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heterogeneity of vesicular stomatitis virus particles: implications for virion assembly.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) particles formed at early times after infection contain only one-third the amount of viral glycoportein (g protein), relative to the major internal structural proteins m and n, as is found in particles released later. these "early" particles also have a lower density in equilibrium sucrose gradients than do those formed later; however, the sedimentation velocity and specific infectivity of these two classes of particles are the same. vsv-infected cells also relea ...19806245248
comparisons of nucleotide sequences in the genomes of the new jersey and indiana serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus.nucleotide sequences of around 200 residues were determined adjacent to the 3' terminus of the genome rna of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype, and adjacent to the 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid tract of the n protein mrna of the same virus. these sequences were compared with the corresponding sequences previously determined for the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. the sequences obtained for the two strains were readily aligned, showing 70.8% homology overall. examina ...19806245255
transcriptional activities of different phosphorylated species of ns protein purified from vesicular stomatitis virions and cytoplasm of infected cells.vesicular stomatitis virus contains a phosphorylated ns protein which is necessary along with l protein and rnp template for transcription of mrna. to further define the structure of the ns protein and its function in transcription and replication, virion ns was purified and separated into two different phosphrylated forms (nsi and nsii) on deae-cellulose columns. cytoplasmic preparations of ns contained one phosphorylated species which eluted from the column in the same place as the virion nsi. ...19806245261
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by adenosine. 19806245522
studies on tumorigenicity of cells persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus in nude mice. 19806245524
site on the vesicular stomatitis virus genome specifying polyadenylation and the end of the l gene mrna.the 5'-terminal nucleotide sequence from positions 50 to 130 of vesicular stomatitis virus rna was determined indirectly by using a defective interfering particle rna which contains covalently linked genomic minus and antigenomic plus sense rnas. the last 18 nucleotides of the l gene coding for in the viral polymerase were identified and isolated by specific duplex formation between 5' terminally labeled oligonucleotides from a small single-stranded defective interfering particle rna and l gene ...19806246280
specificity of initiation factor preparations from poliovirus-infected cells.crude initiation factor preparations from poliovirus-infected cells stimulated the translation of poliovirus rna in vitro, but were inactive for the translation of host cell or vesicular stomatitis virus mrna's. in contrast, similar preparations from either uninfected or vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells supported the initiation of translation of host cell mrna's and both viral mrna's. these results reflect a specific alteration of some components(s) of the initiation factor preparation ...19806246283
behavior of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in mouse lm cells with modified membrane-phospholipids.lm cells in which the membrane phospholipids had been modified with choline analogues were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. the choline analogues tested were choline, n,n'-dimethylethanolamine, n-monomethylethanolamine and ethanolamine. these modifications per se did not affect the syntheses of individual viral proteins. the viral glycoprotein was detected in the plasma membranes of all the modified cells by pronase digestion in pulse-chase experiments, but the amount of glycoprotein su ...19806246939
reconstituted g protein-lipid vesicles from vesicular stomatitis virus and their inhibition of vsv infection.the single glycoprotein (g) of vesiclar stomatitis virus (vsv) was isolated in nearly quantitative yield by extraction of the purified virions with 0.05 m octyl-beta-d- glucoside (og) in 0.01 m sodium phosphate, ph 8.0. the extract contained essentially all of the viral phospholipids and glycolipids, and was free of other essentially all of the viral phospholipids and glycolipids, and was free of other viral proteins. dialysis to remove og resulted in the formation of g protein-viral lipid vesic ...19806247354
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus infection by spike glycoprotein. evidence for an intracellular, g protein-requiring step.in an assay measuring virus-directed rna synthesis, infection of bhk cells by a standard test dose of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was inhibited by ultraviolet light-irradiated wt vsv and by ts 045, one of a number of thermolabile, temperature-sensitive g protein mutants of vsv. after heat treatment for 1 h at 45 degrees c, the thermolabile mutants were no longer able to inhibit the vsv infection. in contrast, the thermolabile m protein mutant ts g31 and the nonthermolabile g protein mutant ...19806247355
macrophage extrinsic antiviral activity during herpes simplex virus infection.peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) exhibited extrinsic antiviral resistance. when the macrophages were co-cultivated in vitro with virus-infected cells the yield of virus was reduced markedly. activity was not present 1 to 2 days p.i., peaked at 3 to 4 days, declined by 7 days and was absent at 14 days after hsv-2 infection. the extrinsic antiviral activity was limited to the adherent peritoneal macrophage population. the macrophage antiviral activ ...19806247426
a sensitive method for quantification of vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles: focus forming assay.a focus-forming assay for the quantification of defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is described. this assay is based on the procedures described for lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus by popescu et al. (1976). under appropriate conditions this focus-forming assay can quantify fewer than 100 di particles/ml in a preparation containing a large number of infectious particles.19806247438
electron microscopy of vesicular stomatitis virus replicative ribonucleoproteins.the objective of this investigation was to examine by electron microscopy the replicative ribonucleoprotein (rnp) structures synthesized in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected hela cells. pulse-labeled in vivo products of vesicular stomatitis virus replication and transcription can be separated by centrifugation in renografin gradients. transcription complexes are dissociated, allowing nascent messenger rnps to remain at the top of the gradient, whereas rnps biochemically consistent with replica ...19806247510
is cytoskeleton involved in vesicular stomatitis virus reproduction?cer cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus showed a morphology similar to that observed after cytochalasin b treatment. temperature-sensitive mutants affected in envelope protein maturation did not induce those morphological changes at a nonpermissive temperature. in addition, the cytoskeleton was not implicated in vesicular stomatitis virus reproduction.19806247512
proposal for a uniform nomenclature for defective interfering viruses of vesicular stomatitis virus.defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus have been named according to their parental derivation and to their genomic length and physical properties. this suggested uniform nomenclature can be adapted for other virus systems.19806247514
vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus glycoprotein transport to the cell surface is inhibited by ionophores. 19806247822
[molecular biologic characteristics of vesicular stomatitis virus]. 19806247842
polarized distribution of viral envelope proteins in the plasma membrane of infected epithelial cells.the surface distribution of the envelope glycoproteins of influenza, sendai and vesicular stomatitis viruses was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectromicroscopy in infected epithelial cell monolayers, from which these viruses bud in a polarized fashion. it was found that before the onset of viral budding, the envelope proteins are exclusively localized into the same plasma membrane domains of the epithelial cells from which the virions ultimately bud: the glycoproteins of influenza and ...19806248236
glycopeptides from brain inhibit rates of polypeptide chain elongation.in previous reports, we have identified cell-surface glycopeptides from mouse cerebrum (bcsg) that inhibited protein synthesis and mitosis in several cell types. when baby hamster kidney (bhk)-21 cells were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (a negative strand rna virus), bcsg extensively inhibited viral protein synthesis. this inhibition was effective against both protein and glycoprotein synthesis and was independent of amino acid uptake by infected cells, synthesis of viral rna, and deg ...19806248520
conformation of the helical nucleocapsids of paramyxoviruses and vesicular stomatitis virus: reversible coiling and uncoiling induced by changes in salt concentration.the conformations of the helical nucleocapsids of the paramyxoviruses sendai virus and simian virus 5, and of a rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, have been found to vary extensively with changes in salt concentration. in 10 mm sodium phosphate buffer at ph 7.2, the nucleocapsids are loosely coiled or almost completely extended; with increasing concentrations of nacl they become more tightly coiled and less flexible. under isotonic conditions (150 mm) the sendai virus nucleocapsid is moder ...19806248857
viral interference by defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus measured in individual cells. 19806249028
thermotropic behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles reconstituted with the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein reconstituted into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) vesicles exerts a profound effect upon the dppc gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. the glycoprotein was reconstituted into dppc vesicles by octyl glucoside dialysis. the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of these vesicles was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry. vesicles formed in the absence of glycoprotein (600--2100-a diameter) underwent the phase transition at 41. ...19806249346
the role of vesicular stomatitis virus major glycoprotein in determining the specificity of virus-specific and h-2-restricted cytolytic t cells. 19806249612
antibody-mediated neutralization of virus is abrogated by mycoplasma.the ability of a mouse mammary tumor cell line to abrogate antibody neutralization of vesicular stomatitis virus was shown to be due to the presence of mycoplasma. the mycoplasma was isolated from the cell line and typed as mycoplasma orale. colonies of this mycoplasma were used to deliberately infect cell cultures which then gained the capacity to reactivate antibody-neutralized virus. the extent of the reactivation depended on the source of neutralizing antiserum. other species of mycoplasma w ...19806249748
alteration of the membrane lipid composition and infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus by growth in a chinese hamster ovary cell sterol mutant and in lipid-supplemented baby hamster kidney clone 21 cells.the cholesterol and phospholipid composition of the membrane of vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus was altered by growth in a sterol auxotroph chinese hamster ovary (cho mi) host cell and by infection of cho mi and baby hamster kidney (bhk)-21 cells supplemented with fatty acids and dimethylethanolamine. vs virus released from infected cho mi sterol auxotroph cells grown in delipidated serum had a 50% lower ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid and an 80% drop in infectivity measured by plaque forma ...19806249809
unique mode of transcription in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus.in addition to the five mrna species and 47 nucleotide long leader rna synthesized by purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus, at least three discrete low molecular weight rna species having approximate chain lengths of 28, 42 and 70 nucleotides can be detected in vitro. each of these rna species displays a unique and characteristic t1 fingerprint profile and contains (p)ppaa as its 5' terminus. by partial sequence analyses, two of the small rna products, 42 and 28 bases long, were found ...19806250715
mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus blocked at different stages in maturation of the viral glycoprotein.maturation of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g) to the cell surface is blocked at the nonpermissive temperature in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants in the structural gene encoding for g. we show here that these mutants fall into two discrete classes with respect to the stage of post-translational processing at which the block occurs. in all cases the mutant glycoproteins are inserted normally into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, receive the two-high-manno ...19806250721
budding of rous sarcoma virus and vesicular stomatitis virus from localized lipid regions in the plasma membrane of chicken embryo fibroblasts.the origin of the envelope lipids acquired by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) during budding from the plasma membrane of chicken embryo fibroblasts was examined. several differences were observed between the lipid composition of rsv and the plasma membrane. when the phospholipid composition of the cells was modified by growing them in the presence of the choline analogues, n,n-dimethylethanolamine or l-2-amino-1-butanol, the phospholipid composition of the virus was ...19806251073
biochemical characterization of the tse1 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey). alterations in the ns protein.alterations in the ns protein of the tse1 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) appear to be responsible for its temperature-sensitive phenotype. the ns proteins of thermostable revertants of tse1 migrated in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate with apparent sizes which were identical to tse1 ns, or which were 5% or 14% larger than tse1 ns. these novel differences persisted during electrophoresis in 10% and 12.5% acrylamide gels, and in gels with gradients ...19806251081
minimal molecular and cellular requirements for elicitation of secondary anti-vesicular stomatitis virus cytotoxic t lymphocytes. 19806251135
intervening sequence between the leader region and the nucleopcapsid gene of vesicular stomatitis virus rna.the base sequence at the 3' end of vesicular stomatitis virus rna was determined by using terminal labels and chemical rna sequencing. the leader rna was complementary to 47 bases at the 3' terminus, whereas the nucleocapsid gene (n) began 51 nucleotides from the 3' end of the genomic rna. the intervening bases were 3'...gaaa...5' for the indiana serotype and 3'...gaaaa...5' for the new jersey serotype. the complements of these bases did not appear in either the leader rna or the n mrna. this se ...19806251249
oligonucleotide sequence analyses indicate that vesicular stomatitis virus large defective interfering virus particle rna is made by internal deletion: evidence for similar transcription polyadenylation signals for the synthesis of all vesicular stomatitis virus mrna species.rnase t(1) oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses of three vesicular stomatitis virus indiana serotype small defective interfering (di) particle rna species indicate that they only have oligonucleotides derived from the 5' region of the viral genome. these studies also indicate that these three di rnas have partial l gene sequences as well as two 5' viral oligonucleotides (59 and 70) that are not transcribed into l (or other) mrna species (j. p. clewley and d. h. l. bishop, j. virol. 30:116-123, 1 ...19806251251
defective interfering particle generated by internal deletion of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome.the genome structure of the long, truncated defective interfering particle derived from the heat-resistant strain of vesicular stomatitis virus has been examined. stocks of this defective interfering particle are shown to contain several different species having information primarily from the 3' half of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome; the proportions of these components vary depending on the passage history of the stock. the two most abundant types have been identified and characterized. ...19806251252
poly(a)-adjacent sequence of the 14.5 s mrna of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype). 19806251611
[effect of different doses of diphtheria exotoxin on the properties of l929 and hela cells].various forms of interaction between diphtheria exotoxin and the continuous l and hela cell lines were revealed, depending on its doses: toxic, subtoxic and small (following the subtoxic dose). cells of the same origin, treated with these doses, develop similar changes in some of their properties, differing only in their "survival" time, the period of adaptation and the time of entering the phase of active proliferation. the systems of cells, having simultaneously low susceptibility to infection ...19806251678
transport of the membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus to the cell surface in two stages by clathrin-coated vesicles.the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is transported from its site of synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane via the golgi apparatus. pulse-chase experiments suggest that g is transported to the cell surface in two successive waves of clathrin-coated vesicles. the oligosaccharides of g protein carried in the early wave are of the "high-mannose" (g1) form, whereas the oligosaccharides in the second, later wave are of the matu ...19806252211
requirements for di particle prophylaxis against vesicular stomatitis virus infection in vivo.in contrast to biologically active di particles, neither u.v.-inactivated standard virus nor either of two different homologous u.v.-inactivated di particles showed any prophylactic effect when injected intracerebrally into mice concomitantly challenged with vsv. although u.v.-inactivated di particles did not prevent death when given with the challenge virus, they did significantly lengthen the time until death occurred. also, both u.v.-inactivated standard virus and di particles protected mice ...19806252288
effect of defective interfering particles on plus- and minus- strand leader rnas in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells.vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells contain short rna transcripts, called leader rnas, which are coded by the exact 3' end of both the minus-strand and plus-strand nucleocapsid templates. the molar amounts of both the plus-strand leader rna (which is templated from the minus-strand genome) and the minus-strand leader rna (which is templated from the plus-strand antigenome) were determined both in standard-virus- and mixed-virus-infected cells by using end-labeled genome probes. the results ...19806252332
activation of mouse lymphocytes by vesicular stomatitis virus.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a mitogen for mouse spleen cells, and infectious virus is not required for mitogenesis. at concentrations between 10 and 100 microgram per culture, vsv stimulated dna synthesis and blast transformation. maximal activation by vsv occurred 48 h after culture initiation. spleen cells depleted of t-lymphocytes by treatment with anti-thy 1.2 and complement and those obtained from congenitally athymic balb/c nu/nu mice were activated by vsv, suggesting that vsv is a ...19806252336
virus-induced decrease of insulin receptors in cultured human cells.viral infections may produce abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in normal subjects and profound changes in glucose homeostasis in insulin-dependent diabetics. using an in vitro radio-receptor assay with 125i-labeled insulin and human-amnion (wish) cells, the effect of viral infections on insulin receptors was examined. both herpes simplex virus and vesicular stomatitis virus produced a 50% decrease in insulin binding. there was no evidence that this decrease was due to degradation of insul ...19806253524
separation of cyanogen bromide-cleaved peptides of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein and analysis of their carbohydrate content.the purified glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus was cleaved at methionine residues with cyanogen bromide, and the resultant peptides were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. five peptide bands were resolved in cylindrical gels run under nonreducing conditions. after reduction and electrophoresis in the second dimension, 11 peptides were resolved, indicating that several were originally linked by disulfide bonds. double-label experime ...19806253657
viruses isolated from cells persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus show altered interactions with defective interfering particles.virus mutants isolated from persistent infections of vesicular stomatitis virus in bhk-21 cells were much less susceptible to interference mediated by the defective interfering particle used to establish the persistent infection. this mutational change occurred as early as 34 days in the persistent infection and continued for over 5 years. the earliest variants showed no oligonucleotide map changes and no difference in the temperature-sensitive phenotype from the original virus, but the later va ...19806253684
concanavalin a agglutinability of some enveloped rna viruses modified by host cell transformation.the dependence on concanavalin a (con a) concentration of agglutinability of some enveloped rna viruses grown in transformed cells was compared with that of those grown in nontransformed cells. the avian oncoviruses were purified by centrifuging to equilibrium in a combination equilibrium: viscosity gradient of potassium tartrate and glycerol after conventional isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation. avian oncoviruses were more agglutinable with con a when grown in transformed cells t ...19806253769
transport of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in a cell-free extract.we describe a cell-free system in which the membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus is rapidly and efficiently transported to membranes of the golgi complex by a process resembling intracellular protein transport. transport in vitro is energy-dependent and is accompanied by terminal glycosylation of the membrane glycoprotein (dependent upon udp-glcnac and resulting in resistance to endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h).19806253996
vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is anchored in the viral membrane by a hydrophobic domain near the cooh terminus.we have determined the cooh-terminal and nh(2)-terminal amino acid sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g). a sequence of 122 cooh-terminal amino acids was deduced from the complete sequence of a cloned dna insert carrying 470 nucleotides derived from the 3' end of the g mrna. evidence presented indicates that this portion of the polypeptide includes the domains of g that reside inside the virion and span the lipid bilayer of the virion. this seems clear because a part ...19806253998
synthesis in vitro of the full-length complement of defective-interfering particle rna of vesicular stomatitis virus.under appropriate reaction conditions in vitro, four different defective-interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus have been shown to synthesize the full-length complement of their rnas. the reaction involved preinitiation of the core particles with atp and ctp, followed by rna chain elongation in the presence of the beta, gamma-imido analogue of atp, adopp[nh]p, and the three normal ribonucleoside triphosphates. by hybridization of the in vitro synthesized plus strand with the standar ...19806254002
polycistronic vesicular stomatitis virus rna transcripts.a procedure to enrich for the sequences present at the junction between the linked messages in the polycistronic rnas symthesized in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is described. analyses of these sequences show that they contain a precise transcript of both the intercistronic dinucleotide and the pentanucleotide 5'--c-u-g-u-u--3', common to the 5'-end of all vsv cistrons, covalently linked to the 3'-side of the intervening poly(a). the data strongly suggest that the vsv transcriptase ...19806254036
characterization of the non-permissive infection of rabbit cornea cells by vesicular stomatitis virus.rabbit cornea cells (rc-60) restrict the reproduction of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) (thacore & youngner, 1975). in cells infected with vsv alone, an inhibition in the synthesis of vsv genome rna is observed. a number of parameters which could affect virus rna synthesis have been examined: virus transcription and post-transcriptional modification, translation, modification of proteins and migration of the g protein to the surface of the cell; they all appear to be normal, although somewhat ...19806255068
growth and release of several alphaviruses in chick and bhk cells.the growth and release of several alphaviruses, including several strains of sindbis virus (the wild-type strain, the large plaque and small plaque variants of the hr strain, and the hr mutant ts103), semliki forest virus(sfv) and middelburg virus, and of the unrelated rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), have been compared in chick cells and in bhk-21 cells as a function of the culture conditions for the host cell and the ionic strength of the medium. the small plaque strain of sindbi ...19806255069
altered synthesis and processing of oligosaccharides of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in different lectin-resistant chinese hamster ovary cell lines.to determine the particular intracellular steps in the glycosylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein that were altered in several lectin-resistant cho cell lines, vsv-infected parental and mutant cells were pulse-labeled for 30 and 120 min with [3h]mannose and [3h]glucosamine. cell-associated viral glycopeptides were analyzed by gel filtration combined with specific glycosidase digestions and compared with the corresponding mature virion oligosaccharides. the intracellular g ...19806255177
antibody-resistant spread of vesicular stomatitis virus infection in cell lines of epithelial origin.in mdck cells, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) buds exclusively from the basolateral plasma membranes beneath tight junctions, whereas influenza virus forms only at the free apical surface. anti-vsv antiserum did not prevent the formation of plaques on mdck cell monolayers infected with vsv, whereas plaque formation in bhk-21 cells was completely inhibited by such antiserum. under similar conditions, homologous antiserum completely prevented plaque formation by influenza virus on mdck cells. in ...19806255192
use of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes to map viral receptor genes: assignment of rd114 virus receptor gene to human chromosome 19.vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing envelope glycoproteins of the endogenous feline type c retrovirus, rd114, were used to assay the expression of receptors specific to rd114 on the surfaces of mouse-human hybrid cells carrying different human chromosomes. these studies show that the gene encoding the rd114 receptor is located on human chromosome 19.19806255197
localization of membrane-associated proteins in vesicular stomatitis virus by use of hydrophobic membrane probes and cross-linking reagents.the location of membrane-associated proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus was investigated by using two monofunctional and three bifunctional probes that differ in the degree to which they partition into membranes and in their specific group reactivity. two hydrophobic aryl azide probes, [(125)i]5-iodonaphthyl-1-azide and [(3)h]pyrenesulfonylazide, readily partitioned into virion membrane and, when activated to nitrenes by uv irradiation, formed stable covalent adducts to membrane constituents. ...19806255216
relationship between virion-associated kinase-effected phosphorylation and transcription activity of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19806255680
vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes produced by cells abortively infected or transformed by human cytomegalovirus.pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) were produced by normal hamster cells abortively infected with hcmv and superinfected by vsv at a certain stage of abortive hcmv infection. hamster cells transformed in vitro by hcmv (87-trh-5 and cx-90-3b cells) also produce vsv (hcmv) pseudotypes after infection of the cells by vsv, but the same cells after passage in vivo (tsc-1, tsc-2 cells) do not.19806255898
virus-mediated abrogation of chicken lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogenic stimulus.we have found that various sorts of virus particles, including avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses, sendai virus, friend leukemia virus and murine mammary tumor virus, are able, upon coincubation with chicken peripheral lymphocytes and either concanavalin a (con a) or phytohemagglutinin (pha), to inhibit the mitogenic responses that normally follow. such inhibition is not dependent on the use of infectious virus, and can be documented by using particles whose infectivity has been abolished by irr ...19806255923
antibody-induced modulation of rhabdovirus infection of neurons in vitro.dissociated neuron cultures of mice were inoculated with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and subsequently fed with medium containing sufficient antiviral antibody (ab) to neutralize all free virus. in contrast to control acute neuronal infection, which lasts one to two days, ab-treated neuron cultures were maintained as long as two weeks. this protection was not obtained in infected monkey kidney cells treated with ab. protected neuron cultures were examined with immunolabeling and em technique ...19806260905
sensitivity of group c arboviruses (bunyaviridae) to human amnion interferon.the sensitivity of several group c arboviruses (bunyaviridae) to human amnion interferon was compared to that of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sindbis virus. in cpe inhibition assays. apeu virus was the most sensitive of the group c arboviruses tested; it was significantly more inhibited than vsv, but was in the same range as sindbis virus. in plaque reduction assays, the increasing order of sensitivity was apeu, marituba, vsv and sindbis viruses. single-cycle yields of vsv and apeu virus ...19806162822
minimal interferon induction in dogs, using a modified polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex.adult beagles failed to respond to high concentrations of interferon (if) when they were injected with a nuclease-resistant complex poly i:c with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (piclc), by the iv or intrathecal route. an iv dose of 1 mg of piclc/kg of body weight was lethal to 1 of 3 adult dogs, but induced if in only 2 dogs. smaller doses were less toxic, but also were less effective. the injection of a high dose of a known if inducer (3 x 10(8) egg ld50 of newcastle disease virus) al ...19806163381
neurovirulence mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus with an altered target cell tropism in vivo.intracerebral infection of weanling swiss mice with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), ts pi364, resulted in a unique neuropathological syndrome not previously described with other vsv mutants. mice infected with wild-type vsv died from an acute encephalitis characterized by neuronal necrosis and efficient virus replication in both brain and spinal cord. in contrast, with vsv ts pi364, the most prominent histopathological feature was destruction of the epend ...19806163714
generation of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus in aedes albopictus cells. 19806256945
the production of high yields of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus in a. albopictus cells and comparisons with replication in bhk-21 cells. 19806256946
glycoprotein micelles isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus spontaneously partition into sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles. 19806256949
intracellular transport of secretory and membrane proteins in hepatoma cells infected by vesicular stomatitis virus. 19806257395
[role of a free-living amoeba from water, acanthamoaba castellani, in the transport of naked or enveloped animal viruses].the trophozoïts of acanthamoeba castellanii are unable to adsorb poliovirus or vesicular stomatitis virus. after encystment in medium containing respectively 5.4 x 10(8) and 3 x 10(9) p.f.u./ml cysts did not contain viruses. these data do not agree with a current hypothesis by which water's free amoeba could carry animal viruses.19806257415
isolation of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus and its binding to cell surfaces.the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was radiolabelled, extracted and purified so that its potential interaction with host cell surfaces could be studied. when bhk-21 cells were incubated with the radiolabelled virus glycoprotein, the virus component rapidly attached to the cell surface. the attachment was shown to be temperature-dependent adn saturated at approx. 3 x 10(5) molecules/cell. the omission of mg2+ or ca2+ from the incubation medium had little effect on the glycop ...19806257823
the influence of the host cell on the inhibition of virus protein synthesis in cells double infected with vesicular stomatitis virus and mengovirus.the ability of mengovirus to inhibit the synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) proteins and of vsv to inhibit the synthesis of mengovirus proteins during double infection in three different cell lines was investigated. although cellular protein synthesis was inhibited after infection of cells by each virus, the ability of one virus to decrease translation of the mrna species of the co-infecting virus varied with the cell type. superinfection of mengovirus-infected l-929 cells by vsv resu ...19806257824
translational control of protein synthesis after infection by vesicular stomatitis virus.four hours after infection of bhk cells by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), the rate of total protein synthesis was about 65% that of uninfected cells and synthesis of the 12 to 15 predominant cellular polypeptides was reduced to a level about 25% that of control cells. as determined by in vitro translation of isolated rna and both one- and two-dimensional gel analyses of the products, all predominant cellular mrna's remained intact and translatable after infection. the total amount of translat ...19806257923
rna synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. x. transcription and replication by defective interfering particles.in cells coinfected by standard vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and defective interfering (di) t particles, small rna consisting of 46 nucleotides was synthesized in molar excess over other vsv-specific rnas. although its rate of synthesis increased over time, small rna accumulated linearly, suggesting that the molecule is unstable. in contrast, replication of the genome rna of di t particles was relatively constant after 3 h of infection, resulting in the intracellular accumulation of stable g ...19806257925
replicative rna synthesis and nucleocapsid assembly in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected permeable cells.a permeable-cell system has been developed to study the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. when vesicular stomatitis virus-infected bhk cells were permeabilized by lysolecithin treatment, they incorporated nucleoside triphosphates into rna and amino acids into proteins at nearly normal rates. the viral mrna's synthesized appeared normal in polarity, size distribution, and polyadenylation, and all five viral proteins were synthesized. replication of the viral genome proceeded, and full-le ...19806257927
effect of glucosamine on phenotype mixing of vesicular stomatitis virus with avian sarcoma virus.the effect of glucosamine on phenotypic mixing between vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and avian sarcoma virus (asv) was studied. phenotypic mixing decreased with increase in glucosamine concentration, and, in the presence of 20 mm glucosamine, was no longer detectable. in the presence of 20 mm glucosamine, cells still produced 10(2)--10(3) focus forming units (ffu) of asv and 10(6) plaque forming units (pfu) of vsv per milliliter. these results suggest that cells producing a relatively large a ...19806258397
survey of virally mediated permeability changes.1. sendai virus causes permeability changes when added to freshly isolated brain cells (cerebellum or ependymal cells) or to a culture of forebrain cells. 2. sendai virus causes permeability changes when added to organ cultures of ferret lung or nasal turbinate. influenza virus causes no permeability changes under these conditions. 3. rabies virus and vesicular-stomatitis virus, in contrast with sendai virus, do not cause permeability changes in bhk cells or lettrée cells. 4. serum from patients ...19806258574
comparison of radioimmunoassay for internal protein of bovine leukemia virus with neutralization test employing vsv-blv pseudotype.two methods for the detection of antibodies to the bovine leukemia virus (blv) in infected animals were compared for their suitability for the early diagnosis of bovine leukemia - pseudotype neutralization test (pnt) employing vesicular stomatitis virus - bovine leukemia virus pseudotypes (vsv-blv), and radioimmunoassay test (ria) for major internal viral protein p24 of the blv. the comparison was made using more than 300 sera from cows of the herds with high incidence of bovine leukemia. in inf ...19806262669
defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus: structure-function relationships. 19806261646
distribution of virus structural proteins and protein-protein interactions in plasma membrane of baby hamster kidney cells infected with sindbis or vesicular stomatitis virus.the plasma membrane of baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells infected with either sindbis or vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated by a technique involving the ingestion of latex beads by the cells. plasma membrane isolated from sindbis virus-infected cells contained only one (e1) of the three (e1, e2, and c) structural proteins of this virus. when the latex beads were pretreated with either polylysine or deae-dextran, plasma membrane obtained from sindbis virus-infected cells contained all three ...19806261249
temperature-sensitive mutants of chandipura virus. ii. phenotypic characteristics of the six complementation groups.fifty temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the rhabdovirus chandipura virus have been classified into six complementation groups designated chi to chvi. group chi contains 44 mutants, group chii contains 2 mutants, and the remaining groups have 1 mutant each. mutants in groups chi, chiii, chiv, and chvi had rna-negative phenotypes in experiments measuring amplification of rna synthesis at restrictive temperature. the two mutants in group chii had rna-positive phenotypes, and the virions were th ...19806767858
comparison o;f vesicular stomatitis virus intracellular and virion ribonucleoproteins.vesicular stomatitis virus ribonucleoproteins (rnp) obtained by a detergent treatment of purified virus (vrnp) or from infected hela cell cytoplasm (icrnp) were examined by sedimentation in sucrose or renografin gradients in the presence or absence of edta. it was shown that vrnp and icrnp sediment at the same rate in sucrose and renografin in the absence of edta; however, icrnp sedimented more slowly in the presence of edta than did vrnp. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins of vr ...19806774108
rabies virus-induced rna synthesis in bhk21 cells.rabies virus polysomes contained two sizes of messenger rnas, one of which had a sedimentation value of 30s and another which sedimented at 12 to 16s. rna extracted from infected cultures contained virion-size rna, 42s, as well as 30s and 12 to 16s rna species. hybridization studies indicated that the 30s and 12 to 16s rnas had nucleotide sequences which were complementary to virion rna. rna. rna isolated from virus polysomes contained adenylate-rich sequences which were heterogeneous in size an ...19807420063
ebola virus: identification of virion structural proteins.polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified ebola virus revealed the presence of four major virion structural proteins which we have designated vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp4. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) proteins were used as mol. wt. markers, and the virion proteins were found to have mol. wt. of 125000 (vp1), 104000 (vp2), 40000 (vp3) and 26000 (vp4). vp1 was labelled with glucosamine and is probably a glycoprotein. the density of the ebola virion was approx. 1.14g/ml in potassium tartrate. vir ...19807441205
antiviral activity of arildone on deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses.arildone (3 micro/ml) reduced the replication of murine cytomegalovirus, semliki forest virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and coxsackievirus a9 by 64, 68, 94, and 98%, respectively. when the plaque reduction method was used to evaluate the antiviral effect for the viruses, a concentration of 3 to 5 micrograms/ml yielded a 50% reduction in plaque numbers. the effect of arildone on virus replication was greatest when the drug was present from the time of inoculation. the effectiveness decreased a ...19807447405
alternate capping mechanisms for transcription of spring viremia of carp virus: evidence for independent mrna initiation.two alternate mechanisms of mrna capping for spring viremia of carp virus have been observed. under normal reaction conditions, a ppg residue of the capping gtp is transferred to a pa moiety of the 5' termini of mrna transcripts. however, in reaction conditions where gppnhp is used instead of gtp, an alternate capping mechanism occurs whereby a pg residue of the capping gtp is transferred to a ppa moiety of the transcripts. the first mechanism is identical to that described previously for vesicu ...198016789187
the spatial relationship of the viral and h-2 antigens recognized by anti-viral ctls.with the use of monospecific rabbit anti-g protein and mouse monoclonal anti-h-2kk, we have analyzed the spatial relationship of the serologically defined h-2kk antigens and the major surface glycoprotein (g protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) to those antigens recognized by b10.a (k, d) anti-vsv cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). the ability of monoclonal anti-h-2kk or rabbit anti-g protein to inhibit specifically the cytolytic activity of b10.a anti-vsv ctls indicates that the g protein ...198022457920
production of spikeless particles of the rabies virus under conditions of low ph. 19817008336
microheterogeneity among carbohydrate structures at the cell surface may be important in recognition phenomena.independently derived mutants of chinese hamster ovary cells have been isolated and shown to exhibit a subtle glycosylation defect resulting in the premature termination of certain asparagine-linked carbohydrate moieties. this carbohydrate alteration is akin to the types of structural variation termed microheterogeneity and is thought not to affect the biological activities of glycoproteins that manifest the phenomenon. however, the carbohydrate change expressed by the mutants is stable and heri ...19817194740
translation of black beetle virus rna and heterologous viral rnas in cell-free lysates derived from drosophila melanogaster.a cell-free protein synthesizing system was prepared from cells of drosophila melanogaster line 1 and made mrna dependent by treatment with micrococcal nuclease. the system was tested with homologous rna from black beetle virus propagated in drosophila cells, with drosophila heat shock mrna, and with various heterologous viral mrna's. under optimal conditions amino acid incorporation programmed with black beetle virus rnas was 30-fold higher than endogenous incorporation. rnas 1 and 2 primarily ...19816783766
genetically determined resistance to lethal vesicular stomatitis virus in syrian hamsters. 19816261542
protamine--a potent inhibitor of vesicular stomatitis virus transcriptase in vitro. 19816261754
a fluorescence photobleaching study of vesicular stomatitis virus infected bhk cells. modulation of g protein mobility by m protein.the mobility of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) g protein on the surface of infected bhk cells was studied by using the technique of fluorescence photobleaching recovery. the fraction of surface g protein that was mobile in that time scale of the measurement (minutes) was at least 75%, a relatively high value among cell surface proteins so far observed. for studies of the effect of an internal viral protein (m protein) on g protein mobility, cells infected with wild-type vsv were compared with ...19816261790
interaction of wild-type and mutant m protein vesicular stomatitis virus with nucleocapsids in vitro.we have characterized the interactions between mutant or wild-type m protein and nucleocapsids of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) by assaying for inhibition of in vitro transcriptase activity. the interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature: high concentrations of nacl or poly(l-glutamic acid) reverse the inhibition. these interactions are much weaker in each of the four m protein mutants (complementation group iii) tested than in wild-type vsv. temperature-sensitive revertants were sele ...19816261791
transport of newly synthesized vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein to purified golgi membranes.in a previous communication we reported that the newly synthesized membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus could be transported in crude extracts of cho cells from endoplasmic reticulum-derived membranes to membranes of the golgi complex. this conclusion was an indirect one, based on the terminal glycosylation of this glycoprotein, a reaction that was dependent upon a golgi-specific enzyme, udp-glcnac transferase i. we show here that the golgi fraction of rat liver will substitute fo ...19816262330
effects of chloroquine and cytochalasin b on the infection of cells by sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.the effects of cytochalasin b and chloroquine on the process of endocytosis of sindbis virus particles and polystyrene spheres were determined by electron microscopy. the effects of these agents on the process of infection (attachment, penetration, and uncoating) of bhk-21 cells by sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus were also determined. cytochalasin b completely blocked ingestion of sindbis virus particles or latex spheres by bhk cells but had no effect on the ability of sindbis virus ...19816262524
infection of the central nervous system produced by r1 vesicular stomatitis virus.previous studies of vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the central nervous system in mice have demonstrated that both temperature-sensitive mutants and defective interfering particles produce alterations from wild type disease. to examine further the role of the biologic properties of the virus, we studied the disease produced by r1-vesicular stomatitis virus, a temperature-insensitive revertant derived from the temperature-sensitive t1026 mutant. whereas wild type produced acute encephalit ...19816262567
inhibition of the release of virion-associated murine leukemia virus genomic rna by vesicular stomatitis virus.the genomic rnas of murine leukemia virus (mulv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were distinguishable based on a difference in sedimentation coefficient, polyadenylic acid content, and nucleotide sequence homology. applying these biochemical characteristics, we found that the release of virion-associated mulv genomic rna from virus-producing cells was inhibited by vsv as early as 2 h after superinfection. this finding offers an explanation to our previous inability to detect mulv(vsv) pseud ...19816277825
passage of an integral membrane protein, the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, through the golgi apparatus en route to the plasma membrane.the intracellular pathway of biogenesis of the vesicular stomatitis virus transmembrane glycoprotein was investigated in situ by using indirect immunofluorescence of whole infected chinese hamster ovary cells and immunoelectron microscopy of ultrathin frozen sections of infected cells. transport of the glycoprotein was synchronized by using the temperature-sensitive virus mutant orsay-45 and a temperature shift-down protocol. sequential appearance of the glycoprotein in the rough endoplasmic ret ...19816262824
temperature sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus: tryptic peptide maps of the proteins modified in complementation groups ii and iv. 19816263012
streptovirudin inhibits glycosylation and multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19816263283
in vivo transcription of the 5'-terminal extracistronic region of vesicular stomatitis virus rna.in vivo transcription and polyadenylation at the junction of the l cistron and the 5'-terminal extracistronic region of vesicular stomatitis virus rna was investigated. annealing of 5'32p-labeled rna representing the 5'-terminal noncoding 77 nucleotides of vesicular stomatitis virus genomic rna to l gene mrna resulted in specific duplex formation. two specific rnase t1- and rnase a resistant duplexes, 66 and 77 nucleotides long, bound to oligodeoxythymidylic acid cellulose. the specific sizes of ...19816264102
presence of the cap-binding protein in initiation factor preparations from poliovirus-infected hela cells.crude preparations of initiation factors from mock-infected and poliovirus-infected hela cells were analyzed for the presence of proteins which could be cross-linked to the 5' cap group of mrna. a protein having an apparent molecular weight of 26,000, similar to the cap-binding protein in rabbit reticulocytes described by sonenberg and shatkin (proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 75:4843-4847, 1978), was found in the ribosomal salt wash from both uninfected and infected cells. cross-linking of this po ...19816264121
vesicular stomatitis virus mrna and inhibition of translation of cellular mrna--is there a p function in vesicular stomatitis virus?infection of animal cells by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) results in inhibition of translation of cellular mrna. we showed previously that, in bhk cells infected by the glasgow isolate of vsv indiana, this is due to competition during the initiation step of protein synthesis of viral and cellular mrna for a constant, limiting number of ribosomes. we show here that infection of the same cells with the san juan isolate of vsv resulted in a more rapid shutoff of host protein synthesis and that ...19816264124
vesicular stomatitis virus rna polymerase can read through the boundary between the leader and n genes in vitro.triphosphorylated in vitro transcripts of vesicular stomatitis virus were selected by mercury-sepharose chromatography using adenosine-5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) as an affinity probe. numerous rnas ranging from less than 47 up to several hundred nucleotides in length were detected. some of these contain the leader rna covalently linked to transcripts of the n gene. a comparison of the published genomic sequences at the estimated termination sites of several of these rnas reveals some homology wit ...19816264146
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