| [electron microscopic study of cell cultures chronically infected with fixed rabies virus]. | hep-2 and vero cell cultures chronically infected with rabies virus were examined electron microscopically. in the cytoplasm and intercellular spaces of these cultures structures were found morphologically similar to virus particles previously described in cells acutely infected with rabies virus. the observed virus particles were elongated, oval or spherical in shape. their inner structure appeared as homogeneous material of varying optic density surrounded with a 3-layer membrane. changes in t ... | 1981 | 7269529 |
| intermittent excretion of rabies virus in the saliva of a dog two and six months after it had recovered from experimental rabies. | a dog inoculated with a rabies virus isolate from the saliva of an apparently healthy ethiopian dog was followed for more than 9 months. saliva and blood specimens were collected three times weekly and cerebrospinal fluid weekly. saliva samples collected on days 42 and 169 after the dog's recovery produced fatal rabies infections in mice inoculated intracerebrally. | 1981 | 7283008 |
| defective interfering particles of fixed rabies viruses: lack of correlation with attenuation or auto-interference in mice. | six different fixed strains of rabies virus were analysed for their capacity to produce defective particles following acute infection of bhk-21 cells. five of the six strains produced one or more defective particle populations with strain-specific sedimentation properties, particle length and abbreviated rna genome size. these defective particles varied in their capacity to interfere with replication of standard rabies virus in cell culture. each virus strain characteristically either killed adu ... | 1981 | 7288395 |
| [2 biological variants of the rabies virus obtained from 1 strain]. | two variants of rabies virus were obtained in experimental mice from one wild strain. they differed in the duration of the incubation and clinical periods and in virus titres. one virus variant produced an acute disease and the other acute and chronic forms of the disease. these properties persisted throughout 21 and 12 successive passages, respectively. | 1981 | 7293162 |
| bcg modulation of delayed type hypersensitivity, humoral response and acquired resistance after rabies vaccination. | the immunopotentiating action of bcg was evaluated in rabies. the maximum enhancing effect on delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) was obtained 14 days after rabies immunization when different bcg vaccination schedules were tested in mice. a stable form of specific sensitization to rabies antigen under the modulation of bcg pretreatment was obtained. high concentrations of rabies antigen were found to be inhibitory for the dth reaction. levels of protection were evaluated in rabies vaccination af ... | 1981 | 7295038 |
| booster effect of human diploid cell antirabies vaccine in previously treated persons. | contact was maintained with 27 of 45 persons for four years after their severe exposure to rabies virus and successful protection. during that time, these persons showed no adverse effects of treatment and maintained rabies-neutralizing antibody at the level of 2 to 91 iu/ml of serum. after a single booster inoculation of human diploid cell culture vaccine four years after the initial treatment, levels of neutralizing antibodies rose to 36 to 650 iu/ml of serum ten days after the booster inocula ... | 1981 | 7299954 |
| rabies risks: systematic evaluation and management of animal bites. | | 1981 | 7307467 |
| complement fixing antigen in rabies. iv. sequential development of cf antigens and their relationship. | | 1980 | 7310097 |
| [comparison of inactivated rabies vaccines obtained from diploid and polyploid heterologous cells (hak, bhk, and vero)]. | homologous or heterologous diploid or polyploid cells have been established as good producers of virus. in this study we present three types of experimental inactivated antirabies vaccines obtained under identical conditions from three types of cells. the study concerns the following characteristics of the vaccines: protecting powers, rabies antigens and major polypeptidic components; this study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and concentrated and purified vaccines. moreover, so ... | 1981 | 7316614 |
| complement fixing antigens in rabies. vi. correlation of complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies. | | 1980 | 7320482 |
| growth kinetics of rabies virus in mouse macrophage cell cultures. | | 1981 | 7320491 |
| a rabies virus persistent infection in bhk21 cells. | a rabies virus persistent infection in bhk21 s13 cells was established and maintained in culture for more than 4 years. initially, the cultures produced a large plaque virus similar to that produced by the original virus, but between the 10th and 20th passage, this was replaced by a small plaque variant. by the 200th passage, infectious virus could no longer be detected in the medium. after further cell passages (greater than or equal to 300) no infectious particles could be detected in the medi ... | 1981 | 7320704 |
| rabies serum neutralizing antibody in mongooses from grenada. | during a four-year study on grenada, 4,754 mongooses were examined, of which 100 (2.1%) were rabid. of 1,675 mongooses tested for rabies serum neutralizing (sn) antibody, 498 (30%) were positive. during these four years (1971-74) the antibody prevalence rate increased from 20.8% to 43.2%, whereas the number of rabid mongooses decreased from 3.5% to 0.6%. naturally acquired antibody was monitored in 20 captive mongooses for up to 35 months, and it was still circulating in 18 when monitoring cease ... | 1981 | 7330920 |
| [importance of the racoon dog in the epidemiology and epizootiology of rabies in the far east]. | raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides gray) have been shown to take part in the circulation of rabies virus within their natural area in the far east and thus to be dangerous as a source of infection for humans and domestic animals. the disease has been registered in the areas with high population density of this species, the spread of infection reaching 13 +/- 4.6% in the years of survey. the results of the preliminary determination of the sensitivity of raccoon dogs and the schematic map show ... | 1981 | 7331626 |
| transplacental transmission of rabies virus from a naturally infected skunk. | a female skunk (mephitis mephitis) was submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory for routine rabies diagnosis. rabies infection was confirmed by fluorescent rabies antibody examination on brain tissue. additional tissues, including uterus, ovaries, and 6 embryos, were collected to study rabies pathogenesis. the fluorescent rabies antibody examination showed rabies virus antigen in 1 embryo, the uterus, and ovaries. | 1981 | 7332132 |
| influence of cell type and virus upon lysis of rabies virus-infected cells by antibody and complement. | mouse neuroblastoma (mnb) cells infected with era virus were specifically lysed in the presence of rabbit complement by antisera produced in mice to challenge virus standard (cvs), era, flury hep or street virus (sv) strains of rabies. mnb or el-4 cells persistently infected with era, mnb cells infected with cvs, and bhk-21/s13 cells infected with era or flury hep also were suitable targets. cer cells infected with either era, cvs or flury hep, bhk-21/s13 cells infected with cvs and mnb cells in ... | 1981 | 7332491 |
| amino acid composition and terminal sequence analysis of the rabies virus glycoprotein: identification of the reading frame on the cdna sequence. | | 1981 | 7332557 |
| production and use of avianised rabies vaccine in nigeria. | | 1981 | 7333781 |
| experimental rabies in skunks: persistence of virus in denervated muscle at the inoculation site. | striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were inoculated into the denervated abductor digiti quinti muscle with street rabies virus. they were killed at various times after inoculation and several tissues were examined by immunofluorescence and light microscopy. muscle at the inoculation site was examined electron microscopically. rabies antigen was detected in muscle fibers first on day 7 and persisted until day 28. light and electron microscopic lesions at the inoculation site included atrophic and ... | 1981 | 7337867 |
| specific neutralization value for rabies virus of different tissue extracts from immunized mice refractory to severe infection with babeş rabies fixed virus. | | 1981 | 7340721 |
| rabies vaccine (babeş strain of fixed rabies virus) inactivated with betapropiolactone. | | 1981 | 7340722 |
| strains of rabies virus available for preparation of sylvatic rabies vaccines with special reference to vaccines prepared in cell culture. | rabies vaccines for use as a preventive in wildlife have not yet been licensed. there are several vaccines which, based on tests in dogs, merit trial especially in foxes and skunks and these are summarized in a table. trials are being conducted in canada on the effectiveness of several of these vaccines in foxes and skunks. | 1981 | 7340931 |
| evaluation and comparative studies of inactivated rabies vaccines obtained in the heterologous diploid and polyploid cells (hak, bhk and vero). | this study is concerned with the following characteristics of the vaccines: 1.) protecting power, 2.) rabies antigens and 3.) major polypeptide components. this study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and on concentrated and purified vaccines. moreover, some cellular and serum contaminants, especially the proteins produced by bhk cells, as well as minor rabies proteins, were analysed in the viral solutions. thus, it appears that all three types of vaccines have a similar protectin ... | 1981 | 7341292 |
| quantitative determination of rabies antigen by elisa. | two elisa methods are described for quantitation of rabies envelope glycoprotein in suspensions containing liver or inactivated virus. one of these methods is currently used for "in process" control at the production of inactivated rabies vaccine in our laboratory. the results obtained with the elisa-test have been compared with those from the classical nih-test for a number of freeze dried vaccine preparations. although no perfect correlation was obtained good vaccine lots could easily be disti ... | 1981 | 7341294 |
| [rabies in supposedly vaccinated children, cases of long incubation (apropos of 2 cases)]. | | 1981 | 7348286 |
| [anti-rabies service of the national school of health (1976-1980)]. | | 1981 | 7348390 |
| rabies virus inactivation by binary ethylenimine: new method for inactivated vaccine production. | the inactivation dynamics of rabies virus (pv strain) by binary ethylenimine, and the immunogenic properites and the stability of the vaccines prepared using this agent, were studied. binary ethylenimine at a final concentration of 0.01 m was prepared wtih 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide in alkaline solutions, either separately from or in suspensions of rabies virus propagated in bhk cells. the infectivity of virus suspensions containing more than 108 plaque-forming units per 0.1 ml was inactivat ... | 1980 | 7358836 |
| experimental rabies in the vampire bat. | vampire bats were inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously with varying doses of rabies virus to simulate bites by rabid animals in nature. daily saliva samples were then taken from these animals to determine whether they excreted virus and for how long. vampire bats appear to react to rabies virus as do other animals, with variable incubation periods, some excretion of virus in the saliva, but no prolonged excretion "carrier state." | 1980 | 7369444 |
| [human vaccination against rabies (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 7345979 |
| in vitro translation of rabies virus messenger rnas. | | 1980 | 7385589 |
| pretreatment antibody titers in repeated rabies prophylaxis. | | 1980 | 7392170 |
| clinical experience with a human diploid cell rabies vaccine. | between january 1975 and december 1977 the center for disease control treated 255 persons with the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine who did not have development of an antibody titer to duck embryo vaccine (dev) or who were at risk for having a serious reaction to dev. two hundred eighteen persons were treated postexposure, and 37 persons were treated preexposure. the antibody response to the vaccine was excellent, and the reaction rates were low. no person treated has had development of ... | 1980 | 7392185 |
| human diploid cell rabies vaccine: more protection for less risk? | | 1980 | 7392194 |
| [immunogenicity of the rabies virus treated with phenol, beta-propiolactone and heat]. | | 1980 | 7395053 |
| the safety and efficacy of immunizing foxes (vulpes vulpes) using bait containing attenuated rabies virus vaccine. | foxes given era rabies vaccine baits were challenged at one, six, 12 and 24 months later and showed a resistance to challenge in 80%, 78%, 60% and 44% of individuals respectively. all animals showing seroconversion following vaccination, resisted challenge at 24 months, suggesting that successful vaccination by the oral route could confer a relatively long term duration of immunity. the trials showed that fox pups did not immunize as easily as adult foxes using era rabies vaccine baits. back-pas ... | 1980 | 7407689 |
| a highly purified and concentrated duck embroy rabies vaccine: a preliminary report. | | 1980 | 7410442 |
| postexposure trial of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine. | a human diploid cell strain vaccine (hdcv) was evaluated in 90 persons treated after exposure to rabies, 21 of whom were bitten by proven rabid animals. intramuscular doses of hdcv were given on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, and human rabies immune globulin (hrig) was given on day 0. antibody to rabies virus was tested for by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test; adverse reactions were assessed from physician's forms. all 87 persons tested developed titers of greater than or equal to 0.5 inte ... | 1980 | 7410895 |
| [modification of rabies virus plaque formation technic and its use in the study of viral persistence]. | | 1980 | 7415148 |
| [characteristics of defective rabies virus particles formed in chronically infected cultures]. | cultural fluids of bhk-21/13s and hep-2 cells chronically infected with rabies virus were used to determine the structures sedimenting in the sucrose gradient of the slow infectious virus. these structures have a polypeptide composition similar to that of rabies virus and contain subgenome rna. morphologically they are spherical virions. after amplification in bhk-21/13s cells the structures protected mice from lethal doses of rabies virus. the results obtained allow designation of the structure ... | 1980 | 7415149 |
| [immune response during the course of chronic experimental rabies]. | the immune response was studied in the time course in comparison with virus titers in the brain in chronic course of the disease in random-bred and balb/c mice infected intracerebrally with street rabies virus, the yak strain. the virus-neutralizing antibodies were first found in the blood by the end of the incubation period and in the brain tissue at 7-8 days of the disease. then their titers increased as the disease progressed reaching maximum (in the blood 1:97,313, in the brain 1:63,090) by ... | 1981 | 7336685 |
| the structural proteins of rabies virus and evidence for their synthesis from separate monocistronic rna species. | purified preparations of the cvs strain of rabies virus, which were labelled during the infectious growth cycle with different isotopes or labelled in vitro by iodination or acetylation, contained five major proteins, l, g, n, m1, and m2, when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the major surface glycoprotein, g, could be separated into two components, g1, g2, in some page systems; they were present in about equimolar amounts and had apparent mol. wt. of 70.5 x 10(3) and 65 x ... | 1980 | 7420062 |
| rabies virus-induced rna synthesis in bhk21 cells. | rabies virus polysomes contained two sizes of messenger rnas, one of which had a sedimentation value of 30s and another which sedimented at 12 to 16s. rna extracted from infected cultures contained virion-size rna, 42s, as well as 30s and 12 to 16s rna species. hybridization studies indicated that the 30s and 12 to 16s rnas had nucleotide sequences which were complementary to virion rna. rna. rna isolated from virus polysomes contained adenylate-rich sequences which were heterogeneous in size an ... | 1980 | 7420063 |
| [reproduction of fixed rabies virus in a quail fibroblast culture growing in suspension]. | reproduction of culture variant of fixed rabies virus was studied in cultures of quail fibroblasts growing in roller suspension cultures, as well as in monolayer cultures of japanese quail embryos fixed on deae-sephadex a-50 particles. titers of the virus in cultures on the microcarrier were found to be similar with those in roller monolayer cultures, namely 5.75--6.5 lg ld50/ml. in shaker and roller suspension cultures the virus titers were lower: 4.5--5.25 lg ld50/ml. | 1980 | 7423971 |
| [different behaviour of street rabies and virus fixé strains in parabiotic rats (author's transl)]. | to resolve the problem by which route rabies virus is migrating within the infected organism, coelioanastomosis was performed by operating two albino rats each so that a connection between blood vessels, however not between nerves was established. one of the partners was infected in each case. as soon as one of the parabionts exhibited specific disease, the animals were disconnected again. a comparison of street virus and strains of virus fixé that had been maintained by intracerebral, plantar, ... | 1980 | 7424247 |
| adaptation, attenuation and plaque purification of a rabiesvirus isolate (v319) from a vampire bat (desmodus rotundus). | five rabiesvirus isolates, four of vampire bat origin and one from the brain of a rabid cow, were studied with respect to their adaptability to tissue culture. only two strains (v319 and mazatan strains) adapted readily. one (mazatan) failed to yield high titers in vitro after isolation, plaque purification and further passage; however, the v319 strain routinely yielded titers of 10(9) pfu/ml. in limited pathogenicity tests in cattle and dogs, the v319 strain was found not to be excreted in the ... | 1980 | 7428375 |
| intradermal immunization with rabies vaccine. inactivated wistar strain cultivated in human diploid cells. | we report a comparative study of the mérieux institute's inactivated rabies vaccine administered intradermally or subcutaneously. vaccine safety was satisfactory, with only minor local and generalized reactions. serological effectiveness was outstanding: all of those who had been seronegative became seropositive following either two intradermal or subcutaneous injections given one month apart. a comparison of the intradermal and subcutaneous routes demonstrated several important points. antibody ... | 1980 | 7431588 |
| [properties of the rabies virus long persisting in cell cultures]. | properties of rabies virus (rv) persisting in chronically infected cultures (cic): hep-2--rv and bhk-rv were studied. rv from the hep-2-rv system retained its pathogenicity for mice for more than 3 years of observation. rv from the bhk-rv system lost this property after 50 passages in cic. both rv variants from cic formed plaques in cer cells, showed marked immunogenic activity in mice, had no interferon-inducing activity in bhk-21 cells, and were not temperature-sensitive. electron microscopic ... | 1980 | 7434724 |
| [comparative study of the persistence of 3 rna-containing viruses in a continuous cell culture of human origin]. | a comparative study of chronic infecton of hep-2 cells with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), rabies (rv), and rubella (ruv) viruses was carried out. throughout the entire period of chronic infection (ci) no signs of specific cell destruction by these viruses were observed. the infectious virus was regularly demonstrated in the culture fluid and chronically infected cells. the antigenic properties of the persisting viruses did not differ from those of the original strains. the persisting tbe and ra ... | 1980 | 7434725 |
| [factors responsible for the persistence of rabies virus in cell cultures]. | persistence of rabies virus (rv) was studied in two cell cultures: hep-2-rv and bhk-rv. the infection was demonstrated in 8% cells of the bhk-rv system and 53% cells of hep-2-rv system by the method of cloning. the virus-free clones were as sensitive to rv infection as the control cultures. the incubation temperature shifts up to 40 degrees c and down to 34 degrees c did not affect the carrier state. 5-budr did not activate the infectious process in the chronically infected cells. the factors po ... | 1980 | 7434738 |
| wild life rabies in nigeria: experimental infection and transmission studies with the shrew (crocidura sp.). | wild caught shrews were infected with rabies virus strains by the intramuscular, subcutaneous and oral routes. inoculated animals became sick within four to seven days of inoculation with characteristic dumb rabies symptomatology. the significant symptom was a progressive loss of aggressiveness and an unbalanced gait. the course of illness was 36-48 hours. transmission of rabies virus to susceptible laboratory mice was successful only with shrews which had been infected orally and allowed to bit ... | 1980 | 7436600 |
| paralytic rabies: a clinico-pathological study. | clinical and pathological features of 11 cases of paralytic rabies have been described, with a detailed study of the peripheral nerves. the mean incubation period was forty-nine days (range 7-90 days). the mean interval between the onset of symptoms and death was 8.4 days (range 7-11 days). a history of animal bite was available in 9 cases. pain and paraesthesiae at the site of the bite, followed by paralysis, were the main presenting symptoms. motor weakness and involvement of the respiratory m ... | 1980 | 7437890 |
| rabies vaccination in the 1980s. | | 1980 | 7439912 |
| preparation and characterization of rabies virus hemagglutinin. | rabies virus glycoprotein, released by treatment with triton x-100, was isoelectrically focused in a sucrose gradient containing the nonionic detergent octylglucoside. removal of the detergent by dialysis resulted in aggregates of variable size and shape. the hemagglutinating activity of this preparation was approximately sixfold higher than that of the intact virus. the protein with hemagglutinating activity and with a buoyant density of 1.237 consisted solely of polypeptide chains of the g-pro ... | 1980 | 7439995 |
| rabies mrna translation in xenopus laevis oocytes. | two rabies virus-specific mrna species were identified by analysis of their encoded proteins after translation of the partially purified species in xenopus laevis oocytes. one of these coded for the virion surface glycoprotein (g protein), and the other coded for the major structural protein of the virion nucleocapsid (n protein). the g-mrna sedimented in a sucrose density gradient at about 18s, and the n-mrna had a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 16s. their respective translation pro ... | 1980 | 7441819 |
| human diploid cell rabies vaccine. | | 1980 | 7442610 |
| in vitro transformation of rabbit lymphocytes in rabies virus infection. | | 1980 | 7442816 |
| prevalence of rabies virus in foxes trapped in the canadian arctic. | brains and salivary glands of 521 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) submitted from four different settlement areas in the northwest territories were examined for rabies by the standard fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests. rabies antigen was present in 44 of 201 (21.9%) brains from foxes trapped in the sachs harbour area, but submissions from cambridge bay (127), spence bay (93) and gjoa haven (100) were negative. virus was also present in salivary glands from 43 (97.7%) of these ... | 1980 | 7459793 |
| a possible case of interspecific transmission of rabies in insectivorous bats. | | 1980 | 7462869 |
| a model in mice for the study of the early death phenomenon after vaccination and challenge with rabies virus. | the reactions of mice were studied for a period of 10 days after their vaccination with an inactivated rabies vaccine. the kinetics of their resistance to an intracerebral challenge and neutralizing antibody activity of their serum were determined daily. protection began on the fourth day after vaccination and was approximately correlated with virus-neutralizing antibody titres from the sixth to the tenth day. however, in vaccinated mice still unprotected, death following the intracerebral chall ... | 1980 | 7463005 |
| regeneration of di particles of virulent and attenuated rabies virus: genome characterization and lack of correlation with virulence phenotype. | two strains of fixed rabies virus were examined for their ability to regenerate defective interfering (di) particles and for possible correlation of di particle production with the expression of virulence. a plaque-purified stock of the attenuated era strain (erapp), which characteristically caused an auto-interfering death response in adult mice inoculated i.c., was serially passed at a high m.o.i. inbhk-21 cells. by the sixth passage, di particles were regenerated that corresponded in sediment ... | 1980 | 7463009 |
| evolutionary biology and the treatment of signs and symptoms of infectious disease. | | 1980 | 7464170 |
| rapid antibody response to human diploid rabies vaccine. | the speed of antibody response to two administration schedules of human diploid cell strains rabies vaccine (hdcv) was measured in two groups of veterinary students as a preliminary study to the use of interferon inducers plus vaccine for rabies treatment. when four doses of hdcv were administered in three days instead of four doses in 14 days, 94.7 per cent of those injected had antibody by the seventh day, versus 31.6 per cent in the 14-day group. the maximum titer was lower and antibody fell ... | 1981 | 7468581 |
| single-site localization of rabies virus: impact on laboratory reporting policy. | information accumulated by our rabies laboratory during 1977-1979 was retrospectively analyzed for patterns of rabies localization in brain. of the 1,730 specimens reported positive during that period, 37 were positive at a single site, 27 involving only the cerebellum. therefore, we recommend that those laboratories which offer the fluorescent rabies antibody test (fra) examine both cerebellum and hippocampus. definitive reports based on the fra should be offered only when both sites have been ... | 1981 | 7468888 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex, rabies and rubella viruses by lectins with different specificities. | a series of eleven lectins were investigated for their inhibiting activity towards herpes simplex type 1, rabies and rubella viruses. herpes simplex virus adsorption was inhibited by limulus polyphemus (lpa), canavalia ensiformis (cona) and wheat germ (wga) agglutinins, whereas bauhinia purpurea (bpa) and soybean agglutinins were more effective if present during viral replication; rabies virus attachment to susceptible cells was prevented by lpa and narcissus pseudonarcissus (npa) agglutinin whe ... | 1995 | 7481093 |
| measurement of rabies virus n protein in rabies vaccines. | in this study, we designed a capture elisa using a monoclonal antibody specific for the n protein, the major protein of the rabies virus nucleocapsid, to measure the n protein content in rabies vaccines. free n protein content was compared in the two types of rabies vaccine currently used in humans: suckling mouse brain (smb) vaccine prepared from rabies virus-infected brain tissue, and tissue culture (tc) vaccine prepared from supernatants of rabies virus-infected cells. it was found that smb v ... | 1995 | 7481094 |
| biological and immunogenic properties of a canarypox-rabies recombinant, alvac-rg (vcp65) in non-avian species. | a canarypox-based (alvac) recombinant expressing the rabies g glycoprotein has been utilized to assess in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the canarypox virus vector system. in vitro studies have shown that no replication of the virus can be detected on six human-derived cell lines, nor can the virus be readily adapted to replicate on non-avian cells. expression of the rabies g can be detected on all cell lines analyzed in the absence of productive viral replication. analysis of viral- ... | 1995 | 7483774 |
| [use of molecular biology in epidemiology in rabies]. | | 1995 | 7491415 |
| ro/ss-a and la/ss-b: autoantigens in sjögren's syndrome? | sjögren's syndrome is characterized serologically by the presence of autoantibodies against ro/ss-a and la/ss-b. the mechanisms by which these autoantibodies arise is not clear at this moment. b cells capable of producing antibodies to ro/ss-a and la/ss-b seem to be present in every individual; whether or not an individual indeed makes these antibodies is governed by t cells. recent experiments from us and from others indicate that t cell tolerance towards ro/ss-a and la/ss-b can be broken by im ... | 1995 | 7493450 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1994. | in 1994, 48 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,224 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 6 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,632 cases) were wild animals, whereas 7% (592 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 13.4% from that of 1993 (9,498 cases), with most of the decline resulting from 19.2% fewer cases of rabies in raccoons. two previously described epizootics of rabies involvi ... | 1995 | 7493894 |
| fluorescent labelling of virus, bacteria and iscoms: in vivo systemic and mucosal localisation patterns. | | 1995 | 7502842 |
| spectroscopic evidence that monoclonal antibodies recognize the dominant conformation of medium-sized synthetic peptides. | spectroscopic methods have amply documented that small- and medium-sized peptides tend to assume unordered conformations in water. the conformational tendencies, however, manifest in halogenated alcohols, and the preferred secondary structures are apparent from the circular dichroism (cd) spectra. here we report the results of immobilizing peptide and protein antigens from various mixtures of trifluoroethanol and water during enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. the increased recognition by the a ... | 1994 | 7512605 |
| rabies serogroup viruses in neuroblastoma cells: propagation, "autointerference," and apparently random back-mutation of attenuated viruses to the virulent state. | each of several strains of fixed rabies virus was found to replicate to high titers in c1300 mouse neuroblastoma (clone na) cells, without adaptation. rabies serogroup lagos bat, mokola, and duvenhage viruses also replicated efficiently in na cells. kotonkan and obodhiang viruses replicated efficiently after adaptation, to titers not previously obtained in vitro. infection in na cells was frequently more cytopathic than in bhk-21 cells, allowing titration of kotonkan and obodhiang viruses by pla ... | 1980 | 7380549 |
| relationship of interferon synthesis and the resistance of mice infected with street rabies virus. | genetically homogeneous and heterogeneous mouse populations were tested for resistance to experimental street rabies virus infection and their ability to synthesize interferon (ifn) during the infection. the genetically heterogenous hi mouse population was highly resistant (12% mortality), and the genetically homogeneous balb/c and c3h mice as well as the genetically heterogeneous sw and li mouse populations were susceptible (60 to 71% mortality). the genetically homogeneous a/j mice were highly ... | 1994 | 7521708 |
| glycosylation of synthetic t helper cell epitopic peptides influences their antigenic potency and conformation in a sugar location-specific manner. | the immunodominant t helper cell epitopes 31d and vf13n of rabies virus nucleoprotein and glycoprotein, respectively, correspond to peptide sequences avytrimmnggrlkr and vvedegctnlsgf, and are expressed between amino acids 404-418 and 29-41, of the appropriate proteins. we investigated how internal or external glycosylation affects the biological activity and conformation of the peptides 31d and vf13n. mid-chain incorporation of maltobiose or n-acetylglucosamine moieties into the asparagine resi ... | 1994 | 7524686 |
| neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a rhabdovirus that causes an acute disease in salmon and trout. in this study, a correlation between changes in tissue tropism and specific changes in the virus genome appeared to be made by examining four ihnv neutralization-resistant variants (rb-1, rb-2, rb-3, and rb-4) that had been selected with the glycoprotein (g)-specific monoclonal antibody rb/b5. these variants were compared with the parental strain (rb-76) for their virulence and patho ... | 1994 | 7525991 |
| linear and conformation-dependent antigenic sites on the nucleoprotein of rabies virus. | a set of 29 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the rabies virus nucleoprotein (n protein) was prepared and used to analyze the topography of antigenic sites. at least four partially overlapping antigenic sites were delineated on the n protein of rabies virus by competitive binding assays. indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests using mabs with a series of rabies and rabies-related viruses showed that epitopes shared by various fixed and street strains of rabies virus were mainly localiz ... | 1994 | 7526134 |
| immunobiology of lyssaviruses: the basis for immunoprotection. | | 1994 | 7532121 |
| immunoprotection by rabies virus nucleoprotein. | | 1994 | 7532122 |
| interferon production and immune response induction in apathogenic rabies virus-infected mice. | pathogenic parental rabies virus strain cvs (challenge virus standard) and its apathogenic variant rv194-2 were shown to differ in their ability to induce interferon (ifn) and immune response of the host. after intracerebral inoculation, ifn and antibody production was higher in the rv194-2 virus-infected mice than in the cvs infection. the enhancement of 2-5a synthetase activity, an ifn-mediated enzyme marker, showed biochemical evidence that ifn is active in both apathogenic and pathogenic inf ... | 1994 | 7533478 |
| rabies virus antigenicity: an overview. | | 1993 | 7539906 |
| local nitric oxide production in viral and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. | because of the short half-life of no, previous studies implicating no in central nervous system pathology during infection had to rely on the demonstration of elevated levels of no synthase mrna or enzyme expression or no metabolites such as nitrate and nitrite in the infected brain. to more definitively investigate the potential causative role of no in lesions of the central nervous system in animals infected with neurotropic viruses or suffering from experimental allergic encephalitis, we have ... | 1995 | 7539914 |
| comparison of the effects of amino acid substitutions and beta-n- vs. alpha-o-glycosylation on the t-cell stimulatory activity and conformation of an epitope on the rabies virus glycoprotein. | the first potential n-glycosylation site of the rabies virus glycoprotein, the antigen that carries epitopes for glycoprotein-specific t-cells and virus neutralizing antibodies, is glycosylated inefficiently. recently, we showed that addition of a beta-n-acetyl-glucosamine moiety to the asparagine residue in the corresponding synthetic fragment v v e d e g c t n l s g f (amino acids 29-41), significantly diminished the t-cell stimulatory activity and reduced the characteristic alpha-helicity of ... | 1995 | 7540044 |
| application of immunoperoxidase techniques to formalin-fixed brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies in southern africa. | two immunoperoxidase techniques, viz. avidin-biotin complex (abc) and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (pap) procedures, were applied to paraffin-wax-embedded brain-tissue sections, from brains which had been fixed in 10% formalin, to demonstrate the presence of rabies-virus antigen by light microscopy. these techniques positively identified both "viverrid" and "canid" rabies-virus antigen in tissues sections of species commonly infected with rabies virus in southern africa, viz. the domestic dog (can ... | 1994 | 7541123 |
| [antigenic determination of human anti-rabies vaccine against viral street strains common in the wild animal population in poland]. | the aim of the study was to compare the antigen properties of a vaccine strain with street strains isolated from various animal hosts throughout the country. investigation was carried out using monoclonal antibodies against nc protein. also, two tests were carried out: the modified nih test for potency and the neutralization test using the sera of people vaccinated against rabies (pm vaccine strain). the investigated street strains were used in both tests as the challenge viruses. a suspension o ... | 1994 | 7541494 |
| monoclonal antibodies which recognize the acidic configuration of the rabies glycoprotein at the surface of the virion can be neutralizing. | around 15% of our anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (mabs) failed to neutralize the infectivity of the rabies virus during a 1-hr incubation at room temperature. in previous studies, we have demonstrated that it is possible to induce a massive conformational change of the glycoprotein population by incubating the virus at acidic ph. the conformational change is reversible and consequently viral infectivity is not affected by transient exposure at acidic ph. the proportion of glycoproteins ... | 1995 | 7542418 |
| biological function of the low-ph, fusion-inactive conformation of rabies virus glycoprotein (g): g is transported in a fusion-inactive state-like conformation. | the glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus can assume at least three different conformations: the native (n) state detected at the viral surface above ph 7; the activated (a) hydrophobic state, which is probably involved in the first steps of the fusion process; and the fusion-inactive (i) conformation. there is a ph-dependent equilibrium between these states, the equilibrium being shifted towards the i state at low ph. it has been supposed that the transition from the n to the i state mediates membra ... | 1995 | 7543584 |
| [search for virus-specified sequences in dna of cells persistently infected by rabies virus]. | hybridization of high specific activity 3h-cdna probe or 3h-rna of rabies virus with cell dna did not reveal the presence of virus-specific sequencies in dna of rabies virus persistently infected bhk 21/13s and hep-2 cells. transfection experiments with susceptible cells with dna isolated from persistently infected cultures also brought negative results. | 1980 | 7378566 |
| rabies viral antigen in human tongues and salivary glands. | lingual and major salivary tissue samples from three cases of rabies were stained with the immunoperoxidase (abc) technique. all tissue blocks had been embedded in paraffin 4-10 years before. the first antibody used was monoclonal antirabies nucleocapsin (n) mouse antibody (ham). four out of five pieces of tongue from two cases showed a large amount of granular staining indicating rabies antigen (rvag) inside serous glandular cells, terminal nerves, muscle cells and covering epithelial cells inc ... | 1995 | 7563261 |
| occurrence of rabies in a wolf population in northeastern alaska. | nine alaskan wolves (canis lupus) were found dead during spring and summer 1985; five of seven animals tested for rabies virus were positive. the 1985 epizootic altered annual den use patterns by wolves in northeastern alaska, but did not appear to affect population size. we propose that rabies in arctic wolves may be more common than previously thought. | 1995 | 7563430 |
| activation of human tonsil lymphocytes by rabies virus nucleocapsid superantigen. | the capacity of the rabies virus superantigen (sag) and the nucleocapsid (nc) to activate human tonsil lymphocytes was analyzed by studying the capacity of nc to cause lymphocytes to proliferate and secrete ig and cytokines. nc activation was compared to that obtained with the staphylococcus-derived sag, see, and tsst-1. despite a weak t lymphocyte mitogenic activity restricted to cd4+ t cells, nc triggers tonsil b lymphocytes to produce igg in quantities and frequencies similar to those of see ... | 1995 | 7586725 |
| cdr molecular localization of possible anti-idiotypic anti-dna antibodies in normal subjects, patients with sle, and sle first-degree relatives. | patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) with disease worsening or severe flares frequently show very low levels of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-f(ab')2 antibody. anti-f(ab')2 antibody probably represents a polyclonal collection of generic anti-idiotypic antibodies involved in immune homeostasis. we synthesized the entire variable regions of the heavy and light chains (vh and vl) of two monoclonal anti-dna antibodies, v88 and 2a4, as overlapping 7-mers on small polypropylene ... | 1995 | 7602233 |
| human deaths from cryptic bat rabies in the usa. | | 1995 | 7603211 |
| rabies-induced spongiform change and encephalitis in a heifer. | a 1-year-old mixed breed heifer was presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospital at the university of illinois with a 3-day history of abnormal mentation and aggressive behavior. based on the history and clinical examination, euthanasia and necropsy were recommended. the differential diagnosis included rabies, pseudorabies, and a brain abscess. the brain was removed within 60 minutes of death, and the section submitted for fluorescent antibody testing was positive for rabies virus antig ... | 1995 | 7604498 |
| the glycoprotein g of rhabdoviruses. | rhabdoviruses show an rna-containing helically-wound nucleocapsid either enclosed by or enclosing a membrane m protein, surrounded by a lipid bilayer through which dynamic protein trimers made up of non-covalently associated monomers of glycoprotein g (g) project outside. mature monomeric rhabdoviral g has more than 500 amino acids, 2-6 potential glycosylation sites, 12-16 highly conserved cysteine residues, 2-3 stretches of a-d hydrophobic heptad-repeats, a removed amino terminal hydrophobic si ... | 1995 | 7605197 |
| cross-protection of mice against a global spectrum of rabies virus variants. | rabies, a continuing worldwide problem, kills tens of thousands of people and millions of animals each year. the problem is most severe in developing countries, where cell culture-derived vaccines are unaffordable and the available nervous tissue-derived vaccines are often of questionable immunogenicity and may produce neurological complications. to determine the feasibility of developing a vaccine with worldwide applicability, we investigated whether recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing eith ... | 1995 | 7609065 |
| expression of the nucleoprotein of rabies virus in escherichia coli and mapping of antigenic sites. | investigations were performed to delineate the antigenic sites i and iv of rabies virus nucleoprotein (n), the former of which is well conserved among the rabies and rabies-related viruses. the n cdna of the rc-hl strain was inserted into an expression vector pet3a, with which the e. coli bl21(de3) was transformed. upon induction with isopropyl-1-thio-beta-d-galactoside, the transformants produced a protein with a size (56 k-da) almost identical to that of the authentic n protein. the protein al ... | 1995 | 7611878 |
| photolabeling identifies a putative fusion domain in the envelope glycoprotein of rabies and vesicular stomatitis viruses. | vesicular stomatitis and rabies viruses enter cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by fusion of the viral with the endosomal membrane. the latter step is catalyzed by the viral envelope glycoprotein, which, in the low ph environment of the endosome, undergoes a conformational transition to a fusion-competent state. to investigate whether fusion competence involves the low ph exposure of a hydrophobic fusion region(s), we have applied hydrophobic photolabeling using the recently ... | 1995 | 7615563 |
| translocation of coyote rabies--florida, 1994. | translocation of a rabies variant from one area to another has been identified increasingly in the united states. during november and december 1994, rabies was diagnosed in five dogs from two associated kennels in florida; in addition, two other dogs being kept at one of the kennels died with suspected, but unconfirmed, rabies. rabies virus recovered from the five dogs was identified as a variant not previously found in florida but endemic in coyotes (canis latrans) in south texas. the suspected ... | 1995 | 7623760 |
| comparison of the susceptibility of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) to a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus and to cowpox virus. | sylvatic rabies can be efficiently controlled by vaccination of foxes with a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus. however, the risk of recombination between the engineered vaccine virus and other orthopoxviruses endemic in wildlife, such as cowpox virus, still needs to be investigated. in this study, foxes inoculated orally and intradermally with cowpox virus were found to be not very susceptible to cowpox virus, which was isolated from only the oropharynx and tonsils, at low titre and for only fi ... | 1995 | 7625119 |
| ten year longitudinal study of efficacy and safety of purified chick embryo cell vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies in indian population. | one thousand three hundred and seventy-five (1375) persons, who were vaccinated against rabies with purified chick embryo cell (pcec) vaccine from 1984 to 1993, were included in this ten-year longitudinal study, conducted to observe the consistency, immunogenicity, inocuity, safety and efficacy of pcec vaccine under controlled trial and field conditions. the study period was divided into three phases. phases i and ii covered the premarketing controlled trial and phase iii the post-marketing sero ... | 1995 | 7636151 |