Publications

a rabies vaccine produced in a non-tumorigenic rabbit cell line.	from the trypsinized skin of a rabbit embryo, a fibroblastic cell line has been obtained (fel cells). the primary seed lot has been established at 11th passage. the tests for tumorigenicity on nu/nu mice were negative (10(4) cell/animal) at passage level 11th and 50th. cell growth and morphology were not altered when 100 passages were performed. fel cells were tested for their susceptibility to rabies virus. the production of virus on fel cells was investigated after infection by the p.v. rabies ...	1985	4043531
structural and immunogenic characteristics of rabies immunosomes.	rabies immunosomes are prepared by the anchorage of glycoprotein molecules to preformed liposomes. virosomes are associations of glycoprotein molecules with viral or non viral lipids. virosomes can be obtained spontaneously after removal of the detergent used for lipids solubilization. under the electron microscope immunosomes look like homogenous spherical vesicles (50-60 nm) evenly covered with spikes, although glycoprotein molecule orientation in virosomes is not yet clearly established. in a ...	1985	4043539
[comparative study of cellular and humoral immunity as well as of resistance to the rabies virus in rabies vaccination].	experiments in cba and balb/c mice showed that after vaccination against rabies alongside with humoral immune response there developed a clone of cells sensitized to rabies antigen which, upon a secondary exposure to it, responded by increased blast formation. the immunological memory to the rabies antigen was found to be specific and to persist for up to 100 days (the observation period). immunization of mice with rabies vaccine using various schedules and in combination with interferon inducer ...	1985	4049846
rabies in the united states and canada, 1983.	primarily as a result of organized canine rabies vaccination, leash laws, and other preventive procedures aimed at the canine population, the number of rabid dogs decreased markedly in the last thirty years (figure 10). this decrease was accompanied by a similar marked reduction in human rabies (table 2, figure 11). as domestic animal rabies declined, rabies in wildlife increased. since 1958 the number of cases of rabid wildlife surpassed domestic rabies cases, and today they account for over 85 ...	1985	3932839
antigenic variants of cvs rabies virus with altered glycosylation sites.	the virion-associated glycoprotein of the cvs-11 strain of rabies virus exists in two forms, gi and gii, which differ in their carbohydrate content. the structural relationship between gi and gii is investigated in order to account for the difference in glycosylation. partial sequence analysis and mapping of tryptic glycopeptides isolated from the parent cvs-11 gi and gii glycoprotein forms revealed that two of the three predicted glycosylation sites (at asn-204 and asn-319) were utilized in the ...	1985	3966297
[vaccination against rabies: optimal combination of doses for vaccine injections].		1985	3988776
use of a monoclonal antibody for quantitation of rabies vaccine glycoprotein by enzyme immunoassay.	the use of a monoclonal antibody specific for the envelope glycoprotein of rabies virus has been used in a direct enzyme immunoassay to quantify the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines produced in two kinds of cell culture. the results of this direct enzyme immunoassay are well correlated with the in vivo nih potency test. this test may be a useful tool to rapidly and accurately control the antigenic value of a vaccine. it could also be used for the "in process' control of vaccine production ...	1985	3902842
virulence of chick embryo fibroblast-passaged flury hep rabies virus and its revertants in mice.	chick embryo fibroblast-passaged flury high egg passage (hep) rabies virus failed to kill nude mice or cyclophosphamide-treated mice when inoculated intracerebrally. the virus regained neurovirulence for adult mice after three passages in mouse neuroblastoma c1300 cells (na cells). however, even after 20 passages in na cells, the virulence could not be increased to the level shown by the virus passaged several times in suckling mice. some physiological and biological properties of the virus show ...	1985	3906372
rabies postexposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine: lower neutralizing antibody titers with wyeth vaccine.		1985	3918250
direct immunoperoxidase test in the diagnosis of rabies--an alternative to fluorescent antibody test.	direct immunoperoxidase test was run parallel to fluorescent antibody test using known rabies-positive and negative materials. both the tests had 100.0% sensitivity and specificity when mice brain infected with cvs strain of rabies virus was used. with the field samples and the mice brains infected with these, the sensitivity of direct immunoperoxidase test and also of fluorescent antibody test dropped a little, giving an overall sensitivity of 95.3 and 99.0 percent respectively. the standardiza ...	1985	3902698
production of rabies vaccine by an industrial scale bhk 21 suspension cell culture process.	a process for the production of an inactivated rabies vaccine for animal use is described, whereby the lep flury strain of rabies virus is grown in 1 000 l cultures of bhk 21 suspension-adapted cells. the virus is inactivated with aziridine and, after concentration and purification by hollow fibre ultrafiltration, is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide gel. the bhk 21 suspension-adapted master cell seed used has satisfied all the requirements of the us code of federal regulations, title 9, (1977) f ...	1985	3899780
differences in cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic and apathogenic rabies virus in vivo and in vitro.	pathogenic parental rabies virus and apathogenic variant virus were shown to differ in their ability to infect neurons in vivo and neuroblastoma cells in vitro. after intracerebral inoculation, the distribution of infected neurons in the brain was similar for both viruses, but the rate of spread throughout the brain, the number of infected neurons, and the degree of cellular necrosis were much lower in the case of apathogenic virus. after adsorption to mouse neuroblastoma cells, apathogenic viru ...	1985	3897571
changes recommended in use of human diploid cell rabies vaccine.		1985	3999343
pre-exposure rabies immunization with human diploid cell vaccine: decreased antibody responses in persons immunized in developing countries.	in november 1982, a u.s. peace corps volunteer in kenya completed pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis with a standard 3 dose intradermal (id) series of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). in may 1983, she was bitten by a dog and died of rabies 3 months later. an initial investigation revealed that the patient, as well as 9 of 11 others immunized at the same time, had no rabies antibody titers (less than 1:5). we therefore instituted investigations into the immunogenicity of pre-exposure hdcv b ...	1985	4003672
rhesus diploid rabies vaccine (adsorbed): a new rabies vaccine using frhl-2 cells.	the frhl-2 cell line, a diploid line derived from the lung of a fetal rhesus monkey, was used to prepare a potent rabies vaccine by adapting the kissling strain of rabies virus to frhl-2 cells, growing the virus in quantity, inactivating the virus with beta-propiolactone, and concentrating the virus by adsorption to aluminum phosphate. high levels of antibody to rabies virus, induced by the vaccine in both guinea pigs and humans at 14 days after immunization, were determined to be igg. data from ...	1985	4008986
rabies virus in different segments of brain and spinal cord of naturally and experimentally infected dogs.	in order to determine the presence of rabies virus in different segments of central nervous system (cns) of rabid animals, 31 naturally infected dogs and 6 experimentally injected ones by masseter inoculation were studied by means of fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and mouse intracerebral inoculation (mi) test. in the naturally infected group, the positivity by fa technique was 100.0% for the segments of ammon's horn, cerebellum, bulb and for cervical, lumbar and sacral cord and 96.7%; for t ...	1985	3908355
modulation of immunity to rabies virus induced by anti-idiotypic antibodies.		1985	3910362
a centennial celebration: pasteur and the modern era of immunization.	pasteur's injection of inactivated rabies virus into a 9-year-old child who had been bitten by a rabid dog in 1885 marked the beginning of the modern era of immunization. by 1890, rabies treatment centers had been established throughout the world. the basic pasteur treatment, based on brain tissue vaccine with the addition of formaldehyde, is still used in many countries. in the us and other developed countries, more potent, safer, but expensive cell culture-based rabies vaccines are combined ...	1985	3923322
leads from the mmwr. rabies postexposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine: lower neutralizing antibody titers with wyeth vaccine.		1985	3974025
[pre-exposure rabies vaccination using a new duck embryo vaccine].	an economical, highly purified and concentrated duck embryo rabies vaccine (pdev) was investigated in relation to pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis. the vaccine was injected subcutaneously according to the then prescribed scheme for human diploid cell rabies vaccines (hdcv). additionally, a third dose was given on day 120. serum anti-rabies antibody levels were determined on days 0, 56, 120, und 170. on day 56 all volunteers showed an anti-rabies antibody level of at least 1.0 iu/ml, indicating th ...	1985	4023675
cell-mediated immune response to rabies virus in dogs following vaccination and challenge.	peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) from non-vaccinated dogs and from dogs either vaccinated intramuscularly (im) or subcutaneously (sc) with an inactivated rabies virus vaccine (rabguard-tc, norden laboratories, lincoln, ne) or intramuscularly with an attenuated rabies virus vaccine (endurall-r, norden laboratories, lincoln, ne) were exposed in vitro to rabies virus. blastogenesis of pbl was measured by incorporation of 3h-thymidine into the dna of proliferating cells in the presence of a subopt ...	1985	4024449
rabies virus in salivary glands of raccoons (procyon lotor).		1985	4032628
[human exposure to animal rabies in puerto rico, 1980-1983].		1985	3864449
on the replication and spread of rabies virus in the human central nervous system.	ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the brains of two autopsy cases of human rabies revealed: by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, viral antigens were present in all eosinophilic inclusions detected in formalin fixed paraffin sections. numerous antigenic masses, which apparently corresponded to the matrices and cylindrical particles in neurites revealed by electron microscopy, were present in the neuropil remote from neuronal perikarya. there were virions in the intercellular ...	1985	3882892
in vivo interference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses.	the interference among viruses is a well-documented biological phenomenon, both in animals and tissue culture systems. in two of our previous in vivo experiments and in four independent animal experiments, which are described in this presentation, interferences were successfully used to influence the outcomes of viral diseases by using non-pathogenic viruses. in this study, four pathogenic viruses were studied in their natural hosts, and against these viruses, in different combinations, 15 non-p ...	1985	3868686
amplification of rabies virus-induced stimulation of human t-cell lines and clones by antigen-specific antibodies.	the effect of antigen-specific antibodies on the response of human t-cell lines and clones to rabies virus was studied. plasmas from rabies-immune vaccine recipients, but not those from nonimmune individuals, enhanced the proliferative response of rabies-reactive t cells to whole inactivated virus or to the purified glycoprotein and nucleocapsid from the rabies virion. rabies-immune plasma also increased the antigen-induced production of gamma interferon by the rabies-specific t-cell lines. expe ...	1985	3877176
biochemical analysis of rabies virus proteins in three persistently infected bhk-21 cell lines.	three bhk-21 cell lines persistently infected with the cvs strain of rabies virus were passaged for 2.5 years at 37 degrees c. these cells contained relatively stable amounts of n, m1 and l proteins. comparison of tryptic peptide maps of proteins from persistently infected (pi) cells and from purified virions did not reveal any changes in the n protein, whereas m1 had undergone several modifications. phosphorylation of m1 seemed to be greater in pi cells than in acutely infected cells, whereas p ...	1985	3881557
decreased virulence of recombinant vaccinia virus expression vectors is associated with a thymidine kinase-negative phenotype.	recent advances in molecular genetics have led to the possibility of using large dna viruses, such as vaccinia virus, as a biological delivery system for immunizing man against unrelated disease-causing agents. when live vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), the influenza a virus haemagglutinin, the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 d glycoprotein, the rabies virus g glycoprotein and the vesicular stomatitis virus g glycoprotein were used for immun ...	1985	4058585
[results of using the elisa method in studying tick-borne encephalitis and rabies].	the results of using the indirect variant of elisa for the study of serum samples from humans and white mice for the presence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus and rabies virus are presented. the high sensitivity and specificity of this method have been confirmed.	1985	3885648
nonspecific immunostimulation against viruses.	a trypsinized preparation from chromogenic selected strain of mycobacterium phlei (nsi) stimulated the recipient immune system non-specifically against a variety of viruses viz. rabies virus (rna virus). marek's disease (dna virus) and foot and mouth disease virus (rna virus) in phylogenetically different hosts like mice, chicks and guinea pigs respectively. investigation into mechanisms of such nonspecific immunostimulation revealed that there was induction of strong cell mediated immune respon ...	1985	4064625
effect of concanavalin a on the early events of rabies virus infection of cer cells.	the effect of concanavalin a on rabies virus infection of cer cells was investigated. pretreatment of cer cells with concanavalin a inhibited cellular susceptibility to rabies virus infection. the lectin also was found to be inhibitory when applied after the viral binding step. moreover, the lectin had a direct inhibitory effect on the infectivity of the virion. these lectin-mediated inhibitions could be reversed by alpha-d-methyl-mannopyranoside. these complex effects are discussed with regard ...	1985	4066254
demonstration of rabies viral antigen in paraffin tissue sections: comparison of the immunofluorescence technique with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method.	the immunofluorescence technique and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method were used to demonstrate rabies antigen in a retrospective study on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues from 34 naturally infected wild and domestic animals. rabies was confirmed with immunofluorescent staining on fresh brain tissue at the time of necropsy of the animals. there was a perfect correlation (serial sections from a given brain area were always positive by both methods), but the peroxidase-antiperoxi ...	1985	3882030
duration of immunity afforded to cattle by a binary-ethylenimine inactivated rabies vaccine.		1985	4072487
rabies virus binding at neuromuscular junctions.	morphological, immunocytochemical, biochemical, and immunological techniques have been used to describe rabies virus binding to a sub-cellular unit and molecular complex at the neuromuscular junction (nmj). early after infection in vivo, virus antigen and virus particles were found by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy in regions of high density acetylcholine receptors (achr) at nmjs. one monoclonal antibody (alpha-mab) to the alpha subunit of the achr blocked ...	1985	3890406
[vaccination prophylaxis--a danaid sieve? a colloquium at the pasteur institute (paris) on rabies vaccination then and today].		1985	4076979
[a highly efficient, highly purified duck embryo rabies vaccine].	at the swiss serum and vaccine institute, berne, a highly purified rabies vaccine presenting a high content of effective rabies virus glucoprotein antigen has been developed. the new vaccine is derived from embryonated duck eggs (pdev). immunizations performed according to the post-exposure schedule recommended for potent rabies vaccines by the who (6 injections on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90) already induce protective antibody titers on day 14 (greater than 1 iu/ml). use of the latest radioimmu ...	1985	4089577
pathways of the early propagation of virulent and avirulent rabies strains from the eye to the brain.	penetration of the central nervous system of the adult rat by the cvs strain of rabies virus and its two avirulent derivatives av01 and av02 has been studied by inoculation of the virus into the anterior chamber of the eye. the primary sites of penetration of cvs were (i) the intraocular parasympathetic oculomotor fibers, (ii) the retinopetal fibers of pretectal origin, and (iii) the intraocular fibers of the ophthalmic nerve. the mutant strains, however, lost the capacity to invade the two form ...	1985	3892043
immunoperoxidase cell surface localization of rabies virus antigen in tissue cultures at a low viral multiplicity.		1985	3893349
a rapid quantitative microtest for live, attenuated rabies vaccine.	a rapid fluorescent antigen test (rfat) was developed in microplates to evaluate quantitatively attenuated, live rabies vaccine, era strain, at different stages of vaccine manufacture. this technique is based on the principle of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). several samples of bulk rabies vaccine (era strain) were tested in parallel using the rfat and the mouse lethal dose 50 (m-ld50) test, the method currently used to evaluate vaccine potency. although the two tests were ...	1985	3897234
characteristics of cellular and humoral immune responses after immunization with different rabies vaccines.	three rabies vaccines were compared: 1. the fermi type vaccine, a phenol-treated suspension of brain tissue from infected sheep; 2. a virus grown in sheep brain, purified from the contaminating material to 85-90% and inactivated with beta-propiolactone; 3. and the mniip-74 strain cultured in japanese quail embryo cells and inactivated with beta-propiolactone. a single immunization of mice with any of the preparations resulted in about 50% inhibition of splenocyte migration after 2 days; by day 1 ...	1985	2860797
interferonogenicity of rabies vaccines as related to their therapeutic and prophylactic activities.	non-interferonogenic rabies vaccine prepared from a virus grown in sheep brain and devoid of neuroallergenic factor and an interferonogenic vaccine from the same virus strain cultured in japanese quail embryo cells have been compared. in mouse experiments both preparations appeared to have identical therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy. it seems that interferonogenicity of rabies vaccines cannot be used as a criterion of their prophylactic or therapeutic effects. the effectiveness of exogenous ...	1985	2866692
immunomodulation by bordetella pertussis: antiviral effects.	treatment of mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of pertussis vaccine or lipopolysaccharide extracted from b. pertussis will effect resistance to rabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, and herpes simplex virus. our previous observations indicated that treatment of c3h/hen (+/nu) and bdf1 mice with pertussis vaccine injected i.p. five days prior to a mouse adenovirus lethal dose i.p. challenge elicited resistance to clinical disease and death. susceptibility returned to a ...	1985	2872109
biologically active peptides of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.	a peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 25 amino acids of the mature vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein has recently been shown to be a ph-dependent hemolysin. in the present study, we analyzed smaller constituent peptides and found that the hemolytic domain resides within the six amino-terminal amino acids. synthesis of variant peptides indicates that the amino-terminal lysine can be replaced by another positively charged amino acid (arginine) but that substitution with glutamic acid ...	1985	2981356
human and chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibody-secreting cell lines were isolated after transformation of peripheral blood leukocytes with epstein-barr virus. blood samples were obtained from human donors having circulating antibodies against hepatitis viruses (hab, hbv), rubella, or rabies virus and from a chimpanzee infected with hav. dextran-isolated leukocytes were submitted to epstein-barr virus infection at low cell concentrations (1 x 10(4) cells x ml-1). proliferating clones could be observed in 50-100% of the cul ...	1985	2989374
[monoclonal antibodies in diseases of viral origin].		1985	2996158
effect of amantadine on rhabdovirus infection.	enveloped viruses enter host cells by fusion or viropexis. the latter mechanism is the prevalent entry pathway of rhabdoviruses into susceptible cells. amantadine, a lysosomotropic agent, inhibits the multiplication of various groups of viruses. the effect of this drug was investigated on vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies fixed virus strain replication in fibroblasts. amantadine was added to cells before, during and after infection to detect the phase of viral replication affected by the dru ...	1985	3013559
experimental rabies in hibernator rodents.	experiments carried out in different seasons with different strains of rabies virus have shown that hibernation prolonged the incubation period in sousliks (citellus major pall.). mean survival of the animals infected during the active period was 32 days, while during hibernation it was 147.3 days (p less than 0.05), in some cases up to 251 days. the virus was isolated from and/or detected by fluorescent antibody test in 50% of cases in the brown fat and in some cases in the salivary glands and ...	1985	2859761
[antibody response in patients vaccincated with anti-rabies vaccine vnukovo-32 and hdcv mérieux].		1985	2932229
immunofluorescent staining of trypsinized formalin-fixed brain smears for rabies antigen: results compared with those obtained by standard methods for 221 suspect animal cases in nigeria.	formalin-fixed samples from 221 animal brains received for rabies diagnosis in nigeria were digested in 0.1% trypsin in phosphate buffered saline, ph 7.4, and smears stained for rabies antigen by direct immunofluorescence (if). the results were compared with those obtained using fresh material from the same animals for negri body staining, mouse inoculation (mi) and occasionally immunofluorescent staining. from 191 specimens examined for negri bodies and by mouse inoculation 51 and 64 respective ...	1985	2982942
phosphorylation of the n and m1 proteins of rabies virus.	phosphorylation of rabies virus proteins was followed in vivo and in vitro. the n and m1 proteins were both found to be phosphorylated. the m1 protein was present in the virion in two phosphorylated states, but only the hypophosphorylated form of m1 was found in infected cells. the hypothesis that some of the m1 molecules become hyperphosphorylated during the maturation process by a membrane-bound kinase was examined. the phosphorylation of the viral proteins by the kinase present in purified ra ...	1985	2995564
performance of laboratories in testing for rabies virus--united states.		1985	2984532
the mouse neutralization test in comparison with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test: differences in the results in rabies antibody determinations.	sixteen lots of rabies immune globulin (rig) and six lots of rabies immune horse serum (ris) from different producers were examined for rabies antibody by the standard mouse neutralization test (mnt) and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). an equine rabies standard serum was assayed in parallel. in comparisons of ris with this standard the mnt and rffit gave comparable results. in comparisons of rig the antibody values in the mnt was two to ten times higher than that in the rffi ...	1985	3889002
[laboratory diagnosis in rabies].		1985	3890112
antigenic variants of rabies virus in isolates from eastern, central and northern canada.	street rabies virus isolated from 51 specimens from ontario, quebec, manitoba and the northwest territories have been typed by a panel of 36 antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. three main groups were found. the first group comprised those terrestrial mammals originating in ontario, quebec and the northwest territories. the second group was found in terrestrial mammals from manitoba. the third heterogenous group was made up of bats from ontario.	1985	3893660
rabies encephalitis: immunohistochemical investigations.	three cases of human rabies encephalitis were studied immunohistochemically using a specific antiserum to rabies ribonucleoprotein (rnp) and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. in this way, rnp could be specifically demonstrated in all cerebral regions and the spinal cord with a predilection for virus attack on the diencephalon and the brain stem according to the clinical course of the disease, and possibly reflecting the phenomenon of pathoclisis. virus antigen was mainly present in the nerve ...	1985	3902307
rabies virus binding to cellular membranes measured by enzyme immunoassay.	the binding of rabies virus to cellular membranes was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). virus binding to membranes adsorbed to the wells of microtiter plates was detected with rabies virus antibody and alkaline phosphatase-linked second antibody. the greatest degree of binding was to myotube, neuroblastoma, and salivary gland membranes; intermediate levels occurred in striated muscle and nerve membranes; and low levels of binding were found in other membranes, includin ...	1985	16758601
detection and sequence of plus-strand leader rna of sonchus yellow net virus, a plant rhabdovirus.	tobacco infected with the plant rhabdovirus sonchus yellow net virus (synv) contains short, 139- to 144-nucleotide (nt) transcripts complementary to the 3' terminus of the negative-strand genomic rna. these transcripts are similar to the leader rnas associated with several animal rhabdovirus infections in that they are encoded by the same region of the genome, but the synv transcripts are nearly 3 times longer than the animal rhabdovirus leader rnas. the synv leader rnas differ markedly in seque ...	1986	16593726
porcine rabies in a closed feeder barn.	rabies was diagnosed in a 40 kg pig from a closed feeder barn in which recently unexplained deaths of eight to ten pigs had occurred. a stray cat, probably crawling through a ventilation duct into the barn, was the suspected vector. over a four and one-quarter year period a disproportionate 53 cases of animal rabies had been diagnosed within a 5 km radius of the farm (13% of the cases in the county in 3% of the county area). histological lesions, mostly lymphocytic cuffing of blood vessels in th ...	1986	17422636
major antigenic groups of rabies virus in canada determined by anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies.	a total of 123 rabies virus isolates from various geographical areas in canada were characterized by a panel of 43 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. four major antigenic groups are found in terrestrial mammals: "canadian arctic" from ontario, quebec and the northwest territories; "south-eastern georgian bay" from ontario; "south mid-central skunk" from alberta, saskatchewan and manitoba; and "brook's, alberta skunk" from a restricted area in alberta. bat isolates can be divided into 4 maj ...	1986	3769442
[does rabies return by air to the scandinavian countries?].		1986	3774519
experimental rabies: ultrastructural quantitative analysis of the changes in the sciatic nerve.	to study the pathology of peripheral nerves in experimental rabies infection, street rabies virus ws inoculated into the right footpad of two groups of mice, a and b, which received, respectively, 10(4.5) ld50 and 10(3.5) ld50 of the virus. paralysis was observed in 60% of animals of group a and 20% of group b. the main ultrastructural abnormality present in the sciatic nerves was degeneration of about 40% of myelinated axons. only occasional unmyelinated axons were degenerated. figures were sim ...	1986	3792512
survey of raccoon hunters for rabies antibody titers: pilot study.		1986	3746238
pleomorphism of fine structure of rabies virus in human and experimental brain.	identification of the negri bodies in the brain of an 8-year-old boy who died 8 days after a paralytic illness and 20 days after a dog bite, and who had received 9 injections of semple's anti-rabies vaccine, provided evidence that he died of acute rabies encephalitis and not of post-vaccinal allergic encephalomyelitis. the negri bodies in the human subject and those seen in the inoculated mouse differed in their morphological structure: the former consisted of a matrix of very fine granular mate ...	1986	3760910
cloning of rabies virus matrix protein mrna and determination of its amino acid sequence.	a cdna clone of mrna for rabies virus matrix (m) protein has been identified. the clone hybridizes to an mrna species from rabies virus-infected cells, whose size correlates to the size of the m protein in rabies virions, and selects an mrna that translates into a polypeptide corresponding in size to m protein. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cdna was determined and from this a complete amino acid sequence for m protein was deduced. the deduced sequence of 202 amino acids bears no detectab ...	1986	3765822
rabies in insectivorous bats of western canada, 1979 to 1983.	a total of 1,745, 362, and 536 bats collected in alberta, british columbia, and saskatchewan, respectively, was tested for rabies virus between 1979 and 1983. only one (0.1%) of 769 bats collected at random from buildings was infected with rabies virus in contrast to 95 (5%) of 1,874 symptomatic, rabies-suspect bats submitted for testing. the pattern of infection in the rabies-suspect bats was similar in alberta and saskatchewan, but differed in british columbia. rabies was diagnosed in four spe ...	1986	3735577
oral vaccination of the fox against rabies using a live recombinant vaccinia virus.	rabies, a viral disease affecting all warm-blooded animals, is prevalent in most parts of the world, where it propagates amongst wild animals, particularly the fox and dog. the public health and economic consequences of infection in man and livestock are well known. attempts to control the disease by vaccinating wild carnivores with inactivated or attenuated rabies virus remain controversial, and we have instead evaluated here the potential of a recombinant vaccinia virus to protect foxes agains ...	1986	3736663
[fatal rabies virus infection in humans].		1986	3743444
characterization of rabies virus soluble proteins in mouse brain.		1986	3589202
[specific antibodies and selected immunologic indicators in persons vaccinated under short-program rabies vaccination].		1986	3719643
preparation of & comparison between whole cell & sonicated sheep brain antirabies vaccine.		1986	3781589
membrane carbohydrate requirement for rabies virus binding to chicken embryo related cells.	the involvement of cellular carbohydrates in the interaction of rabies virus with chicken embryo related cell receptors was investigated. two different methodological approaches were employed: specific glycosidases were used to treat the cells before infection, and specific lectins were used to compete with the viral binding. the results indicate the participation of sialic acid, galactose, mannose, and n-acetyl-glucosamine but not fucose in the cellular requirements for rabies virus infection.	1986	3583664
avianized rabies virus infection in mice.		1986	3761776
[long-term persistence of the rabies virus at inoculation sites in an experiment on hibernating rodents].		1986	3765572
binding of rabies virus to purified torpedo acetylcholine receptor.	the binding of 125i- and 35s-labeled rabies virus (cvs strain) to affinity-purified acetylcholine receptor from torpedo electric organ was demonstrated. the binding of rabies virus to the acetylcholine receptor increased with increasing receptor concentration, was dependent on the ph of the incubation medium, and was saturable with increasing virus concentration. binding of radioactively labeled virus was effectively competed by unlabeled homologous virus particles. binding of 35s-labeled rabies ...	1986	3828757
anti-rabies virus igm in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from rabid dogs.	an anti-rabies igm antibody capture radio immunoassay was used to test serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 37 dogs held in quarantine for suspicion of rabies. rabies was confirmed in dogs that died by mouse inoculation and subsequent examination of mouse brains by fluorescent antibody technique to detect rabies antigen. the mean counts per minute (cpm) of iodinated anti-rabies gamma globulin coupled igm rabies antibody in csf and serum from rabid dogs were significantly higher than in csf and ser ...	1986	3576284
[adaptation of strains of the rabies virus flury lep and hep to primary culture of fibroblasts of the embryo of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].		1986	3561096
oral immunization and protection of raccoons (procyon lotor) with a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine.	animal rabies control has been frustrated by the existence of multiple wildlife reservoirs and the lack of efficacious oral vaccines. in this investigation, raccoons fed a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus in a sponge bait developed rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (0.6-54.0 units) and resisted street rabies virus infection 28 and 205 days after feeding. additional raccoons immunized by oral infusion with attenuated antigenic variants of rabies virus strains cvs-11 and era failed ...	1986	3464010
further studies on an improved haemagglutination inhibition test with higher sensitivity for rabies virus antibody.	the efficiency of the removal of non-specific inhibitors of rabies virus haemagglutinin by treatment with colloidal silicic acid, which was proposed in an earlier study, was examined in a number of test samples. the non-specific inhibitors were removed in 289 out of 296 normal human sera (97.6%) by this treatment to a level that was undetectable at the 1:4 starting dilution in the haemagglutination inhibition test. antigenic differences among three strains of rabies virus were detected in the ha ...	1986	3488135
stimulation of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses by rabies virus glycoprotein and identification of an immunodominant domain.	the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response to rabies virus glycoprotein has been studied. a primary in vivo ctl response was obtained following inoculation of a/j mice with 10 micrograms of glycoprotein, but only when in the form of reconstituted glycoprotein-lipid vesicles. these glycoprotein-lipid vesicles were prepared with lipids from bhk-21 cells, and did not incorporate mouse major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. secondary in vitro stimulation of rabies virus-specific ctl was obt ...	1986	3491953
[in vivo study of the protective action of the splenocytes from cba strain mice immunized with an inactivated nonconcentrated rabies vaccine].	an inactivated unconcentrated rabies vaccine was demonstrated to induce the production of t-killers which in adoptive transfer protect 38-43% of recipients challenged intramuscularly with street rabies virus. the production of t-killers depends on the dose and schedule of the antigen inoculation. t-killers in vivo were strictly specific and manifested their protective effect only in syngeneic but not in allogeneic system.	1986	3493590
infection of cultured rat myotubes and neurons from the spinal cord by rabies virus.	rabies virus multiplication was investigated in cultured primary rat myotubes and neurons. the susceptibility of these two cell types to fixed rabies challenge virus strain (cvs) was monitored by fluorescence and virus titration. differentiated rat myotubes were susceptible to rabies virus infection, and showed an increasing accumulation of viral material from day one to day four. however, these cells did not release infective viral particles, nor did they accumulate infectious virions in the cy ...	1986	3510273
antibody response to preexposure human diploid-cell rabies vaccine given concurrently with chloroquine.	we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the antibody response of freshman veterinary students to intradermal human diploid-cell rabies vaccine administered concurrently with chloroquine, a drug frequently used for chemoprophylaxis against malaria. fifty-one students who had not been vaccinated against rabies were enrolled: 26 received 300 mg of chloroquine base per week (the recommended dose for malaria prophylaxis); 25 did not receive chloroquine and served as controls. all subje ...	1986	3510393
[use of the capture antibody method for the detection of the presence of igm in the sera of persons immunized against rabies].		1986	3531742
[usefulness of the indirect immunofluorescence method in the serological diagnosis of rabies].		1986	3531743
[detection of rabies virus antibodies in human blood serum by an immunoenzyme method].	in a coded experiment on rabies virus antibody detection in the blood sera of humans immunized with rabies vaccines, coincidence of the results of indirect elisa, neutralization test and radial hemolysis test (rht) was observed in 83% and 90% of the cases. the correlation coefficient of antibody titres in elisa and nt was r = +0.75, elisa and rht r = +0.81. instances of discrepancy of the results were observed with sera of low titres, no more than 1:50 by neutralization test.	1986	3532544
the early kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response after booster immunizations with human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	persons immunized in developing countries were recently shown to have low titers after pre-exposure immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). an investigation into the response to hdcv boosters was conducted to determine if immunologic sensitization had occurred and if there was a response difference in persons immunized in and outside of the united states. intramuscular (im) booster doses of vaccine were administered to 113 persons previously immunized outside the united state ...	1986	3706630
an effective economical intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies vaccination for post-exposure treatment.	a closely-spaced multisite intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) was evaluated in 39 patients after low-risk exposure to rabies, in comparison to full-dose intramuscular hdcv and sheep brain-derived rabies (semple) vaccine. the regimen consisted of four intradermal injections, 0.1 ml each of hdcv on days 0, 3 and 7, followed by two booster doses of only 0.1 ml each on days 28 and 91 administered intradermally. although the total amount of hdcv used in this intradermal r ...	1986	3708902
[serologic studies of rabies vaccination in dogs in switzerland].		1986	3715447
immune responses of mice to inactivated rabies vaccine administered orally: potentiation by quillaja saponin.	administered orally, quillaja saponin markedly potentiated the humoral immune responses of mice fed inactivated rabies vaccine, and significantly increased their resistance to subsequent intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. although mean serum neutralizing antibody titres were generally 8- to 16-fold higher when vaccine was given intraperitoneally, orally administered vaccine, with saponin, stimulated production of high protective antibody levels that were maintained for at least 6 mo ...	1986	3719460
experimentally induced rabies in four cats inoculated with a rabies virus isolated from a bat.	four cats were inoculated im with rabies virus isolated from the salivary gland of a naturally infected big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus). the 4 cats developed clinical signs of rabies after a median incubation period of 42 days. the median duration of clinical illness was 5 days. results of fluorescent antibody evaluation, mouse inoculation, and tissue culture isolation indicated large differences in virus concentrations in various areas of the cns of individual cats. these differences also were ...	1986	3516030
stability of immunofluorescence reactions produced by polyclonal and monoclonal antibody conjugates for rabies virus.	we investigated two consumer complaints that described fading of immunofluorescence reactions associated with the use of a commercial antirabies, fluorescein-labeled, monoclonal antibody conjugate. we compared the performance of this product with that of two polyclonal antibody antirabies conjugates and observed significant diminution of fluorescence with the monoclonal antibody conjugate only. furthermore, the fading occurred only on tissue impressions that had been mounted but not exposed to u ...	1986	3528216
the influence of the type of immunosorbent on rabies antibody eia; advantages of purified glycoprotein over whole virus.	two types of in vitro assay (enzyme immunoassay and sero-neutralization test) for the titration of rabies antibodies were used to assay sera from mice and humans immunized with cell culture vaccines or neural tissue vaccines. enzyme immunoassays (eia) were performed in plates sensitized with whole virus, purified glycoprotein or purified nucleocapsid. neutralizing antibody titres were determined by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (refit) and by an in vitro seroneutralization test inc ...	1986	3531213
a rapid rabies enzyme immuno-diagnosis (rreid): a useful and simple technique for the routine diagnosis of rabies.	a rapid rabies enzyme immuno-diagnosis (rreid) technique has been developed. this technique for the diagnosis of rabies was performed in microplates which had been previously sensitized with igg to purified antinucleocapsids. suspensions of homogenized material were incubated in the plate and the specific binding of rabies antigen was revealed by the use of the same igg conjugated with peroxidase. with the rreid technique it was possible to detect rabies antigens in brain specimens with the same ...	1986	3531215
combined tetanus-rabies vaccination.	studies in mice have shown that calcium phosphate adsorbed tetanus toxoid (ipadt) can be used as a vehicle for freezedried rabies vaccine. trials were undertaken in human volunteers and patients receiving a post-exposure treatment using the same vaccines to evaluate tolerance and antibody response to both vaccines.	1986	3556772
[production of monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus].		1986	3275401
genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice.	quantitative differences in serum neutralizing-antibody (snab) responses to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection between two inbred mice strains, c3h/j and c57bl/6j, were shown to be under genetic control. a 99% confidence limit calculated from the snab response titers of 14 c57bl/6j mice resulted in an upper limit for the snab response titer of c57bl/6j mice at 50.63. a snab titer less than or equal to 50.63 in response to rabies vaccination was assigned the phenot ...	1986	3086569
walking along the rabies genome: is the large g-l intergenic region a remnant gene?	rabies cdna clones, obtained by "walking along the genome" using two successive dna primers, have allowed the sequence determination of the genes encoding the n, m1, m2, g, and the beginning of the l protein as well as the rabies intergenic regions. start and stop transcription signals located at the border of each gene encoding a protein have been identified and are similar to the corresponding signals from vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sendai virus. except for limited stretches of the n ...	1986	3459163
evidence of canine distemper virus infection in skunks negative for antibody against rabies virus.	between january 1981 and october 1985, brain tissue specimens from 192 skunks that were negative for antibodies against rabies virus were obtained from 2 illinois public health laboratories (a and b). brain lesions were detected microscopically in specimens from 17 of the 91 (18.7%) skunks from laboratory b and in specimens from 30 of the 101 (29.7%) skunks from laboratory a. lesions in 3 skunks (1 from laboratory a, 2 from b) were caused by cerebral parasitism. lesions in the remaining 44 skunk ...	1986	3505934
rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the united states, 1971-1984: increased cases in the woodchuck (marmota monax) in mid-atlantic states.	a review of surveillance data on animal rabies from the centers for disease control revealed 104 cases of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs for 1971 through 1984 in the united states; 80% of these were reported between 1980 and 1984. woodchucks (marmota monax) accounted for 64% of the cases. most of the cases of rabies in woodchucks were associated with an epizootic of rabies in raccoons (procyon lotor) in the mid-atlantic states. in rabies endemic areas, humans exposed to woodchucks should recei ...	1986	3520029
absence of prenatal infection of bats with rabies virus.		1986	3520031