Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| an efficient and simple method to increase the level of displayed protein on the yeast cell surface. | the development of oral vaccines using yeast surface display technology is an area of intensive study in vaccine development, but the protein level displayed on yeast surfaces is not currently high enough to obtain a robust immune response. | 2017 | 28188810 |
| establishment and characterization of a heart-derived cell line from goldfish (carassius auratus). | the goldfish carassius auratus, a freshwater fish in the family cyprinidae, was one of the earliest fish to be domesticated for ornamental purposes. a cell line was established from goldfish heart (gh) tissue to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. the gh cell line was optimally maintained at 25 °c in m199 medium supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum. a chromosomal analysis indicated that the cell line remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. in viral inoc ... | 2017 | 28097494 |
| enhancement of glycoprotein-based dna vaccine for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) via addition of the molecular adjuvant, ddx41. | the use of molecular adjuvants to improve the immunogenicity of dna vaccines has been thoroughly studied in recent years. glycoprotein (g)-based dna vaccines had been proven to be effective in combating infection against rhabdovirus (especially infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, ihnv) in salmonids. ddx41 is a helicase known to induce antiviral and inflammatory responses by inducing a type i ifn innate immune response. to gain more information regarding g-based dna vaccines in olive flounde ... | 2017 | 28126619 |
| optimization of a plaque neutralization test (pnt) to identify the exposure history of pacific herring to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). | methods for a plaque neutralization test (pnt) were optimized for the detection and quantification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) neutralizing activity in the plasma of pacific herring clupea pallasii. the pnt was complement dependent, as neutralizing activity was attenuated by heat inactivation; further, neutralizing activity was mostly restored by the addition of exogenous complement from specific-pathogen-free pacific herring. optimal methods included the overnight incubation of ... | 2017 | 28375717 |
| analytical validation of a reverse transcriptase droplet digital pcr (rt-ddpcr) for quantitative detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is an important pathogen of salmonid fishes. a validated universal reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) assay that can quantify levels of ihnv in fish tissues has been previously reported. in the present study, we adapted the published set of ihnv primers and probe for use in a reverse-transcriptase droplet digital pcr (rt-ddpcr) assay for quantification of the virus in fish tissue samples. the rt-ddpcr and rt-qpcr assays detected 13 phy ... | 2017 | 28347708 |
| replication and shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in juvenile rainbow trout. | viral replication and shedding are key components of transmission and fitness, the kinetics of which are heavily dependent on virus, host, and environmental factors. to date, no studies have quantified the shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), or how they are associated with replication, making it difficult to ascertain the transmission dynamics of this pathogen of high agricultural and conservation importance. here, the repli ... | 2017 | 27771253 |
| the role of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) proteins in the modulation of nf-κb pathway during ihnv infection. | viral infections frequently lead to the activation of host innate immune signaling pathways involved in the defense against invading pathogens. to ensure their survival, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to overcome the host immune responses. the present study demonstrated for the first time that infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) activated nf-κb pathway in fish cells. we further identified that the ihnv l protein could activate the nf-κb signaling pathway and that ihnv n ... | 2017 | 28245988 |
| dna vaccination partially protects muskellunge against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv-ivb). | a dna vaccine containing the glycoprotein (g) gene of the north american viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) genotype ivb was developed to evaluate the immune response of fish following vaccination and evaluate its efficacy in protecting a susceptible species, the muskellunge esox masquinongy, against vhsv-ivb challenge. seven weeks (539 degree-days) following vaccination with 10 μg of either pvhsivb-g or a control plasmid, muskellunge were challenged by immersion with 10(5) plaque-forming ... | 2017 | 28225652 |
| transmission potential of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in apex-ihn®-vaccinated atlantic salmon. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) outbreaks have had a significant negative impact on atlantic salmon salmo salar production in british columbia, canada, since the first outbreak was reported in 1992. in 2005, the apex-ihn® vaccine was approved for use in canada for prevention of ihn. the vaccine was proven to be safe and efficacious prior to approval; however, it is unknown as to whether apex-ihn®-vaccinated atlantic salmon infected with ihnv can support replication and virus shedd ... | 2017 | 28117300 |
| infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus virological and genetic surveillance 2000-2012. | surveillance records of the acute rna pathogen of pacific salmonid fish infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus are combined for the first time to enable landscape-level ecological analyses and modeling. the study area is the freshwater ecosystems of the large columbia river watershed in the u.s. states of washington, oregon, and idaho, as well as coastal rivers in washington and oregon. the study period is 2000-2012, and records were contributed by all five resource management agencies that ope ... | 2017 | 28052389 |
| infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) outbreak in farmed rainbow trout in iran: viral isolation, pathological findings, molecular confirmation, and genetic analysis. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is the etiological agent of a contagious disease (ihn) mainly in salmonid fish. in the present study, we isolated and identified ihnv in trout fry from iranian trout farms with unexplained high mortality in 2016. the affected fry showed cumulative mortality of 90% with the gross pathological signs including exophthalmia and hemorrhage of the eye, skin darkening, abdominal distension, ulceration of the snout, and the visceral pallor and yellowish flu ... | 2017 | 28012997 |
| inhibition of an aquatic rhabdovirus demonstrates promise of a broad-spectrum antiviral for use in aquaculture. | many enveloped viruses cause devastating disease in aquaculture, resulting in significant economic impact. lj001 is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that inhibits enveloped virus infections by specifically targeting phospholipids in the lipid bilayer via the production of singlet oxygen ((1)o2). this stabilizes positive curvature and decreases membrane fluidity, which inhibits virus-cell membrane fusion during viral entry. based on data from previous mammalian studies and the requirement of l ... | 2017 | 27903801 |
| a effective dna vaccine against diverse genotype j infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus strains prevalent in china. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is the most important pathogen threatening the aquaculture of salmonid fish in china. in this study, a dna vaccine, designated pihnch-g, was constructed with the glycoprotein (g) gene of a chinese ihnv isolate sd-12 (also called sn1203) of genotype j. the minimal dose of vaccine required, the expression of the mx-1 gene in the muscle (vaccine delivery site) and anterior kidney, and the titers of the neutralizing antibodies produced were used to eval ... | 2017 | 28343776 |
| comparison of selected nonlethal samples from adult steelhead for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus using cell culture. | nonlethal sampling techniques have previously been evaluated for detection of a variety of viral salmonid pathogens. however, many of these studies have used molecular assays in lieu of widely accepted cell culture techniques to evaluate the sampled tissues. samples were collected from female steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock using three potential nonlethal sampling methods (mucus/skin scrape, pectoral fin clip, and gill tissue biopsy) and evaluated for the presence of infectious hematopo ... | 2017 | 28324676 |
| preliminary study of an oral vaccine against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus using improved yeast surface display technology. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a common pathogen that causes severe disease in the salmonid aquaculture industry. because oral vaccines induce more efficient mucosal immunity than parenteral immunization, an oral vaccine was developed with an improved yeast cell surface display technology to induce an immune response to ihnv. the oral yeast vaccine, designated eby100/pyd1-bi-g, was delivered orally to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) on days 1 and 32, and the nonspecific an ... | 2017 | 28285182 |
| nv proteins of fish novirhabdovirus recruit cellular ppm1bb protein phosphatase and antagonize rig-i-mediated ifn induction. | non virion (nv) protein expression is critical for fish novirhabdovirus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), in vivo pathogenesis. however, the mechanism by which nv promotes the viral replication is still unclear. we developed an approach based on reverse genetics and interactomic and identified several nv-associated cellular partners underlying cellular pathways as potential viral targets. among these cell partners, we showed that nv pr ... | 2017 | 28276468 |
| emergence of a new rhabdovirus associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (zoarces viviparous) in the baltic sea. | we report the first description of a new rhabdoviridae tentatively named eelpout rhabdovirus (eprv genus perhabdovirus). this virus was associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (zoarces viviparous, linnaeus) along the swedish baltic sea coast line in 2014. diseased fish showed signs of central nervous system infection, and brain lesions were confirmed by histology. a cytopathogenic effect was observed in cell culture, but elisas for the epizootic piscine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus ( ... | 2017 | 27416895 |
| development of a liquid chip technique to simultaneously detect spring viremia of carp virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia of salmonids. | a liquid chip technique was developed to detect spring viremia of carp virus (svcv), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) of salmonids simultaneously. sequences of the g gene of svcv, n gene of ihnv, and g gene of vhsv were used to design svcv-, ihnv-, and vhsv-specific primers, which were labeled with biotin and subjected to amination modification. they were then coupled with fluorescence-coded microspheres and used for hybridization with ... | 2017 | 28825543 |
| virulence of a chimeric recombinant infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus expressing the spring viraemia of carp virus glycoprotein in salmonid and cyprinid fish. | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) are both rhabdoviruses of fish, listed as notifiable disease agents by the world organization for animal health. recombinant rhabdoviruses with heterologous gene substitutions have been engineered to study genetic determinants and assess the potential of these recombinant viruses for vaccine development. a recombinant ihnv (rihnv), containing the full-length genome of a european ihnv strain, was modified by ... | 2017 | 28799647 |
| autophagy induced by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus inhibits intracellular viral replication and extracellular viral yields in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a common pathogen that causes severe disease in the salmonid aquaculture industry. recent work demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in pathogen invasion by activating innate and adaptive immunity. this study investigated the relationship between ihnv and autophagy in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. the electron microscopy results show that ihnv infection can induce typical autophagosomes which are representative structures of ... | 2017 | 28760360 |
| bivalent dna vaccine induces significant immune responses against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) are important pathogens of salmon and trout. an active bivalent dna vaccine was constructed with the glycoprotein gene of chinese ihnv isolate sn1203 and vp2-vp3 gene of chinese ipnv isolate chrtm213. rainbow trout (5 g) were vaccinated by intramuscular injection with 1.0 µg of the bivalent dna vaccine and then challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of ihnv, ipnv, or both, at 30 and 60 days post- ... | 2017 | 28720888 |
| effects of different cytokines on immune responses of rainbow trout in a virus dna vaccination model. | seven rainbow trout cytokine genes (interleukin (il)-2, il-8, il-15, il-17, il-1β, intracellular interferon (iifn) 1a, and ifn-γ2) were evaluated for their adjuvant effects on a dna vaccine, called pg, containing the glycoprotein gene of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). distinct dna constructs in expression plasmid pcdna3.1 encoding a cytokine gene were generated. immunofluorescence assays in rainbow trout gonadal cells demonstrated successful protein expression from all these con ... | 2017 | 29348820 |
| z-fa-fmk demonstrates differential inhibition of aquatic orthoreovirus (prv), aquareovirus (csrv), and rhabdovirus (ihnv) replication. | benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-fluoromethyl ketone (z-fa-fmk) is a protease inhibitor that has been shown to strongly inhibit mammalian orthoreovirus replication. here we explore the ability of z-fa-fmk to inhibit three important yet genetically discrete aquatic fish viruses: chum salmon aquareovirus (csrv), piscine orthoreovirus (prv), and the rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). z-fa-fmk significantly attenuated csrv in vitro transcription and infectious yield fol ... | 2017 | 29174718 |
| transmission routes maintaining a viral pathogen of steelhead trout within a complex multi-host assemblage. | this is the first comprehensive region wide, spatially explicit epidemiologic analysis of surveillance data of the aquatic viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) infecting native salmonid fish. the pathogen has been documented in the freshwater ecosystem of the pacific northwest of north america since the 1950s, and the current report describes the disease ecology of ihnv during 2000-2012. prevalence of ihnv infection in monitored salmonid host cohorts ranged from 8% to 30 ... | 2017 | 29075442 |
| phylogeny of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in european aquaculture. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn)-a highly lethal infectious salmonid disease-has caused substantial economic losses in the european production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) since the late 1980s. the causal agent of ihn is the ihn virus (ihnv) introduced from overseas. however, until today, its phylogeographic spread in europe remains poorly understood. we therefore sought to elucidate this unresolved topic by using the largest ever compiled dataset of european ihnv isolates (e is ... | 2017 | 28886189 |
| molecular evolution and phylogeography of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with a focus on its presence in france over the last 30 years. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is among the most important pathogens affecting the salmonid industry. here, we investigated the molecular evolution and circulation of isolates from 11 countries or regions all over the world, with a special focus on the epidemiological situation in france. the phylogeography, time to the most recent common ancestor (tmrca) and nucleotide substitution rate were studied using 118 full-length glycoprotein gene sequences isolated from 9 countries (5 g ... | 2017 | 28874229 |
| sockeye salmon immunoglobulin vh usage and pathogen loads differ between spawning sites. | the immunological imprinting hypothesis proposes that juvenile anadromous fish respond to the pathogen fingerprint specific to their natal site by producing protective long lived plasma cells (llpcs) that constitutively produce antibodies against those pathogens. hence, fish returning to their natal streams have immunological protection from pathogens at that specific location. here, we tested the hypothesis through analysis of antibody composition and usage in sockeye salmon populations in alas ... | 2017 | 28847679 |
| vaccine effects on heterogeneity in susceptibility and implications for population health management. | heterogeneity in host susceptibility is a key determinant of infectious disease dynamics but is rarely accounted for in assessment of disease control measures. understanding how susceptibility is distributed in populations, and how control measures change this distribution, is integral to predicting the course of epidemics with and without interventions. using multiple experimental and modeling approaches, we show that rainbow trout have relatively homogeneous susceptibility to infection with in ... | 2017 | 29162706 |
| atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. are broadly susceptible to isolates representing the north american genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | beginning in 1992, three epidemic waves of infectious hematopoietic necrosis, often with high mortality, occurred in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar l. on the west coast of north america. we compared the virulence of eleven strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), representing the u, m and l genogroups, in experimental challenges of juvenile atlantic salmon in freshwater. all strains caused mortality and there was wide variation within genogroups: cumulative mortality for fi ... | 2016 | 25381936 |
| molecular evolution and phylogeography of co-circulating ihnv and vhsv in italy. | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) are the most important viral pathogens impacting rainbow trout farming. these viruses are persistent in italy, where they are responsible for severe disease outbreaks (epizootics) that affect the profitability of the trout industry. despite the importance of ihnv and vhsv, little is known about their evolution at a local scale, although this is likely to be important for virus eradication and control. ... | 2016 | 27602026 |
| characterization of infectious dose and lethal dose of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). | the ability to infect a host is a key trait of a virus, and differences in infectivity could put one virus at an evolutionary advantage over another. in this study we have quantified the infectivity of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) that are known to differ in fitness and virulence. by exposing juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hosts to a wide range of virus doses, we were able to calculate the infectious dose in terms of id50 values for the two genotype ... | 2016 | 26752429 |
| phylogenetic relationships of iranian infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) based on the glycoprotein gene. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), a member of family rhabdoviridae and genus novirhabdoviridae, causes a highly lethal disease of salmon and trout. in iran ihnv was first detected in 2001 on farms rearing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to evaluate the genetic relationships of ihnv from northern and western iran, the sequences of a 651-nt region of the glycoprotein gene were determined for two iranian isolates. these sequences were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatednes ... | 2016 | 26602428 |
| de novo assembly of sockeye salmon kidney transcriptomes reveal a limited early response to piscine reovirus with or without infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus superinfection. | piscine reovirus (prv) has been associated with the serious disease known as heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) in cultured atlantic salmon salmo salar in norway. prv is also prevalent in wild and farmed salmon without overt disease manifestations, suggesting multifactorial triggers or prv variant-specific factors are required to initiate disease. in this study, we explore the head kidney transcriptome of sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka during early prv infection to identify host re ... | 2016 | 27806699 |
| spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in pacific northwest salmonids. | the aquatic rhaboviral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) causes acute disease in juvenile fish of a number of populations of pacific salmonid species. heavily managed in both marine and freshwater environments, these fish species are cultured during the juvenile stage in freshwater conservation hatcheries, where ihnv is one of the top three infectious diseases that cause serious morbidity and mortality. therefore, a comprehensive study of viral genetic surveillance data rep ... | 2016 | 27693400 |
| detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the leeches hemiclepsis marginata and hirudo medicinalis. | leeches have been reported to harbor several important fish pathogens, including spring viremia of carp virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), and also may contain blood protozoa. in the present study, leeches were collected from water bodies located in kurdistan province, iran. the specimens were tested for ihnv, vhsv, and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) using the pcr method. the results showed that two different species ... | 2016 | 27687675 |
| analysis of the genome sequence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus hlj-09 in china. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a highly contagious disease of juvenile salmonid fish. six genome target fragments of the complete genome sequence of ihnv hlj-09 were amplified by rt-pcr, and the 3'-terminal and 5'-terminal region of the genomic rna were amplified using the race method. the complete genome sequence of hlj-09 comprises 11,132 nucleotides (nt) (accession number jx649101) and is different from that of other ihnv strains published in genbank. homology comparison an ... | 2016 | 26801781 |
| attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with rearranged gene order as potential vaccine. | the genome of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), a salmonid novirhabdovirus, has been engineered to modify the gene order and to evaluate the impact on a possible attenuation of the virus in vitro and in vivo by reverse genetics, eight recombinant ihnvs (rihnvs), termed nxgy according to the respective positions of the nucleoprotein (n) and glycoprotein (g) genes along the genome, have been recovered. all rihnvs have been fully characterized in vitro for their cytopathic effects, ki ... | 2016 | 27681130 |
| susceptibility of ocean- and stream-type chinook salmon to isolates of the l, u, and m genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). | this study examined the susceptibility of chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha to viral strains from the l, u, and m genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) present in western north america. the goal of this investigation was to establish a baseline understanding of the susceptibility of ocean- and stream-type chinook salmon to infection and mortality caused by exposure to commonly detected strains of l, u, and m ihnv. the l ihnv strain tested here was highly infectious a ... | 2016 | 27596856 |
| effects of three types of inactivation agents on the antibody response and immune protection of inactivated ihnv vaccine in rainbow trout. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) infects salmonid fish, resulting in high mortality and serious economic losses to salmonid aquaculture. therefore, an effective ihnv vaccine is urgently needed. to select an inactivation agent for the preparation of an effective ihnv vaccine, rainbow trout were immunized with mineral oil emulsions of ihnv vaccines inactivated by formaldehyde, binary ethylenimine (bei), or β-propiolactone (bpl). the fish were challenged 8 weeks after vaccination, and ... | 2016 | 27548006 |
| epidemiological characteristics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv): a review. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv, rhabdoviridae), is the causative agent of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn), a disease notifiable to the world organisation for animal health, and various countries and trading areas (including the european union). ihnv is an economically important pathogen causing clinical disease and mortalities in a wide variety of salmonid species, including the main salmonid species produced in aquaculture, atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout ... | 2016 | 27287024 |
| genetic relatedness of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) from cultured salmonids in korea. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv; n = 18) was identified in the korean national surveillance program between february 2013 and april 2015, suggesting that ihnv is a major viral pathogen in cultured salmonids. by phylogeny analysis, we found that the jrt-nagano and jrt-shizuoka groups could each be further subdivided into three distinct subtypes. the korean strains were genetically similar to japanese isolates, suggesting introduction from japan. interestingly, the amino acid sequenc ... | 2016 | 27255747 |
| virulence and serological studies of recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in rainbow trout. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus is a highly contagious disease of juvenile salmonid species. from the ihnv hlj-09 isolated in china, two recombinant viruses were generated by reverse genetics using the rna polymerase ii transcription system. the recombinant viruses were confirmed by rt-pcr, indirect immunofluorescence assay and electron microscopy. they were referred to as rihnv hlj-09 and rihnv-egfp. rihnv hlj-09 and rihnv-egfp could stably replicate in epc cell lines and had the same c ... | 2016 | 27117321 |
| an attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery. | nasal vaccines are very effective but the olfactory organ provides direct access of antigens to the brain. infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is known to cause high mortalities in salmonids. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a live attenuated ihnv nasal (i.n) vaccine in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in the olfactory organ, the vaccine was detected 1 and 4 days after primary i.n vaccination but not in the intramuscular (i.m) or control groups. in the brain, ... | 2016 | 26772477 |
| first evidence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in the netherlands. | in spring 2008, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was detected for the first time in the netherlands. the virus was isolated from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), from a put-and-take fishery with angling ponds. ihnv is the causative agent of a serious fish disease, infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn). from 2008 to 2011, we diagnosed eight ihnv infections in rainbow trout originating from six put-and-take fisheries (symptomatic and asymptomatic fish), and four ihnv i ... | 2016 | 26763082 |
| the zebrafish galectins drgal1-l2 and drgal3-l1 bind in vitro to the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) glycoprotein and reduce viral adhesion to fish epithelial cells. | the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv; rhabdoviridae, novirhabdovirus) infects teleost fish, such as salmon and trout, and is responsible for significant losses in the aquaculture industry and in wild fish populations. although ihnv enters the host through the skin at the base of the fins, the viral adhesion and entry mechanisms are not fully understood. in recent years, evidence has accumulated in support of the key roles played by protein-carbohydrate interactions between host lect ... | 2016 | 26429411 |
| complete protection against influenza virus h1n1 strain a/pr/8/34 challenge in mice immunized with non-adjuvanted novirhabdovirus vaccines. | novirhabdoviruses like viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) are fish-infecting rhabdoviruses belonging to the mononegavirales order. by reverse genetics, we previously showed that a recombinant vhsv expressing the west nile virus (wnv) e glycoprotein could serve as a vaccine platform against wnv. in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of the novirhabdovirus platform as a vaccine against influenza virus. recombinant novirha ... | 2016 | 27711176 |
| the kinetics and protection of the antiviral state induced by recombinant iifn1a in rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | the iifn1a (intracellular ifn-a1), that is one of the ifn-a1 variants, was shown to be functional intracellularly and act as a novel defense against an infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). to determine its antiviral properties, a recombinant iifn1a was generated in escherichia coli. its antiviral activity against ihnv was 1.69×10(7)u/mg in chse-214 cells. additionally, iifn1a was capable of inducing comparable levels of irf-1, irf-2, ifn-i, ifn-γ and mx transcription in head kidney, s ... | 2016 | 27348633 |
| increasing virulence, but not infectivity, associated with serially emergent virus strains of a fish rhabdovirus. | surveillance and genetic typing of field isolates of a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), has identified four dominant viral genotypes that were involved in serial viral emergence and displacement events in steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in western north america. to investigate drivers of these landscape-scale events, ihnv isolates designated 007, 111, 110, and 139, representing the four relevant genotypes, were compared for virulence and infectivity in cont ... | 2016 | 27774291 |
| inhibition of serpine1 reduces rhabdoviral infections in zebrafish. | while exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the fin hemorrhages that follow zebrafish (danio rerio) early infection with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), we discovered that most serpin (serine protease inhibitor) gene transcripts were upregulated, except those of serpine1. surprisingly, only serpine1-derived 14-mer peptide and low molecular weight drugs targeting serpine1 (i.e. tannic acid, egcg, tiplaxtinin) inhibited in vitro infections not only of vhsv, but also of other fish r ... | 2015 | 26363229 |
| infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) persistence in sockeye salmon: influence on brain transcriptome and subsequent response to the viral mimic poly(i:c). | sockeye salmon are an iconic species widely distributed throughout the north pacific. a devastating pathogen of sockeye salmon is infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv, genus novirhabdovirus, family rhabdoviridae). it has been postulated that ihnv is maintained in salmon populations by persisting over the life of its host and/or by residing in natural reservoirs other than its susceptible hosts. herein we demonstrate the presence of ihnv in the brain of sockeye salmon that survived an ex ... | 2015 | 26306576 |
| modelling infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus dispersion from marine salmon farms in the discovery islands, british columbia, canada. | finite volume ocean circulation and particle tracking models are used to simulate water-borne transmission of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) among atlantic salmon (salmo salar) farms in the discovery islands region of british columbia, canada. historical simulations for april and july 2010 are carried out to demonstrate the seasonal impact of river discharge, wind, ultra-violet (uv) radiation, and heat flux conditions on near-surface currents, viral dispersion and survival. numer ... | 2015 | 26114643 |
| genetic variation underlying resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in a steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) population. | understanding the mechanisms of host resistance to pathogens will allow insights into the response of wild populations to the emergence of new pathogens. infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is endemic to the pacific northwest and infectious to pacific salmon and trout (oncorhynchus spp.). emergence of the m genogroup of ihnv in steelhead trout o. mykiss in the coastal streams of washington state, between 2007 and 2011, was geographically heterogeneous. differences in host resistance d ... | 2015 | 26575157 |
| an oral dna vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) encapsulated in alginate microspheres induces dose-dependent immune responses and significant protection in rainbow trout (oncorrhynchus mykiss). | administered by intramuscular injection, a dna vaccine (pirf1a-g) containing the promoter regions upstream of the rainbow trout interferon regulatory factor 1a gene (irf1a) driven the expression of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) glycoprotein (g) elicited protective immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, less laborious and cost-effective routes of dna vaccine delivery are required to vaccinate large numbers of susceptible farmed fish. in this study, ... | 2015 | 26054788 |
| evaluation of dual nasal delivery of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and enteric red mouth vaccines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | farmed fish are susceptible to different infectious disease agents including viruses and bacteria. thus, multivalent vaccines or vaccination programs against two or more pathogens are valuable tools in aquaculture. recently, nasal vaccines have been shown to be very effective in rainbow trout. the current study investigates, for the first time, the use of the nasal route in dual vaccination trials against two important aquatic diseases, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn) and enteric r ... | 2015 | 25562788 |
| redfin perch juveniles, perca fluviatilis l., are resistant to european viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus delivered via immersion in experimental condition. | 2015 | 24943677 | |
| determination of the complete genome sequence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) ch20101008 and viral molecular evolution in china. | this study determined the complete genomic sequence of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) strain ch20101008 isolated from farmed brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) that died from a disease caused by the virus in northeast china. the sequence was determined from 10 overlapping clones obtained through rt-pcr amplification. the whole genome length of ch20101008 comprised 11,129 nucleotides (nt), and the overall organization was typical of that observed for all other ihnv strains. t ... | 2014 | 25172153 |
| complement c5a acts as molecular adjuvant in fish by enhancing antibody response to soluble antigen. | c5a, the most potent anaphylatoxin generated during complement activation, has important pro-inflammatory actions and has also been shown to enhance antigen-specific antibody response in mammals, thereby acting as a molecular adjuvant. in rainbow trout, c5a has been shown to have a chemoattractant ability and its receptor has also been found on potential apcs. in this study, we tested the possible role of trout c5a as a molecular adjuvant. we demonstrated the presence of native c5a in trout seru ... | 2014 | 25149591 |
| high virulence differences among phylogenetically distinct isolates of the fish rhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus are not explained by variability of the surface glycoprotein g or the non-virion protein nv. | viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) is an important viral pathogen in european rainbow trout farming. isolates from wild marine fish and freshwater trout farms show highly different virulence profiles: isolates from marine fish species cause little or no mortality in rainbow trout following experimental waterborne challenge, whilst challenge with rainbow trout isolates results in high levels of mortality. phylogenetic analyses have revealed that the highly virulent trout-derived isolates ... | 2014 | 24189623 |
| selection and characterization of single-chain recombinant antibodies against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus from mouse phage display library. | six single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibodies against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) were selected from an antibody phage display library by phage display technology. the soluble scfv antibodies showed a molecular weight 32kda by western blot. dot blot analysis revealed that the six scfv antibodies could recognize ihnv. for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), four scfv antibodies (p1a4, p1a12, p1d5 and p3e2) showed cross-reactivity with spring viraemia of carp viru ... | 2014 | 24747010 |
| establishment and characterization of a new cell line (ssp-9) derived from atlantic salmon salmo salar that expresses type i ifn. | in the present work, the establishment and biological characterization of a new cell line, ssp-9, derived from the pronephros of the atlantic salmon salmo salar, are reported. these cells grew well in leibovitz's (l15) medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum at temperatures from 15 to 25° c, and they have been sub-cultured over 100 passages to produce a continuous cell line with an epithelial-like morphology. the ssp-9 cells attached and spread efficiently at different plating densities, ... | 2014 | 25230295 |
| model for ranking freshwater fish farms according to their risk of infection and illustration for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia. | we developed a model to calculate a quantitative risk score for individual aquaculture sites. the score indicates the risk of the site being infected with a specific fish pathogen (viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv); infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, koi herpes virus), and is intended to be used for risk ranking sites to support surveillance for demonstration of zone or member state freedom from these pathogens. the inputs to the model include a range of quantitative and qualita ... | 2014 | 24815039 |
| [expression and immunogenicity analysis of truncated glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in fish]. | to investigate the immunogenicity of different regions of glycoproteins in fish infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). | 2014 | 25481176 |
| differential susceptibility in steelhead trout populations to an emergent md strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | a significant emergence of trout-adapted md subgroup infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) began in the coastal region of washington state, usa, in 2007. this emergence event lasted until 2011 and caused both asymptomatic adult fish infection and symptomatic epidemic disease and mortality in juvenile fish. incidence of virus during this emergence demonstrated a heterogeneous distribution among rivers of the coastal region, leaving fish populations of some rivers apparently untouched whi ... | 2014 | 25392039 |
| immune response genes and pathogen presence predict migration survival in wild salmon smolts. | we present the first data to link physiological responses and pathogen presence with subsequent fate during migration of wild salmonid smolts. we tagged and non-lethally sampled gill tissue from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) smolts as they left their nursery lake (chilko lake, bc, canada) to compare gene expression profiles and freshwater pathogen loads with migration success over the first ~1150 km of their migration to the north pacific ocean using acoustic telemetry. fifteen per cent of ... | 2014 | 25354752 |
| viral fitness does not correlate with three genotype displacement events involving infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | viral genotype displacement events are characterized by the replacement of a previously dominant virus genotype by a novel genotype of the same virus species in a given geographic region. we examine here the fitness of three pairs of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) genotypes involved in three major genotype displacement events in washington state over the last 30 years to determine whether increased virus fitness correlates with displacement. fitness was assessed using in vivo ass ... | 2014 | 25068402 |
| susceptibility of koi and yellow perch to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by experimental exposure. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a novirhabdoviral pathogen that originated in western north america among anadromous pacific salmonids. severe disease epidemics in the late 1970s resulting from ihnv's invasion into farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in north america, asia, and europe emphasized ihnv's ability to adapt to new hosts under varying rearing conditions. yellow perch perca flavescens and koi carp cyprinus carpio (hereafter, "koi") are aquaculture-reared fish tha ... | 2014 | 24895860 |
| altered gene expression patterns of innate and adaptive immunity pathways in transgenic rainbow trout harboring cecropin p1 transgene. | we have recently developed several homozygous families of transgenic rainbow trout harbouring cecropin p1 transgene. these fish exhibit resistance characteristic to infection by aeromonas salmonicida and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). in our earlier studies we have reported that treatment of a rainbow trout macrophage cell line (rts11) with a linear cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (e.g., cecropin b) resulted in elevated levels of expression of two pro-inflammatory relev ... | 2014 | 25306446 |
| epitope mapping of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein by flow cytometry. | the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was truncated to ten overlapping fragments. all fragments were displayed on the inner membrane of the escherichia coli periplasm. after disruption of the outer membrane, spheroplasts that had anchored with the glycoprotein fragment were incubated with an anti-glycoprotein polyclonal antibody. prey pairs were detected and quantitated by flow cytometry with all fragments but one, g2, reacting with the polyclonal antibody. the antigenicity ... | 2014 | 25048222 |
| contrasted innate responses to two viruses in zebrafish: insights into the ancestral repertoire of vertebrate ifn-stimulated genes. | ease of imaging and abundance of genetic tools make the zebrafish an attractive model host to understand host-pathogen interactions. however, basic knowledge regarding the identity of genes involved in antiviral immune responses is still lagging in this species. we conducted a microarray analysis of the larval zebrafish response to two models of rna virus infections with very different outcomes. chikungunya virus (chikv) induces a rapid and protective ifn response. infection with infectious hema ... | 2014 | 24683187 |
| association mapping of disease resistance traits in rainbow trout using restriction site associated dna sequencing. | recent advances in genotyping-by-sequencing have enabled genome-wide association studies in nonmodel species including those in aquaculture programs. as with other aquaculture species, rainbow trout and steelhead (oncorhynchus mykiss) are susceptible to disease and outbreaks can lead to significant losses. fish culturists have therefore been pursuing strategies to prevent losses to common pathogens such as flavobacterium psychrophilum (the etiological agent for bacterial cold water disease [cwd] ... | 2014 | 25354781 |
| [prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of glycoprotein from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus]. | in order to detect infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with immunological methods, the surface glycoprotein of a recent ihnv-sn isolated from farmed rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss ) in china was amplified and cloned into pet27b(+) vector (designated as pet27b-g ). the expression of recombinant plasmid pet27b-g in e. coli bl21(de3) was induced and determined by sds-page analysis. the predicted molecular weight of glycoprotein protein was approximately 55 kd and was confirmed in this stud ... | 2013 | 24386842 |
| production of homozygous transgenic rainbow trout with enhanced disease resistance. | previous studies conducted in our laboratory showed that transgenic medaka expressing cecropin b transgenes exhibited resistant characteristic to fish bacterial pathogens, pseudomonas fluorescens and vibrio anguillarum. to confirm whether antimicrobial peptide gene will also exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-viral characteristics in aquaculture important fish species, we produced transgenic rainbow trout expressing cecropin p1 or a synthetic cecropin b analog, cf-17, transgene by sperm-mediated ge ... | 2013 | 24085608 |
| enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in australian mosquitoes. | viral metagenomics characterizes known and identifies unknown viruses based on sequence similarities to any previously sequenced viral genomes. a metagenomics approach was used to identify virus sequences in australian mosquitoes causing cytopathic effects in inoculated mammalian cell cultures. sequence comparisons revealed strains of liao ning virus (reovirus, seadornavirus), previously detected only in china, livestock-infecting stretch lagoon virus (reovirus, orbivirus), two novel dimarhabdov ... | 2013 | 24314645 |
| the antiviral innate immune response in fish: evolution and conservation of the ifn system. | innate immunity constitutes the first line of the host defense after pathogen invasion. viruses trigger the expression of interferons (ifns). these master antiviral cytokines induce in turn a large number of interferon-stimulated genes, which possess diverse effector and regulatory functions. the ifn system is conserved in all tetrapods as well as in fishes, but not in tunicates or in the lancelet, suggesting that it originated in early vertebrates. viral diseases are an important concern of fis ... | 2013 | 24075867 |
| mh-dab gene polymorphism and disease resistance to flavobacterium columnare in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus). | in this study, the association between mh-dab gene polymorphism and disease resistance was evaluated by challenging grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) with flavobacterium columnare. eight genotypes and six alleles were found, and named by common nomenclature. the genotypes aa, bb, ee, and de, and the alleles ctid-dab1*0101, ctid-dab1*0201 and ctid-dab1*0401 were more preponderant in fish. the genotype bb was associated with higher resistance to f. columnare, as well as two alleles ctid-dab*01 ... | 2013 | 23727607 |
| ammocoetes of pacific lamprey are not susceptible to common fish rhabdoviruses of the u.s. pacific northwest. | pacific lampreys entosphenus tridentatus have experienced severe population declines in recent years and efforts to develop captive rearing programs are under consideration. however, there is limited knowledge of their life history, ecology, and potential to harbor or transmit pathogens that may cause infectious disease. as a measure of the possible risks associated with introducing wild lampreys into existing fish culture facilities, larval lampreys (ammocoetes) were tested for susceptibility t ... | 2013 | 24341769 |
| estimation of parameters influencing waterborne transmission of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | understanding how pathogenic organisms spread in the environment is crucial for the management of disease, yet knowledge of propagule dispersal and transmission in aquatic environments is limited. we conducted empirical studies using the aquatic virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), to quantify infectious dose, shedding capacity, and virus destruction rates in order to better understand the transmission of ihn virus among atlantic salmon marine net-pen aquaculture. transmission ... | 2013 | 24340016 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of toll-like receptor 3 gene in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) plays an important role in activating innate immune responses during viral infection. in this report, tlr3 (ectlr3) was characterized and analyzed for the first time in epinephelus coioides. the full-length ectlr3 cdna is predicted to encode a 909 amino acid polypeptide that contains a signal peptide sequence, 18 leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motifs, a transmembrane region and a toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain. quantitative real-time pcr revealed that the ectlr3 ... | 2013 | 23792060 |
| emergence of md type infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in washington state coastal steelhead trout. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) occurs in north america as 3 major phylogenetic groups designated u, m, and l. in coastal washington state, ihnv has historically consisted of u genogroup viruses found predominantly in sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka. m genogroup ihnv, which has host-specific virulence for rainbow and steelhead trout o. mykiss, was detected only once in coastal washington prior to 2007, in an epidemic among juvenile steelhead trout in 1997. beginning in 2007 and ... | 2013 | 23759556 |
| dating the divergence of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is an economically significant rhabdovirus that can cause severe disease to most salmonid fish. phylogenetic analyses of worldwide ihnv isolates have defined five major genogroups. herein, to further the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of ihnv, bayesian coalescent analyses were conducted to the time-stamped coding sequences of the n, g and nv genes. the nucleotide substitution rates and the divergence times were assessed. a ... | 2013 | 23722020 |
| the role of virulence in in vivo superinfection fitness of the vertebrate rna virus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | we have developed a novel in vivo superinfection fitness assay to examine superinfection dynamics and the role of virulence in superinfection fitness. this assay involves controlled, sequential infections of a natural vertebrate host, oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), with variants of a coevolved viral pathogen, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). intervals between infections ranged from 12 h to 7 days, and both frequency of superinfection and viral replication levels were examine ... | 2013 | 23678165 |
| antiviral activity of casein and αs2 casein hydrolysates against the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a rhabdovirus from salmonid fish. | salmonid fish viruses, such as infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), are responsible for serious losses in the rainbow trout and salmon-farming industries, and they have been the subject of intense research in the field of aquaculture. thus, the aim of this work is to study the antiviral effect of milk-derived proteins as bovine caseins or casein-derived peptides at different stages during the course of ihnv infection. the results indicate that the 3-h fraction of casein and α(s2) -ca ... | 2013 | 23167612 |
| licensed dna vaccines against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). | this article reviews some of the recent patents on dna vaccines against fish viruses, in particular against the novirhabdovirus infectious hematopoitic necrosis virus (ihnv). although very effective in protecting fish against ihnv, only one dna vaccine has been approved to date for use in canada. in europe and in us, its commercialization is restricted due to safety concerns. | 2013 | 22670604 |
| increasing versatility of the dna vaccines through modification of the subcellular location of plasmid-encoded antigen expression in the in vivo transfected cells. | the route of administration of dna vaccines can play a key role in the magnitude and quality of the immune response triggered after their administration. dna vaccines containing the gene of the membrane-anchored glycoprotein (gpg) of the fish rhabdoviruses infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) or viral haematopoietic septicaemia virus (vhsv), perhaps the most effective dna vaccines generated so far, confer maximum protection when injected intramuscularly in contrast to their low effica ... | 2013 | 24130884 |
| universal reverse-transcriptase real-time pcr for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is an acute pathogen of salmonid fishes in north america, europe and asia and is reportable to the world organization for animal health (oie). phylogenetic analysis has identified 5 major virus genogroups of ihnv worldwide, designated u, m, l, e and j; multiple subtypes also exist within those genogroups. here, we report the development and validation of a universal ihnv reverse-transcriptase real-time pcr (rt-rpcr) assay targeting the ihnv nucleoca ... | 2013 | 24113244 |
| lack of correlation between the resistances to two rhabdovirus infections in rainbow trout. | the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) are two rhabdoviruses responsible for serious outbreaks in salmonid farms. to date, little is known about the variability of host response to these viruses. using gynogenetic clonal lines of rainbow trout exhibiting a wide range of resistance to viral infections, we showed that there was no correlation between the resistance to vhsv and ihnv. we also confirmed the importance of fish weight for it ... | 2013 | 23583726 |
| viral surveillance of cultured rainbow trout in the eastern black sea, turkey. | to study the presence and spread of viral fish pathogens in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the eastern black sea region of turkey, 172 pooled samples (seven fish per pool) of rainbow trout fry from 28 hatcheries were examined from december 2006 to july 2007. forty-three pools (seven broodfish per pool) of seminal and ovarian fluids from 182 female and 119 male brood rainbow trout were also sampled during spawning. moreover, reproductive fluids (22 pools) of wild trout (salmo trutta labrax, ... | 2013 | 23289953 |
| mapping rainbow trout immune genes involved in inflammation reveals conserved blocks of immune genes in teleosts. | we report the genetic map location of 14 genes involved in the inflammatory response to salmonid bacterial and viral pathogens, which brings the total number of immune genes mapped in rainbow trout (rt, oncorhynchus mykiss) to 61. these genes were mapped as candidate genes that may be involved in resistance to bacterial kidney disease, as well as candidates for known qtl for resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and ceratomyxa shasta. these q ... | 2013 | 23013476 |
| analysis of host genetic diversity and viral entry as sources of between-host variation in viral load. | little is known about the factors that drive the high levels of between-host variation in pathogen burden that are frequently observed in viral infections. here, two factors thought to impact viral load variability, host genetic diversity and stochastic processes linked with viral entry into the host, were examined. this work was conducted with the aquatic vertebrate virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), in its natural host, rainbow trout. it was found that in controlled in vivo ... | 2012 | 22310066 |
| antiviral activities of flavonoids isolated from the bark of rhus verniciflua stokes against fish pathogenic viruses in vitro. | an 80% methanolic extract of rhus verniciflua stokes bark showed significant anti-viral activity against fish pathogenic infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in a cell-based assay measuring virus-induced cytopathic effect (cpe). activity-guided fractionation and isolation for the 80% methanolic extract of r. verniciflua yielded the most active ethyl acetate fraction, and methyl gallate (1) and four flavonoids: fustin (2), fisetin (3), butin ... | 2012 | 22538659 |
| fugu double u6 promoter-driven long double-stranded rna inhibits proliferation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in fish cell lines. | a long double-stranded rna (dsrna)-producing vector driven by fugu double u6 promotors, in which the two promoters were arranged in a head-to-head fashion, was newly constructed. to determine whether the dna-vector-based long dsrnas can induce sequence-specific rna interference (rnai), epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells and chinook salmon embryonic (chse-214) cells were transfected with the long dsrna vector targeting the g gene of vhsv, and its effect on expression of the g gene and vira ... | 2012 | 22398916 |
| oral dna vaccination of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus using plga [poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)] nanoparticles. | a dna vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is effective at protecting rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, against disease, but intramuscular injection is required and makes the vaccine impractical for use in the freshwater rainbow trout farming industry. poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) is a u.s. food and drug administration (fda) approved polymer that can be used to deliver dna vaccines. we evaluated the in vivo absorption of plga nanoparticles containing cou ... | 2012 | 22324344 |
| development of an in vitro system to measure the sensitivity to the antiviral mx protein of fish viruses. | mx is a structural protein, induced by type i interferon (ifn), with direct antiviral properties. in fish the inherent contribution of mx protein to viral protection is unknown. the transgenic chinook salmon embryonic (chse)-tof cell line was genetically modified to express the rainbow trout mx (rbtmx1) protein under the control of the tetracycline derivative, doxycycline (dox). two clones chse-tof-mx8 and chse-tof-mx10 were isolated and characterised by qpcr. the level of resistance to infectio ... | 2012 | 22405879 |
| reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in oncorhynchus keta. | a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for detecting infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) from chum salmon oncorhynchus keta in south korea with high specificity, sensitivity and rapidity. a set of 6 ihnv-specific primers was designed, based on the g-protein sequence of ihnv (prt strain), recognizing 8 distinct sequences of the target rna. the assay was optimized to detect ihnv at 63 degrees c for 30 min. the limit of detection was ... | 2011 | 21553563 |
| nonvirion protein of novirhabdovirus suppresses apoptosis at the early stage of virus infection. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) are members of the genus novirhabdovirus within the rhabdoviridae family, which can cause severe hemorrhagic disease in fresh- and saltwater fish worldwide. these viruses carry an additional nonvirion (nv) gene, which codes for the nonstructural nv protein that has been implicated to play a role in viral pathogenesis. to determine the precise biological function of this nv gene and its gene product, we g ... | 2011 | 21653667 |
| a nuclear localization of the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus nv protein is necessary for optimal viral growth. | the nonvirion (nv) protein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) has been previously reported to be essential for efficient growth and pathogenicity of ihnv. however, little is known about the mechanism by which the nv supports the viral growth. in this study, cellular localization of nv and its role in ihnv growth in host cells was investigated. through transient transfection in rtg-2 cells of nv fused to green fluorescent protein (gfp), a nuclear localization of nv was demonstrated ... | 2011 | 21814578 |
| development of an aquatic pathogen database (aquapathogen x) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in north america. | the aquapathogen x database is a template for recording information on individual isolates of aquatic pathogens and is freely available for download (http://wfrc.usgs.gov). this database can accommodate the nucleotide sequence data generated in molecular epidemiological studies along with the myriad of abiotic and biotic traits associated with isolates of various pathogens (e.g. viruses, parasites and bacteria) from multiple aquatic animal host species (e.g. fish, shellfish and shrimp). the cata ... | 2011 | 21762169 |
| in vivo fitness correlates with host-specific virulence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout. | the relationship between virulence and overall within-host fitness of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was empirically investigated in vivo for two virus isolates belonging to different ihnv genogroups that exhibit opposing host-specific virulence. u group isolates are more virulent in sockeye salmon and m group isolates are more virulent in rainbow trout. in both single and mixed infections in the two fish hosts, the more virulent ihnv type exhibited higher pr ... | 2011 | 21745673 |
| antibody recognition of the glycoprotein g of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) purified in large amounts from insect larvae. | abstract: | 2011 | 21693048 |
| survey of pathogens in hatchery chinook salmon with different out-migration histories through the snake and columbia rivers. | the operation of the federal columbia river power system (fcrps) has negatively affected threatened and endangered salmonid populations in the pacific northwest. barging snake river spring chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha through the fcrps is one effort to mitigate the effect of the hydrosystem on juvenile salmon out-migration. however, little is known about the occurrence and transmission of infectious agents in barged juvenile salmon relative to juvenile salmon that remain in-river to n ... | 2011 | 21834329 |