Publications

the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype indiana, in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. i. intrathoracic injection.	analysis of infectious virus particles after intrathoracic injection revealed that aedes aegypti mosquito tissues are capable of supporting the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), serotype indiana. although all tissues assayed (salivary gland, midgut, diverticulum, malphigian tubules, and ovary) were capable of supporting vsv growth, the salivary gland was the only organ capable of maintaining an appreciable amount of virus for periods longer than 9 days postinfection. electron microscop ...	1976	176893
effect of ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate on encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in mice.	ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate (hpa 23) protected micr partially or completely against two strains of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and one strain of vesicular stomatitis (vsv) virus. the best protective effect was obtained with emc strain vr 129 and vsv when a single i.p. injection of hpa 23 was administered shortly before virus inoculation. mice protected by hpa 23 against emc strain vr129 had virus titres in the blood and brain similar to those in untreated mice. a synergism between inte ...	1976	177729
in vivo methylation of vesicular stomatitis virus and its host-cell messenger rna species.		1976	178093
cross-linked double-stranded rna from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle.		1976	178094
3'-terminal sequence of vesicular stomatitis virus genome rna.		1976	178307
determination of molar ratios of vesicular stomatitis virus induced rna species in bhk21 cells.	a modified procedure for analysis of rna in denaturing formamide-polyacrylamide slab gels containing 6 m urea is described. using this technique, in conjucntion with fluorographic analysis, we determined molecular weights and molar ratios of the various vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) induced rnas in bhk21 cells. a comparison of the molar ratios of virus-specific mrhas and their putative protein products in these cells suggests that there is little, if any, translational control of viral gene e ...	1976	178352
vesicular stomatitis virus: structure and function of virion components.		1976	178479
characterization of a virion protein kinase as a virus-specified enzyme.	antibodies which completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of the protein kinase associated with virions of frog virus were obtained by immunization of rabbits with the purified enzyme. this inhibition provided a specific probe for the frog virus protein kinase, since this antiserum had no inhibitory effect on a variety of other protein kinases, including the activity of uninfected cells, or the protein kinase associated with vesicular stomatitis virus or vaccinia virus cultivated in the same ...	1976	178663
assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein and matrix protein into hela cell plasma membranes.		1976	178880
inhibition of pseudorabies virus replication by vesicular stomicles virus i. activity of infectious and inactivated b particles.	infectious b particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) are capable of inhibiting the replication of pseudorabies virus (psr) in a variety of cell lines. even under conditions of an abortive infection in a continuous line of rabbit cornea cells (rc-6o), b particles interfere with the replication of psr with high efficiency. particle per cell dose-response analysis of b particle populations revealed that the number of vsv particles capable of inhibiting psr replication exceeds the number of pf ...	1976	178894
inhibition of pseudorabies virus replication by vesicular stomatitis virus. ii activity of defective interfering particles.	purified defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) inhibit the replication of a heterologous virus, pseudorabies virus (psr), in hamster (bhk-21) and rabbit (rc-60) cell lines. in contrast to infectious b particles of vsv, uv irradiation of di particles does not reduce their ability to inhibit psr replication. however, uv irradiation progressively reduces the ability of di particles to cause homologous interference with b particle replication. pretreatment with int ...	1976	178895
differential inhibition of host protein synthesis in l cells infected with rna - temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.	the response of mouse l cells to infection with wild-type (wt) and temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to delineate the synthesis of host cell and viral proteins. experiments utilized transcriptase mutants of complementation group i (ts114 and ts13), a group iv mutant (ts44) that is restricted in total rna synthesis (rna-1) but not in primary transcription, and a group ii mutant (ts52) variabl ...	1976	178896
rna- temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus: l-protein thermosensitivity accounts for transcriptase restriction of group i mutants.	in vitro transcriptase activity of three group i temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus restricted at 39 c was restored by l-protein fractions derived from wild-type (wt) vesicular stomatitis virion nucleo-capsids. soluble ns protein from wt nucleocapsids did not reconstitute restricted transcriptions of the group i rna-ts mutants. ns protein activity, but not l protein activity, was purified from the group i ts mutants; this ns fraction always displayed the wt phenotyp ...	1976	178900
sequential transcription of the genes of vesicular stomatitis virus.	increasing exposure of vesicular stomatitis virus particles to ultraviolet radiation caused differential inhibition of the synthesis in vitro of individual mrna species which code for the viral structural proteins l, g, m, ns, and n.	1976	179088
control of vesicular stomatitis virus protein synthesis.		1976	179201
effect of membrane protein on lipid bilayer structure: a spin-label electron spin resonance study of vesicular stomatitis virus.	spin-label electron spin resonance (esr) methods have been used to study the structure of the envelope of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the data indicate that the lipid is organized in a bilayer structure. proteolytic digestion of the glycoproteins which are the spike-like projections on the outer surface of the virus particle increases the fluidity of the lipid bilayer. since the lipid composition of the virion reflects the composition of the host plasma membrane and the protein composition ...	1976	179567
further studies on the relative antiviral efficacies of interferons induced by poly i:c and mengo virus.	mouse serum interferons induced by polyi:c, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), reovirus, and mengo virus were assayed in monolayers of mouse l-929 cells by the plaque-reduction method using both vsv and mengo as challenge viruses. titers obtained with mengo virus as challenge were all lower than with vsv. with the interferons induced by vsv, reovirus, and ployi:c, the reductions were of the order of two- to three-fold. with mengo virus-induced interferon the reduction was much greater (about 17-f ...	1976	179687
comparison of central nervous system disease produced by wild-type and temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.	the pathogenicity of infection produced following intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) or temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vsv was compared. ts mutants used were ts 31 (vsv complementation group ii) and ts 41 (vsv complementation group iv). the i.c. injection of wild-type vsv in weanling swiss mice produced a rapidly fatal encephalitis with death of mice in 2 to 3 days. histopathologically, such mice exhibited minimal changes of encephalitis on ligh ...	1976	179953
function and structure of rna polymerase from vesicular stomatitis virus.	the rna-dependent rna polymerase associated with vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated to apparent homogeneity by a newly developed procedure, which includes stepwise removal of proteins from virions by successive treatment with high concentrations of cesium sulfate and cesium chloride, followed by glycerol gradient centrifugation or chromatography on phosphocellulose or deae-sephadex column. the polymerase thus purified contained l (large protein) and ns proteins as the intrinsic subunits and ...	1976	180023
persistence of the viral genome in interferon-treated cells infected with oncogneic or nononcogenic viruses.	in akr mouse cells chronically infected with a murine leukemia virus, treatment with interferon for nine days resulted in sustained inhibition of extracellular production of murine leukemia virus but no inhibition of viral intracellular p30 antigen or of reverse transcriptase. removal of interferon resulted in rapid reversal of these effects. interferon-treated mouse l-cells were infected with high multiplicities of vesicular stomatitis virus or herpes simplex virus type 1. infectious virus and ...	1976	180209
human fibroblast and leukocyte interferons show different dose-response curves in assay of cell protection.	preparations of human fibroblast and leukocyte interferons of similar potency show markedly different dose-response curves in an assay which measures the degree of protection of tissue cultures against virus c.p.e. the effect is observed with both vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and mengovirus, and is not altered by purification of the interferons.	1976	180244
translation in vitro of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna lacking 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine.	the 5'-terminus 7-methylguanosine of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna is not essential for translation of the mrna. the 7-methylguanosine seems to have a mediating rather than an obligatory role in ribosome binding by the mrna and in mrna translation.	1976	180425
interactions of vesicular stomatitis virus with murine cell surface antigens.	the process of maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) results in the loss of 70% of the h-2k antigenic activity from l-cell plasma membranes. this phenomenon is also demonstrated during vsv infection of cells of the h-2d haplotype. using the method of inhibition of immune cytolysis, vsv-infected l5178y tissue culture cells and vsv-infected meth a fibrosarcoma cells grown in vivo show a loss of h-2d activity of 73 and 76%, respectively. using monospecific antisera, it is seen that vsv inf ...	1976	61285
identification of infectious virions which are vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes of murine type c virus.		1976	57669
the shape of vesicular stomatitis virus.		1976	58471
differential sensitivity of rauscher murine leukaemia virus (mulv-r) to interferons in two interferon-responsive cell lines.	the effect of interferon on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and type-c oncornavirus in two balb/c mouse cell lines, jls-v5 and jls-v9r, infected with mulv-r was examined. vsv replication was inhibited threefold (0-5 log10) in both cell lines by 10 to 20 units of interferon/ml. in jls-v5 cells c-type virus yields, as measured by 3h-uridine incorporation and reverse transcriptase activity, were also reduced threefold by 10 to 20 units of interferon/ml. however, in jls-v9r cells ...	1976	58965
reverse plaque formation by hog cholera virus of the gpe-strain inducing heterologous interference.	a simple and rapid plaque procedure was developed for the assay of hog cholera virus (hcv) of a particular strain, gpe-, based on its intrinsic interference with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on the primary swine testicle cells and on an established swine kidney cell line; the procedure is called the reverse plaque formation (rpf) method. the plaques were produced as colonies of hcv-infected cells which were vsv-sensitive, disintegrated cell sheet. these plaques became visible after 15 to 20 ...	1976	61176
diminished virucidal activity of kethoxal against vesicular stomatitis virus pretreated with guanidinating reagent and proteases.	the reactivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) with kethoxal can be appreciably altered by treatment with 1-guanyl-3, 5-dimethyl pyrazole nitrate (gdmp) and proteolytic enzymes. pretreatment of purified vsv with gdmp or proteolytic enzymes markedly reduced the effectiveness of kethoxal as a virucide. the rate of neutralizability of gdmp- and trypsin-treated viruses by specific antiserum differed from that of controls.	1976	5866
interfering activity of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains.	the interfering activity of influenza virus variants a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n202), a/victoria/35/72(h3n2-3), b/14/55 and b/ussr/69 differing in the level of their reactogenicity for adults and children was studied. an inverse relationship was established between reactogenicity of the strains and their interfering activity in the resistant chick embryo cell (cec) cultures. virulent strains did not interfere with vesicular stomatitis virus. vaccine strains used for commercial live influenza vaccine s ...	1976	9798
order of transcription of genes of vesicular stomatitis virus.	the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the expression of the genes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was studied in a cell-free system which executed coupled transcription and translation of the viral genes. in this system, which contained detergent-activated virus and a cytoplasmic extract of mouse l-cells, three of the five viral proteins (n, ns, and m) were synthesized accurately and efficiently; a putative precursor to the viral glycoprotein (g) was also made, but synthesis of the l protei ...	1976	174107
temperature-sensitive defect of vesicular stomatitis virus in complementation group ii.	the prototype member of the complementation group ii temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus, ts ii 052, has been investigated. in ts ii 052-infected hela cells at the restrictive temperature (39.5 degrees c), reduced viral rna synthesis was observed by comparison with infections conducted at the permissive temperature (30 degrees c). it was found that for an infection conducted at 39.5 degrees c, no 38s rna or intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids were present. for nucleocapsi ...	1977	15135
transcriptase activity associated with rabies virion.	rabies virion-associated transcriptase activity was investigated in vitro and compared with that of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. the concentration of detergent that affected 3hgmp incoporation into acid-insoluble material was significantly different for both viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey required 0.05 to 0.1% nonionic detergent, whereas rabies virion could not be fully activated unless 4 to 5% detergent was used. other optimal conditions were as follows ...	1977	22766
virus-replicating t cells in the immune response of mice. i. virus plaque assay of the lymphocytes reactive to sheep erythrocytes.	virus plaque-forming cell assay with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), which had been originally introduced by bloom and his colleagues as a tool for the enumeration of activated lymphocytes, was first applied to the immune response of mice to a widely used antigen, i.e. sheep red blood cells (srbc). when spleen cells taken from mice previously primed with srbc were cultured in the presence of the antigen, lymphocytes capable of replicating vsv (antigen-induced virus plaque-forming cells, ag-v-p ...	1977	64584
the use of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype production in the study of a temperature-sensitive murine leukemia virus.		1977	65826
pretreatment of hamster cells with phenethyl alcohol alters cell surface glycoproteins and inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus growth.	chinese hamster ovary cells cultured in the presence of phenethyl alcohol exhibit obvious changes in cell surface galactose and galactosamine glycoproteins as determined by the galactose-oxidase[3h]borohydride technique and sds gel electrophoresis. cells pretreated with phenethyl alcohol (drug was removed before infection) were not as effective as hosts for vesicular stomatitis virus as untreated cultures. a minimum pretreatment time with 0.1% phenethyl alcohol of about 8 h was required before a ...	1977	68807
human histocompatibility determinants and virus antigens: effect of measles virus infection on hla expression.	histocompatibility antigens on the surface of human lymphoblastoid cells were quantified by a microadsorption technique. during the course of measles virus infection, no quantitative or qualitations in surface hla antigens were observed. in contrast, infection with poliovirus type 1 or vesicular stomatitis virus, or treatment with puromycin (50 microgram/ml) resulted in a significant decrease in surface hla. these experiments suggest that an inhibition of host protein synthesis rather than the i ...	1977	68989
a possible effect of viral proteins on the specificity of interference by defective vesicular stomatitis virus particles.		1977	70105
vesicular stomatitis virus deficient in protein kinase is infectious.		1977	70378
sv40 tumor rejection induced by vesicular stomatitis virus bearing sv40 tumor-specific transplantation antigen (sv40-tsta). i. specificity of immunoprotection and effect of enzyme treatment on tsta activity.	highly purified vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was obtained from vsv-infected sv40-transformed hamster cell lines. immunization with this virus protected hamsters against challenge with sv40-transformed cells (tsv5-cl2). this protection was obtained regardless of the source of the sv40-transformed cells (e.g. cat, rat, hamster) used to produce vsv, and was therefore associated with the sv40 tumor-specific transplantation antigen (sv40-tsta). furthermore, when grown on spontaneously transformed ...	1977	71274
sv40 tumor rejection induced by vesicular stomatitis virus bearing sv40 tumor-specific transplantation antigen (sv40-tsta). ii. association of sv40-tsta activity with liposomes containing vsv glycolipids.	highly purified vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was obtained from vsv-infected sv40-transformed and from "normal" hamster cell lines. a glycolipid extract was prepared from these vsv preparations according to the folch partition procedure. these glycolipids were rendered immunogenic to the syrian hamsters when incorporated within liposomal membranes composed of lecithin/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (1/1/2 by weight). when the glycolipids were extracted from vsv grown on cell lines (tsv5-cl2 and eh ...	1977	71275
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus by kethoxal bis (thiosemicarbazone).	kethoxal bis (thiosemicarbazone) (kts) inhibited replication of, and plaque formation by, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in chick embryo cells. no other thiosemicarbazones tested were effective. virus-specific m-rna and protein synthesis were inhibited by kts. however, virion rna-dependent rna synthesis was not inhibited by the drug. treatment of vsv virions directly with kts produced enhancement, rather than inactivation, of plaque formation. kts inhibited cellular dna and rna synthesis by 67 ...	1977	72131
pseudotypes of avian sarcoma viruses with the envelope properties of vesicular stomatitis virus.		1977	190775
rna synthesis in standard and autointerfered vesicular stomatitis virus infections.		1977	190781
mapping and initiation studies on the leader rna of vesicular stomatitis virus.		1977	190783
action spectra for the rescue of temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus by ultraviolet-irradiated virions at nonpermissive temperature.		1977	190784
[effect of actinomyces rimosus ribonuclease on the reproduction of viruses].	antiviral activity of rna-ase isolated from the fermentation broth of actinomyces rimosus was studied. the effect of the enzyme on multiplication of the viruses of vesicular stomatitis, newcastle and cariolovaccine diseases was investigated. it was found that the enzyme was capable of suppressing reproduction of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in the culture of chick fibroblast cells. the suppression level directly depended on the enzyme concentration and decreased with an increase in the i ...	1977	190944
in vivo interference in vesicular stomatitis virus infection.	inactivated defective interfering and complete particles of vesicular stomatitis virus given intracerebrally to adult mice protect them against challenge with homologous virus whether this is given at the same time or several days later. two separate protective processes appear to be involved. the first, which comes into operation immediately after inoculation, is also effective against heterologous strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies (another rhabdovirus), and a neurotropic strain of ...	1977	191397
cell-free translation of rna synthesized in vitro by a transcribing nucleoprotein complex prepared from purified vesicular stomatitis virus.	the rna species synthesized in vitro by a transcribing nucleoprotein (tnp) complex of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were translated with high efficiency in a fractionated cell-free system derived from reticulocytes. the use of tnp complexes isolated from vsv indiana, vsv new jersey, and chandipura viruses showed that in each case the predominant polypeptides synthesized had electrophoretic mobilities identical to their virion n, ns, and m polypeptides in proportions reflecting those found in ...	1977	191633
rna synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. vii. complete separation of the mrna's of vesicular stomatitis virus by duplex formation.	full-length virion rna and complementary mrna's of vesicular stomatitis virus can be annealed to each other, digested with rnases, and then separated as five unique duplex rna molecules on polyacrylamide slab gels. similar rna duplexes were detected whether mrna or virion rna was the radioactive component and whether the mrna was synthesized in vitro or in vivo. the sharp banding pattern of these rna molecules was dependent on treatment with rnase t2, suggesting that removal of poly(a) is necess ...	1977	191636
characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna species synthesized in vitro.	the smallest size class of mrna (12s) synthesized in vitro by the virion-associated rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus contains two mrna species of similar molecular weight that code for the viral m and ns proteins. the resolution of these mrna species was achieved by converting them to duplexes by annealing with the genome rna, followed by rnase t2 treatment and separation in a polyacrylamide gel. using this separation technique, the mrna's were identified by comparing the relative re ...	1977	191637
localization of two cellular forms of the vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein.	two cell-associated forms of the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus, termed g1 and g2, have been resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. g1 has the higher electrophoretic mobility, but both forms migrate more slowly than g protein synthesized in a wheat germ cell-free system (g0), which presumably is the unglycosylated form. g1 is a kinetic precursor of the g2 form, and the apparent cause of the electrophoretic difference between the two species is the ...	1977	191639
separate pathways of maturation of the major structural proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus.	cell fractionation and protein electrophoresis were used to study the intracellular sites of synthesis and intermediate structures in the assembly of the virion proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. each of the three major virion proteins assembled into virions through a separable pathway. the nucleocapsid (n) protein was first a soluble protein and later incorporated into free, cytoplasmic nucleocapsids. a small amount of n protein was bound to membranes at later times, presumably representin ...	1977	191640
analysis of the defects of temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus: intracellular degradation of specific viral proteins.	the metabolism of viral rna and proteins has been studied in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutant strains of vesicular stomatitis virus. certain viral proteins encoded by the mutant strains, usually the putative mutant protein for the assigned complementation group, were shown to be degraded more rapidly at the nonpermissive temperature than were the wild-type proteins. group iii mutants (tsg33, tsm301) encode m proteins which are degraded three- to fourfold faster than the wild-type ...	1977	191641
maturation of viral proteins in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.	maturation of viral proteins in cells infected with mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus was studied by surface iodination and cell fractionation. the movement of g, m, and n proteins to the virion bud appeared to be interdependent. mutations thought to be in g protein prevented its migration to the cell surface, allowed neither m nor n protein to become membrane bound, and blocked formation of viral particles. mutant g protein appeared not to leave the endoplasmic reticulum at the nonpermissiv ...	1977	191642
pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus with the mixed coat of reticuloendotheliosis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.	vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) forms pseudotypes with envelope components of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the vsv pseudotype possesses the limited host range and antigenic properties of rev. approximately 70% of the vsv, indiana serotype, and 45% of vsv, new jersey serotype, produced from the rev strain t-transformed chicken bone marrow cells contain mixed envelope components of both vsv and rev. vsv pseudotypes with mixed envelope antigens can be neutralized with excess amounts of eithe ...	1977	191647
mechanism of restriction of ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses and formation of pseudotypes between the two viruses.	ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses (mulv's) constitute separate interference groups; within each group there is cross-interference, but between the groups there is no detectable interference. interference is manifest against pseudotypes in which the vesicular stomatitis virus genome is contained within the coat of one of the murine leukemia viruses. the pseudotypes display the cell specificity of the leukemia viruses: pseudotypes with an ecotropic mulv coat infect mouse cells but n ...	1977	191655
isfahan virus, a new vesiculovirus infecting humans, gerbils, and sandflies in iran.	the characteristics and ecology of isfahan virus, a new vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype, are described. two strains of the agent were isolated from pools of phlebotomus papatasi collected in iran in 1975. its animal pathogenicity, growth rate, cytopathic effect, and plaque morphology are similar to those of the other vsv serotypes. electron microscopic examination of the virus demonstrated a bullet shape, the presence of truncated particles and maturation at plasma membranes. antigenic ...	1977	192094
[antiviral activity of preparations of rna isolated from cells treated with interferon (messenger rna for an antiviral protein?)].	chick embryo cultures treated with interferon yielded a biologically active rna which, upon inoculation into chick embryo cells, created an antiviral condition in them. the level of vesicular stomatitis virus reproduction in such cells was 2-30% of that observed in the cells treated with control rna. the maximum activity of the experimental rna was seen 3 hours after the treatment with interferon.	1977	192394
role of sialic acid in infection with vesicular stomatitis virus.	the role of sialic acid in the infection of tissue culture cells and mice with vesicular stomatitis virus has been studied. no loss of infectivity of the indiana serotype of the virus was detected by incubating with neuraminidase although the virus particles had lost sialic acid as judged by their ability to inhibit the agglutination of red blood cells by influenza virus. the results did not depend on the type of cell used for growth and assay of the virus since essentially similar findings were ...	1977	192844
characterization of the 3' terminus of rna isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus and from its defective interfering particles.	the 3' termini of rna from vesicular stomatitis virus and from three widely dissimilar defective interfering particles of the virus are pypgpu-oh. the possible relevance of these findings to autointerference and to replication of vesicular stomatitis virus is discussed.	1977	193096
synthesis and glycosylation in vitro of glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.	coupling of ribonucleoprotein particles from l cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus to a pre-incubated ribosomal system obtained from uninfected hela cells allowed synthesis of two proteins. g1 (molecular weight 63,000) and g2 (molecular weight 67,000), and all other proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus except the spike protein g (molecular weight 69,000). analyses of the tryptic peptides showed that g1, g2, and g had identical peptide sequences. the synthesis of g2 required the pres ...	1977	193104
interference and rna homologies of new jersey serotype isolates vesicular stomatitis virus and their defective particles.		1977	193250
expression of genetic information contained in the rna of a defective interfering particle of vesicular stomatitis virus.		1977	193253
the 5' terminal nucleotide of rna from vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles.		1977	193268
susceptibility of clinical isolates of cytomegalovirus to human interferon.	human cell culture-derived interferon was shown to inhibit human cytomegalovirus in vitro. a prototype strain, davis, and six clinical isolates of cytomegalovirus were tested. all six isolates showed uniform susceptibility to interferon, exceeding that of the davis strain by two- to fourfold. the latter virus was found to be 32 to 4 times less susceptible than the sensitive indicator, vesicular stomatitis virus. however, the laboratory finding of susceptibility to an antiviral material may not r ...	1977	193440
temperature-dependent host range mutation in vesicular stomatitis virus affecting polypeptide l.	we established previously that the temperature-dependent host range mutant, td ce 3, of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) new jersey possesses temperature-sensitive rna transcriptase activity. in this paper, we describe dissociation and reconstitution experiments designed to determine which vsv polypeptide is affected by the td ce 3 mutation. wild-type vsv new jersey (ts+), the temperature-dependent host range mutant (td ce 3), and the revertant of this mutant (td ce/r1) were used. transcribing n ...	1977	194060
spatial relationships of the proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus: induction of reversible oligomers by cleavable protein cross-linkers and oxidation.	to delineate the proximity and spatial arrangement of the major structural proteins of intact vesicular stomatitis (vs) virions, protein complexes formed by oxidation or by bivalent cross-linkers were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels. h2o2 oxidation of vs virions produced an n-polypeptide dimer (molecular weight, approximately equal to 110,000) on a first dimension gel that could be reduced to n monomers (molecular weight, approximately equal to 50,000). pr ...	1977	194063
defective interfering particles with covalently linked [+/-]rna induce interferon.	defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus which contain covalently linked complementary [+]message and [-]anti-message rna as a single-stranded ribonucleoprotein complex within the particle, are extremely efficient inducers of interferon. a single particle can induce a quantum yield of interferon. a single molecule of double-stranded rna presumed to form, at least in part, on entry into the cell is thought to induce interferon synthesis. conventional [-]rna di particles ...	1977	194158
in vitro synthesis of messenger rna by a defective interfering particle of vesicular stomatitis virus.	a defective interfering particle derived from the heat-resistant strain of vesicular stomatitis virus was analyzed for the presence of virion-associated rna polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:rna nucleotidyltransferase, ec 2.7.7.6) activtiy. the rna synthesizing capacity of the defective particles in vitro was similar to that of the wild-type virus. characterization of the rna produced in vitro indicated that the defective particles were able to synthesize vesicular stomatitis virus leader rna a ...	1977	194241
partial structural analysis of the oligosaccharide moieties of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein by sequential chemical and enzymatic degradation.		1977	194394
cell killing by viruses. iv. cell killing and protein synthesis inhibition by vesicular stomatitis virus require the same gene functions.		1977	194405
interferon production and response to exogenous interferon in two cell lines of mouse brain origin persistently infected with sendai virus.	two persistently infected cell lines established from c3h mouse brain cells infected in vivo with sendai virus were shown to differ with respect to interferon (if) production and response to exogenous if. mb/sen carrier cells contained 1-5 per cent antigen positive cells when examined by immunofluorescence, and virus was occasionally recovered from the culture medium. mb/senas carrier cells were maintained with 0.16 per cent sendai antiserum in the supernatant medium. all mb/senas cells containe ...	1977	194551
studies on the mechanism for entry of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein g mrna into membrane-bound polyribosome complexes.	glycoprotein mrna (g mrna) of vesicular stomatitis virus is synthesized in the cytosol fraction of infected hela cells. shortly after synthesis, this mrna associates with 40s ribosomal subunits and subsequently forms 80s monosomes in the cytosol fraction. the bulk of labeled g mrna is then found in polysomes associated with the membrane, without first appearing in the subunit or monomer pool of the membrane-bound fraction. inhibition of the initiation of protein synthesis by pactamycin or mucono ...	1977	194907
differentiation of memory t cells to virus plaque-forming cells and cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	the aims of this study were to define the t-cell subpopulation(s) detected by the virus plaque assay, and particularly to determine whether the virus plaque assay could be used to enumerate cytotoxic t lymphocytes. in addition, studies were undertaken to ascertain whether cell proliferation was required for development of cytotoxic effector function and virus plaque formation by these subpopulations. the results of experiments with a secondary mouse mixed lymphocyte culture (mlc) model indicated ...	1977	194999
the uncoupled relationship between the temperature-sensitivity and neurovirulence in mice of mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.	inoculation of wild-type (wt) vsv intracerebrally (i.c.) in swiss weanling mice results in a rapidly fatal illness with death in two to three days. in contrast, i.c. inoculation of temperature-sensitive (ts) vsv mutants g3i and g22, but not ts gii or ts g4i, results in a more slowly progressive central nervous system (cns) disease with distinct neurological signs. studies undertaken to evaluate the neurovirulence of ts vsv mutants indicated that the ability of ts mutants to produce pathological ...	1977	195006
effects of interferon on vesicular stomatitis virus transcription and translation.	the effect of interferon on the synthesis of the rna species and proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus has been studied in two cell types. virus protein synthesis is inhibited by interferon despite the apparent presence of near normal amounts of virus rna with sedimentation values characteristic of virus messenger rna. the synthesis of those virus rna species which are completely dependent on virus protein synthesis is preferentially inhibited in interferon-treated cells. these results are most ...	1977	195009
improved synthesis and in vitro antiviral activities of 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine.	in order to evaluate the influence of the cyano group on the antiviral activity of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, a moderate yield, unified approach to the synthesis of both 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine was developed. thus, treatment of the appropriate acetylated 5-bromouracil nucleoside with nacn or kcn in me2so at 90-110 degrees c gave, after deblocking, 35-45% yields of the corresponding 5-cyanouracil nucleosides. 5-cyanouridine was devoid of significant activity against vacci ...	1977	195058
mechanism of formation of pseudotypes between vesicular stomatitis virus and murine leukemia virus.	pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and moloney murine leukemia virus (mulv), defined by their resistance to neutralization by anti-vsv antiserum, are released preferentially at early times after infection of mulv-producing cells with vsv. at later times, after synthesis of mulv proteins has been inhibited by the vsv infection, neither mulv virions nor the vsv (mulv) pseudotypes are made. infection of mulv-producing cells with mutants of vsv having temperature-sensitive lesions in ei ...	1977	195740
detection of mitogen-activated t and non-t lymphocytes by virus plaque assay. virus plaque assay on the cells fractionated by unit gravity sedimentation.	virus plaque assay (vpa) was utilized for the quantitative evaluation of activated lymphocytes. we examined what types of cells, especially which of activated t and non-t lymphocytes, were detected as infective centres after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. marked increases in dna synthesis and in virus-plaque forming cells (v-pfc) were observed not only during the activation of t lymphocytes with con a, but also, though to a lesser extent, during the activation with lipopolysaccharide ...	1977	195900
binding of viral glycoprotein mrna to endoplasmic reticulum membranes is disrupted by puromycin.	previous studies showed that the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus is synthesized in association with the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane and that all g mrna co-fractionates with er membrane. here, we show that treatment of infected cells with puromycin results in dissociation of g mrna, and presumably the associated ribosomes, from the er membrane. even it extracts from treated cells are kept at low ionic strength (0.01 m kcl), over 80% of g mrna is found unattached to membrane ...	1977	195964
infection of the central nervous system produced by mixtures of defective-interfering particles and wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus in mice.	in contrast to wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), which produces a fulminant illness with death in two to three days, mixtures of homologous defective autointerfering (di) particles and wild-type vsv (di-wild-type vsv) injected intracerebrally into mice resulted in a slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system (cns). in fact, mice inoculated with di-wild-type vsv survived up to nine days after infection and displayed striking paralysis of the hind limbs. the slowly progress ...	1977	196029
oligonucleotide fingerprints of rna species obtained from rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup.	the relationships among the genomes of various rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup were analyzed by an oligonucleotide fingerprinting technique. of 10 vesicular stomatitis viruses, indiana serotype (vsv indiana), obtained from various sources, either no, few, or many differences were observed in the oligonucleotide fingerprints of the 42s rna species extracted from standard b virions. analyses of the oligonucleotides obtained from rna extracted from three separate ...	1977	196099
untranslated vesicular stomatitis virus messenger rna after poliovirus infection.		1977	196392
identification and characterization of messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected hela cells.		1977	196396
synthesis and distribution of vesicular stomatitis virus-specific polypeptides in the absence of progeny production.		1977	196401
pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus with the envelope properties of mammalian and primate retroviruses.	by employing improved techniques it has been possible to produce and characterize a representative spectrum of mammalian and primate retrovirus pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). selection of appropriate cell lines for both the production and subsequent detection of the vsv pseudotypes has been the most important factor in permitting their demonstration. the host range for penetration of these retrovirus pseudotypes of vsv has been defined and found to differ from that reported for ...	1977	197255
in vitro synthesis of a unique rna species by a t particle of vesicular stomatitis virus.	a t particle of vesicular stomatitis virus, containing most of the l-gene region, has been isolated. in vitro, these t particles synthesize exclusively a small adenine-rich rna that is complementary to the t-particle genome. partial sequence analysis of this small rna indicates that it is an rna of unique sequence with a length of approximately 45 nucleotides.	1977	197268
the photoinactivation of an rna animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, with the aid of newly synthesized psoralen derivatives.	the newly synthesized psoralen derivatives, 4' hydroxymethyl 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen, 4' methoxymethyl 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen, and 4' aminomethyl 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen hydrochloride photoreact with the single-stranded rna animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, vsv. this virus is inactivated 10(3) times more effectively by photoreaction with these compounds than when photoreacted with 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen. under these conditions the rna virus remains more than 10(3) times less sensit ...	1977	197489
pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus with envelope antigens provided by murine mammary tumor virus.		1977	197701
cell killing by viruses. v. transcribing defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus function as cell-killing particles.		1977	197702
differences in the ribosomal protein gel profile after infection of l cells with wild type or temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.		1977	197992
heterogeneity of the sensitivity of vesicular stomatitis virus to interferons.	twelve cloned viruses were randomly isolated from original (uncloned) vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and their sensitivities to mouse and human interferons were examined. when the interferon sensitivities of these various vsvs were compared by the plaque reduction method in l cells, virus 3 was found to be sevenfold more sensitive than virus 11, and the interferon sensitivity of the original (uncloned) virus was intermediate. the present study shows that uncloned vsv indiana strain is a mixtu ...	1977	198374
membrane assembly in vitro: synthesis, glycosylation, and asymmetric insertion of a transmembrane protein.	membrane assembly was observed to proceed in cell-free extracts. specifically, the membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus was synthesized in crude extracts of wheat germ in the presence of membrane vesicles derived from pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum. the resulting glycoprotein spans the lipid bilayer asymmetrically, is glycosylated, and is indistinguishable in these respects from the form of the glycoprotein found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of virus-infected cells. both g ...	1977	198778
nucleotide sequences of ribosome recgonition sites in messenger rnas of vesicular stomatitis virus.	the ribosome recognition sites from vesicular stomatitis virus mrnas have been isolated by ribosome protection of the mixture of viral mrnas followed by complete separation of the protected sites by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the sites from the four major mrnas each contain a single aug initiation codon, indicating that they are true initiation sites, and the complete sequences of the n, ns, and g mrna sites are reported. the sites do not all share common features nor do they have sign ...	1977	198795
[transfection by integrated proviruses].	three lines of continuous mouse l cells were compared: one of them contained only its endogenic oncornavirus, another was contaminated with sv5 virus, and a third was obtained from the second line chronically infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. experiments with transfection showed that it was possible to recover sv5 virus from the two former cultures and vesicular stomatitis virus from the latter.	1977	198958
[differences in the antiviral and antioncogenic action of interferons produced in murine peritoneal cells and in krebs-2 ascitic carcinoma cells].	comparisons of native preparation of mouse interferons, "macrophage" and "krebs" revealed some differences, thus, the minimal time necessary for the development of resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in l cells treated with "macrophage" and "krebs" interferon was 5 and 2 hours, respectively. the activity of the lysosomal enzyme of acid phosphatase was considerably higher in the cells treated with "krebs" interferon and infected with vsv than with "macrophage" interferon. differences i ...	1977	198969
effect of phospholipase c and cholesterol oxidase on membrane integrity, microviscosity, and infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus.		1977	199240
vesicular stomatitis virus causes abortion and neonatal death in ferrets.	vesicular stomatitis virus caused transplacental infection in ferrets, resulting in infant death. no clinically significant illness was observed in the adult, despite histological changes in the uterus, liver, and spleen.	1977	199615
[antiviral activity in the serum of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia: prognostic significance. preliminary report].	in view of suggestions that acute myeloblastic leukemia (aml) may be of viral etiology, sera of 31 patients suffering from aml were investigated for antiviral activity. fowl plague virus (fpv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), bt 20 mammary carcinoma cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) were used as assay systems. in the fpv-bt20 system, 19 of 20 patients whose blood sample was taken when they were in complete remission showed antiviral activity in their sera. these patients stayed in com ...	1977	199938
effect of interferon, elevated temperature, and cell type on replication of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses.	five strains of enterovirus type 70 (e 70) and four of coxsackievirus type a 24 (ca 24) were studied for their sensitivity to interferon (if), ability to induce if, replication at various temperatures, and adaptability to human and mouse cell cultures. we found that isolates ranged from 0.01 to 16 times as sensitive to fibroblast if as vesicular stomatitis virus, depending upon the cell type used and the multiplicity of infection. most of the isolates induced no detectable if; however, when indu ...	1977	200562