Publications

rabies virus tropism in naturally infected skunks (mephitis mephitis).		1981	7041707
rabies in a litter of skunks predicted and diagnosed by skin biopsy.	four juvenile skunks were vaccinated against rabies, descented, and then placed in 4 different households. an illness subsequently developed in 3 of the skunks that was confirmed as rabies, by examination of biopsy specimens of muzzle skin using immunofluorescence microscopy. in 1 clinically normal skunk, the skin was found to be test-positive, predicting that rabies would develop; the signs of rabies became evident in 48 hours. the infection was considered to be field acquired rather than vacci ...	1981	7042667
[electron microscopic study of cell cultures chronically infected with fixed rabies virus].	hep-2 and vero cell cultures chronically infected with rabies virus were examined electron microscopically. in the cytoplasm and intercellular spaces of these cultures structures were found morphologically similar to virus particles previously described in cells acutely infected with rabies virus. the observed virus particles were elongated, oval or spherical in shape. their inner structure appeared as homogeneous material of varying optic density surrounded with a 3-layer membrane. changes in t ...	1981	7269529
cellular tests for assessing the immunogenicity of rabies vaccines.		1981	7053012
presence of specific antigens in neuronal cells infected with fixed and street rabies virus strains.	the presence of rabies specific antigens is investigated after infection with different rabies virus strains in neural cell lines and in the central nervous system of laboratory rodents. in fixed rabies infected cells, the rabies glycoprotein is found to be present 48 h after infection, whereas in hamsters this protein was found 5 days after an intracerebral inoculation. in contrast, rabies glycoprotein was not detectable in any of the street rabies-infected cell system by the fluorescent antibo ...	1981	7036643
acute rabies death mediated by antibody.	among inadequately immunized laboratory animals dying of rabies, a small but consistent proportion succumb after an incubation period shorter than that of any of the unvaccinated controls and this phenomenon has been termed 'early death'. it has also been shown that, after immunosuppression either with cyclophosphamide or by thymectomy and irradiation, rabies-infected animals survive longer with decreased incidence of paralysis. it appears that 'early death' also occurs in humans who have been t ...	1981	6971412
recovery from experimental rabies by adoptive transfer of immune cells.	the transient, sublethal infection produced by intracerebral inoculation of the flury high egg passage (hep) strain of rabies virus into adult mice was converted into a lethal one (approx. 80 to 100% mortality) by administering 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (cy) 2 days after infection. immunosuppressed, infected animals showed no immunological response to rabies and died 15 to 20 days after infection. however, mortality was reduced to 12% when suppressed mice were adoptively immunized, 4 days after ...	1981	6975354
[current status of the rabies problem].		1981	7027662
entry of rabies virus into the peripheral nerves of mice.	young adult mice were inoculated in the hind limb with rabies virus or sindbis virus. rabies 1820b virus antigen was detected in leg sections by immuno-fluorescence at 1 h post-inoculation at sites comparable in form and distribution to cholinesterase-positive sites, which represent motor end-plates (meps). sites which were rabies virus antigen-positive by immunofluorescence were also cholinesterase- positive on double-stained slides. rabies cvs virus detected by autoradiography was similarly di ...	1981	7031182
enteric inoculation with era rabies virus: evaluation of a candidate wildlife vaccine in laboratory rodents.	a series of experiments on the safety and efficacy of enteric vaccination was carried out in laboratory rodents using the era strain of rabies virus both live and inactivated. in the first and second experiments in white norway rats, several methods of inoculation were compared for the development of rabies neutralizing antibody. in later experiments, the potential for disease transmission through salivary excretion of era strain, or through scavenging, or cannibalism were evaluated. enteric ino ...	1981	7016079
[examination of various conjugates for their convenience in rabies diagnostics by immuno-fluorescence (author's transl)].		1981	7016495
an ultrastructural and immunofluorescent study of rabies virus in tissue culture for antiviral drug evaluation.	with the purpose of establishing a model for antiviral drug evaluation the era and v319 rabies fixed virus strains were studied in tissue cultures, for studies of the rabies virus cycle. viral incubation was made using a low viral input multiplicity and allowing substances that may alter, cell or virus morphology. immunofluorescence and electron microscopy studies were carried out for quantitative evaluation of structures involved in rabies virus replication after a 24 hours incubation period. t ...	1981	7023412
[in vitro seroneutralization of rabies virus in leighton tubes, evaluated by immunofluorescence inhibition].		1981	7024687
rabies virus titer from tissues of naturally infected skunks (mephitis mephitis).	rabies virus was titrated from the hippocampus and salivary glands (mandibular, parotid, and sublingual) of 19 naturally infected skunks. selection of the skunks was based on a positive fluorescent antibody test (fat) on the hippocampus. one fat- and virus isolation-negative skunk served as a control. the fat was positive on 19 mandibular salivary glands, 16 parotid glands, and 17 sublingual glands. rabies virus was subsequently isolated in albino swiss mice from all (ie, 19) hippocampi and mand ...	1981	7034605
the antibody-binding-test, a useful method for quantitative determination of inactivated rabies virus antigen.		1981	7012157
comparison between a modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detection of antibodies to rabies virus in human sera.	the correlation between the modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detecting rabies virus antibodies in human sera was studied, using as a reference the standard mouse neutralization test. higher sensitivity was observed with the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique than with the indirect fluorescent-antibody method. the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test provides a practical quantitative alternative to the indirect fluorescent-antibody method.	1981	7026611
[igm and igg antibody formation against rabies virus after post-infection immunization].		1981	6780892
[inhibition of the process of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced dna break repair in chronically virus-infected human cells].	inhibition of dna resynthesis after treatment of cell culture with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide was found to be due not to the induction of virus mutants repressing this system but to the selection in the cell population of cells predominantly with partially or completely defective system of reparation, or to the development of cellular reparative system because of the presence of viruses in the cell. in chronic infection of hep-2 cells with tick-borne encephalitis, rubella, and rabies viruses the s ...	1981	6789556
[pathogenesis of experimental rabies infection in foxes and cats infected with viruses isolated from hamsters (cricetus cricetus)].	all the infected foxes (9) contracted the disease and died from rabies the 20th-21st day from infection with the virus isolated from hamster. out of the total number of 9 cats experimentally infected by intramuscular infection, seven showed symptoms of clinical disease on the 18th-34th day from infection. the infected dogs, wolves and rabbits did not show clinical disease. in the post mortem examination of eight foxes the rabies virus or rabies antigen was detected in all parts of the cns and in ...	1981	6791357
[distribution of rabies antigen in the central nervous system of rats and mice experimentally infected with rabies strains isolated from hamsters (cricetus cricetus)].	the comparative experiments were carried out to study the distribution of the rabies antigen in the central nervous system (cns) of sewer-rats and mice experimentally infected with three "hamster" strains (for comparison also with "fox" strain 1151); it was found out that with microscopical observation of preparations stained by the method of direct immunofluorescence the "hamster" strains produced a blended picture of fluorescing particles characteristic of strains with a reduced virulence and ...	1981	6791359
production of spikeless particles of the rabies virus under conditions of low ph.		1981	7008336
[immunization of calves with a rabies vaccine from suckling mouse brain].	this paper summarizes the results obtained in a study on the duration of immunity in calves immunized with suckling mouse brain (smb) rabies vaccine, supplemented with aluminum hydroxide. rabies circulating antibodies were detected ten days after vaccination in 100% of the 31 vaccinated calves. they began to decrease 90 days after immunization. of the 15 calves challenged one year postimmunization, 5 (33%) had no detectable antibodies at serum dilution 1:5, but all were protected against the cha ...	1981	6765751
structure of the glycoprotein gene in rabies virus.		1981	6272128
rabies virus decreases agonist binding to opiate receptors of mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cells 108-cc-15.		1981	6272776
essential role of t cells in the postexposure prophylaxis of rabies in mice.	athymic nude mice injected intramuscularly with a street stain of rabies virus were not protected against rabies by postexposure administration of beta-propiolactone-inactivated rabies vaccine. in contrast, their normal littermates were completely protected from death by the same vaccination regimens. nude mice did not produce igg antibody as a result of the vaccine during the test period of 15 days, whereas normal littermates produced igg antibody from day 5 after vaccination. however, passive ...	1981	6171709
immunofluorescent staining of rabies virus antigen in formalin-fixed tissue after treatment with trypsin.	formalin-fixed central nervous system tissue from clinically rabid animals was treated with 0.25% trypsin and tested for the presence of rabies virus antigen by direct immunofluorescent (if) staining. the results were comparable with those obtained from direct if staining of acetone-fixed standard smears or fresh frozen-cut sections. experiments were conducted using coded brain specimens (classified as if-negative, weakly positive, or strongly positive) and showed a specificity of 100% for secti ...	1981	6172212
[prevention of inter-human rabies transmission after corneal graft].	transplantation, to a normal recipient, of a cornea taken from a donor who died of rabies encephalitis constitutes an extremely serious exposure. four cases, up to now are known of human to human transmission of rabies virus. in these four cases, the diagnosis of rabies in the donor has been made afterwards when to the recipient developed fatal rabies. we report here the first case of this type of exposure where the diagnosis of rabies in the donor could be made on the day following the transpla ...	1981	6175385
time dependent decreases of maternal canine virus antibodies in newborn pups.	levels of passively transferred maternal antibodies to three canine viruses, rabies virus (rv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and infectious canine hepatitis (ich) virus, in serum specimens from 14 fetal pups and in serial serum specimens collected up to 45 days after whelping from 14 neonate pups were compared with levels of antibodies to these viruses in milk and sera collected concurrently from their respective dams. radioimmunoassays using rv-, cdv- and ich virus-specific antigens showed that ...	1981	6262993
interference induced in gl-v3 monkey kidney cells by rabies virus strains.	resistance to superinfection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) occurred in gl-v3 monkey kidney cells infected with the cvs-11, pitman moore, lep flury, but not the era strain of rabies virus. specific immunofluorescent staining of intracellular rabies antigen showed that the number and size of fluorescent foci increased after the onset of interference, and that this was paralleled by increasing yields of infectious virus. although cvs-11 and era differed in their ability to induce interferen ...	1981	6267182
lagos bat virus in south africa.		1981	6111687
rabies: a little antibody a dangerous thing?		1981	6112418
rabies virus and laboratory regulations.		1981	6113412
freeing rabies virus of the neuroallergenic factor from brain tissue.	a method of fixed rabies virus purification from infected sheep brains was proposed. it consisted of suspending the brain tissue in phosphate-buffered hypertonic (0.3 m) nacl solution, shaking at 37 degrees c and low speed centrifugation at the same temperature. from 65 to 85% ballast proteins were removed, the neuroallergenic activity of the material was lost, but practically no losses of the virus occurred.	1981	6115564
separation of two street rabies virus strain populations into two biological variants.		1981	6115568
multisite intradermal antirabies vaccination. immune responses in man and protection of rabbits against death from street virus by postexposure administration of human diploid-cell-strain rabies vaccine.	lymphocyte transformation, production of neutralising antibody, and the development of antirabies igg antibody were studied in ten healthy volunteers in response to 0.8 ml of human diploid-cell strain (hdcs) rabies vaccine administered on one occasion in divided doses in 8 intradermal (i.d.) sites. all ten volunteers rapidly developed substantial titres of rabies antibody, and eight of the ten had t lymphocytes that were immunologically stimulated by hdcs rabies-virus antigen. postexposure treat ...	1981	6117693
properties of rabies vaccine freed of neuroallergenic factor from brain tissue.	fixed rabies virus in the form of infected sheep brain suspension was freed from approx. 80% of ballast proteins, inactivated by beta-propiolactone and lyophilized. the vaccine thus obtained was devoid of neuroallergenicity when tested on guinea pigs and was highly antigenic and immunogenic. the vaccine caused no generalized reactions in volunteers; local reactions were weak and of short duration. antibody formation was intensive in all volunteers.	1981	6118049
mouse model for abortive rabies infection of the central nervous system.	when adult mice were injected by the footpad route with the attenuated rabies virus era/bhk, serum- and brain-associated antibody and interferon were produced, nonspecific cytotoxic cells and virus-specific cytolytic t cells in the spleen were activated, and a nonlethal infection of the central nervous system occurred. cyclophosphamide treatment of these animals 1 day after virus infection suppressed antibody formation and induction of cytolytic t cells and resulted in a lethal infection. virus ...	1981	6163717
purification and concentration of rabies virus by chromatography on chemically modified porous silicates.	tissue culture rabies virus was purified by gel chromatography on chemically modified macroporous glasses (mpg). modification of the mpg surface by egg or human albumin prevented rabies virions from interaction with the glass surface so that all purified virus was eluted from the column. chemically modified mpg could be used on a preparative scale for the purification of both infectious and inactivated rabies virus, the immunogenicity of the latter having been preserved. protein content of the p ...	1981	6116414
rabies virus and laboratory regulations.		1981	6114274
rabies virus and laboratory regulations.		1981	6114354
commercial antirabies vaccine used as antigen in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.		1982	6124116
human rabies after late administration of human diploid cell vaccine without hyperimmune serum.		1982	6126724
viraemia in rabies.		1982	6127940
[chemotherapy of rabies virus in tissue culture].		1982	6186562
[introduction to the study of antigenic variants of rabies virus].		1982	6181930
[antigenic variants of rabies virus in france. monoclonal antibodies].	one hundred and sixteen rabies field isolates from france were studied with monoclonal antibodies for analysis of their nucleocapside antigenic characteristics (by direct or indirect immunofluorescence) or glycoprotein determinants (by neutralization in mice). these studies verified that nucleocapside antigens had only two variants, apparently uncorrelated to animal species or geographic areas. glycoprotein antigens had also variants which could explain partial defection in cross protection obse ...	1982	6181931
pseudorabies virus infection in raccoons: a review.	pseudorabies is a rarely reported disease of raccoons. laboratory and field evidence of prv infection suggests the raccoon is a "dead end" host with little opportunity for raccoon-to-raccoon spread of virus. all reported field cases have been associated closely with infected swine and swine have been considered the source of the raccoon infection. the clinical signs of prv in raccoons closely resembles those of canine distemper and rabies virus infections. infection with the latter viruses are c ...	1982	6285008
homology between the glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus.	we compared the predicted amino acid sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus glycoproteins by using a computer program which provides an optimal alignment and a statistical significance for the match. highly significant homology between these two proteins was detected, including identical positioning of one glycosylation site. a significant homology between the predicted amino acid sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus matrix proteins was also found.	1982	6287013
monoclonal antibodies study on rabies virus antigens in thailand.		1982	6183386
antigenic structure of rabies virus glycoprotein: ordering and immunological characterization of the large cnbr cleavage fragments.	after rabies virus glycoprotein was treated with cnbr, the peptide mixture was fractionated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. cnbr-cleaved peptide fragments were resolved into seven peptide bands under reducing conditions and six peptide bands under nonreducing conditions. the isolated nonreduced polypeptides were further analyzed by electrophoresis under reducing conditions. the n-terminal amino acid sequences were determined for the peptides in each of t ...	1982	6183450
the use of monoclonal antibodies in virology.		1982	6177742
[interferon and antirabies vaccination].		1982	6180483
frequency analysis of cytolytic t cell precursors (ctl-p) generated in vivo during lethal rabies infection of mice. i. distinction of ctl-p with different interleukin 2 sensitivity.	the aim of this study was to determine the number and state of activity of cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) and their precursors (ctl-p) present in vivo during the early stages of viral infection. the local response to lethal infection with rabies virus was used as a model system that is not accessible to analysis by secondary activation in vitro. the local response to alloantigen served as a control. experimental protocols were established that allow frequency estimates of in vivo antigen-triggere ...	1982	6180904
molecular basis of rabies virus virulence. i. selection of avirulent mutants of the cvs strain with anti-g monoclonal antibodies.		1982	6181189
antigenic variants of rabies virus.	monoclonal antibodies directed either against the nucleocapsid or the glycoprotein of rabies virus were reacted by indirect immunofluorescence and mouse neutralization tests with vaccine strains and rabies field isolates of various origin. major antigenic determinants allow the grouping of viruses and minor ones the differentiation of virus strains. a protection study showed the existence in nature of certain antigenic variants against which conventional vaccines do not fully protect. the isolat ...	1982	6181927
[antigenic variants among street rabies virus isolates from france, africa, madagascar and asia. preliminary results with antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies].	a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid antigens of rabies virus allowed a rapid characterization of isolates by an indirect immunofluorescence test on brain smears of infected animals. analysis of 77 isolates (71 from animals and 6 from humans) showed a great diversity. isolates from different areas showed different patterns of reactivity. no relation was found between animal species and antigenic patterns specificity.	1982	6181928
antigenic variants of rabies virus.	the authors studied nineteen street virus isolates from different regions of canada using either anti-nucleocapsid and anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies or cross-protection tests. this study only allowed us to recognize three groups of viruses with different nucleocapsid patterns, and no difference, as far as protection with a pitmann-moore vaccine is concerned, between four of these strains.	1982	6181929
analysis of viral and defective-interfering nucleocapsids in acute and persistent infection by rhabdoviruses.	we have isolated and characterized the rna of intracellular virus nucleocapsids recovered from a number of cell cultures persistently infected with rabies virus or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). vsv persistent infections in bhk21, l cells and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells generally showed the presence of large amounts of defective-interfering (di) nucleocapsid rna and much smaller amounts of standard (b) nucleocapsid rna. persistent infections of bhk21 cells by two rabies virus strains, c ...	1982	6284869
cellular response to rabies virus infection.	the effects of rabies virus on host cells were studied and compared to those obtained with another rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus [j. virol. 34, 777-781 (1980)]. we show here: (1) that rabies infection has no effect on cell morphology, while infection with vesicular stomatitis virus caused cell retraction. thus, only vesicular stomatitis virus induced a depolymerization of the microfilaments; and (2) that microtubules and microfilaments do not play a major role in rabies virus productio ...	1982	6290135
[rabies vaccine in czechoslovakia. i. hempt's vaccine and its modification].		1982	6215991
[protective action of undegraded and s-sulfonated 7s antibodies in 4 different experimental virus infections].		1982	6293456
ph-dependent hemolysis and cell fusion of rhabdoviruses.	human erythrocytes pretreated with fungal semialkali protease or trypsin became susceptible to hemagglutination by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus. both viruses exhibited extensive hemolytic and fusion activities against erythrocytes pretreated with these enzymes. the hemolysis and fusion were ph dependent and the activities were most apparent at ph 5.0 and decreased with increase in ph. however, vsv still exhibited slight hemolytic activity at neutral ph. hemolysis was also de ...	1982	6300613
[recent data on early interaction between rhabdovirus and the cell].		1982	6316285
[aspects of molecular biology of the rabies virus].		1982	6295294
small wild rodents rabies in czechoslovakia.	during a period of 1969-1979 a total of 3174 small wild rodents of the genus muridae and microtinae (predominantly microtus arvalis) were examined. the animals were trapped in five localities differing both in type of ecological conditions and epizootologic situation. fox-rabies occurred here either enzootically, or epizootologically, or had been completely absent for many years in one of the localities investigated. of the 71 isolated strains of rv 18 strains were isolated from brain, 25 from b ...	1982	6749977
oral immunization of foxes against rabies. laboratory and field studies.	a short description is given of the laboratory experience gained in oral immunization of foxes against rabies, and its application in a limited field trial in switzerland with an attempt to control two outbreaks of fox rabies.	1982	6751678
the dissemination of rabies virus into cranial nerves and other tissues of experimentally infected goats and dogs and naturally infected skunks.	immunofluorescence examination for rabies virus antigen performed on skin specimens acquired from experimentally inoculated rabid goats and some dogs, often show little or not fluorescence. this observation is contrary to results obtained by comparable examination of the skin of naturally infected animals and most experimentally infected dogs. in an effort to elucidate some factors associated with this experience, an experiment was performed to similarly examine the cranial nerves to see if the ...	1982	6757169
rabies-related viruses.	five viruses related to rabies occur in africa. two of these, obodhiang from sudan and kotonkan from nigeria, were found in insects and are only distantly related to rabies virus. the other three are antigenically more closely related to rabies. mokola virus was isolated from shrews in nigeria, lagos bat virus from fruit bats in nigeria, and duvenhage virus from brain of a man bitten by a bat in south africa. the public health significance of the rabies-related viruses was emphasized in zimbabwe ...	1982	6758373
[study of antigenic characteristics of strains of rabies virus in tunisia using monoclonal antibodies].		1982	6758715
[immunoenzymatic titration of glycoprotein, an in vitro technic for evaluation of the activity of antirabies vaccines].		1982	6759507
cytotoxicity reactions against target cells infected with rabies virus.	some aspects of the cytotoxicity reactions were studied in the rabies system. the antibody-dependent complement cytotoxicity (adc), the cellular cytotoxicity (cc), and the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) are shown, being the cytotoxic effect as evidenced by the 51cr released from the cells infected with the pasteur strain of rabies virus. some parameters such as time of cellular infection, the amount of infected cells, the concentration of complement, and the incubation time of t ...	1982	6759519
chiropteran rabies in minnesota: 1976-1980.		1982	6759693
[indirect immunofluorescence microtest in the determination of antirabies antibodies].	the a.a. describe an indirect fluorescent antibody microtest for the rapid detection and titration of antirabies antibodies. slides containing rabies antigen were prepared by planting 50% infected cells onto multiwelled teflon-coated slides. following fixation, slides were stored at -20 degrees c until used. the indirect fluorescent antibody microtest was compared to the rffit in titration of sera containing rabies antibodies. the test was found to be rapid, easy and reliable.	1982	6765380
thermostability of the rabies virion. optical density measurement technique applications.	the thermal degradation of rabies virus was determined by the variation in optical density at 260 nm during temperature rise. this variation, linked to denaturation of rna, was seen by an irreversible sigmoidal curve. analysis of the state of the virion by ultracentrifugation did not show any alteration in sedimentation. electron microscopy revealed a release of nucleic acid of the virions which were burst to a greater or lesser degree. the technical conditions of these measurements--speed of te ...	1982	6813020
[particularities of the morphogenesis of the rabies virus and of its morphology observed during routine culture controls through the electron microscope].	whilst practising routine controls with an electron microscope on nil 2 cell cultures infected by the rabies virus, the occasion arose to reveal certain features of the morphogenesis of this virus and the particular action of glutaraldehyde which alters the aspect of the rabies virus. during the cultures, we witnessed, in succession, the production of morphologically normal virions, then progressively degraded virions whilst the cells recover and develop towards a chronic infection state. glutar ...	1982	6813021
inactivation of rabies virus in reagents used for the fluorescent rabies antibody test.	procedures for inactivating rabies virus in reagents used for the fluorescent rabies antibody test are described. mouse brain adsorbing suspensions containing greater than or equal to 10(9) 50% lethal doses of virus per ml were rendered noninfectious by treatment with 0.1% beta-propiolactone or by heating at 56 degrees for greater than or equal to 30 min. viable virus in tissue impression smears was inactivated by acetone fixation at 50 degrees c for greater than or equal to 30 min or by immersi ...	1982	6749889
rabies treatment with vaccine of the fuenzalida-palacios type.		1982	7074254
scanning and freeze-fracture electron microscopy of rabies virus infection in murine neuroblastoma cells.	a persistent infection of cvs strain of rabies virus was established in murine neuroblastoma cells, c-1300, by a serial passage of the cells infected with a low input multiplicity. little cytopathic effects were seen in the infected cultures and the cell growth was not interfered, although 90-100% of the cells were bearing intracytoplasmic inclusions and the infectious virus was constantly recovered from the supernatant. scanning electron microscopy disclosed preferential budding of the virus fr ...	1982	7128058
excretion of rabies virus in the saliva of dogs.	thirty-nine dogs were injected intramuscularly with either an ethiopian strain or a mexican strain of rabies virus. the excretion of rabies virus in the saliva was studied before and during illness. nine of 17 dogs that died after injection with the ethiopian strain had virus in the submaxillary glands. four of these dogs excreted virus in the saliva up to 13 days before signs of disease were observed. sixteen of 22 dogs that died after injection with the mexican strain had virus in the submaxil ...	1982	7077094
antibody responses to human diploid cell vaccine for rabies with and without human rabies immune globulin.	one hundred one volunteers with no exposure to rabies were given human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) for rabies with or without 20 international units of human rabies immune globulin (hrig)/kg of body weight to evaluate schedules for therapy with hdcv and hrig after exposure. all of the volunteers who received three or more doses of hdcv alone or four or more doses of hdcv with hrig developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies by day 35, which persisted for at least 60 days. by day 7, of the 6 ...	1982	7077095
intradermal immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine. serological and clinical responses of persons with and without prior vaccination with duck embryo vaccine.	intradermal administration of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) was investigated in an attempt to reduce the current high cost of preexposure rabies prophylaxis. the study population consisted of 240 volunteers from a veterinary hospital, 165 of whom had prior vaccination with duck embryo rabies vaccine (dev). vaccine safety was good; only minor reactions were experienced, all of which resolved spontaneously. serological responses to intradermal hdcv were excellent; 209 (99.5%) of the 210 ...	1982	7109184
[specific activity of an uv-inactivated antirabies vaccine made from brain tissue administered in a shortened schedule].	the results obtained in the study of the specific potency of rabies vaccine prepared from sheep brain tissue and inactivated by uv irradiation indicate that, even in the presence of the lowest immunogenicity index (0.5), 5-6 injections of the vaccine, made not daily, but at interval of 3 and 7 days, induced the production of antibodies in the titers not lower than those resulting from 14-20 daily injections of the same vaccine or fermi vaccine. the preparation inactivated by uv irradiation shoul ...	1982	7080770
specific activity of concentrated and purified cell culture rabies vaccine (cpcrv) from the strain vnukovo -32-107 in an experiment with therapeutical immunization of humans.	reactogenicity and specific activity of three series of concentrated and purified cell culture rabies vaccine (cpcrv) were studied in an experiment of therapeutical immunization of 300 human subjects bitten by domestic animals, category "c". cpcrv was well tolerated; when administered intramuscularly, it did not provoke local reactions, while general reactions, such as temporary headaches and indisposition, were observed in 4% of cases. intradermal revaccination with cpcrv was followed by local ...	1982	7086124
vaccine-induced rabies in four cats.	vaccine-induced rabies in 4 cats was characterized by rigid posterior paralysis. in 3 cats, paralysis began in 1 hindlimb and rapidly spread to the other hindlimb. later, forelimb and cranial nerve deficits were noticed. onset of clinical signs was 13 to 17 days after im vaccination with an era-strain modified live-virus rabies vaccine approved for use in cats. each cat eventually was euthanatized. in each case, brain tissue was found to contain rabies virus on fluorescent antibody and mouse ino ...	1982	7096177
evaluation of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine: final report of a three year study of pre-exposure immunization.	the antibody responses of 194 volunteers were studied for up to 3 years after primary immunization with one, two or three doses of human diploid cell rabies vaccine, administered either in 0.1 ml volumes intradermally (i.d.) or as 1.0 ml intramuscularly (i.m.). sero-conversion occurred in 95% of subjects after the first injection and in 100% after the second. the highest titres and most durable antibody responses were induced by three injections of vaccine. booster doses were administered either ...	1982	7096998
[the early death phenomenon related to sensitization of mice with rabies antigen--qualitative study and kinetics].	protection against challenge following rabies vaccination occurs early in the mouse. however, before this protection appears, vaccinated mice die earlier than control mice receiving a placebo. study of this 'early death' shows that this phenomenon occurs when challenge is made with the cvs fixed virus and a field isolate from the salivary glands of the fox; by different routes of inoculation and for various infectious doses, and finally, when this challenge is made before or after vaccination. t ...	1982	6982148
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a rapid reproducible test for the measurement of rabies antibody.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detecting igg antibodies to the pitman moore strain of rabies virus in sera from subjects immunised wih hdcs vaccine. end-point titres of antibody were determined using a pocket calculator preprogrammed to analyse absorbence values of test sera and negative controls. the assay was highly reproducible, and very close agreement was achieved when the results were compared with those of the mouse neutralization test. rabies enzyme-linked ...	1982	7038045
rhesus diploid rabies vaccine (adsorbed), a new rabies vaccine. results of initial clinical studies of preexposure vaccination.	to meet the need for a safe, efficacious, and low-cost rabies vaccination program, the michigan department of public health developed a new rabies vaccine: rhesus diploid rabies vaccine, adsorbed (rdrv). initial clinical studies were conducted in 534 volunteers using preexposure protocols consisting of two injections of rdrv given 1, 2, or 4 weeks apart. this new rabies vaccine induced an excellent rabies virus antibody response two to three weeks after vaccination: antibody levels were superior ...	1982	7038159
pathogenesis of rabies in dogs inoculated with an ethiopian rabies virus strain. immunofluorescence, histologic and ultrastructural studies of the central nervous system.	dogs were inoculated with either an ethiopian of mexican rabies virus strain. the distribution of viral antigen and lesions were studied by immunofluorescence, histologic and electron microscopic techniques. in all dogs inoculated with the ethiopian rabies virus strain, tremendous whorls of filamentous fluorescing aggregates were observed throughout the brain; these were not observed in dogs inoculated with the mexican virus. lesions consisted on neuronal degeneration and neuronophagia, associat ...	1982	7039557
isolation and study of temperature-sensitive mutants of rabies virus.	one-hundred and seventeen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants have been isolated from the challenge virus strain (cvs) of rabies virus (rv). the criterion used for this selection was the absence of plaque-forming units on cer cells under agarose medium at the non-permissive temperature (npt) of 38.5 degrees c. of these mutants, 102 were induced by 5-fluorouracil. this compound was much more effective as a mutagen than either nitrous acid or the alkylating agents ethyl methanesulphonate and methyl ...	1982	7097248
animal rabies. papers presented at the joint scientific meeting on animal rabies. 3 to 5 june 1982, nancy, france.		1982	7128057
reproducible plaquing system for rabies virus in cer cells.		1982	7107802
is the acetylcholine receptor a rabies virus receptor?	rabies virus was found on mouse diaphragms and on cultured chick myotubes in a distribution coinciding with that of the acetylcholine receptor. treatment of the myotubes with alpha-bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine before the addition of the virus reduced the number of myotubes that became infected with rabies virus. these findings together suggest that acetylcholine receptors may serve as receptors for rabies virus. the binding of virus to acetylcholine receptors, which are present in high densit ...	1982	7053569
dual role of the immune response in street rabiesvirus infection of mice.	the cellular and humoral immune responses of mice to footpad injection of salivary gland suspensions of street rabiesvirus were investigated. suppression of these responses with cyclophosphamide both increased the overall mortality rate from (50 to 100%) and delayed onset of disease signs and death for 1 to 2 weeks. despite the absence of disease signs in these immunosuppressed animals, virus was present in the central nervous system, as shown by fluorescent-antibody staining of corneal epitheli ...	1982	7054123
human diploid cell rabies vaccine. effectiveness of immunization with small intradermal or subcutaneous doses.	to determine antibody responses to small doses of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv), we determined rabies antibody titers in 124 volunteers who had been vaccinated with one of five primary preexposure regimens. in a sixth group of 47 persons previously vaccinated with duck embryo rabies vaccine (dev), we evaluated the booster responses after a 0.1-ml dose of intradermal (id) hdcv. persons in all five groups undergoing primary immunization received three doses of vaccine, one each on days ...	1982	7057603
rabies in ethiopia.	rabies is one of the most severe infectious diseases in ethiopia, with many cases of the disease diagnosed in various parts of the country. the dog is the species most responsible for human exposure, with over 98% of the human cases and vaccinations due to the bite of rabid or suspected rabid dogs. most of the treatments are due to stray dogs that bite, escape and are not available for observation. most of the people who die of rabies are under 40 years of age, and among adults, the majority of ...	1982	7058785
hemolysis and cell fusion by rhabdoviruses.		1982	7060734
avirulent mutants of the cvs strain of rabies virus.	two avirulent mutants of the cvs strain of rabies virus have been isolated on the basis of their loss of sensitivity to antiglycoprotein neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. with the exception of virulence, both retain general characteristics of the cvs strain of the rabies virus. after inoculation, they induce a strong and rapid immune response in adult mice. in this respect, however, they are quite different from the parental cvs strain. surviving mice are protected against intramuscular challe ...	1982	7128059
[role of interferon in rabies immunity].	cell cultured rabies vaccines, usually induce a good production of interferon. a comparative study shows that vaccines from primary explantation cell cultures are better interferon inducers. taking into account the importance of this induction in rabies vaccination, a study showing the role of leucocyte interferon (alpha-type) is achieved. results show that leucocyte interferon (originating from the red cross, osaka, japan and institut pasteur production, paris) inhibits the formation of fluores ...	1982	7128060
geographic and seasonal distribution of rabies in skunks, foxes and bats in texas.	the geographic and seasonal distributions of the pathobiocenoses formed by rabies virus, the biotic provinces of texas, and skunks, foxes and bats were described using synoptic mapping and enumeration by calendar month. autocorrelation functions with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the skunk pathobiocenose for lag periods up to 36 mo in length. the geographic distributions were fundamentally different, but all overlapped. the skunk and fox pathobiocenoses were associated with provin ...	1982	7154216