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efficient transfer of interferon-induced virus resistance between human cells.the rate of development of interferon-induced virus resistance in a mixture of two human cell types (u and wish) is determined by the cell type (wish) in the mixture which responds first. this phenomenon has been shown with two types of interferon assay procedure, and with both vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus. the transfer of virus resistance from one human cell (wish) to another (u) (homospecific transfer) is much more efficient than the transfer from mouse l cells to wish cells (h ...1978214520
effect of interferon on transcription and translation of vesicular stomatitis virus in human and simian cell cultures.the effect of interferons on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) primary transcription, amplified rna synthesis [i.e. the sum of primary transcription rna replication (leading to [ - ] rna) and secondary transcription (leading to [ + ] rna) and virus protein synthesis were studied. in a human cell line, both human and simian interferons inhibited the initiation of primary transcription and amplified rna synthesis. in contrast, in a simian cell line tested similarly, the initiation of these activiti ...1978214523
nucleotide sequence of the leader rna of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.sequence for the leader rna synthesized by the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus is presented and its complementary sequence representing the 3'-terminal sequence of the genome rna is deduced. comparison with the leader rna sequence of the serologically distinct indiana strain reveals that the 3'-terminal region of the genomes of two viruses is highly conserved.1978214766
in vitro functional analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype, defective in transcription. 1978214958
the entry into host cells of sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and sendai virus.we have compared the mechanisms of entry into host cells of three enveloped viruses: sendai virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sindbis virus. virus entry by membrane fusion should antigenically modify the surface of a newly infected cell in such a way that it will be killed by anti-viral antibody and complement. on the other hand, virus entry by a mechanism involving uptake by the cell of the whole virion should not make cells sensitive to antibody and complement. as expected, cells new ...1978215317
the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus regulates transcription.temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) belonging to complementation group iii contain a lesion in the matrix (m) protein. this results in a 2--5 fold increase in transcription at the nonpermissive temperature. co-infection of cells with one of these mutants and wild-type virus reverses this mutant phenotype. separation of the transcriptional and translational products from mutant-infected cells reveals an overall increase in each of the viral mrna species concomitant w ...1978215330
spring viremia of carp virus rna and virion-associated transcriptase activity.an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity has been demonstrated for spring viremia of carp virus (svcv). the optimal temperature for in vitro synthesis of rna was 20 to 25 degrees c. the svcv enzyme activity was stimulated when the methyl donor s-adenosyl-l-methionine was included in the reaction mixture. s-adenosyl-l-methionine was not particularly effective in stimulating the virion rna polymerase activity of vesicular stomatitis virus or pike fry rhabdovirus. the 5' nucleotide of the svcv vira ...1978565417
macrophage activation: increased ingestion of igg-coated erythrocytes after administration of interferon inducers to mice.in vitro phagocytosis of igg-opsonized sheep erythrocytes (ea) was used to measure the in vivo activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages. uptake of ea as enhanced by the extraperitoneal administration of newcastle disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, tilorone or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. ingestion of ea was similarly stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or killed corynebacterium parvum. dose-response curves relating concentrations of igg to phagocytosis were parallel for both treated a ...1978624908
antiviral activity of extracts from marine algae.extracts of two species of marine algae, constantinea simplex and farlowia mollis, were tested for antiviral activity in tissue culture and in experimental infections of mice. treatment of confluent mouse embryo fibroblast cell monolayers with either compound before viral inoculation was effective in inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but not encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, or murine cytomegalovi ...1978686707
neutralization of mason-pfizer virus by sera from patients treated for renal disease.sera from 67 patients treated for renal diseases were assayed by as many as three different tests for activities against mason-pfizer virus (m-p v) antigens. firstly, in patients studied before kidney transplantation, neutralizing activity against syncytium-forming units of m-p v was found in 50% of 24 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis but in only 10% of 20 cases with other diseases (p less than 0.01). these proportions were higher after treatments accompanying transplantation since, of the 19 ...1978217951
[effect of host cells on the course of chronic rabies virus infection in cell cultures].different patterns of rabies virus infection were observed in bhk-21/13s and hep-2 cell cultures at late stages of persistent infections. the infection of bhk-21/13s cells was characterized by periodical increases and declines in the portion of the antigen-containing cells (from 100% to less than 1%) and low infectivity titers which did not correspond to fluctuations in the antigen production and occasional resistance to challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus. in contrast, persistently infect ...1978219626
heterospecific activity of rat interferon.in the experiments performed in vitro and in vivo it has been found that the rat and rat embryo fibroblasts cultured in vitro after the induction with virus produce interferon which displays the antiviral activity not only in the homologous cells but also in the heterologous ones. when analysed by chromatography on sephadex g-100 it was shown that the rat serum contains two interferon populations differing in the molecular weight and both active in the homologous and heterologous cells. the inte ...1978219806
gycoprotein and protein precursors to plasma membranes in vesicular stomatitis virus infected hela cells.vesicular stomatitis virus is known to mature at hela cell plasma membranes. to study the process, cells, infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, were fractionated after short term labeling studies (1 min pulse, 1 min chase) to determine the assembly kinetics of g protein and m protein into plasma membranes. newly synthesized m protein was found released in the supernatant from which free polysomes were sedimented during sucrose gradient analysis of these polysomes. if this m protein is partic ...1978215836
specific binding of messenger rna and methionyl-trnafmet by the same initiation factor for eukaryotic protein synthesis.affinity chromatography on columns containing globin mrna, r17 phage mrna, or double-stranded rna linked to cellose is used to demonstrate unequivocally that the eukaryotic initiation factor (eif-2) that forms a ternary complex with met-trnaf and gtp also binds tightly to these rna species. affinity chromatography of reticulocyte ribosomal wash yields over 100-fold purification of met-trnaf-binding factor. this factor is eluted as one of the most tightly bound proteins, and is active in protein ...1978272636
asymmetric budding of viruses in epithelial monlayers: a model system for study of epithelial polarity.infection of two different lines of polarized epithelial cells grown as monolayers with several types of enveloped viruses results, for each virus type, in a characteristic asymmetric budding of virions. influenza virus (wsn strain), simian virus 5, and sendai virus bud exclusively from the free (apical) surface of the cells, while vesicular stomatitis virus acquires its envelope only from the basolateral plasma membrane. because different viruses select specific domains of plasma membrane in th ...1978283416
cell-mediated immunity to vesicular stomatitis virus infections in mice.the t cell-mediated immune responses of mice against vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were assessed by measuring direct primary foot pad swelling after local vsv infection and cytotoxic activity in spleens. the cytolytic activity was mediated by t cells since it was anti-theta + complement sensitive, was restricted by the k and d region but not the i region of h-2 and rapidly increased after 4 days but decreased 8 days after systemic or local infection. cytolytic activity was virus-specific as r ...1978202522
ribosomal proteins in normal simian cells, sv40-transformed simian cells, and simian cells infected with sv40, adenovirus 5, and vesicular stomatitis virus.the protein patterns of monosomes and polysomes isolated from the t-22 line of sv40-transformed gmk cells and from uninfected cv-1 cells and cv-1 cells infected with sv40, adenovirus 5, or vesicular stomatitis virus were analyzed by two-dimensional page. all gel patterns were similar except for the presence of one additional protein associated with t-22 monosomes.1978202574
processing of high mannose oligosaccharides to form complex type oligosaccharides on the newly synthesized polypeptides of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein and the igg heavy chain. 1978202596
5-o-alkylated derivatives of 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine as potential antiviral agents. anti-herpes activity of 5-propynyloxy-2'-deoxyuridine.alkylation of 5-hydroxyuridine or 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine with various activated alkylating agents in the presence of 1 equiv of naoh gave a series of new nucleoside analogues which were evaluated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex-1 virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in both primary rabbit kidney cells and human skin fibroblasts. one of these analogues, 5-propynyloxy-2'-deoxyuridine, was a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus. structure-activity consideration ...1978202709
host function-dependent induction of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.suppression of host cell function by treatment with actinomycin d prior to infection prevented the induction of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, which had been cloned and propagated in cell pretreated with actinomycin d. replication of defective interfering particles already present in an infecting virus stock, however, was not affected by pretreatment of cells with actinomycin d. thus, the induction, but not the replication, of defective interfering particles appea ...1978202736
alterations in the protein synthetic apparatus of friend erythroleukemia cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus or herpes simplex virus.we have compared the effects of infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on the protein synthetic apparatus of friend erythroleukemia cells. previous studies demonstrated that infection with hsv rapidly shuts off the synthesis of globin and other cellular polypeptides (y. nischioka and s. silverstein, 1977, proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 74: 2370-2374). in contrast to these findings, globin synthesis persists in friend erythroleukemia cells infected with vsv. ...1978202753
inhibition of mouse l cell protein synthesis by ultraviolet-irradiated vesicular stomatitis virus requires viral transcription. 1978202073
studies on the generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (indiana serotype) defective interfering particles. 1978202074
tryptic peptide analysis of the structural proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus.the individual structural polypeptides of vesicular stomatitis virus have been examined by tryptic peptide analysis of 35s-methionine preparations labelled in vivo and 125i-preparations labelled in vitro. isolates of the two classical serotypes of the virus (indiana and new jersey) and of a sub-type of the indiana serotype, brazil virus, were compared. the study showed that the major internal proteins of all three viruses gave similar maps, whereas the surface glycoproteins gave distinct maps th ...1978203655
interferon action iii. the rate of primary transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus is inhibited by interferon action.transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in vero cells was confined to the synthesis of parentally-derived mrna (primary transcription) by the use of cycloheximide and/or a ts mutant, g41(iv), at a non-permissive temperature (40 degrees c). more transcripts accumulated in the presence of cycloheximide than in its absence. this so-called "cycloheximide effect" results from higher rates of virus transcription sustained for longer periods of time. the rate of vsv transcription initially in ...1978204729
in vitro synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus membrane glycoprotein and insertion into membranes.translation in vitro of the mrna coding for the vesicular stomatitis virus membrane glycoprotein g in a membrane-free ribosomal extract from hela cells allowed the synthesis of only the unglycosylated protein g1 (molecular weight, 63,000). addition of stripped crude microsomal membranes from hela cells resulted in the conversion of g1 to the glycosylated protein g2 (molecular weight, 67,000). the g2 protein synthesized by the reconstructed microsomal membrane/ribosome system was found to be segr ...1978204929
oligosaccharide chains are trimmed during synthesis of the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.the biosynthesis and maturation of the oligosaccharide moieties of the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were investigated in virus-infected hela and bhk21 cells after pulse labeling with [2-3h]mannose. two major forms of the virus glycoprotein were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which appear to correspond to the viral glycoprotein with either "precursor" or "mature" oligosaccharide chains. the precursor chains in both hela and bhk21 cells infected with vesicul ...1978204932
vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is necessary for h-2-restricted lysis of infected cells by cytotoxic t lymphocytes.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) elicited cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes (ctls) in mice of the balb/c and three congenic strains (balb.b, balb.k, balb.htg). ctl lysis of vsv-infected fibroblasts from the four strains was restricted by the target cells' major histocompatibility complex (h-2). target cells were also infected with two temperature-sensitive mutants of vsv, tsm and tsg in which, respectively, the viral matrix protein and glycoprotein are not expressed at 39 degrees (restrictive ...1978204941
replication of vesicular stomatitis virus facilitated in nonpermissive cells by early functions of shope fibroma virus. 1978202973
application of the critical point dried whole cell technique to the study of animal rhabdoviruses.the critical point dried (cpd) whole cell technique was applied to the study of the morphogenesis and morphology of rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in mouse neuroblastoma and baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. with the stereoscopic technique, progeny viruses at the cell surface and within the cytoplasm of the cpd whole cells were clearly visualized. the presence of many fine cellular processes and of virus budding from these processes were prominent features of the infected cells ...1978201590
classification of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus into two subtypes.we propose a reclassification of five strains of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus into two subtypes designated concan and hazelhurst. this subclassification into two subtypes is based on reciprocal differences in antibody neutralization of virion infectivity, nucleotide base sequence homology, oligonucleotide maps of virion rna, and interference by defective-interfering particles.197874423
melanoma skin test antigens of improved sensitivity prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected tumor cells.crude membrane (cm) extracts from three different cultured human melanoma lines that were "virus-augmented" (infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and subsequently inactivated by ultraviolet light) produced positive skin tests in 17 of 20 (85%), 11 of 20 (55%), and 13 of 18 (72%) tests, respectively, performed in 20 melanoma patients. identical cm extracts from the same melanoma lines that had not been infected with vsv gave positive skin tests in 2 of 20 (10%), 4 of 20 (20%), and 2 of ...197877181
analysis of the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of vesicular stomatitis virus n protein mrna.the sequence of 205 nucleotides adjacent to the poly(a) tract at the 3'-terminus of the mrna encoding the n polypeptide of vesicular stomatitis virus has been determined by copying with reverse transcriptase and using 2', 3'-dideoxynucleoside triphosphates as specific chain terminators. the method appears highly suitable for sequence determination in any purified mrna. an examination of the sequence did not locate without ambiguity the limit of polypeptide coding rna. the hexanucleotide aauaaa, ...197882934
pseudotype particles of vesicular stomatitis virus with surface antigens of bovine leukaemia virus--vsv (blv) -- as a sensitive probe for detecting antibodies in the sera of spontaneously infected cattle.phenotypically mixed particles containing the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and envelope antigen corresponding to bovine leukaemia virus (blv) -- the vsv (blv) pseudotypes -- can be employed as a rapid, specific and sensitive probe for detecting blv-neutralizing antibodies in bovine sera.197826209
an rna polymerase activity in purified rabies virions.an rna polymerase activity has been demonstrated in purified rabies virions. efficiency of the reaction is low since the rate of incorporation was equal to 3 to 5 pmol of uridine per hour, per mg of protein. as with other mammalian rhabdoviruses the optimal temperature was 31 degrees c. unlike vesicular stomatitis virus, manganese could be substituted for magnesium as a divalent cation, at an optimum concentration of 10 to 20 mm.197829077
effects of phosphorylation and ph on the association of ns protein with vesicular stomatitis virus cores.the proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were analyzed on the basis of charge as well as size in polyacrylamide gels containing urea and acetic acid. the phosphorprotein ns was resolved into two major species. the less phosphorylated ns1 species contained about 10% fewer phosphate residues than the second species, ns2. these two phosphorylated forms were compartmentalized both in the virus and in the infected cell cytoplasm. cores from virions and the core-containing fraction of the infe ...197829135
(s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine: an aliphatic nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity.(s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several dna and rna viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. it is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.197817839440
5'-terminal sequences of spring viremia of carp virus rna synthesized in vitro.sequence analyses have been undertaken on the 5' termini of the rna species synthesized in vitro at 22 degrees c by spring viremia of carp virion (svcv)-associated transcriptase by using virus grown in mammalian bhk-21 cells. svcv product rna was synthesized in the absence or presence of low (0.56 mum) or high (0.8 mm) concentrations of added s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam). two major sequences obtained in the absence (or in low concentrations) of sam have been shown to be gpppap and gpppampap(c). ...197916789178
diminution by vesicular stomatitis virus of acute graft vs host mortality in mice. 197939680
cross-neutralization between vesicular stomatitis virus type indiana and chandipura virus.using highly potent immune sheep sera, it was possible to demonstrate that: (1) two rhabdoviruses, classified in the vesiculovirus genus on morphological grounds but previously considered unrelated, viz., the vesicular stomatitis virus type indiana (vsv), and chandipura virus (chv), show a low-level, but distinct cross-neutralization. this was, in most combinations, considerably increased by complement. (2) the species of cells used for growing the viruses for immunization and for neutralization ...197940419
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus multiplication in vero cells by 2-deoxy-d-glucose.2-deoxy-d-glucose (dog) effectively inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) multiplication in vero cells when pyruvate-containing medium was used as an energy source. the effectiveness of the antimetabolite was markedly reduced by substituting glucose for pyruvate in the maintenance medium. addition of dog at intervals during the viral growth cycle caused a notable decrease in viral yields. this inhibiting effect was reversed by mannose and to a lesser extent by glucose. vsv-rna synthesis was ...197941433
in vitro studies on borna virus. ii. properties of the virus.successful cultivation and titration of borna disease virus in cell cultures enabled detailed studies of the virus properties. borna virus is labile towards treatment with heat, ph 3.0 and lipid solvents. it is relatively stable at low temperatures and in frozen state. it is easily inactivated by ultraviolet light as e.g. vesicular stomatitis virus. after ultrafiltration studies, the size of the infectious virus unit is between 80 and 100 nm. its buoyant density in cesium chloride is 1.165 g per ...197942376
structure of the gene n:gene ns intercistronic junction in the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus. 197989911
use of uv irradiation to identify the genetic information of vesicular stomatitis virus responsible for shutting off cellular rna synthesis.uv irradiation of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus was employed to study the relationship between the expression of certain viral gene functions and viral inhibition of rna synthesis in mouse myeloma (mpc-11) cells. viral infectivity, protein synthesis, and viral mrna synthesis were all highly susceptible to inactivation by uv radiation; however, low levels of viral transcriptase activity were detected in vitro in virus preparations subjected to large doses of uv radiation. in sharp contra ...197990165
sequence of 200 nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of the genome rna of vesicular stomatitis virus.the sequence of 200 nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of the genome rna of vesicular stomatitis virus, indiana serotype, was determined by adding a poly(a) tract to the 3'-terminus of genome rna, then using the poly(a) as a binding site for a primer to initiate reverse transcription of the rna, and analysing the complementary dna sequence by the dideoxynucleoside triphosphate chain termination method. proceeding 3' to 5', the genome rna sequence consisted of a sequence complementary to the leader r ...197990365
changes in the virus-host cell relationship in a stable non-virogenic cell line persistently infected with measles virus (bgm/mv).a non-virogenic african green monkey kidney cell line bgm/mv persistently infected with a neurotropic mouse brain-adapted strain of measles virus, was found to have undergone significant changes in the virus-host cell relationship between passages 35 and 119. rather than the stable non-cytopathic relationship previously reported in which approximately 100% of the cells contained measles antigens and less than 1% of the cells expressed cell surface measles antigen, we observed cyclic manifestatio ...1979118238
tetracycline-mediated photodynamic inactivation of animal viruses.demethylchlortetracycline (dmct), doxycycline and, to a lesser extent, chlortetracycline were capable of mediating the in vitro photoinactivation of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus. other tetracyclines tested were found to be inactive in this respect. however, no correlation between chemical structure and photosensitizing activity could be established. the photoinactivation of vee virus by dmct proceeds through a photodynamic mechanism as shown by the absolute requirement of o2 for th ...1979120411
fibroblast interferon induces synthesis of four proteins in human fibroblast cells.treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with fibroblast interferon for 8 hr inhibited replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. when the total cell protein of cells treated with interferon for 8 hr was compared to the total cell protein of untreated cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the interferon-treated cells were found to contain four proteins not found in untreated cells. addition of actinomycin d to the cells concurrently with interferon inhibited the synthesis of the four prote ...1979287023
translation of capped and uncapped vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus mrna's. sensitivity to m7gpppam and ionic conditions.in an attempt to elucidate the role of the 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine residue in translation of mammalian mrnas, vesicular stomatitis virus (vs virus), and reovirus mrnas containing and lacking this residue, and also qbeta rna, were translated in cell-free extracts from reticulocytes and wheat germ under a variety of ionic conditions. optimal translation of mrnas lacking a 5' m7g occurred at concentrations of koac or kcl which were lower than those optimal for normal "capped" mrnas. however, ...1979216675
neutralization of pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus by sera from avian retrovirus-infected hosts.we investigated the capacity of lymphocytes and sera from chickens bearing tumors induced by avian sarcoma viruses (asv) to interact with phenotypically mixed particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and asv. immune chicken sera were able to specifically neutralize such vsv pseudotypes. this ability could be absorbed out, however, on purified preparations of avian retroviruses, suggesting that reactivity was primarily against avian retrovirus enveloped components. supernatant fluids contain ...1979220198
reconstitution into liposomes of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus by detergent dialysis.the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus was selectively liberated from the virion membrane by the dialyzable nonionic detergent, beta-d-octylglucoside. the isolated viral glycoprotein could be rendered virtually free of phospholipid and detergent, under which conditions it formed tail-to-tail glycoprotein micelles in the form of rosettes. when mixtures of viral glycoprotein and egg lecithin were dialyzed free of octylglucoside, glycoprotein vesicles formed spontaneously with spikes p ...1979220238
subacute infection with temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus mutant g41 in the central nervous system of mice. i. clinical and virologic studies.inoculation of three- to four-week-old balb/c mice with temperature-sensitive (ts) vesicular stomatitis virus mutant g41 produced a subacute neurological disease, initially characterized by development of lethargy, hunched posture, and ruffled fur within five to seven days after infection. more than 90% of infected mice developed these clinical signs. in approximately 60% of infected mice, the initial neurological signs proceeded to striking hind-limb paralysis and weight loss. these signs usual ...1979220328
subacute infection with temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus mutant g41 in the central nervous system of mice. ii. immunofluorescent, morphologic, and immunologic studies.inoculation of three- to four-week-old balb/c mice with temperature-sensitive (ts) vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mutant g41 produced a subacute neurological disease mainly localized in the spinal cord. meningitis and diffuse microglial infiltration of the anterior horns of the spinal cord were seen starting six days after infection when neuronal degenerative changes could be seen. infection of neurons was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy five days after infection. two to three we ...1979220329
synthesis and assembly of membrane glycoproteins: presence of leader peptide in nonglycosylated precursor of membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.translation of mrna encoding vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein g by as membrane-free ribosomal extract obtained from hela cells yielded a nonglycosylated protein (g1 (mr 63,000). in the presence of added microsomal membranes, g1 was converted to the glycosylated protein (g2 (mr 67,000) which is inserted in the membrane vesicles as a transmembrane protein. labeling with methionine donated by wheat germ initiator trna1met showed that g1 but not g2 contains methionine in the nh2-term ...1979218209
absence of interferon production in a newly established human cell line.a cell line established from human embryonic lung, hel-r66, was demonstrated to be highly susceptible to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, vaccinia virus, newcastle disease virus (ndv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), western equine encephalitis (wee) virus, sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and rabies virus. the maximal yields of ndv, jev, wee virus, and rabies virus in this cell line exceeded by 2--4 logs those in control human embryonic lung cells. inability of this cell l ...1979218901
biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides. isolation and structure of a second lipid-linked oligosaccharide in chinese hamster ovary cells.previous work has shown that vesicular stomatitis virus-infected chinese hamster ovary cells contain a major high molecular weight lipid-linked oligosaccharide which is transferred en bloc to protein during the formation of the asparagine-linked complex-type oligosaccharides of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein (tabas, i., schlesinger, s., and kornfeld, s. (1978) j. biol. chem. 253, 716-722). we now report the characterization of a second, lower molecular weight lipid-linked oligosacchari ...1979218953
the nonglycosylated glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus is temperature-sensitive and undergoes intracellular aggregation at elevated temperatures. 1979218976
envelope proteins and replication of vesicular stomatitis virus: in vivo effects of rna+ temperature-sensitive mutations on viral rna synthesis.temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus belonging to complementation groups iii and v were investigated for their in vivo rna synthesis. the sucrose gradient patterns of the rna species which they produced at nonpermissive temperature (39.2 degrees c) were systematically compared under different experimental conditions: variation of input multiplicity and of time of infection, superinfection with t particles, and temperature shifts. finally, a more precise analysis of th ...1979219212
role of the membrane (m) protein in endogenous inhibition of in vitro transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus.an endogenous transcriptase inhibitor active at high concentrations of vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus was present in trypsinized whole virions but was absent from ribonucleoprotein cores containing only the l, n, and ns proteins. poly(l-glutamic acid) effectively reversed the transcriptase inhibition. transcription under noninhibited, inhibited, and poly(l-glutamic acid)-reversed conditions did not appear to greatly affect the nature of the rna transcription product. the vs virion matrix (m) pr ...1979219213
morphological and biochemical characterization of viral particles produced by the tso45 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus at restrictive temperature.the growth at restrictive temperature of tso45, a group v (glycoprotein) conditional lethal mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), was demonstrated to result in the production of large numbers of noninfectious viral particles. the infectivity of these tso45 particles could be enhanced by procedures known to promote membrane fusion. morphologically and biochemically these particles differed from wild-type vsv by their lack of viral glycoprotein. the other structural proteins of vsv were pres ...1979219217
specific protein phosphorylation in interferon-treated uninfected and virus-infected mouse l929 cells: enhancement by double-stranded rna.the enhanced phosphorylation of specific protein(s) observed in extracts from interferon-treated cells (in the presence of atp and double-stranded [ds] rna) was also seen in intact mouse l929 cells upon treatment with dsrna, polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid [poly(ri.rc)] or reovirus dsrna, using 32pi as radiolabel. labeling of a 65,000-dalton protein(s) with 32p was greatly increased in interferon-treated cells in the presence of added dsrna, suggesting that the expression in vivo of the ...1979219224
growth and maturation of a vesicular stomatitis virus temperature-sensitive mutant and its central nervous system isolate.a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), tsg31, produces a prolonged central nervous system disease in mice with pathological features similar to those of slow viral diseases. tsg31 and the subsequent virus recovered from the central nervous system (tsg31bp) of mice infected with tsg31 were compared with the parental wild-type (wt) vsv for plaque morphology, growth kinetics, thermal sensitivity of the virions, and viral protein synthesis and maturation. several pr ...1979219225
noninfectious vesicular stomatitis virus particles deficient in the viral nucleocapsid.several temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus in complementation group iii produce, at nonpermissive temperature, noninfectious particles which contain the viral m (matrix) and g (glycoprotein) proteins but less than 10% of the normal proportion of n protein or rna. since group iii mutants are thought to be defective in the structural gene for the virus m protein, these findings demonstrate that an interaction between m and the nucleocapsid is of importance in virus budding ...1979219239
temperature-sensitive mutant ts o82 of vesicular stomatitis virus. i. rescue at nonpermissive temperature by uv-irradiated virus. 1979219603
characterization of rabbit reticulocyte factor(s) that stimulates the translation of mrnas lacking 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine.purified reticulocyte initiation factors were assayed for their ability to stimulate the translation of uncapped vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrna relative to capped vsv mrna in reticulocyte lysates. both eif-3 and eif-4b preparations contained such an activity. however, at least some of the activity was due to the presence of an as yet unidentified factor that contaminated the eif-3 and eif-4b preparations. a polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 24,000 that can be specifically cross-lin ...1979762141
a ts mutant isolated from chl cells: inhibition of dna replication at nonpermissive temperature.a mutant chinese hamster cell clone has been isolated from an s phase culture. this clone, ts154, could not replicate dna at nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees c), although it synthesized dna normally at permissive temperature (33 degrees c). after transfer to 39 degrees, ts154 cells replicated dna semiconservatively through precisely two complete rounds and divided twice before they ceased dna synthesis and further growth. the mutation in ts154 affects dna replication specifically, as its ra ...1979432760
rhabdoviridae. report of the rhabdovirus study group, international committee on taxonomy of viruses.the family rhabdoviridae comprises approximately 75 viruses infecting vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. the main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the viruses infecting vertebrates and invertebrates are bullet-shaped and the viruses infecting plants are usually bacilliform; (ii) the viruses have particle lengths varying from 130 to 380 nm and widths varying from 60 to 95 nm; (iii) the viruses possess unit-membrane envelopes from which protrude spikes 5 to 10 nm long; (iv) the v ...1979500329
the physico-chemical characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus as a member of the family rhabdoviridae.this study of the physico-chemical properties of bovine ephemeral fever virus was initiated to establish whether or not it should be classified as a rhabdovirus. in contrast to the regular bullet-shaped morphology of some rhabdoviruses the virus particles are often cone-shaped or slight variants from bullet-shaped. the virion contains single-stranded rna sedimenting at 42s and six proteins with mol. wt. of 164, 101, 64, 53, 43 and 29 x 10(3). the protein p101 is located on the surface of the vir ...1979501340
[differences in the properties of the interferons produced by the leukocytes of healthy persons and of cancer and leukemia patients].in vitro production of interferon by blood leukocytes from patients with lymphosarcoma, lymphogranulomatosis, leukemia, cancer tumours, pneumonia, as well as by leukocytes of mice with rauscher leukemia, and mice in the condition of hyporeactivity to interferon inducer was studied. alongside with quantitative differences in interferon production, biological differences in the properties of interferons produced of normal and sick humans and animals were revealed. the biological differences consis ...1979506207
isolation and characterization of tunicamycin resistant mutants from chinese hamster ovary cells.stable clones selected for resistance to tunicamycin (tm) have been isolated from chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the tmr phenotype is stable for more than nine months in the absence of the drug. the morphology of tmr mutant varies from epitheloid to abnormally elongate. the mutants do not display cross-resistance for cona but are slightly cross-resistant to pha. biochemically labeled membrane proteins and glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) grown in the tmr mutants revealed that ...1979541348
mason-pfizer like virus in kidney grafted patients.lymphocytes from a kidney grafted patient were specifically stimulated to incorporated thymidine in vitro by mitomycin c treated hela cells infected with a mason-pfizer like virus (mpv). the thermolabile mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv tl) grown in leukocytes of this patient produced pseudotypes which were neutralized by the patient's sera and boy rabbit anti-mpv sera. coculture of the patients leukocytes with sirc cells yielded virus populations with dual properties; those of mpv plus ...1979372781
pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus and pichinde virus.super-infection of pichinde virus-infected cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) resulted in the production of pseudotype virus which was not neutralized by antiserum to vsv but which was neutralized by antiserum to pichinde virus. analysis of pseudotype virus production in relation to the kinetics of replication of pichinde virus demonstrated that pseudotype virus production occurred when super-infection with vsv was initiated 8 h or more after infecting the cells with pichinde virus. the ...1979215705
intracellular events in the replication of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1979217161
complete exchange of viral cholesterol.the exchange of the cholesterol in the membranes of two enveloped viruses, sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, with cholesterol present in lipid vesicles and in serum was measured. biosynthetically labeled viral cholesterol underwent spontaneous and complete transfer to both lipid vesicles and to serum. the rate with which and the extent to which this process occurred were very similar for these two viruses. during incubation with lipid vesicles in excess, half of the viral cholesterol ...1979217416
compositional asymmetry and transmembrane movement of phosphatidylcholine in vesicular stomatitis virus membranes. 1979217417
cellular interactions determine the rate and degree of interferon action.the rate and degree of interferon action on mouse embryo (me), mouse l, and human amnion (wish) cells were found to be dependent on the cell density. the most precipitous drop in interferon action occurred just below cell confluency. this effect was shown with both vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus and at both constant and variable input multiplicities of infection. at both "high" and "low" cell densities, cells attached to a surface develop viral resistance faster than suspended cell ...1979217833
initiation of rna synthesis in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus. role of atp.the atp requirement during rna transcription by the rna-dependent rna polymerase associated with purified vesicular stomatitis virus was studied during chain initiation and chain elongation steps. initiation of transcription in vitro has an apparent km for atp of approximately 500 micron, whereas the apparent km for atp during chain elongation is almost identical with those for the other three ribonucleoside triphosphates, i.e. 20 to 30 micron. further analysis of the transcription process demon ...1979217877
the inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus protein synthesis by frog virus 3. 1979220794
persistent infection. ii. interferon-inducing temperature-sensitive mutants as mediators of cell sparing: possible role in persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. 1979220798
rna synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. viii. oligonucleotides of the structural genes and mrna.the single-stranded rna genome of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, indiana serotype, san juan strain) yields approx. 75 rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotides ranging in size from 10 to 50 bases. each of the five structural genes, isolated as duplex rna molecules hybridized to complementary mrna, contains two or more of these large oligonucleotides. one of the oligonucleotides is identified as part of the non-coding region near the 3' end of the genome. comparison of these results with others indic ...1979221308
vesicular stomatitis virus infection reduces the number of active dna-dependent rna polymerases in myeloma cells.infection of mouse myeloma (mpc-11) cells with vesicular stomatitis virus resulted in rapid loss in activity of cellular rna polymerases associated with nuclear chromatin. no rna polymerase inhibitor could be detected in extracts of infected cell nuclei. reconstitution experiments with solubilized rna polymerases dissociated from chromatin of infected and uninfected cells demonstrated that vesicular stomatitis viral infection did not affect the ability of the polymerases to function on endogenou ...1979221470
mechanism of rejection of virus persistently infected tumor cells by athymic nude mice.cell lines known to be tumorigenic in the nude mouse were modified by rendering them persistently infected (p.i.) with a variety of rna viruses, including measles, mumps, vesicular stomatitis virus, and influenza. although as few as 100 hela or bhk cells produced tumors in 100% of nude mice, as many as 2 x 10(7) of the same cells p.i. with viruses failed to produce tumors. an active host response responsible for restricting the growth of the p.i. cells was suggested by the findings of marked mon ...1979221611
isolation and characterization of a mouse cell line containing a defective moloney murine leukemia virus genome.a culture of mouse cells containing a 1,000-nucleotide deletion mutant of moloney murine leukemia virus has been isolated. the deletion did not affect the size or function of the 21s mrna that encodes the env gene products. both the deleted rna and the 21s mrna were recovered in polyribosomes. cells containing the deleted virus made no detectable pr180gag-pol. pr65gag synthesis with also absent, but a 45,000-molecular-weight gag gene product was found that might be encoded by the deleted genome. ...1979221665
vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is anchored to intracellular membranes near its carboxyl end and is proteolytically cleaved at its amino terminus.the intracellular vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (g) is inserted into membranes such that a small portion of one end of the molecule is exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and is susceptible to proteolytic digestion (t.g. morrison, c.o. mcquain, and d. simpson, j. virol. 28:368-374). we have determined that this region of the g protein contains two methionyl tryptic peptides. the methionyl tryptic peptides of the g protein have been ordered by the use of the ...1979221683
vaccinia virus replication requires active participation of the host cell transcriptional apparatus.the ability of vaccinia virus to replicate in bsc-40 monkey cells whose nuclei have been functionally inactivated was examined. exposure of cell monolayers to ultraviolet radiation at doses that did not alter the cells' capacity to support a subsequent infection by a cytoplasmic virus (vesicular stomatitis virus) caused a reduction to less than 10% in the observed yield of infectious progeny from vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus (type 1) infections. similarly, replication of vaccinia vir ...1979221909
conditional lethal mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. iii. host range properties, interfering capacity, and complementation patterns of specific hr mutants. 1979222052
conditional lethal mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. iv. rna species detected in nonpermissive cells infected with host-restricted mutants. 1979222053
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus-defective interfering particle synthesis by shope fibroma virus. 1979222054
vesicular stomatitis virus mrna methylation in vivo: effect of cycloleucine, an inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis, on viral transcription and translation. 1979222056
decay of vesicular stomatitis virus mrnas in vivo. 1979222066
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus transcriptase complex by the virion envelope m protein. 1979222279
evolution of multiple genome mutations during long-term persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus.persistent infection of bhk21 cells was established with cloned vesicular somatitis virus plus purified dl particles and maintained in vitro for over 5 years. after 1 year of persistence, the infectious virus rna genome had evolved several oligonucleotide map changes, and numerous changes had accumulated by 3.5 years. additional evolution occurred by the fourth year and continued until the fifth year. in contrast, repeated passage of virus in acute infections of several cell types in vitro or in ...1979222463
ultrastructural-immunohistochemical evidence for a maturation defect of temperature-sensitive g31 vesicular stomatitis virus in murine spinal cord neurons.ultrastructural immunoperoxidase studies were done in spinal cords of mice infected with wild type vesicular stomatitis virus or its temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant g31. infected neurons showed subplasmalemmal staining of viral antigen and staining of viral particles budding from the neuronal membrane in wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus infection, whereas diffuse membrane and cytoplasmic staining with no budding virus was observed in ts g31 infection. such findings suggest rapid viral asse ...1979222680
transmembrane biogenesis of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.previous work has shown that the mrna encoding the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g) is bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) and that newly made g protein is localized to the rer. in this paper, we have investigated the topology and processing of the newly synthesized g protein in microsomal vesicles. g was labeled with [35s]methionine ([35s]met), either by pulse-labeling infected cells or by allowing membrane-bound polysomes containing nascent g polipeptides to complet ...1979222771
assay of human interferon in vero cells by several methods.four methods for the assay of human interferon in vero cells were compared based on the inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (cpe) in tubes, the inhibition of cpe in microplates, the reduction of plaques, and the inhibition of quantitative hemadsorption. for inhibition of cpe, sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, poliovirus type 2, and vaccinia virus were used for challenge. in the plaque reduction method, sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and poliovirus were employed, and newcas ...1979222803
effect of cytochalasin b on the maturation of enveloped viruses.the maturation of two enveloped viruses, influenza and vesicular stomatitis, occurs in cells treated with cytochalasin b. virions produced in the presence of 50 microgram/ml cytochalasin b (cb) appear to be as infectious as those from control cells, indicating that polymerized actin is not required for the assembly of functional viral components. cb inhibits the release of influenza virus from treated cells, a phenomenon which appears to be a result of the synthesis of an aberrant neuraminidase ...1979222875
antiviral activity of aliphatic nucleoside analogues: structure-function relationship.of a series of 58 aliphatic nucleoside analogues, (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(s)-dhpa] proved to be the most active congener, when assayed for antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures challenged with either vaccinia or vesicular stomatitis virus. whereas most analogues derived from substituted purine and pyrimidine bases and bearing various hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl chains did not show evidence of antiviral activity at a concentration of 2 mm, (s)-dhpa inhibit ...1979222906
conserved peptides in the proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1979223288
full-length viral rna synthesized in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus-infected hela cell extracts. 1979223312
the induction of interferon by vesicular stomatitis virus in mouse l cells. 1979224285
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