| [use of the radial hemolysis reaction for titrating antirabies sera]. | | 1984 | 6380112 |
| t cell responses to cleaved rabies virus glycoprotein and to synthetic peptides. | the antigenic structure of the rabies virus glycoprotein has been studied. a limited number of fragments were obtained by cyanogen bromide (cnbr) cleavage of viral glycoprotein, and eight large peptides were isolated by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these were tested for their capacity to stimulate the proliferation of nylon wool-purified t cells obtained from spleens of rabies-immune a/j mice. three peptides (cr1, cr2 plus cr2a, and cr3) stimulated antig ... | 1984 | 6332859 |
| rhesus diploid rabies vaccine (adsorbed), a new rabies vaccine. ii. results of clinical studies simulating prophylactic therapy for rabies exposure. | rhesus diploid-cell-strain rabies vaccine (rdrv) (adsorbed) is a new rabies vaccine intended for use in man. sixty volunteers were given five doses of rdrv at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to simulate prophylactic treatment of persons exposed to a rabid animal. thirty-five volunteers were given commercial high-titer rabies immune globulin, 20 iu/kg, before the first dose of rdrv, and 25 were given rdrv without prior rabies immune globulin. antibody responses at 14, 28, and 42 days were comparable wit ... | 1983 | 6341639 |
| epidemiologic analysis of antigenic variations of street rabies virus: detection by monoclonal antibodies. | the nucleocapsid antigen of 204 strains of street rabies virus, which originated in europe, africa and asia, was analyzed by fluorescent antibody staining technique with a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies specific for nucleocapsid of rabies and rabies-related viruses. a definite pattern of reactivity was observed with strains of the same geographic origin with the exception of strains originating from madagascar, thailand and iran which were more diversified. mice immunized with a vaccine prepa ... | 1983 | 6342369 |
| [specificity of monoclonal antibodies obtained with the paster pv rabies virus strain]. | | 1984 | 6400350 |
| rabies prevention--united states, 1984. | | 1984 | 6429509 |
| mechanism of rabies virus entry into cer cells. | the early steps of rabies virus (cvs) infection in vitro were studied in chicken embryo-related (cer) cells. the infection was monitored by looking for specific intracytoplasmic viral inclusions using anti-rabies fluorescein isothiocyanate at 24 h after the addition of virus. the attachment of rabies virus to cer cells was shown to be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with neuraminidase. these cells recovered their susceptibility to rabies virus infection 6 h after removal of the enzyme. tr ... | 1984 | 6423770 |
| murine resistance to street rabies virus: genetic analysis by testing second-backcross progeny and verification of allelic resistance genes in sjl/j and cba/j mice. | intraperitoneal challenge with street rabies virus of second-backcross offspring produced from susceptible females mated with either randomly selected or rabies-resistant first-backcross males indicated that murine resistance is under the influence of the concurrent presence of each of two segregating genes. furthermore, the greater than or equal to 96% resistance of offspring produced from (sjl x cba)f1 and (cba x sjl)f1 hybrids crossed to susceptible a.sw or a/wysn mice demonstrated that resis ... | 1984 | 6423836 |
| a collaborative study on the use of single radial immunodiffusion for the assay of rabies virus glycoprotein. | the single radial immunodiffusion (srd) technique has been applied to the assay of the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines produced in cell cultures. fourteen laboratories in seven countries participated in a collaborative study to evaluate the reproducibility of the srd technique; some laboratories also examined vaccines in the mouse protection (nih) test and by enzyme immunoassay. good agreement was found between potency estimates using the srd technique: the geometric coefficients of vari ... | 1984 | 6434544 |
| rabies: spongiform lesions in the brain. | striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) experimentally infected with street rabies virus developed spongiform lesions that light- and electron-microscopically were indistinguishable from those found in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of man and animals. these previously unreported lesions were also detected in naturally occurring cases of rabies. the spongiform lesions consisted of round or oval vacuoles in the neuropil, rarely in neuronal perikarya. the most severely affected areas wer ... | 1984 | 6464676 |
| a plaque-purified rabies virus (strains v-319) derived from a vampire bat (desmodus rotundus) in mexico: vaccine potential. | a plaque-purified experimental rabies vaccine was developed from an isolate (strain v-319) made from a naturally infected vampire bat (desmodus rotundus). two different vaccines were prepared; one was live virus and the second was an inactivated rabies virus preparation. the live virus vaccine, as well as a betapropiolactone-inactivated vaccine, gave complete protection to challenge inoculation after 1 year. in contrast, greater than 80% of the non-vaccinated experimental control cattle died of ... | 1984 | 6467947 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of adenosine analogues. | in recent years certain aliphatic and carbocyclic adenosine analogues have been developed which are of potential clinical importance as antiviral agents. this includes (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(s)-dhpa] and carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (c-c3ado). (s)-dhpa and c-c3ado are remarkably similar in their antiviral spectrum in that they are particularly active against (-) rna viruses such as measles, para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and (+ ... | 1984 | 6476818 |
| rabies virus in the salivary glands and nasal mucosa of naturally infected skunks. | several salivary glands and the nasal mucosa of rabid skunks (mephitis mephitis) contained rabies virus. generally titers were high in the submandibular, moderate in the parotid and low to moderate in the zygomatic, molar and sublingual salivary glands. the nasal mucosa (glands and epithelium) contained virus at low to moderate titers that occasionally were equal to titers in brain. | 1984 | 6478304 |
| rapidity of booster response to rabies vaccine produced in cell culture. | | 1984 | 6491383 |
| [the effect of adjuvant substances on the antigenic activity of cellular antirabies vaccine in experiments on cattle]. | trials were conducted with young cattle to study the effect of adjuvants, applied subcutaneously and intramuscularly, upon the antigenic activity of live and inactivated cell rabies vaccine prepared from the vnukovo -32 strain at the level of the 107th series cell passage. cerebral vaccine of fermi type was also used in the trials for comparison. the antibodies were parallelly titrated by four methods, three of which were conducted in vitro. the levels of antirabies antibodies indicate a possibi ... | 1983 | 6426120 |
| [rabies in the common hamster (cricetus cricetus) in slovakia]. | the trials were conducted within the full-scale research on the ecology of lyssa virus. in a period of the mass outbreak of common hamster population in the east slovakian region, 283 hamsters were examined for rabies. using the direct immunofluorescence method (difm), the rabies antigen was detected in the brain of five hamsters. three virus strains (denoted as 3 o, 7 e, 9 e) were isolated by means of the inoculation test on sucking mice. on the basis of the detection of the nucleo-protein anti ... | 1984 | 6441329 |
| [excretion of the rabies virus in foxes after experimental infection]. | fourteen foxes (vulpes vulpes crucigera) were experimentally infected with rabies. the excretion of the virus in saliva was subjected to qualitative study. three different street strains isolated in the territory of the czech socialist republic were used for the intramuscular infection at the doses of 50 or 5000 micld50. the presence of the virus in saliva was demonstrated in 12 animals (86%). post-mortal examination revealed the virus in the salivary gland of 13 animals (93%). the virus started ... | 1984 | 6441330 |
| [rabies virus in the saliva of infected animals before the outbreak of clinical symptoms]. | | 1984 | 6499675 |
| presence of neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus in striped skunks from areas free of skunk rabies in alberta. | nine percent of 198 serum samples from striped skunks, mephitis mephitis (schreber) from five areas of alberta were positive for rabies neutralizing antibody. positive samples were minimal (2%) from specimens sampled in an area enzootic for rabies and occurred at greater rates in areas negative for skunk rabies. transmission of rabies virus to skunks may have been from a source other than skunks in those areas, most probably from bats. | 1984 | 6492318 |
| [experimental bovine rabies: susceptibility, symptoms, humoral immunologic reactions, lesions and virus excretion]. | in france, rabies in cattle is transmitted by a bite of a rabid fox. this disease represents a threat for public health. few written observations concerning bovine rabies have been made. this report describes a model of experimental bovine rabies, necessary for further studies. consequently, sixteen cattle were inoculated with a street rabies virus suspension into each masseter muscle: ten were challenged with 5 x 10(5) micld50, three with 5 x 10(4) micld50 and three with 5 x 10(3) micld50. the ... | 1984 | 6517475 |
| [biological and immunological behavior of an attenuated strain of rabies virus propagated in a primary culture of fetal bovine kidney]. | | 1984 | 6522875 |
| [results of human immunization with a new rabies vaccine containing no neuroallergenic brain tissue factor]. | immunization with a vaccine prepared from sheep-brain-grown fixed rabies virus inactivated with beta-propiolactone was given to 146 subjects. the vaccine was by 80-90% purified from waste brain tissue substances (protein content less than 2 mg/ml) and showed no neuroallergenicity in guinea pig tests. simultaneously 86 subjects were vaccinated with commercial fermi vaccine. immunization was performed according to the schedules accepted in the ussr. the new vaccine produced much fewer local reacti ... | 1984 | 6495706 |
| antigenic analysis of rabies and mokola virus from zimbabwe using monoclonal antibodies. | eighteen strains of virus were recovered by tissue culture techniques from 20 samples of mouse brain received from harare, zimbabwe, and typed with monoclonal antibodies at the wistar institute. on the basis of reactivity with these monoclonal antibodies specific for rabies and rabies-related viruses, seven strains were identified as mokola viruses, and the remaining 11, as rabies viruses. seventeen of 36 monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid antigen reacted with the mokola strains, but ... | 1984 | 6526138 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against the pasteur (p.v.) strain of rabies virus: problems and results. | assuming the fact that the highest specific secreting hybrids number has been recorded with iq secreting spleen cells, we did some immunizing protocols to maximize the elisa reacting antibodies: for this balb/c mice were primed intra-peritoneally with vaccine containing inactivated rabies (p.v. strain). half of them were boosted intravenously with the same concentrated purified and live virus. we performed a series of hybridizations, at different times (i.e. 10, 15, 20, 75 days), between the rab ... | 1984 | 6526139 |
| [the vaccination of cattle against rabies. antibody kinetics, resistance to challenge three years after vaccination]. | the kinetics and the titre of the serum neutralising antibodies have been studied for 55 months, in eight cows already vaccinated against rabies with a commercial vaccine. the titres remained stable during this period and increased after the booster injection 16 months after the primary immunization. the protection obtained with this vaccine was tested. these cattle and five controls were inoculated in each masseter muscle in the 55th month with a street rabies virus suspension (5 x 10(5) micld5 ... | 1984 | 6529124 |
| pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: efficacy of a new packaging and delivery system for intradermal administration of human diploid cell vaccine. | the efficacy of a newly designed syringe prepacked with human diploid cell vaccine in a sufficient quantity to deliver individual 0.1 ml doses intradermally was tested by injecting 40 veterinary students with a single dose on each of days 0, 7 and 28. a second group of 20 students received the ordinary series of three 1.0 ml intramuscular vaccine doses by needle and syringe. all participants in both groups developed neutralizing antibodies to rabies above the suggested minimum of 0.5 internation ... | 1984 | 6531959 |
| [sylvatic rabies: a pediatric problem?]. | rabies epizooty has been recently reported from several italian provinces: bolzano, udine, belluno, brescia, sondrio, varese, como and bergamo. the rate of spread of the infection through wild animals has been estimated in 50 km/year. we have reviewed the fundamental characters or rabies virus, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of disease. furthermore the fundamental guidelines of passive and active immunization will be stressed with spread emphasis to the pre-exposition active immuni ... | 1984 | 6533586 |
| antigenic characteristics of isolates associated with a new epizootic of raccoon rabies in the united states. | a panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of rabies virus was used to study the antigenic character of isolates of rabies virus from raccoons in the mid-atlantic region of the united states. comparison of the reaction pattern of these isolates with that of isolates of rabies virus collected from areas of major rabies outbreaks (skunk rabies in the midwestern united states, fox rabies in the northeastern united states, and raccoon rabies in the southeastern united states) su ... | 1984 | 6539356 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies to confirm vaccine-induced rabies in ten dogs, two cats, and one fox. | a panel of 8 monoclonal antibodies to rabies glycoprotein antigen was used to characterize the modified-live virus vaccines marketed in the united states during the last 10 years. thirteen of 14 rabies virus isolates from 11 dogs, 2 cats, and 1 fox suspected of developing vaccine-induced rabies were shown to have reactivity patterns that were identical to the vaccine administered. reactivity patterns for 20 rabies isolates from human beings, wild animals, or domestic animals with no history of r ... | 1984 | 6540768 |
| expression of rabies virus glycoprotein from a recombinant vaccinia virus. | rabies is one of the oldest diseases know to man, but its successful control has remained elusive. although effective vaccines of tissue culture origin against rabies do exist, such preparations are expensive. live vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants expressing influenza or hepatitis b antigens have recently been used to immunize against these diseases. we have now used this approach to produce a novel rabies vaccine. we first altered the rabies glycoprotein cdna by site-directed mutagenesis and re ... | 1984 | 6548799 |
| amino acid sequence similarity between rabies virus glycoprotein and snake venom curaremimetic neurotoxins. | evidence was presented earlier that a host-cell receptor for the highly neurotropic rabies virus might be the acetylcholine receptor. the amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein of rabies virus was compared by computer analysis with that of snake venom curaremimetic neurotoxins, potent ligands of the acetylcholine receptor. a statistically significant sequence relation was found between a segment of the rabies glycoprotein and the entire sequence of long neurotoxins. the greatest identity occurs ... | 1984 | 6494916 |
| anti-idiotypic antibodies induce neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus glycoprotein. | rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (alpha id ab) were prepared against five murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for the rabies virus glycoprotein. four of the mab were directed against three known, type-specific, neutralizing sites on the glycoprotein, and the other mab was directed against a topographically uncharacterized, nonneutralizing epitope. an absence of significant cross-reactivity among the alpha id ab for heterologous mab suggested that the alpha id ab were highly specific for ... | 1983 | 6605428 |
| persistence of rabies antibody in free-ranging raccoons. | the immune status of a wildlife population to rabies virus probably influences the occurrences of epizootics among that species in a given geographical area. this is not to say that enzootic transmission of the virus will not occur, but rather that attainment of epizootic levels may be hampered through herd immunity. after an epizootic of rabies in a raccoon population in the fall of 1970, a serologic surveillance program was initiated from november 1970 through august 1974. the surveillance pro ... | 1983 | 6619583 |
| purified chick embryo cell (pcec) rabies vaccine for human use. laboratory data. | a new inactivated rabies vaccine (purified chick embryo cell vaccine) for use in humans has been developed. the flury-lep c25 strain of rabies virus was adapted to propagate in primary chick embryo cell cultures. the antigen was purified and concentrated by continuous density gradient centrifugation and inactivated by betapropiolactone. the pcec-rabies vaccine was tested for innocuity, tolerability and protective capacity in a series of laboratory tests and compared with human diploid cell strai ... | 1984 | 6525146 |
| [specific and nonspecific humoral response to vaccination with the anti-rabies vaccination agents rabivac and vnukovo-32]. | | 1983 | 6627311 |
| rabies in humans. | | 1983 | 6554155 |
| [intradermal administration of hdc vaccine in the immunization of people against rabies]. | | 1984 | 6503605 |
| [aspects of the immunogenic capacities of the fixed babeş rabies virus to vaccines prepared from nerve tissue of different categories of experimental animals]. | | 1983 | 6635460 |
| [antigenic activity and the reactogenicity of a concentrated, purified, uv-inactivated cultured rabies vaccine]. | the results of the study of concentrated, purified, uv-inactivated cell-culture rabies vaccine, obtained from strain vnukovo-22, passage 33-40, in the primary culture of syrian hamster kidney cells, demonstrated the pronounced antigenic potency of this vaccine: when introduced intramuscularly in 3-4 injections at certain intervals, it induced the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in high titers. in tests on volunteers the vaccine proved to be nonreactogenic. | 1983 | 6637275 |
| a study of candidate rabies vaccines for a national reference preparation for the evaluation of antigenic potency. | an unconcentrated and a concentrated lot of rabies vaccine prepared in syrian hamster kidney cell culture from the vnukovo-32 strain have been examined for their suitability as national reference preparations for rabies vaccine. the antigenic potencies of the preparations were assessed by the nih test using both fixed and street strains of rabies virus and by the method of antibody induction. the candidate vaccines were calibrated in comparative assays with the who 3rd international reference pr ... | 1983 | 6643509 |
| rabies virus in the tonsils of a carrier dog. | a female dog, inoculated with a rabies isolate from the saliva of an apparently healthy ethiopian dog, developed rabies but later recovered without supportive treatment. rabies virus was isolated from the saliva collected 42, 169 and 305 days after recovery. sixteen months after it recovered, the dog suddenly died after giving birth to two stillborn puppies. at necropsy, viral antigen could be detected in the tonsils and the brain tissue, but viable virus was isolated from the palatine tonsils o ... | 1983 | 6651535 |
| antibody response to a single intradermal booster dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine. | | 1983 | 6654729 |
| a continuous cell line, gk, derived from the kidney tissue of mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) and its virological application. | a fibroblast-like continuous cell line was established from the kidney tissue of the female mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) and designated as gk cell line. the cells were susceptible to the infection with several dna and rna animal viruses, particularly with four prototype strains of dengue viruses and the hep-flury strain of rabies virus. | 1983 | 6656002 |
| rabies in oklahoma: report of a human case. | | 1983 | 6631574 |
| preliminary study on fixed rabies virus strain "roma". i: adaptation on bhk21/s13 cells. | in this study the attempts to adapt roma fixed rabies virus to bhk21/s13 cells and human diploid fibroblasts, for a better characterization of the virus, are reported. bhk21 cells were infected with the virus and maintained in culture for more than 100 passages. a persistently infected culture by rabies virus was obtained. attempts to propagate virus in human diploid fibroblasts were unsuccessful. | 1983 | 6633274 |
| [preventive rabies immunization--is simplification in view?]. | | 1983 | 6669819 |
| study of the presence of rabies virus in indigenous bats. | one hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts of bangladesh. antemortem and post mortem examinations of the bats for rabies were conducted. microscopic studies and biological tests were carried-out with bat's brain for the detection of rabies virus. the results were negative. it may therefore, be concluded that the insectivorous and fruit eating bats from different parts of bangladesh do not act as the reservoir for rabies virus. | 1983 | 6675666 |
| the use of various immunochemical, biochemical and biological methods for the analysis of rabies virus production in tissue cultures. | for the preparation of rabies vaccines, virus was grown in cultures of primary cells (bovine fetal kidney) or heteroploid cell lines (hak and vero). comparative analysis of concentrated and/or purified antigen has shown a good correlation between the protective capacity (as determined by the nih test for potency) on one hand, and hemagglutinating titer, optical absorbance at 280 nm and glycoprotein content (evaluated by the enzyme-immuno assay - eia) on the other. furthermore, the evaluation of ... | 1983 | 6677532 |
| protective antibodies after vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine. | | 1983 | 6681004 |
| mokola virus infection in cats and a dog in zimbabwe. | | 1983 | 6623871 |
| human rabies in the united states, 1960 to 1979: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. | thirty-eight cases of human rabies occurred in the united states and its territories from 1960 to 1979. the major source of exposure to rabies has changed from indigenous dogs and cats in the 1940s and 1950s to wild carnivores and bats (11 of the 27 cases with known exposures); unusual exposures (3 cases) and exposures in a foreign country (7 cases) have also become more important. no exposure could be identified for 6 of the 38 cases. two patients received optimal prophylaxis, 14 suboptimal, an ... | 1984 | 6712036 |
| antibody-mediated enhancement of rabies virus infection in a mouse macrophage cell line (p388d1). | the suggestion that antibodies might enhance rabies virus infection of macrophages through opsonization of immune complexes was tested in vitro by adaptation of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique for the examination of a macrophage cell line (p388d1). some enhancement of rabies virus infection was shown. the relationship between such enhancement with the 'early death' phenomenon and its occurrence in vivo is discussed. | 1984 | 6726187 |
| characterization of saturable binding sites for rabies virus. | a specific, saturable receptor for rabies virus was analyzed on cultured cells of neural or non-neural origin. viral attachment kinetics were enhanced by deae-dextran, an effect which in turn enhanced the apparent infectivity of the virus inoculum. under optimized conditions, the attachment of metabolically labeled era strain rabies virus obeyed the laws of mass action, whereby the amount of virus bound to cells varied proportionally with the concentration of cells or virus. attachment was sensi ... | 1984 | 6726888 |
| post-exposure intradermal antirabies vaccine: a cheaper alternative for developing countries. | intradermal (i.d.) human diploid-cell vaccine (hdcv) has been routinely used for post-exposure treatment of rabies at a rural mission hospital in central thailand since 1979. four 0.1 ml doses have been given over a fortnight, reconstituted vaccine being regularly stored for repeated use. no significant side effects have been encountered. consistent antibody formation has been shown. in patients followed up for one year no case of rabies has been observed. post-exposure intradermal hdcv is safer ... | 1984 | 6729974 |
| [morphology of the arctic rabies virus]. | | 1984 | 6730443 |
| peripheral distribution of virus in dogs inoculated with two strains of rabies virus. | forty-seven beagles were inoculated im with an ethiopian strain or a mexican strain of rabies virus to study the pathogenesis of street rabies virus in dogs. thirty-nine dogs died of rabies, with incubation periods lasting 9 to 69 days. of the dogs that died, 82% had shown typical signs of rabies, but 18% died without any noticeable signs of illness. eight dogs that remained healthy during an observation period lasting more than 2 years did not produce detectable amounts of rabies virus-neutrali ... | 1984 | 6731986 |
| post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. | | 1984 | 6739341 |
| [immunogenicity of a new, highly purified, highly concentrated duck-embryo rabies vaccine]. | the protective value and safety of human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine (hdcv) are well established [6, 8, 11]. at present, however, the high cost and small yields of hdcv has restricted its use, particularly in developing countries where rabies vaccine is needed in large amounts. the inexpensive duck embryo rabies vaccine (dev), also prepared with the pitman -moore strain, is potent and generally safe despite occasional allergic complications [9, 13]. the vaccine has been used with success ... | 1984 | 6740281 |
| leads from the mmwr. recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (acip). rabies prevention--united states, 1984. | | 1984 | 6748184 |
| inactivation of rabies virus in reagents used for the fluorescent rabies antibody test. | procedures for inactivating rabies virus in reagents used for the fluorescent rabies antibody test are described. mouse brain adsorbing suspensions containing greater than or equal to 10(9) 50% lethal doses of virus per ml were rendered noninfectious by treatment with 0.1% beta-propiolactone or by heating at 56 degrees for greater than or equal to 30 min. viable virus in tissue impression smears was inactivated by acetone fixation at 50 degrees c for greater than or equal to 30 min or by immersi ... | 1982 | 6749889 |
| small wild rodents rabies in czechoslovakia. | during a period of 1969-1979 a total of 3174 small wild rodents of the genus muridae and microtinae (predominantly microtus arvalis) were examined. the animals were trapped in five localities differing both in type of ecological conditions and epizootologic situation. fox-rabies occurred here either enzootically, or epizootologically, or had been completely absent for many years in one of the localities investigated. of the 71 isolated strains of rv 18 strains were isolated from brain, 25 from b ... | 1982 | 6749977 |
| oral immunization of foxes against rabies. laboratory and field studies. | a short description is given of the laboratory experience gained in oral immunization of foxes against rabies, and its application in a limited field trial in switzerland with an attempt to control two outbreaks of fox rabies. | 1982 | 6751678 |
| the dissemination of rabies virus into cranial nerves and other tissues of experimentally infected goats and dogs and naturally infected skunks. | immunofluorescence examination for rabies virus antigen performed on skin specimens acquired from experimentally inoculated rabid goats and some dogs, often show little or not fluorescence. this observation is contrary to results obtained by comparable examination of the skin of naturally infected animals and most experimentally infected dogs. in an effort to elucidate some factors associated with this experience, an experiment was performed to similarly examine the cranial nerves to see if the ... | 1982 | 6757169 |
| rabies-related viruses. | five viruses related to rabies occur in africa. two of these, obodhiang from sudan and kotonkan from nigeria, were found in insects and are only distantly related to rabies virus. the other three are antigenically more closely related to rabies. mokola virus was isolated from shrews in nigeria, lagos bat virus from fruit bats in nigeria, and duvenhage virus from brain of a man bitten by a bat in south africa. the public health significance of the rabies-related viruses was emphasized in zimbabwe ... | 1982 | 6758373 |
| [study of antigenic characteristics of strains of rabies virus in tunisia using monoclonal antibodies]. | | 1982 | 6758715 |
| rabies neutralizing antibodies determination by the modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. | the correlation between the modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition tests for detecting rabies virus antibodies in human sera was studied, using as reference the standard mouse neutralization test. statistical analyses showed good correlation among the three serological tests. there were no statistically significant differences in titers obtained by serum neutralization and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition tests and the estimated titers based on the res ... | 1983 | 6659741 |
| rabies prophylaxis. | | 1984 | 6702550 |
| [therapeutic activity of the combined use of an interferon inducer and vaccine in experimental rabies]. | experiments in mice inoculated intramuscularly with a large dose of virulent street rabies virus demonstrated effectiveness of combined treatment with an interferon inducer (double-strand rna) and vaccine. the treatment was started 24 hours after inoculation. the degree of protection of the animals treated by the combined method depended on the site of ds-rna inoculation: intracerebral inoculation produced 58% protection (p less than 0.001), intravenous 35% (p less than 0,01), and intramuscular ... | 1983 | 6659475 |
| [indirect immunofluorescence microtest in the determination of antirabies antibodies]. | the a.a. describe an indirect fluorescent antibody microtest for the rapid detection and titration of antirabies antibodies. slides containing rabies antigen were prepared by planting 50% infected cells onto multiwelled teflon-coated slides. following fixation, slides were stored at -20 degrees c until used. the indirect fluorescent antibody microtest was compared to the rffit in titration of sera containing rabies antibodies. the test was found to be rapid, easy and reliable. | 1982 | 6765380 |
| [immunization of calves with a rabies vaccine from suckling mouse brain]. | this paper summarizes the results obtained in a study on the duration of immunity in calves immunized with suckling mouse brain (smb) rabies vaccine, supplemented with aluminum hydroxide. rabies circulating antibodies were detected ten days after vaccination in 100% of the 31 vaccinated calves. they began to decrease 90 days after immunization. of the 15 calves challenged one year postimmunization, 5 (33%) had no detectable antibodies at serum dilution 1:5, but all were protected against the cha ... | 1981 | 6765751 |
| [molecular study in polyacrylamide gel of polypeptides of several strains of rabies virus]. | comparative study of structural polypeptides of five rabies virus strains (serotype 1) and one serotype iv, demonstrates difference in molecular weight of the envelope polypeptides m1 and g of all strains. there is little difference between the structural polypeptides n, m2 and probably l. some purified strains have been treated by trypsine to localize the position of polypeptides. there was no difference between the four major polypeptides of complete and defective virus. pasteur strain cultiva ... | 1980 | 6771049 |
| [igm and igg antibody formation against rabies virus after post-infection immunization]. | | 1981 | 6780892 |
| cytotoxicity reactions against target cells infected with rabies virus. | some aspects of the cytotoxicity reactions were studied in the rabies system. the antibody-dependent complement cytotoxicity (adc), the cellular cytotoxicity (cc), and the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) are shown, being the cytotoxic effect as evidenced by the 51cr released from the cells infected with the pasteur strain of rabies virus. some parameters such as time of cellular infection, the amount of infected cells, the concentration of complement, and the incubation time of t ... | 1982 | 6759519 |
| [pathogenesis of experimental rabies infection in foxes and cats infected with viruses isolated from hamsters (cricetus cricetus)]. | all the infected foxes (9) contracted the disease and died from rabies the 20th-21st day from infection with the virus isolated from hamster. out of the total number of 9 cats experimentally infected by intramuscular infection, seven showed symptoms of clinical disease on the 18th-34th day from infection. the infected dogs, wolves and rabbits did not show clinical disease. in the post mortem examination of eight foxes the rabies virus or rabies antigen was detected in all parts of the cns and in ... | 1981 | 6791357 |
| [distribution of rabies antigen in the central nervous system of rats and mice experimentally infected with rabies strains isolated from hamsters (cricetus cricetus)]. | the comparative experiments were carried out to study the distribution of the rabies antigen in the central nervous system (cns) of sewer-rats and mice experimentally infected with three "hamster" strains (for comparison also with "fox" strain 1151); it was found out that with microscopical observation of preparations stained by the method of direct immunofluorescence the "hamster" strains produced a blended picture of fluorescing particles characteristic of strains with a reduced virulence and ... | 1981 | 6791359 |
| chiropteran rabies in minnesota: 1976-1980. | | 1982 | 6759693 |
| [immunoenzymatic titration of glycoprotein, an in vitro technic for evaluation of the activity of antirabies vaccines]. | | 1982 | 6759507 |
| [inhibition of the process of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced dna break repair in chronically virus-infected human cells]. | inhibition of dna resynthesis after treatment of cell culture with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide was found to be due not to the induction of virus mutants repressing this system but to the selection in the cell population of cells predominantly with partially or completely defective system of reparation, or to the development of cellular reparative system because of the presence of viruses in the cell. in chronic infection of hep-2 cells with tick-borne encephalitis, rubella, and rabies viruses the s ... | 1981 | 6789556 |
| genetic control of resistance to street rabies virus in mice. | resistance to intraperitoneally inoculated street rabies virus (srv) in mice was shown to be under genetic control. sjl/j, cba/j, dba/2j, and balb/can mice were resistant, whereas a/wysn/j and a.sw/snj mice were susceptible. in addition, female mice of the resistant balb/can and dba/2j strains were more resistant than their male counterparts. resistance was not controlled solely by the major histocompatibility locus because susceptible a.sw/snj and resistant sjl/j mice have the same h-2s haploty ... | 1983 | 6822785 |
| chemical and immunological analysis of the rabies soluble glycoprotein. | soluble glycoprotein (gs), purified from virion-depleted, rabies-infected tissue culture fluid, was chemically and immunologically analyzed. a comparison of this antigen with the virion-associated glycoprotein showed that gs lacks 58 amino acid residues from the carboxy terminus of the virion-associated glycoprotein. analysis with monoclonal antibodies revealed that all the epitopes of the viral glycoprotein are also present in the soluble glycoprotein. however, when tested for its ability to pr ... | 1983 | 6823748 |
| molecular basis of rabies virus virulence. ii. identification of a site on the cvs glycoprotein associated with virulence. | nine anti-g monoclonal antibodies were used to select mutants of the cvs strain of rabies virus resistant to neutralization. seven mutants were avirulent in adult mice and two others exhibited an attenuated pathogenicity. both categories were resistant to monoclonal antibodies 194-2 and 248-8. virulence appears to be associated with a particular configuration of a region of the glycoprotein which is located at the intersection of the epitopes recognized by these two monoclonal antibodies. our re ... | 1983 | 6827249 |
| a single-radial-immunodiffusion technique for the assay of rabies glycoprotein antigen: application for potency tests of vaccines against rabies. | an assay for rabies glycoprotein antigen based on single-radial-immunodiffusion (srd) is described. rabies glycoprotein antigen at concentrations of 0.7 microgram/ml or greater (approx. 1 international unit, iu) produced well-defined srd reactions zones in immunoplates containing antibody to purified glycoprotein. plots of zone area against relative antigen concentration were linear. the method was found to be of suitable sensitivity fo in vitro potency assays of inactivated cell culture rabies ... | 1982 | 6802936 |
| the primary hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine: adaptation of viral strain, production of vaccine, and pre- and postexposure treatment. | the hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine was investigated as a substitute for classical nervous tissue rabies vaccine. the beijing strain of fixed rabies virus was adapted to primary hamster kidney cells (phkcs), and four types of rabies vaccine (plain, adjuvant, concentrated, and concentrated adjuvant vaccines) were developed for human use. the potencies of the vaccines met the requirements of the world health organization, and these vaccines elicited rather satisfactory antibody responses in vol ... | 1983 | 6833794 |
| antigenic sites on the cvs rabies virus glycoprotein: analysis with monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic variation in the glycoprotein of rabies (cvs-11) virus was studied. neutralization-resistant variant viruses were isolated in vitro at high frequency (10(-4) to 10(-5)) in the presence of anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody. analysis of these variants identified at least three functionally independent antigenic sites, based on the grouping of variants that were no longer neutralized by one or more of a panel of 24 monoclonal antibodies. competition radioimmunoassay suggested that one ... | 1983 | 6834008 |
| thermostability of the rabies virion. optical density measurement technique applications. | the thermal degradation of rabies virus was determined by the variation in optical density at 260 nm during temperature rise. this variation, linked to denaturation of rna, was seen by an irreversible sigmoidal curve. analysis of the state of the virion by ultracentrifugation did not show any alteration in sedimentation. electron microscopy revealed a release of nucleic acid of the virions which were burst to a greater or lesser degree. the technical conditions of these measurements--speed of te ... | 1982 | 6813020 |
| [particularities of the morphogenesis of the rabies virus and of its morphology observed during routine culture controls through the electron microscope]. | whilst practising routine controls with an electron microscope on nil 2 cell cultures infected by the rabies virus, the occasion arose to reveal certain features of the morphogenesis of this virus and the particular action of glutaraldehyde which alters the aspect of the rabies virus. during the cultures, we witnessed, in succession, the production of morphologically normal virions, then progressively degraded virions whilst the cells recover and develop towards a chronic infection state. glutar ... | 1982 | 6813021 |
| rapid test for detection of rabies antibodies in human serum. | a simple, sensitive, rapid method based on the principle of immunoadherence hemagglutination (iaha) has been devised for the detection of rabies antibody. in this test, fixation of complement to complexes of rabies antigen with specific antibodies is readily detected by agglutination of human erythrocytes bearing receptors for c3. sera from individuals undergoing preexposure rabies immunization were tested for rabies antibodies by the iaha method and by a virus neutralization test performed in t ... | 1983 | 6841582 |
| [effect of the interferon inducer rff2 on the course of an infection due to the rabies virus in mice]. | the data of the study on the influence of an interferon inducer, phage rff2 rna, on the course of infection with fixed rabies virus and on the formation of postvaccination immunity are presented. the inoculation of the inducer in a dose of 1 mg/kg was shown to produce interferon in the blood of white mice within 6 hours up to 320 units/ml which decreased by 24 hours to 20-40 units/ml. no protective effect, however, was observed upon intracerebral inoculation of white mice with fixed rabies virus ... | 1983 | 6845719 |
| a study of antibody levels in wild ruminants vaccinated against rabies. | the authors have vaccinated 22 fallow deer (dama dama) and 10 mouflons (ovis ammon musimon) against rabies with an inactivated vaccine: 4 fallow deer with 1 ml, 14 fallow deer and 10 mouflons with 2 ml, 4 animals were kept as controls (fallow deer). the antibody responses were checked by fluorescent foci inhibition carried out on blood samples collected during a two-year period. all the animals developed antibody titres and were still protected after 24 months. | 1983 | 6868344 |
| studies on pathogenic, immunogenic, and protective efficiency of fox rabies virus before and after adaptation to cell culture: application to vaccination against rabies. | rabies virus from the submandibular salivary gland of a naturally infected fox was adapted to growth in bhk-21 cells. the pathogenicity of the original isolate and the cell culture adapted virus were compared by the intramuscular and oral routes in mice and foxes. animals surviving exposure were tested for serum rabies antibodies (immunogenic efficiency) and for their ability to survive a second challenge with rabies virus (protective efficiency). in mice, ratios between lethal and protective do ... | 1983 | 6831313 |
| amino acid sequence of the rabies virus glycoprotein deduced from its cloned gene. | double-stranded complementary dna was synthesized from rabies virus-specific glycoprotein mrna and inserted into the pst i site of pbr322. the glycoprotein inserted sequence contains approximately 1.75 kilobase pairs and lacks only approximately 35 nucleotides from the 5' terminus of the glycoprotein mrna. the nucleotide sequence indicates a polypeptide of 524 amino acids beginning with an initiation codon atg and ending with a termination of codon tga. the first 19 amino acids make up a signal ... | 1982 | 6897030 |
| neurotropism of rabies virus. an in vitro study. | the relative susceptibility of neurons and glia, grown as monolayers in vitro, to rabies virus infection was explored. established cell lines of neuronal or glial phenotype and primary cultures of cells derived from mouse dorsal root ganglia (drc) or brain were used as homologues of the targets of rabies virus in the nervous system. fixed rabies virus (cvs) strain was used in most experiments; other fixed rabies strains (pv, hep, era) and a street rabies virus isolate were used in some. virus-ce ... | 1983 | 6864237 |
| acute rabies death mediated by antibody. | among inadequately immunized laboratory animals dying of rabies, a small but consistent proportion succumb after an incubation period shorter than that of any of the unvaccinated controls and this phenomenon has been termed 'early death'. it has also been shown that, after immunosuppression either with cyclophosphamide or by thymectomy and irradiation, rabies-infected animals survive longer with decreased incidence of paralysis. it appears that 'early death' also occurs in humans who have been t ... | 1981 | 6971412 |
| recovery from experimental rabies by adoptive transfer of immune cells. | the transient, sublethal infection produced by intracerebral inoculation of the flury high egg passage (hep) strain of rabies virus into adult mice was converted into a lethal one (approx. 80 to 100% mortality) by administering 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (cy) 2 days after infection. immunosuppressed, infected animals showed no immunological response to rabies and died 15 to 20 days after infection. however, mortality was reduced to 12% when suppressed mice were adoptively immunized, 4 days after ... | 1981 | 6975354 |
| prevalence of abortive canine rabies in chiang mai, thailand. | | 1983 | 6854177 |
| comparison of primary skunk brain and kidney and raccoon kidney cells with established cell lines for isolation and propagation of street rabies virus. | cell cultures prepared from skunk kidney, raccoon kidney, and skunk brain were compared with cer, murine neuroblastoma (c1300, clone na), baby hamster kidney (bhk-21, s-13), and dog kidney (mdck) cell lines for virus isolation and propagation of street and fixed rabies virus. the skunk brain cells were suitable for efficient replication of all the virus isolates. they were comparable to cer and murine neuroblastoma cells for virus isolation and propagation. none of the other cell cultures was sa ... | 1983 | 6885165 |
| rabies. | | 1980 | 6987732 |
| use of an enzyme immunoassay with protein a for rabies antigen and antibody determination. | the rabies antigen quantitation reported here is based on the principle of an enzyme immuno micro assay (eia) using antigen coated polystyrene microtiter plates. in a first step antibodies of known specificity are partially blocked by the antigen to be titrated; in a second step the free remaining antibodies are determined by eia. antirabies vaccines, purified virus or rabies glycoprotein were assayed by that micro-method in comparison with the double neutralization test in tissue culture. moreo ... | 1980 | 6988255 |
| in vivo detection of specific cell-mediated immunity in street rabies virus infection in mice. | in street rabies-infected mice, in vivo expression of delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) measured by the footpad test was revealed by challenge with inactivated fixed rabies virus (rv). the use of bcg as an adjuvant cell-mediated immunity (cmi) was necessary for the production of significant dth levels. typical dth kinetics were obtained, with a maximum at 24 h after the challenge. dth was also found to be at highest levels 4 days after infection with street rabies virus. dth could also be reve ... | 1980 | 6988546 |
| rabies update. | | 1980 | 6902069 |