altitude regions are cooler. in this study we analyzed the transcriptome response of high altitude (addis ababa) and low altitude (awash) chickens to heat stress conditions that are prevalent in the low altitude regions. the chickens were free ranged for 20 h in an enclosure in awash, and then the heart, breast muscle and spleen tissues were collected at 6:00 am, 12:00 noon and 6:00 pm to fol ... | 2019 | 30474213 |
| interaction between avian influenza subtype h9n2 and newcastle disease virus vaccine strain (lasota) in chickens. | h9n2 avian influenza virus is endemic in egyptian poultry flocks. the role of the live viral vaccines such as lasota in exaggeration of the clinical picture of h9n2 infection under field conditions is significantly important leading to severe economic losses due to higher mortality and lower growth performance. this experiment was designed to identify the possible interaction between experimental infection with h9n2 virus and ndv live vaccine (lasota strain) in broiler chickens. six groups each ... | 2018 | 30458777 |
| prevalence of avian influenza a(h5) and a(h9) viruses in live bird markets, bangladesh. | we conducted a cross-sectional study in live bird markets (lbms) in dhaka and chittagong, bangladesh, to estimate the prevalence of avian influenza a(h5) and a(h9) viruses in different types of poultry and environmental areas by using bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models. we detected these viruses in nearly all lbms. prevalence of a(h5) virus was higher in waterfowl than in chickens, whereas prevalence of a(h9) virus was higher in chickens than in waterfowl and, among chicken types, ... | 2018 | 30457545 |
| genotype frequency contributions of mx1 gene in eight chicken breeds under different selection pressures. | chicken mx1 gene, as a positive antiviral gene, has been reported to provide resistance to several viruses especially avian influenza virus. in present research, the genotype frequency contributions of chicken mx1 polymorphisms were characterized in five lowly selected as well as one moderately selected sichuan native chicken populations and two highly selected commercial chicken breeds. together with two newly-identified mutation sites (r.8a > g and r.1257t > c), a total of 13 single nucleotide ... | 2018 | 30456017 |
| genomic loci associated with antibody-mediated immune responses in an f2 chicken population. | immunity-related traits are heritable in chicken, therefore, it is possible to improve the inherent immunity by breeding programs. in this study using the illumina chicken 60k single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) chip, we performed a set of genome-wide association studies to determine candidate genes and loci responsible for primary and secondary antibody-mediated responses against sheep red blood cell. a f2 population descended from a commercial meat-type breed and an iranian indigenous chick ... | 2019 | 30451125 |
| co-expression of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase by heterologous newcastle disease virus vectors protected chickens against h5 clade 2.3.4.4 hpai viruses. | avian influenza remains an important zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. the spread of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) by migratory birds has caused outbreaks in wide geographic regions (asia, europe, and north america) with great economic losses during 2014-2015. efficient vaccines and vaccination approaches are needed to enhance protective immunity against hpai viruses. although several vaccination strategies have been developed, none has been ... | 2018 | 30443041 |
| pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of novel reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza h7 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the republic of korea in the winter of 2016-2017. | in this study, we characterized h7 subtype low-pathogenicity (lp) influenza a viruses (iavs) isolated from wild bird habitats in the republic of korea from 2010 to early 2017. through national surveillance, 104 h7 iavs were isolated, accounting for an average of 14.9% of annual iav isolations. in early 2017, h7 subtypes accounted for an unusually high prevalence (43.6%) of iav detections in wild birds. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the viruses isolated in the winter of 2016-2017 fell w ... | 2018 | 30442892 |
| a multiplex xtag assay for the simultaneous detection of five chicken immunosuppressive viruses. | chicken anemia virus (cav), avian reovirus (arv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) all cause immunosuppressive disease in birds through vertical or horizontal transmission. mixed infections with these immunosuppressive pathogens lead to atypical clinical signs and obstruct accurate diagnoses and epidemiological investigations. therefore, it is essential to develop a high-throughput assay for the simultaneous detection of th ... | 2018 | 30442149 |
| development of a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral-flow dipstick assay for avian influenza h9n2 ha gene detection. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) have been detected from wild birds and domestic poultry worldwide. serious diseases combined with secondary infection have caused high mortality and great economic losses to poultry industry. therefore, simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate methods suitable for field detection of h9n2 aivs are crucial to efficiently control virus infection and spread in time. in this study, an isothermal reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral-f ... | 2019 | 30403438 |
| the molecular basis of antigenic variation among a(h9n2) avian influenza viruses. | avian influenza a(h9n2) viruses are an increasing threat to global poultry production and, through zoonotic infection, to human health where they are considered viruses with pandemic potential. vaccination of poultry is a key element of disease control in endemic countries, but vaccine effectiveness is persistently challenged by the emergence of antigenic variants. here we employed a combination of techniques to investigate the genetic basis of h9n2 antigenic variability and evaluate the role of ... | 2018 | 30401826 |
| surveillance and investigative diagnosis of a poultry flock in great britain co-infected with an influenza a virus and an avirulent avian avulavirus type 1. | a detailed veterinary and laboratory investigation revealed an unusual case of concurrent avian avulavirus type 1 (aavv-1, formerly called avian paramyxovirus type 1) and low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) virus infections of chickens during march 2010 in a mixed poultry and livestock farm in great britain. respiratory signs and daily mortality of 5-6 birds in a broiler flock 8-weeks of age prompted submission of two carcasses to an animal and plant health agency (apha) regional laboratory ... | 2019 | 30390413 |
| characterization of immunogenicity of avian influenza antigens encapsulated in plga nanoparticles following mucosal and subcutaneous delivery in chickens. | mucosal vaccine delivery systems have paramount importance for the induction of mucosal antibody responses. two studies were conducted to evaluate immunogenicity of inactivated aiv antigens encapsulated in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) nanoparticles (nps). in the first study, seven groups of specific pathogen free (spf) layer-type chickens were immunized subcutaneously at 7-days of age with different vaccine formulations followed by booster vaccinations two weeks later. immune responses ... | 2018 | 30383798 |
| prevalence of avian influenza, newcastle disease, and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler flocks infected with multifactorial respiratory diseases in iran, 2015-2016. | in this study, the prevalence and spatial distribution of newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza have been evaluated in commercial broiler farms in 31 provinces in iran. in this survey, a total of 233 affected broiler chicken farms were sampled. the infectious bronchitis virus (alone) was detected with highest frequency in 60 farms, and separately or combined with other agents, in 110 farms; newcastle disease virus, separately, was detected in 28 farms, and in 63 farms sep ... | 2019 | 30377950 |
| full sequence analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and proteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus detected in iran, 2015. | over the last two decades, the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus has gained a lot of attention due to its zoonotic and mutative nature. iran is among the countries significantly affected by the virus as it hosts migratory birds during seasonal migration. in this study, the molecular characterizations of hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes and proteins of h5n1 strain a/chicken/iran/8/2015 detected in backyard poultry, mazandaran province, were investigated. phylogenetic ana ... | 2019 | 30368763 |
| protective efficacy of an inactivated chimeric h5 avian influenza vaccine against h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clades 2.3.4.4 and 2.3.2.1. | the h5 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry in china. in this study, we generated a chimeric qh/kj recombinant virus expressing the entire haemagglutinin (ha)-1 region of the hpai virus a/chicken/china/qh/2017(h5n6) (clade 2.3.4.4) and the ha2 region of the hpai virus a/chicken/china/kj/2017(h5n1) (clade 2.3.2.1). the resulting chimeric pr8-qh/kj virus exhibited similar in vitro growth kinetics as the paren ... | 2018 | 30358528 |
| overexpression of chicken irf7 increased viral replication and programmed cell death to the avian influenza virus infection through tgf-beta/foxo signaling axis in df-1. | during mammalian viral infections, interferon regulatory factor 7 (irf7) partners with irf3 to regulate the type i interferon response. in chickens, however, it is still unclear how irf7 functions in the host innate immune response, especially given that irf3 is absent. to further elucidate the functional role of chicken irf7 during avian influenza virus (aiv) infection, we generated inducible irf7 overexpression df-1 cell lines and performed in vitro infection using low pathogenic aivs (lpaivs) ... | 2018 | 30356848 |
| isolation and characterization of novel reassortant h6n1 avian influenza viruses from chickens in eastern china. | the h6n1 subtype of avian influenza viruses (aivs) can infect people with an influenza-like illness; the h6n1 viruses possess the ability for zoonotic transmission from avians into mammals, and possibly pose a threat to human health. | 2018 | 30355336 |
| the culture of primary duck endothelial cells for the study of avian influenza. | endothelial cells play a major role in highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus pathogenesis in gallinaceous poultry species (e.g. chicken, turkey and quail). upon infection of gallinaceous poultry with hpai viruses, endothelial cells throughout the body become rapidly infected, leading to systemic dissemination of the virus, disseminated intravascular coagulation, oedema and haemorrhaging. in contrast, the pathogenesis of hpai viruses in most wild bird species (e.g. duck, goose and gull s ... | 2018 | 30340527 |
| creating disease resistant chickens: a viable solution to avian influenza? | influenza a virus (iav) represents an ongoing threat to human and animal health worldwide. the generation of iav-resistant chickens through genetic modification and/or selective breeding may help prevent viral spread. the feasibility of creating genetically modified birds has already been demonstrated with the insertion of transgenes that target iav into the genomes of chickens. this approach has been met with some success in minimising the spread of iav but has limitations in terms of its abili ... | 2018 | 30326625 |
| a 113-amino-acid truncation at the ns1 c-terminus is a determinant for viral replication of h5n6 avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. | virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv) is determined by multiple genes and their encoded proteins. in particular, the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of viruses is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in type i interferon (ifn) antagonism, pathogenicity, and determining viral host range. naturally-occurring truncation or mutation of ns1 during virus evolution attenuates viral replication and pathogenicity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain ... | 2018 | 30322535 |
| role of c-jun terminal kinase (jnk) activation in influenza a virus-induced autophagy and replication. | the non-structural protein 1 (ns1) of different influenza a virus (iav) strains can differentially regulate the activity of c-jun terminal kinase (jnk) and pi-3 kinase (pi3k). whether varying jnk and pi3k activation impacts autophagy and iav replication differently remains uncertain. here we report that h5n1 (a/mallard/huadong/s/2005) influenza a virus induced functional autophagy, as evidenced by increased lc3 lipidation and decreased p62 levels, and the presence of autolysosomes in chicken fib ... | 2019 | 30316042 |
| passive inhalation of dry powder influenza vaccine formulations completely protects chickens against h5n1 lethal viral challenge. | bird to human transmission of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (hpaiv) poses a significant risk of triggering a flu pandemic in the human population. therefore, vaccination of susceptible poultry during an hpaiv outbreak might be the best remedy to prevent such transmissions. to this end, suitable formulations and an effective mass vaccination method that can be translated to field settings needs to be developed. our previous study in chickens has shown that inhalation of a non-adjuvante ... | 2018 | 30312742 |
| aerosol exposure enhanced infection of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens. | to assess the impact of different routes of inoculation on experimental infection of avian influenza (ai) viruses in chickens, this study compared virus replication and cytokine gene expression in respiratory and gastrointestinal organ tissues of chickens, which were inoculated with four low pathogenic subtypes, h6n1, h10n7, h10n8, and h13n6 ai viruses via the aerosol, intranasal, and oral routes respectively. aerosol inoculation with the h6n1, h10n7, and h10n8 viruses significantly increased vi ... | 2019 | 30307712 |
| identifying key bird species and geographical hotspots of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china. | in china since the first human infection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus was identified in 2013, it has caused serious public health concerns due to its wide spread and high mortality rate. evidence shows that bird migration plays an essential role in global spread of avian influenza viruses. accordingly, in this paper, we aim to identify key bird species and geographical hotspots that are relevant to the transmission of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china. | 2018 | 30305184 |
| molecular characterization of h10 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in eastern china. | in recent years, avian-origin h10 influenza viruses have proved capable of infecting human beings, and they pose a potential public health threat. seven h10 avian influenza viruses (aivs), h10n3 (n = 2), h10n7 (n = 1), and h10n8 (n = 4), were isolated from chickens in zhejiang province, eastern china, during surveillance of aivs in live poultry markets in 2016 and 2017. phylogenetic analysis indicated that zhejiang h10 strains received gene segments from h10, h3, and h7 viruses from birds in eas ... | 2019 | 30302582 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of h13n8 low pathogenic avian influenza virus from migratory birds in eastern china. | low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) is an important zoonotic pathogen. migratory birds are the natural reservoir for all 16 haemagglutinin (ha) and nine neuraminidase (na) subtypes of lpaiv. surveillance of lpaiv in migratory waterfowl and poultry is important for animal and public health. an understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of lpai viruses in their reservoirs is beneficial for routine surveillance projects. here, we report the isolation of an h13n8 lpaiv from black-tailed ... | 2019 | 30291732 |
| the core promoter controls basal and inducible expression of duck retinoic acid inducible gene-i (rig-i). | retinoic acid inducible gene-i (rig-i) is a cytoplasmic rna sensor for detecting a variety of rna viruses including influenza a viruses. detection ultimately produces type i interferon (ifn), which stimulates expression of interferon stimulated genes (isgs), including rig-i itself in a positive feedback loop. the structure and function of rig-i is conserved across phylogeny, despite significant protein sequence divergence, however, the promoter sequences do not show the expected phylogenetic rel ... | 2018 | 30286408 |
| salmonella gallinarum delivering m2ecd40l in protein and dna formats acts as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and h9n2 infection in chickens. | fowl typhoid (ft), a septicemic disease caused by salmonella gallinarum (sg), and h9n2 influenza infection are two economically important diseases that affect poultry industry worldwide. herein, we exploited a live attenuated sg mutant (jol967) to deliver highly conserved extracellular domains of h9n2 m2 (m2e) to induce protective immunity against both h9n2 infection and ft. to increase the immunogenicity of m2e, we physically linked it with cd40l and cloned the fusion gene into either prokaryot ... | 2018 | 30285855 |
| amino acid residue 217 in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein is a key mediator of avian influenza h7n9 virus antigenicity. | avian influenza viruses continue to evolve and acquire mutations that facilitate antigenic drift and virulence change. in 2017, low-pathogenicity h7n9 avian influenza viruses evolved to a high-pathogenicity phenotype in china. comparative antigenic analysis of the low- and high-pathogenicity virus strains showed marked variability. in order to identify residues that may be linked to the antigenic change among the h7n9 viruses, we serially passaged the viruses in the presence of homologous ferret ... | 2019 | 30282714 |
| development and evaluation of real-time rt-pcr test for quantitative and qualitative recognition of current h9n2 subtype avian influenza viruses in iran. | avian influenza h9n2 subtype viruses have had a great impact on iranian industrial poultry production economy since introduction in the country. to approach rapid and precise identification of this viruses as control measures in poultry industry, a real time probe base assay was developed to directly detect a specific influenza virus of h9n2 subtype -instead of general detection of influenza a viruses- which has been endemic over two last decades in the country. an iranian avian influenza virus ... | 2018 | 30280837 |
| dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic chromium modulates the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with avian influenza virus vaccine. | dietary supplementation with the organic chromium (cr) has been shown to positively affect the immune function of poultry. however, to our knowledge, no experiment has been done to directly compare the impacts of cr chloride and chromium picolinate (crpic) on the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with avian influenza (ai) virus vaccine. therefore, the present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental cr sources (cr chloride and crpic) and levels on the growth perf ... | 2019 | 30277192 |
| hemagglutinin characteristics, changes in pathogenicity, and antigenic variation of highly pathogenic h7n9 avian influenza viruses in china. | | 2019 | 30267798 |
| direct rna sequencing of the coding complete influenza a virus genome. | for the first time, a coding complete genome of an rna virus has been sequenced in its original form. previously, rna was sequenced by the chemical degradation of radiolabeled rna, a difficult method that produced only short sequences. instead, rna has usually been sequenced indirectly by copying it into cdna, which is often amplified to dsdna by pcr and subsequently analyzed using a variety of dna sequencing methods. we designed an adapter to short highly conserved termini of the influenza a vi ... | 2018 | 30258076 |
| detection of newcastle disease, h9n2 avian influenza, and infectious bronchitis viruses in respiratory diseases in backyard chickens in ahvaz, iran, in 2014-2015. | newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) are the most prevalent viral pathogens in the iranian poultry industry. this study aimed to reveal the presence of these viruses in the backyard chickens in ahvaz, located in the southwest of iran. a total of 100 chickens with respiratory signs and mortality were examined by taking the blood samples as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs. most of the chickens had not received any vaccine. the blood s ... | 2018 | 30256035 |
| a family cluster of two fatal cases infected with influenza a (h7n9) virus in kunming china, 2017. | two imported family cases (mother and daughter) of fatal h7n9 infection in kunming, china were reported in 2017. epidemiological investigation showed that the two family members had both been exposed to sick chickens in a poultry market. the onset of illness and death of the mother was 7 days later than her daughter, raising concerns about human-to-human transmission of h7n9 in the locality. sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the virus strains isolated from the two patients revealed ... | 2018 | 30248474 |
| maternal antibody inhibition of recombinant newcastle disease virus vectored vaccine in a primary or booster avian influenza vaccination program of broiler chickens. | maternally-derived antibodies (mda) provide early protection from disease, but may interfere with active immunity in young chicks. in highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv)-enzootic countries, broiler chickens typically have mda to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and h5 hpaiv, and their impact on active immunity from recombinant vectored vaccines is unclear. we assessed the effectiveness of a spray-applied recombinant ndv vaccine with h5 aiv insert (rndv-h5) and a recombinant turkey herpe ... | 2018 | 30241684 |
| development of a sensitive and specific xmap assay for detection of antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis and bronchitis viruses. | a serological method to simultaneously detect antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is imperative for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of antibodies titers after vaccination. | 2018 | 30241540 |
| transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a(h5nx) clade 2.3.4.4, north america, 2014-2015. | eurasia highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5 clade 2.3.4.4 emerged in north america at the end of 2014 and caused outbreaks affecting >50 million poultry in the united states before eradication in june 2015. we investigated the underlying ecologic and epidemiologic processes associated with this viral spread by performing a comparative genomic study using 268 full-length genome sequences and data from outbreak investigations. reassortant hpaiv h5n2 circulated in wild birds along th ... | 2018 | 30226167 |
| novel protein chip for the detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by the ib virus (ibv) can cause acute damage to chickens around the world. therefore, rapid diagnosis and immune status determination are critical for controlling ibv outbreaks. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been widely used in the detection of ibv antibodies in the early infection and continuous infection of ib because they are more sensitive and quicker than other diagnostic methods. | 2018 | 30223836 |
| a comparison of toll-like receptor 5 and 21 ligands as adjuvants for a formaldehyde inactivated h9n2 avian influenza virus vaccine in chickens. | low pathogenic avian influenza virus (aiv) infection in chickens can result in economic losses and has impacts on human health. poultry vaccination is a tool that can be used to decrease infection and transmission of aivs. prior research has demonstrated that toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands can act as vaccine adjuvants and their addition to inactivated aiv vaccines can enhance immune responses elicited in chickens. the objective of this study was to compare the adjuvant capabilities of tlr5 lig ... | 2018 | 30222508 |
| exponential random graph models to evaluate the movement of backyard chickens after the avian influenza crisis in 2004-2005, thailand. | the aim of this study was to use exponential random graph models (ergms) to explain networks of movement of backyard chickens in provinces which had been hotspots for avian influenza outbreaks in thailand during 2004-2005. we used structured questionnaires to collect data for the period january to december 2009 from participants who were involved in the backyard chicken farming network in three avian influenza hotspots (ratchaburi, suphan buri, and nakhon pathom provinces) in thailand. from 557 ... | 2018 | 30220398 |
| domestic canaries (serinus canaria forma domestica) are susceptible to low pathogenic avian influenza virus infections. | avian influenza viruses have been isolated from many bird species; however, little is known about the susceptibility of pet birds to low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses. to address this research gap, domestic canaries (serinus canaria forma domestica) were experimentally infected with h5 and h7 lpai viruses to determine susceptibility and to evaluate samples for diagnostic purposes. clinical evidence of infection (e.g. ruffled plumage and apathy) and mortality were noted for the canari ... | 2018 | 30207746 |
| chimeric newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine protects chickens against h9n2 avian influenza virus in the presence of pre-existing ndv immunity. | a chimeric newcastle disease virus (ndv) vector (ndv/ai4-tfhn) was constructed with the replacement of the ectodomains of the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins by those from avian paramyxovirus type 2. the chimeric virus induced high antibody response in chickens pre-immunized with ndv. a recombinant vaccine candidate, ndv/ai4-tfhn-h9, expressing the hemagglutinin of h9n2 avian influenza virus, was generated, on the basis of the chimeric ndv vector mentioned above. the ndv/ai4-tfhn ... | 2018 | 30187143 |
| acquisition of innate inhibitor resistance and mammalian pathogenicity during egg adaptation by the h9n2 avian influenza virus. | an h9n2 avian influenza a virus (aiv), a/chicken/korea/01310/2001 (01310-ce20), was established after 20 passages of influenza a/chicken/korea/01310/2001 (01310-ce2) virus through embryonated chicken eggs (eces). as a result of this process, the virus developed highly replicative and pathogenic traits within the eces through adaptive mutations in hemagglutinin (ha: t133n, v216g, and e439d) and neuraminidase (na: 18-amino acid deletion and e54d). here, we also established that 01310-ce20 acquired ... | 2018 | 30186261 |
| sequential dna immunization of chickens with bivalent heterologous vaccines induce highly reactive and cross-specific antibodies against influenza hemagglutinin. | vaccines against avian influenza are mostly based on hemagglutinin (ha), which is the main antigen of this virus and a target for neutralizing antibodies. traditional vaccines are known to be poorly efficient against newly emerging strains, which is an increasing worldwide problem for human health and for the poultry industry. as demonstrated by research and clinical data, sequential exposure to divergent influenza has can boost induction of universal antibodies which recognize conserved epitope ... | 2019 | 30184142 |
| gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype h9n2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses. | commensal gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. the current study was designed to assess the role of gut microbiota of chickens in the initiation of antiviral responses against avian influenza virus. day-old layer chickens received a cocktail of antibiotics for 12 (abx-d12) or 16 (abx-d16) days to deplete their gut microbiota, followed by treatment of chickens from abx-12 with five lactobacillus species combination (prob), fecal microbial transplant suspension (fmt) or sh ... | 2018 | 30181578 |
| quantifying the effect of swab pool size on the detection of influenza a viruses in broiler chickens and its implications for surveillance. | timely diagnosis of influenza a virus infections is critical for outbreak control. due to their rapidity and other logistical advantages, lateral flow immunoassays can support influenza a virus surveillance programs and here, their field performance was proactively assessed. the performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction and two lateral flow immunoassay kits (fludetect and vetscan) in detecting low pathogenicity influenza a virus in oropharyngeal swab samples from experimentally inoculat ... | 2018 | 30176867 |
| protective efficacy of an inactivated chimeric h7/h5 avian influenza vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza h7n9 and clade 2.3.4.4 h5 viruses. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5 and h7n9 viruses pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry in china. in this study, we generated a chimeric h7/h5 recombinant virus that expressed the entire ha1 region of the hpai a/chicken/guangdong/rz/2017(h7n9) virus and the ha2 region of the hpai a/chicken/fujian/5/2016(h5n6) viruses. the resulting chimeric pr8-h7/h5 virus exhibited similar growth kinetics as the parental pr8-h5 and pr8-h7 viruses in vitro. the inactiv ... | 2018 | 30173747 |
| effect of annexin ii-mediated conversion of plasmin from plasminogen on airborne transmission of h9n2 avian influenza virus. | airborne transmission plays an important role in dissemination of h9n2 subtype avian influenza virus. annexin ii (a2)-mediated activation of plasminogen (plg) promotes cleavage of the influenza virus ha protein and viral replication, resulting in enhanced pathogenesis. in this study, airborne transmission competent and defective strains of h9n2 influenza virus, sh7 and sh14, respectively, were used to investigate the effect of a2 on airborne spread. the results showed that a2 protein was increas ... | 2018 | 30173734 |
| comparison among three different serological methods for the detection of equine influenza virus infection. | the equine influenza virus (eiv) h3n8 subtype is responsible for all eiv outbreaks worldwide while the h7n7 subtype is less pathogenic and is considered extinct as it has not been confirmed in outbreaks since 1980. although eiv is enzootic in brazil, few reports describe the actual eiv antibody status in the country. the aims of this study were: - to evaluate the efficiency of different serum treatments described by the world organisation for animal health (oie) and the world health organization ... | 2017 | 30160701 |
| prime-boost vaccination strategy against avian influenza and newcastle disease viruses reduces shedding of the challenge viruses. | in the present study, we carried-out assessment of efficacy of different immunization strategies using two bivalent vaccine formulations containing antigens of inactivated newcastle disease virus (ndv-genotype viid) and reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1-hpaiv) mixed with montanide isa71 and montanide gel02 as adjuvants. the efficacy of the prepared vaccines was evaluated by determining the cellular and humoral immune responses. in addition, protection against h5n1-aiv and ... | 2018 | 30159367 |
| production and application of anti-nucleoprotein igy antibodies for influenza a virus detection in swine. | influenza a virus (iav) causes an important respiratory disease in mammals and birds leading to concerns in animal production industry and public health. usually, antibodies produced in mammals are employed in diagnostic tests. however, due to animal welfare concerns, technical advantages and the high cost of production, alternatives to the production of antibodies in mammals have been investigated. the aim of this study was to produce egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) in laying hens against a highl ... | 2018 | 30158073 |
| a g1-lineage h9n2 virus with oviduct tropism causes chronic pathological changes in the infundibulum and a long-lasting drop in egg production. | since 1997, g1-lineage h9n2 avian influenza viruses have been circulating in asia and later on in the middle east, and they have been associated to mild respiratory disease, drops in egg production and moderate mortality in chickens, in particular in the presence of concurrent infections. in this study, we investigated the importance of the g1-lineage h9n2 a/chicken/israel/1163/2011 virus as a primary pathogen in layers, analyzing its tropism and binding affinity for the oviduct tissues, and inv ... | 2018 | 30157967 |
| pathobiology of tennessee 2017 h7n9 low and high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in commercial broiler breeders and specific pathogen free layer chickens. | in march 2017, h7n9 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus was detected in 2 broiler breeder farms in the state of tennessee, usa. subsequent surveillance detected the low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) virus precursor in multiple broiler breeder farms and backyard poultry in tennessee and neighboring states. the pathogenesis of the h7n9 lpai virus was investigated in commercial broiler breeders, the bird type mostly affected in this outbreak. infectivity, transmissibility, and pat ... | 2018 | 30157963 |
| severe human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n4) virus. | human infections with influenza h7 subtypes, such as h7n9, have raised concerns worldwide. here, we report a human infection with a novel influenza a(h7n4) virus. a 68 years-old woman with cardiovascular and cholecystic comorbidities developed rapidly progressed pneumonia with influenza-like-illness as initial symptom, recovered after 23 days-hospitalization including 8 days in icu. laboratory indicators for liver and blood coagulation dysfunction were observed. oseltamivir phosphate, glucocorti ... | 2018 | 32288966 |
| enhanced pathogenicity of low-pathogenic h9n2 avian influenza virus after vaccination with infectious bronchitis live attenuated vaccine. | in the present study, two experiments were carried out for studying the pathogenicity of h9n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) in broiler chickens after vaccination with different live respiratory viral vaccines. | 2018 | 30147269 |
| international chicken trade and increased risk for introducing or reintroducing highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n1) to uninfected countries. | every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein source. unfortunately, transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n1) to new countries. our study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from 2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of h5n1 poultry infection in an import ... | 2017 | 30137719 |
| corrigendum: mucosal and systemic immune responses to influenza h7n9 antigen ha1-2 co-delivered intranasally with flagellin or polyethyleneimine in mice and chickens. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00326.]. | 2018 | 30131811 |
| enhanced th1/th2 mixed immune responses elicited by polyethyleneimine adjuvanted influenza a (h7n9) antigen ha1-2 in chickens. | influenza a (h7n9) viruses have caused severe human infections and deaths every year in china since 2013. to reduce the risk of human infection and prevent a new influenza pandemic, there is a pressing need to develop safe and effective anti-h7n9 vaccines for poultry. polyethyleneimine (pei) is an organic polycation used extensively as a transfection reagent for decades. although the adjuvant potential of pei is well studied in mammals, its applicability and immune characteristics to avian speci ... | 2018 | 30085299 |
| high frequency of reassortment after co-infection of chickens with the h4n6 and h9n2 influenza a viruses and the biological characteristics of the reassortants. | h4 and h9 avian influenza viruses (aivs) are two of the most prevalent influenza viruses worldwide. the co-existence of h4 and h9 viruses in multiple avian species provides an opportunity for the generation of novel reassortants and for viral evolution. the diversity of the biological characteristics of the reassortants enhances the potential threat to the poultry industry and to public health. to evaluate the reassortment of these viruses and the potential public risk of the reassortants, we co ... | 2018 | 30080665 |