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rates of initiation of protein synthesis by two purified species of vesicular stomatitis virus messenger rna. 1977200619
impaired intracellular migration and altered solubility of nonglycosylated glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus.tunicamycin, an antibiotic which prevents the glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins, inhibits the replication of both vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus. in tunicamycin-treated infected cells, all of the viral proteins are synthesized but the glycoproteins are devoid of carbohydrate. the nonglycosylated glycoproteins could not be detected on the outside of the plasma membrane by lactoperoxidase labeling, indirect immunofluorescence staining, or chymotrypsin treatment of intact ce ...1977200626
alterations of actin-containing structures in bhk21 cells infected with newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.the distribution pattern of actin-containing structures in bhk21 cells and the changes which they undergo upon infection with newcastle disease virus (ndv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were studied by means of immunofluorescence. double labelling with antibodies conjugated with fluorescein (for actin) and rhodamine (for virus antigens) has shown that the progressive cytopathic effects after virus infection are accompanied by extensive alterations of the structures demonstrable by antiact ...1977200706
synchronised transmembrane insertion and glycosylation of a nascent membrane protein.studies of the synthesis and incorporation of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein into membranes in a synchronised cell-free system demonstrate a tight coupling between polypeptide synthesis and membrane insertion, as a result of which the nascent chain crosses the membrane. the studies reveal a surprisingly precise sequence by which the nascent chain of this membrane glycoprotein is glycosylated in two steps. these findings have important implications for the mechanisms of membrane asse ...1977200844
replication of viral rna by a defective interfering vesicular stomatitis virus particle in the absence of helper virus.the genome of a defective interfering particle (dilt) derived from the heat-resistant strain of vesicular stomatitis virus is expressed in vivo without the assistance of infectious helper virus. the rates of rna synthesis in the presence of cycloheximide (primary transcription) are the same when infections are with equal numbers of physical particles of dilt or virus. with this treatment, dilt synthesizes only 12-17s mrnas as characterized by size, polarity, and polyadenylylation. in the absence ...1977200915
the effect of chemical and physical treatments on the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1977201097
interferon induction by vesicular stomatitis virus and its role in virus replication.antibody against human fibroblast interferon increased the yields of vesicular stomatitis virus in human cells. the results show that endogenous interferon produced in the course of multicycle vesicular stomatitis virus infection depresses virus yields.1977201569
effect of selective complement deficiency on the rate of neutralization of enveloped viruses by human sera.the capacity of human sera genetically deficient in selective complement (c) components to enhance neutralization of enveloped viruses was examined by kinetic plaque reduction assays. vaccinia virus, a dna virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), an rna virus, were studied. exogenous rabbit: or human antibody to vaccinia virus, and guinea pig or human antibody to vsv were provided in limiting, c-dependent concentrations. igg antibodies predominated in most of the antisera employed. c5-defici ...1977187701
the structure of vesicular stomatitis virus membrane. a phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance approach.the proton decoupled 40.48 m hz 31p nmr spectrum of intact and unperturbed membrane-enclosed vesicular stomatitis virus (sterotype indiana) exhibited two distinct maxima. these can be resolved into a narrow, symmetric line and a broad asymmetric line. the 31p nmr spectrum of a multilamellar (unsonicated) preparation of the extracted viral lipids exhibited a line shape similar to that of the intact virus. a sonicated vesicle preparation of the extracted viral lipids exhibited a narrow symmetric l ...1977188470
vesicular stomatitis virus: mode of transcription.recent studies on the mechanism by which the virion-associated rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus transcribes rna have revealed several new biological features of general interest. the mode of synthesis of the 5'-terminal cap structure of the mrnas, the sequential transcription of the genes and the presence of a transcribed "leader" rna segment are properties which are either not shown by other viruses, or have not yet been described. these features are probably inter-related with the ...1977188975
vesicular stomatitis virus-infected l1210 murine leukemia cells: increased immunogenicity and altered surface antigens.homogenates of l1210 cells infected in vitro with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were immunogenic agains a tumor graft of 100 times the ld50 dose of l1210 cells" whereas those of uninfected cells were not. the immunogenicity of intact x-irradiated l1210 cells was distinguishable from that of vsv-infected cell homogenates on the basis of the susceptibility of immunogenicity to experimental procedures used in preparation of the immunogenic homogenates: homogenization of intact x-irradiated cells ...1977189042
effects of temperature and antibody on the cyclid growth of vesicular stomatitis virus.to see the effects of temperature on the interrelated cyclic production of standard and defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, a temperature-sensitive (ts) g114 mutant was passaged successively at different temperatures and the production of the two types of viral particles as well as the ability of chinese hamster ovary cells to survive each passage was continuously monitored. when the temperature was nonpermissive for standard virus, the synthesis of both standard ...1977189064
tunicamycin inhibits glycosylation and multiplication of sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses.tunicamycin (tm), an antibiotic that inhibits the formation of n-acetylglucosamine-lipid intermediates, thereby preventing the glycosylation of newly synthesized glycoproteins, inhibits the growth of sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus in bhk cells. at 0.5 mug of tm per ml, the replication of both viruses is inhibited 99.9%. noninfectious particles were not detected. all the viral proteins were synthesized in the presence of tm, but the glycoproteins were selectively altered in that the ...1977189071
rifampin-susceptible mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus: protein and rna synthesis.a rifampin-susceptible strain (vsv rif+) was selected from the wild vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) population unsusceptible to rifampin. the vsv rif+ was blocked in its intracellular replication in the presence of rifampin. in cells, rifampin affected primarily vsv rif+ transcription, but to a different extent than in a cell-free system. in addition, a decrease in the amount of vsv rif+ protein m was detected, linked to a stimulation of protein ns. in the absence of rifampin, protein m, althou ...1977189073
transcriptional mapping of vesicular stomatitis virus in vivo.synthesis of the proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (indiana serotype) was studied in mouse l cells infected with virus that had been exposed to uv radiation. the uv target sizes measured during primary transcription indicated that the five genes occupy a single transcriptional unit. thus, in infected cells, as a cell-free system, transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus rna initiates at a single point and proceeds in the order n. ns, m, g, and l.1977189074
use of defective interfering particle rna probes in the determination of the order of in vitro transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus genes.annealing of various defective interfering particle rnas of vesicular stomatitis virus to early in vitro viral transcription products has shown that transcription is sequential, with 13s to 18s mrna's being produced first. based on this finding, the 30s mrna cistron is located at the 5' end of the viral genome.1977189078
assembly of viral membranes. i. association of vesicular stomatitis virus membrane proteins and membranes in a cell-free system.we report here an in vitro system designed to study the interactions of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) proteins with cellular membranes. we have synthesized the vsv nucleocapsid (n) protein, nonstructural (ns) protein, glycoprotein (g protein), and membrane (m) protein in a wheat germ, cell-free, protein-synthesizing system directed by vsv 12 to 18s rna. when incubated at low salt concentrations with purified cytoplasmic membranes derived from chinese hamster ovary cells, the vsv m andg protei ...1977189082
morphogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus: electron microscope observations with freeze-fracture techniques.the morphogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus was examined using freeze-fracture techniques, and the results obtained were compared with those from previously published experiments carried out with influenza viruses and togaviruses. the process of conversion of the host cell plasma membrane into the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope was accompanied by a loss of the intramembranal particles abundant in cell membranes. frequently a dense accumulation of intramembranal particles could be seen a ...1977189090
giant heterogeneous polyadenylic acid on vesicular stomatitis virus mrna synthesized in vitro in the presence of s-adenosylhomocysteine.an in vitro transcription system in which vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrna species have been synthesized is described. in addition to purified vsv virions, which contain an rna-dependent rna polymerase, this system contained a cytoplasmic cell extract that enhanced correct transcription. gel electrophoretic analysis of the methylated polyadenylic acid [poly(a)]-containing vsv mrna produced in this system in the presenct of s-adenosylmethionine showed the discrete vsv mrna species. however, ...1977189093
assembly of the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope: transfer of viral polypeptides from polysomes to cellular membranes. 1977189501
effects of ozone and sulfur dioxide on virus growth in mice.inhalation of ozone and sulfur dioxide inhibited influenza virus growth in the nose of mice. ozone inhalation caused the more pronounced inhibition of influenza virus growth: 0.6 ppm ozone for 3 hours post-virus exposure almost completely inhibited influenza virus growth in the nose, whereas sulfur dioxide (6 ppm for 7 days) causes only partial inhibition of influenza growth in the nose. neither gas altered the propagation of influenza virus in the lungs of mice. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) ...1977189703
relative importance of 7-methylguanosine in ribosome binding and translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna in wheat germ and reticulocyte cell-free systems.vesicular stomatitis virus mrnas with these four types of 5'-termini, (a) m7g5'ppp5'(m)am, (b) ppp5'(m)am, (c) m7g5'-ppp5' am, and (d) g5'ppp5'a, were prepared and their translation and ribosome binding analyzed in wheat germ and reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis systems. the relative efficiencies of translation of individual vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrnas having type 2 termini ranged from 23 to 29% of the control (type 1) rna in the reticulocyte system and 6 to 7% of control rna ...1977190222
effect of concanavalin a on vesicular stomatitis virus maturation.addition of concanavalin a to bhk cell monolayers infected with vesicular stomatitis virus prevented the formation of mature virus particles. in these cells the virus glycoprotein (g) was inserted into the plasma membrane and the protein that is in close association with the ribonucleic acid, protein n, was found in the cytoplasm. at times when cells infected in the absence of the lectin were liberating virus into the supernatant medium, the m or matrix protein was found in association with the ...1977190344
mechanism of polykaryocyte induction by vesicular stomatitis virus in rat xc cells.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) induces polykaryocytes in rat embryonic fibroblasts transformed by the prague strain of rous sarcoma virus (xc cells). the cell fusion requires the uncoating of the virus in the cell, the synthesis of normally structured g and m proteins and their incorporation into the cell membrane. the synthesis of fully infectious virus is unnecessary. in addition to these antigens, a special yet undefined constitution of the host membrane is also important. with thermosensit ...1977190346
glycosylation of vsv glycoprotein is similar in cystic fibrosis, heterozygous carrier, and normal human fibroblasts.the single envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus was used as a specific probe of glycosyltransferase activities in fibroblasts from two cystic fibrosis patients, an obligate heterozygous carrier and a normal individual. gel filtration of pronase-digested glycopeptides from both purified virions and infected cell-associated vsv glycoprotein which had been labeled with[3h] glucosamine did not reveal any significant differences in the glycosylation patterns between the different cell ...1977202808
[rna polymerase in virions of vesicular stomatitis virus (author's transl)]. 1977203100
two methyltransferase activities in the purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus.in addition to an rna-dependent rna polymerase, purified vesicular stomatitis virus contains a methyltransferase activity which transfers the methyl group from the methyl donor, s-adenosyl-l-methionine, to two positions in the 5'-terminal capped structure of the nascent mrna's synthesized in vitro as 7mg-(5)'ppp(5')apm... in the present study it is shown that two distinct methyltransferase activities are discernible in the purified virus. the in vitro concentrations of the methyl donor specify t ...1977201777
a simple and efficient microassay method for titration of interferon.a simple and efficient microassay method for the titration of interferon was developed by the use of microtest plates for handling a large number of samples. l929 cells pretreated with interferon were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and cultured in the presence of 3h-uridine. the activity was expressed by the reduction of extracellular radioactive rna released after destruction of the infected cells, which was measured in terms of the radioactivity incorporated into cold tca-insol ...1977201822
virus production with a newly developed microcarrier system.primary cell cultures as well as established lines have been grown on a recently developed microcarrier configuration that overcomes the problem of toxicity attendant on earlier developments in this technology. virus yields from these cells propagated on the new microcarriers have been measured. microcarrier-grown cells, when compared to roller-bottle-grown cells, gave virus yields on a per-cell basis that varied from slightly greater with the sindbis virus-chinese hamster ovary cells and polio- ...1977202193
[relationship between manifestation of hyporeactivity (tolerance) in interferon production and the presence of a viral interferon inductor in the cells of the tolerant animal].experiments revealed parallelism between the duration of the main manifestations of the hyporeactivity phenomenon (tolerance) in interferon induction and the duration of detection of a masked infection with the inducer virus (newcastle disease virus) in peritoneal exudate cells of tolerant mice. it was also shown that after contact of chick fibroblasts with a dose of interferon which completely inhibited replication of vesicular stomatitis virus infecting the cells this virus was found in the ce ...1977898897
[chronic cell culture infection with the rabies virus].three cell cultures chronically infected with fixed rabies virus, strain mniivp-74, have been obtained: hep-2/2, bhk/13s, and rk-13. in the former two cultures, the infectious virus titers were 2.0 to 5.25 ig ld50/ml. in rk-13 cells, traces of the infectious virus were found. in the chronically infected hep-2/2 culture the maximum amount of the antigen-containing cells determined by the fluorescent antibody procedure was 60% and in bhk/13s 80%. chronically infected cultures had a reduced growth ...1977337676
membrane asymmetry.the components of biological membranes are asymmetrically distributed between the membrane surfaces. proteins are absolutely asymmetrical in that every copy of a polypeptide chain has the same orientation in the membrane, and lipids are nonabsolutely asymmetrical in that almost every type of lipid is present on both sides of the bilayer, but in different and highly variable amounts. asymmetry is maintained by lack of transmembrane diffusion. two types of membrane proteins, called ectoproteins an ...1977402030
virion rna polymerases of two salmonid rhabdoviruses.rna-dependent rna polymerases were found to be associated with two salmonid rhabdoviruses: infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) virus and the virus of hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs). the protein composition of these rhabdoviruses closely resembles that of rabies virus rather than that of vesicular stomatitis virus (mcallister and wagner, 1975). the optimal temperature for in vitro transcription was found to be approximately 18 degrees c for ihn virus and approximately 15 degrees for vhs,, close ...1977559780
potential role of amphotericin b methyl ester in the prevention and therapy of herpetic keratitis.amphotericin b methyl ester (ame), a semisynthetic derivative of amphotericin b, was studied in the rabbit cornea for its potential role in prevention and therapy of hsv, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. it was effective in the prevention of lesion formation by these three viruses and dose-related antiviral effects were shown. of these viruses hsv was the most sensitive to ame. the antiviral effect of ame was additive with those of idu and ribavirin. however, it was not effective ...1977205016
membrane assembly: synthesis and intracellular processing of the vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein.the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes. approximately 30 min after its synthesis, it reaches the surface plasma membrane where it is incorporated into budding virus. the first part of this paper focuses on the 2 intracellular, membrane-bound, glycosylated forms of the glycoprotein which are intermediates in its biogenesis. all glycosylation and processing is completed in the smooth microsome fraction before the protein reaches the ...1977211348
comparative studies on cytopathic effects induced by vesicular stomatitis virus in two cell types.infection of mouse l cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) leads to an extensive cell fusion, while porcine kidney stable (ps) cells infected with vsv show only cell rounding. therefore, comparative morphological studies on the infection of the two cell lines were carried out using a transmission or scanning electron microscope and an immunofluorescence microscope. ps cells infected with vsv contrasted to l cells infected with the same virus in the following two points; (1) the principal s ...1977205763
susceptibility and serological response of cattle, pigs, horses and goats to indiana2 and indiana3 strains of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1977220637
selective viral immunosuppression of the graft-versus-host reaction.graft-vs.-host (gvh) reactivity of parental lymph node (ln) cells was assayed by measurements of 3h-thymidine incorporation in vivo in spleens of irradiated f1 recipients. preincubation of parental ln cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) for 2 h at 37 degrees c followed by washing resulted in an 85-90% reduction in splenic radioactivity, as did injection of vsv on days 0-2 after recipients received untreated parental ln cells. in contrast, 3h-thymidine incorporation in the spleens or irra ...197745590
(s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine: an aliphatic nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity.(s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several dna and rna viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. it is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.1978205946
persistent infection. i interferon-inducing defective-interfering particles as mediators of cell sparing: possible role in persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. 1978206002
prolonged infection of l cells with vesicular stomatitis virus. defective interfering forms and temperature-sensitive mutants as factors in the infection. 1978206006
isolation of possible replicative intermediate structures from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells. 1978206007
shope fibroma virus-induced facilitation of vesicular stomatitis virus adsorption and replication in nonpermissive cells. 1978206013
antiviral effects of amphotericin b methyl ester.the methyl ester of amphotericin b (ame) is water soluble, retains antifungal activity, and is significantly less toxic in mammals than amphotericin b. in contrast to amphotericin b, which is not water soluble, ame exhibits antiviral effects against vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, sindbis virus, and vaccinia virus in a plaque reduction assay. no antiviral effects could be demonstrated against the unenveloped adenovirus type 4 or echovirus type 11. the extent of vi ...1978206201
effect of amphotericin b methyl ester on vesicular stomatitis virus morphology.the water-soluble methyl ester of amphotericin b inactivates vesicular stomatitis virus in association with morphological alterations of the envelope.1978206202
reversal by certain polyanions of an endogenous inhibitor of the vesicular stomatitis virus-associated transcriptase.the rna-dependent rna polymerase associated with vesicular stomatitis virus has been found to be markedly inhibited at high concentrations of virus. this endogenous inhibitor of the virion transcriptase was completely reversed by the action of two negatively charged polyamino acids: poly(l-glutamic acid) and pepsin (ec 3.4.23.1). two other polyanions, heparin and polyethylene sulfonate, strongly inhibited the activity of the virion transcriptase even at low virus concentrations. poly (l-glutamic ...1978206538
assembly of viral membranes: nature of the association of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins to membranes.to explore the interaction of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) proteins with cellular membranes, we have isolated membranes from infected cells that have been radioactively pulse-labeled. we have found conditions of isolation that result in membrane preparation which contain primarily the vsv membrane protein (m) and glycoprotein (g). both of these proteins are very firmly attached to membranes: conditions known to release peripherally associated membrane proteins from membranes (s. razin, bioch ...1978206719
in vitro rna transcription by the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. i. characterization of the mrna species.the in vitro rna synthesis by the virion-associated rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), new jersey serotype, was compared with that of the serologically distinct indiana serotype of vsv. the new jersey serotype of vsv synthesized five distinct mrna species in vitro, three of which were smaller than the corresponding species synthesized by the indiana serotype of vsv. these included the mrna's coding for the g, m, and ns proteins. by hybridization experiments, virtually no sequenc ...1978206724
in vitro rna transcription by the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. ii. characterization of the leader rna.the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was able to synthesize a small rna (leader rna) approximately 70 bases in length similar to the leader rna synthesized in vitro by the genetically distinct indiana serotype of vsv. also, the new jersey leader rna contained the same 5'-terminal sequence, ppa-c-g, as the indiana leader rna and had a very similar base composition, with 42% amp, 16% cmp, 18.6% gmp, and 23.4% ump. the 3'-terminal sequence of the vsv new jersey genome rna was ...1978206725
specific changes in the oligosaccharide moieties of vsv grown in different lectin-resistnat cho cells.the carbohydrate moieties of the g glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) grown in three distinct lectin-resistant (lecr) chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines have been compared by fine structural analysis of radiolabeled glycopeptides. the mutant wgariii, selected for resistance to wheat germ agglutinin (wga), produces vsv containing g glycoprotein specifically lacking in sialic acid. the mutant phari, selected for resistance to phytohemagglutinin (pha) and previously shown to lack ...1978207434
synthesis and infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus containing nonglycosylated g protein.the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is inhibited by tunicamycin (tm), an antibiotic that blocks the formation of n-acetylglucosaminelipid intermediates. we had shown previously that the viral glycoprotein (g) synthesized in cells treated with tm is not glycosylated and is not found on the outer surface of the cell plasma membrane. in this report, we shown that cells exposed to tm produce a low yield of infectious particles. the yield is increased when the temperature during infec ...1978207437
lipid organization of the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1978207703
evidence against the role of k+ in the shut-off of protein synthesis by vesicular stomatitis virus.intracellular k+ ion concentration and transport were measured in l cells infected with wild type vsv, which rapidly inhibits total protein synthesis in infected cells, and with a mutant, ri, defective in this function. no alterations in intracellular k+ ion concentration or transport were observed until late in infection and the late changes seen were similar for both viruses. thus the inhibition of total protein synthesis by vsv cannot be ascribed to virus induced changes in host k+ ion concen ...1978207821
inhibition of translation by poliovirus: inactivation of a specific initiation factor.translation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrna, like host mrna translation, is inhibited in cells infected with poliovirus. to study the mechanism of poliovirus-induced inhibition of protein synthesis, we prepared extracts from poliovirus-infected and uninfected hela cells. poliovirus mrna was translated in lysates from both infected and uninfected cells, while vsv mrna was translated only in the lysate from uninfected cells. addition of purified translation initiation factors to the extra ...1978208073
host range restriction of vesicular stomatitis virus on duck embryo cells. 1978208241
aggregation and thermolability of some group v (g protein) and group iii (m protein) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1978208269
rescue at nonpermissive temperature of complementation group ii temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus by uv-irradiated vsv. 1978208272
factors which influence inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus by fresh human serum. 1978208281
in vitro synthesis of a possible precursor rna by purified vesicular stomatitis virus. 1978208572
asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acyl chains in the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus.the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) contains two distinct pools of phosphatidylethanolamine molecules which reside in the inner and outer phospholipid monolayers, respectively. 36% of the total membrane phosphatidylethanolamine is found in the outer monolayer while 64% is found in the inner. the two pools of vsv phosphatidylethanolamine can be distinguished operationally by the fact that only outer phosphatidylethanolamine is reactive in intact virions with the membrane-impermeable ...1978208607
complete sequences of the ribosome recognition sites in vesicular stomatitis virus mrnas: recognition by the 40s and 80s complexes.nucleotide sequences of the ribosome-protected translation initiation sites from the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) m and l protein mrnas have been determined, completing the sequences of the sites from all the vsv mrnas. a low level of protection at two internal aug-containing sites in the n mrna is also described. small homologies are evident among some of the sites, but there are no obvious features common to all the sites other than a single aug codon. in contrast, a large homology between ...1978208778
carbohydrate structure of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. 1978209045
isolation of the envelope of vesicular stomatitis virus.vesicular stomatitis virus was disrupted by a combination of freezing and thawing, osmotic shock, and sonic treatment. subviral components were separated by isopycnic centrifugation. the low-density, lipid-rich fractions were pooled and shown to contain primarily viral glycoprotein. further purification of this material resulted in the isolation of a preparation of vesicles which contained only the g protein and the same phospholipids as in the intact virions and exhibited spikelike structures s ...1978209217
detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (murine leukemia virus) pseudotypes by immunoelectron microscopy. 1978209619
[formation of pseudotypes of vsv after culture in a human melanoma].electron microscope studies showed a high production of melanosomes and viral particles budding into the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in cells derived from a subcutaneous metastasis. the history of this subline (hm6b-a) has been summarized elsewhere. an amelanotic subline (provided by the same patient) did not show similar virus particles. when infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) thermolabile mutant (tl), these cells produced a vsv pseudotype in which a thermosensitive ant ...1978209712
target antigens for h-2-restricted vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic t cells.cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes from mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) are h-2 restricted and virus specific for the indiana and new jersey strains of vsv. vsv-indiana-immune t cells can lyse target cells infected with the temperature sensitive (ts) mutant ts 045 about 30 times better when target cell infection occurs at the permissive rather than the non-permissive temperature. since this mutant fails to express the glycoprotein at the cell surface when grown at the nonpe ...1978210232
nucleotide sequence homology at the 3' termini of rna from vesicular stomatitis virus and its defective interfering particles.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and defective interfering (di) particle rnas were labeled at their 3' ends by using rna ligase and cytidine 3',5'-bis[32p]phosphate. the rnas were subjected to partial digestion with alkali and analyzed by oligonucleotide fingerprinting in two dimensions. vsv and di particle rnas have complete sequence homology for the first eight bases from the 3' end. the following four positions contain three mismatched nucleotides in which guanosine residues in one strand are ...1978210454
proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. iv. a comparison of tryptic peptides of the vesicular stomatitis group of rhabdoviruses. 1978210582
antiviral activity in interferon-treated bovine tracheal organ cultures.the effect of bovine interferon on the replication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus in bovine tracheal organ cultures was studied. after treatment of tracheal organ cultures with interferon, inhibition of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus replication was observed. this tracheal organ system may be useful in determining the in vivo response to interferon for viral infections of the bovine respiratory tract.1978211089
replication of herpesviruses in human cells transformed by cytomegalovirus.the replication of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) was studied in three human embryo cell lines (cmv-mj-hel-i, cmv-mj-hel-2, and cmv-mj-hel-2,t-i) transformed in vitro by human cmv. growth studies revealed that these cells were completely resistant to infection by cmv strains adi69 and mj and partially resistant to hsv types i and 2. neither virus dna nor virus proteins were synthesized in the transformed cells infected with cmv ad169. the hsv production in cmv-transfo ...1978211187
interaction of vesicular stomatitis virus with lipid vesicles: depletion of cholesterol and effect on virion membrane fluidity and infectivity.interaction with excess unilamellar phosphatidylcholine (pc) vesicles resulted in depletion of as much as 90% of the cholesterol from the membrane of intact vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus. the cholesterol depletion was not significantly influenced by the proteolytic removal of virion glycoprotein spikes, but it was temperature dependent. cholesterol depletion caused substantial reduction in anisotropy of the vs virion membrane as measured by fluorescence depolarization of the lipophilic probe 1 ...1978211263
shedding of the glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells.in a culture of chinese hamster ovary cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, there is specific shedding of viral antigens into the medium. this shedding appears to be unrelated to progeny formation or to cell lysis. although all five of the virus-specific proteins are detected in the extracellular soluble fraction, the major antigen is the gs protein. this protein has a molecular weight of 54,000. indirect analysis of the content of sialic acid as well as peptide analysis of the gs and ...1978211264
in situ cross-linking of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins with reversible agents. 1978211712
the complete sequence of a unique rna species synthesized by a di particle of vsv.the 2s rna synthesized in vitro by the rna polymerase of a defective interfering (di) particle of vesicular stomatitis virus was labeled at its 3' terminus with 32p-cytidine 3', 5' bisphosphate and rna ligase. analysis of the labeled rna showed that it was a family of rnas of different length but all sharing the same 5' terminal sequence. the largest labeled rna was purified by gel electrophoresis, and the sequence of 41 of its 46 nucleotides was determined by rapid rna sequencing methods. the a ...1978212197
complete nucleotide sequence of the leader rna synthesized in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus.the complete nucleotide sequence of the leader rna synthesized in vitro by the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus is presented. the sequence was determined by the technique described by donis-keller, maxam and gilbert (1977) in combination with the standard two-dimensional fingerprint techniques described by barrell (1971). the leader rna contains 48 nucleotides variably terminating at the 3' terminus with cytosine (68%) and adenosine at position 47 (32%). since the leader rna is com ...1978212201
the synthesis of complex-type oligosaccharides. i. structure of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of the complex-type oligosaccharides of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein.the synthesis of the complex-type oligosaccharide unit of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein is initiated by the en bloc transfer of a high molecular weight oligosaccharide from a lipid carrier to the nascent polypeptide. following transfer the oligosaccharide is "processed" by removal of glucose and mannose residues and the sugars that constitute the outer branches of the complex-type oligosaccharide are added. the structure of the oligosaccharide moiety of the lipid-linked precursor has ...1978212434
the synthesis of complex-type oligosaccharides. ii. characterization of the processing intermediates in the synthesis of the complex oligosaccharide units of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein. 1978212435
antibody-independent neutralization of vesicular stomatitis virus by human complement. i. complement requirements. 1978212482
assignment of the receptor for ecotropic murine leukemia virus to mouse chromosome 5.the gene for the receptor for ecotropic murine leukemia virus (rev) has been assigned to mouse chromosome 5. this determination was made possible by an analysis of somatic cell hybrids between mouse and chinese hamster cells. the parents of these hybrids were a/hej or mus poschiavinus peritoneal exudate cells or balb/c primary embryo fibroblasts and e36, a chinese hamster lung fibroblast deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. segregation of mouse chromosomes in these hybrid ...1978212501
virus-replicating t cells in the immune response of mice. ii. characterization of t cells capable of replicating vesicular stomatitis virus.immunocytological properties of the splenic t cell (tv) which develop into virus plaque-forming cells in response to the antigenic challenge in vitro were investigated in relation to the properties of helper t cells and suppressor t cells in antibody response. tv was observed in spleen around 1 wk after the intravenous injection of mice with 10(7) sheep erythrocytes. this contrasted with the finding that both helper t cells and suppressor t cells developed as early as 3 days after the immunizati ...1978212507
virus-replicating t cells in the immune response of mice. iii. role of vesicular stomatitis virus-replicating t cells in the antibody response.the functional role of the t cell (tv) which can replicate vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on activation by the antigen was investigated in antibody response in vitro. by the inoculation of vsv into the culture, marked augmentation of antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (srbc) was observed in the culture of spleen cells taken more than 3 days after the immunization with srbc, suggesting that the vsv-susceptible suppressor cells were included in these spleen cells and the activity was elimin ...1978212508
rebinding of transcriptase components (l and ns proteins) to the nucleocapsid template of vesicular stomatitis virus.the l and ns proteins of vesicular stomatitis virions (new jersey serotype) were solubilized with triton x-100 and high-salt buffer and recombined with purified nucleocapsids under conditions similar to those used to reconstitute transcriptase activity in vitro. the nucleocapsid-bound l and ns proteins were separated from unbound proteins on a glycerol gradient. the rebinding of l and ns proteins mimics the in vivo binding in that at saturation the ratio of l and ns molecules to n molecules is a ...1978212581
specificity of interferon action in protein synthesis.inhibitors of elongation steps in protein synthesis such as cycloheximide and anisomycin mimic interferon treatment in that they specifically inhibit the synthesis of certain viral proteins. these specific effects are seen only at very low concentrations of the antibiotics, under conditions where host cellular protein synthesis, as well as cell viability, are not severely reduced. a qualitatively as well as quantitatively close correlation between the effects of the two types of agents has been ...1978212587
assembly of viral membranes: maturation of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in the presence of tunicamycin.the role of glycosylation in the maturation of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein was studied by use of the antibiotic tunicamycin. tunicamycin-treated vsv-infected cells synthesize an unglycosylated form of the vsv glycoprotein (r. leavitt, s. schlesinger, and s. kornfeld, j. virol. 21:375--385, 1977). we have found that tunicamycin has no effect on the attachment of the glycoprotein to intracellular membranes or on the transport of protein to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticul ...1978212608
persistent infection of l cells with vesicular stomatitis virus: evolution of virus populations.a previous report (youngner et al., j. virol. 19:90-101, 1976) documented that noncytocidal persistent infection can be established with wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in mouse l cells at 37 degrees c and that a rapid selection of rna(-), group i temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants consistently occurs in this system. to assess the selective advantage of the rna(-)ts phenotype, evolution of the virus population was studied in persistent infections initiated in l cells by use of vsv ts ...1978212614
transmembrane movement and distribution of cholesterol in the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus.the transmembrane movement and distribution of cholesterol in the vesicular stomatitis virus membrane were studied by following the depletion of cholesterol from virions to interacting phospholipid vesicles and by exchange of radiolabeled cholesterol between virions and phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles. the kinetics of the cholesterol exchange or depletion reactions revealed the presence of two exponential rates: a rapid rate, dependent on the vesicle to virus ratio, and a slower rate, independ ...1978213106
lipids with photosensitive groups as chemical probes for the structural analysis of biological membranes. on the localization of the g- and m-protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1978213365
resistance of visna virus to interferon.visna is a slow infection of sheep caused by a retrovirus. the persistence of virus despite the immune response of the host is best explained by restricted genetic expression of the virus and consequently prolonged periods of residence inside cells. the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the restriction in genetic expression of visna virus is mediated by interferon. sheep interferon induced by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid in fetal lambs inhibited the growth of herp ...1978213502
effect of serum on the antiviral and anticellular activities of mouse interferon.fetal bovine serum markedly decreased the ability of mouse l-929 interferon preparations to inhibit the formation of l-929 clones, but did not affect their ability to inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) plaque formation in these cells. this dissociation of effects by interferon preparations indicates that: 1. the mechanism of action of interferon for its anticlonal antiviral activities is different; or 2. the molecule responsible for the anticlonal activity is a separate growth inhibitory f ...1978205196
size distributions of vesicular stomatitis virus-specific polysomes. 1978205627
synthesis of as-triazines as potential antiviral agents.four acenaphtho[1,2-e]-as-triazines and 11 5,6-diaryl-as-triazines, all substituted with an aliphatic or aromatic amino function in the 3-position, were synthesized. two acenaphthotriazines were active against vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture.1978205646
inhibition of rna synthesis in mouse myeloma cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.infection of mouse myeloma cells (mpc-11) with vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus resulted in rapid and marked reduction in cellular rna synthesis considerably before cell viability was compromised. mouse myeloma cells responded maximally to viral infection at a multiplicity of 1 and were considerably more se;sitive to shut-off of rna synthesis than were mouse l cells or bhk-21 cells. this inhibition of cellular rna synthesis was shown not to be caused by differential membrane permeability of infec ...1978205671
sequence of a rna templated by the 3'-oh rna terminus of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.we have sequenced the endogenous rna polymerase product produced by disrupted purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles by using the newer one-dimensional rapid gel sequencing techniques and confirming this with a modified two-dimensional gel vectoring technique. the sequence of this 46-nucleotide rna is: 5'(pp)pacgaagaccacaaaacca-gauaaaaaauaaaaaccacaagaggg(u)coh3'. we infer that this sequence is identical to the sequence at the 5' end of infectious vesicular ...1978216996
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by frog virus 3. selective action on secondary transcription. 1978213882
length of glycoprotein spikes of vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus, measured in situ using quasi elastic light scattering and a resistive-pulse technique. 1978213892
coinfection with a rhabdovirus: vesicular stomatitis virus of indiana and new-jersey serotypes.coinfection of cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of indiana and new-jersey serotypes were performed. thermosensitive mutants (ts) of vsv indiana and the wild type strain (+) of new-jersey were used. harvests and titrations were made at permissive(pt) and nonpermissive (npt) temperatures. it was shown that the harvest was mainly composed of one parental-like infectious particles. the dominance of one serotype over the other was shown to be a function of the relative multiplicity of the ...1978214003
antiviral activity of intranasally applied human leukocyte interferon.previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the development of antiviral activity of human leukocyte interferon (if) in nasal epithelial cells is time and concentration dependent and that the loss of intranasally applied human leukocyte if is rapid. the present studies compared the activity of if applied intranasally either by nasal drops or by a saturated cotton pledget. adult volunteers had if applied to an area of nasal mucosa (2 by 2 cm(2)) either by repeated nose drops or by a ...1978214028
intervening polyadenylate sequences in rna transcripts of vesicular stomatitis virus.purified and partially resolved vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) messenger rna has been annealed to the vsv genomic rna and visualized in the electron microscope under conditions in which duplex regions have a wider image width than single-stranded rna. the locations of the intercistronic boundaries between the messages have been mapped on the vsv genome. the contour of the double-stranded regions is occasionally interrupted by looped-out single-stranded rna. the loops are comprised of post tran ...1978214245
the tdce and hrce phenotypes: host range mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus in which polymerase function is affected. 1978214246
a signal sequence for the insertion of a transmembrane glycoprotein. similarities to the signals of secretory proteins in primary structure and function.the biosynthesis of a secretory protein and a transmembrane viral glycoprotein are compared by two different experimental approaches. (a) nh2-terminal sequence analysis has been performed on various forms of the transmembrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus synthesized in cell-free systems. the sequence data presented demonstrate that the nascent precursor of the glycoprotein contains a "signal sequence" of 16 amino acids at the nh2 terminus, whose sequence is met-lys-cys-leu-leu-tyr- ...1978214427
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