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effect of temperature on the enzymatic activities present in purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1979224868
interferon production by mammalian cells grown in a serum-free medium.interferon, produced by rabbit heart cells grown in a serum-free medium, failed to protect rabbit heart serum-free cells, but protected rabbit heart serum-containing-medium cells against vaccinia and vesicular stomatitis virus. interferon produced in serum-free cells had a greater species specificity than that produced in serum-containing media. the difference in activity was shown to be due to lack of adsorption by serum-free-medium cells.1979225261
replication of vesicular stomatitis virus facilitated by shope fibroma virus in vivo.previous studies show that shope fibroma virus facilitates replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in some rabbit cells grown in vitro. in the present investigation, the possibility that these two viruses can also interact in vivo was determined. rabbits inoculated intradermally with both viruses together, or each separately, were examined for the formation of lesions or tumors and for the production of infectious virus. the presence of vsv interfered with tumorigenesis by shope fibroma ...1979225273
nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity in purified cores of vesicular stomatitis virus.purified cores of vesicular stomatitis virus contain an enzymatic activity that converts gdp, udp, and cdp into their corresponding triphosphates using atp as the phosphate donor. thus, the virion-associated rna polymerase can synthesize mrna normally in vitro even when one of the ribonucleoside triphosphates is replaced by its corresponding diphosphate. rna synthesis does not proceed if atp is replaced by adp. similarly rna synthesis is impaired if cdp and udp are present in the same reaction. ...1979225322
surface analysis by bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells.a rapid and inexpensive assay has been developed for the examination of new antigens on the surface of whole eucaryotic cells. this assay is based on the specific tagging of antigen-antibody complexes at the cell surface with staphylococcus aureus. cells that had been infected with vesicular stomatitis virus were exposed to specific antiserum, were then exposed to the bacteria, and finally were examined in the light microscope. almost 100% of infected cells reacted positively. two temperature-se ...1979225389
rnase iii cleaves vesicular stomatitis virus genome-length rnas but fails to cleave viral mrna's.the procaryotic rna processing enzyme rnase iii (endoribonuclease iii [ec 3.1.4.24]) was used to probe vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) rnas for specific sites that could be recognized and cleaved. the effect of the enzyme on the rnas was monitored by measuring their subsequent migration in denaturing agarose-urea gels. vsv virion rna (negative strand; mr, 4 x 10(6)) was cleaved by the enzyme to yield a set of discrete fragments which ranged on size from 3.5 x 10(6) to 0.2 x 10(6) daltons. the c ...1979225509
assignment of the large oligonucleotides of vesicular stomatitis virus to the n, ns, m, g, and l genes and oligonucleotide gene ordering within the l gene.analyses of prototype vesicular stomatitis (vsv, indiana serotype) mrna-32p-labeled viral rna duplexes have established the assignments of 65 of the 72 large oligonucleotides that are recovered by two-dimensional electrophoresis of rnase t1 digests of the viral rna. fifty of the oligonucleotides are recovered in the l rna duplex, four each in the n, m, and ns duplexes, and three in the g rna duplex. studies of three small defective-particle rna species indicate that they have only l gene oligonu ...1979225510
selective isolation of mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus defective in production of the viral glycoprotein.we describe a procedure that enriches for temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), indiana serotype, which are conditionally defective in the biosynthesis of the viral glycoprotein. the selection procedure depends on the rescue of pseudotypes of known ts vsv mutants in complementation group v (corresponding to the viral g protein) by growth at 39.5 degrees c in cells preinfected with the avian retrovirus rous-associated virus 1 (rav-1). seventeen nonleaky ts mutant ...1979225514
transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus is required to shut off cellular rna synthesis.rna synthesis by mouse myeloma (mpc-11) cells was rapidly and progressively shut off by infection with vesicular stomatitis virus temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants permissive for transcription. in sharp contrast, mutants or defective vesicular stomatitis virions restricted in transcription were incapable of causing progressive inhibition of cellular rna synthesis even at massive multiplicities of infection. a viral product synthesized 30 to 60 min after permissive infection with tsg114(i) appea ...1979225526
proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. v. identification of a precursor to the phosphoprotein of piry virus.a metabolic precursor to the major phosphoprotein of piry virus (nsv) has been identified in extracts of piry virus-infected l cells. the conversion of the precursor nsi to nsv occurs with a half-life of 20 min and is independent of continued protein synthesis. nsi has a greater electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than does the product nsv, suggesting an increase in molecular weight during maturation. the conversion is unaffected by cyclic amp, c ...1979225529
effect of temperature-sensitive mutation on activity of the rna transcriptase of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey.the virion-associated rna transcriptase activity of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants was assayed in vitro at the permissive (31 degrees c) and restrictive (39 degrees c) temperatures. rna synthesis at 39 degrees c by the rna-negative ts a1 and the rna-positive ts c1 and ts d1 mutants was similar to that of wild-type virus. the rna-negative ts b1 synthesized only small amounts of rna in vitro at 39 degrees c. the three mutants of complementation group e wer ...1979225538
neuroblastoma cell fusion by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus.a temperature sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus which does not mature properly when grown at 39 degrees c promoted extensive fusion of murine neuroblastoma cells at this nonpermissive temperature. polykaryocytes apparently formed as a result of fusion from within the cells that requires low doses of infectious virions for its promotion and is dependent on viral protein synthesis. although 90% of infected n-18 neuroblastoma cells were fused by 15 h after infection, larger polykaryocy ...1979225547
temperature-sensitive mutants of complementation group e of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype possess altered ns polypeptides.in vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was unable to distinguish the polypeptides of the temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of complementation groups a, b, c, and f from those of the wild-type virus. however, the ns polypeptide of the representative mutant of group e, ts e1, had a significantly greater electrophoretic mobility than that of the wild-type virus ns polypeptide. the electrophoretic mobilities of the ns polypeptides of the three mutants o ...1979225557
further characterization of the replicative complex of vesicular stomatitis virus.replicating vesicular stomatitis virus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes were isolated in nonequilibrium renografin density gradients. these nascent rnps had the same buoyant density as virion nucleocapsids in both isopycnic renografin and cscl gradients. both transcribing and replicating rnp complexes were shown to be stable in sucrose gradients, whereas only replicating rnp complexes were stable in renografin gradients. size analysis of the 5-min-pulse-labeled rna species from the replicating ...1979225568
effect of certain inhibitors of glycoprotein synthesis on cell fusion induced by vesicular stomatitis virus.the effect of certain metabolic inhibitors on the fusion of bhk-21 cells induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was studied. the polykaryocyte formation in infected cells and virus growth were inhibited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-glucosamine. host-cell proteins synthesis was suppressed profoundly in both bhk-21-kb and b cells infected with vsv. on the other hand, glycoprotein synthesis was significantly enhanced during the polykaryocyte formation in bhk-21-kb cells, while it was suppressed ...1979225643
separation and purification of the mrnas for vesicular stomatitis virus ns and m proteins. 1979225864
effect of glucosamine treatment on vesicular stomatitis virus macromolecular synthesis: host cell dependence. 1979225871
the specific inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by toyocamycin. 1979225872
fatty acid binding to vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein: a new type of post-translational modification of the viral glycoprotein. 1979226266
mechanisms of heterotypic immunity against canine distemper.hep-2 cells infected with measles virus (mv) for as short as 6 h became refractory to superinfection with canine distemper virus (cdv) but not to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the exact mechanism of such interference is unknown but probably occurs after virus attachment and penetration. these results verify the suggestion that virus interference may be a mechanism of heterotypic protection against canine distemper.1979226395
adenosine-5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) as an affinity probe for studying leader rna's transcribed by vesicular stomatitis virus.the atp required for in vitro transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus can be replaced by the analogue adenosine-5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) without affecting the rate of transcription or the nature of the mrna products. rna chains (less than 5 s) initiated with adenosine-5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) can be isolated by affinity chromatography on mercury-agarose columns used in these experiments. at least 80% of the leader rna synthesized in vitro by infectious b virions and 70% of the leader rna s ...1979226514
the nucleotide sequence of the 5' terminus of vesicular stomatitis virus rna.we have determined the nucleotide sequence for the first 50 nucleotides at the 5' terminus of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) genome rna. this sequence is identical to that of the in vitro rna polymerase product synthesized by defective interfering (di) particles of vsv. these results confirm previous conclusions rengarding di and standard viral terminal sequences based on hybridization studies and earlier sequencing of the di polymerase product rna.1979226942
synthesis of a small rna in cells coinfected by standard and defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.a small rna, containing approximately 50 nucleotides, is synthesized by cells coinfected with standard vesicular stomatitis virus and its defective interfering (di) particles. infection of cells by standard virus or di particles alone does not lead to synthesis of significant amounts of small rna. the rna is initiated at its 5' end with (p)ppxp and is not polyadenylylated at the 3' end despite a content of 51% adenosine. it has sequences complementary to the genome of a di particle. the synthesi ...1979226977
a defective interfering vesicular stomatitis virus particle that directs the synthesis of functional proteins in the absence of helper virus. 1979227163
characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus replicating complexes isolated in renografin gradients. 1979227165
phosphoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus: identity and interconversion of phosphorylated forms. 1979227166
induction of interferon in l cells by defective-interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus: lack of correlation with content of [+/-] snapback rna. 1979227167
transfer of carbohydrates on to nascent glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.i studied the glycosylation in vivo of a viral envelope protein, the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), by pulse labelling of virus-infected hela cells with 3h-labelled monosaccharides (mannose, glucosamine). radioactivity was incorporated into the fraction of membrane-bound polyribosomes, although metabolic conversion of [3h]-mannose into amino acids was negligible. dissociation of bound polyribosomes revealed that the radioactively co-purified with the peptidyl-trna. the nascent ...1979227358
a vesicular stomatitis virus (cytomegalovirus) pseudotype and its use in neutralization tests.infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of human diploid cells preinfected with the ad-169 strain of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) resulted in the formation of a vsv (cmv) pseudotype. its formation was favored by increasing the bicarbonate content in doubly-infected cultures. the pseudotype was capable of infecting not only human but also rabbit cells. pseudotype particles formed after infection with the tl 17 mutant of vsv, which carries a thermolabile lesion in its neutralization antigen ...1979227814
antibody-independent neutralization of vesicular stomatitis virus by human complement. ii. formation of vsv-lipoprotein complexes in human serum and complement-dependent viral lysis.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is efficiently neutralized by normal, nonimmune human serum without the participation of antibody. neutralization is complement- (c) dependent and requires the early-acting components of the classical pathway, c1, c4, c2, and c3, but not later-acting c components. in further studies, normal human serum was found to markedly increase the density of a variable but significant proportion of virus-associated rna and to markedly decrease the density of the remainder o ...1979227957
synthetic phospholipid vesicles containing a purified viral antigen and cell membrane proteins stimulate the development of cytotoxic t lymphocytes.synthetic phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) containing the purified glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and solubilized membrane proteins from cells of the appropriate h-2 haplotype elicited h-2-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that lysed vsv-infected target cells. the ctl were elicited by intact liposomes, not by released components. thus, when spleen cells from vsv-primed h-2d x h-2b hybrid mice were stimulated with liposomes having g protein + membrane proteins from c ...1979227980
initial interaction of human fibroblast and leukocyte interferons with fs-4 fibroblasts.human fs-4 cells were exposed to human fibroblast interferon for various times and further incubated in the absence of interferon until challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus. addition of antibody to fibroblast interferon at the time of removal of interferon did not alter the development of the antiviral state. if cells were exposed to interferon for 45 min at either 0 or 37 degrees c, they developed resistance upon subsequent incubation at 37 degrees c. however, less resistance developed if ...1979227987
production of vesicular stomatitis virus with low infectivity by interferon-treated cells.in cultures of ly cells treated with 10 or 30 reference units/ml of mouse interferon there was a 30 to 200 times reduction in the production of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv); virus particle production, as measured by vsv particle associated virus rna, virus protein, and virus transcriptase, was inhibited by, at most, six times. these results suggested that interferon-treated cells produce vsv particles with low infectivity and resemble the findings in interferon-treated cells infec ...1979227998
uncapping of viral messenger rna by phosphodiesterase of fibroblast plasma membranes.isolated plasma membranes from mouse fibroblast lines 3t3 and its tranformant sv-3t3 contain a phosphodiesterase (oligonucleotidase, e.c. 3.1.4.19; nucleotide pyrophosphatase, e.c. 3.6.1.9) that splits capped and methylated messenger rna obtained from both reovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus. the isolated membranes are free of demonstrable ribonuclease activity and split the mrna to produce 7-methyl guanosine diphosphate as a product. with atp as substrate for the phosphodiesterase enzyme, t ...1979228044
rna synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells: in vivo regulation of replication.pulse-labeling of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected hela and bhk cells with [3h]uridine throughout the infectious cycle demonstrated two peaks of uridine incorporation into virus-specific rna molecules. by separating total rna synthesis into replication and transcription products, we showed that replication occurs over a shorter period of time in one peak synthesis. the biphasic nature of uridine incorporation is in part due to a general membrane phenomenon of reduced metabolite transport duri ...1979228051
proposed replicative role of the ns polypeptide of vesicular stomatitis virus: structural analysis of an electrophoretic variant.the structural lesion in the temperature-sensitive mutant e1 of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus has been assigned to the ns protein. although the packaged wild-type and mutant ns proteins were similarly phosphorylated, the mutant ns protein migrated faster than the wild-type ns protein in polyacrylamide slab gels electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the resolution appears to be the result of conformational rather than size differences since the two pro ...1979228061
nucleotide sequences from the 3'-ends of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna's as determined from cloned dna.molecular clones of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna's were used to determine the 3'-terminal sequences of mrna's encoding the n and ns proteins. this new approach to vsv mrna sequencing allowed the first comparison of 3'-terminal sequences. the sequences showed a tetranucleotide homology, uaug, immediately preceding the polyadenylic acid. in addition, both mrna's had an au-rich region including the tetranucleotide auau at positions 16 to 19 nucleotides from the polyadenylic acid. a possible seco ...1979228065
persistent vesicular stomatitis virus infection mediates base substitutions in viral rna termini.we have sequenced (via a product rna) the 3' rna terminus of a defective interfering particle that was generated from the standard virus isolated from a culture of bhk-21 cells persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus for over 5 years. by hybridization and rna sequencing, seven mutations were identified in the 46 nucleotides at the terminus of this defective-interfering-particle rna. it is likely that these mutations are a reflection of altered protein-nucleic acid interactions that ...1979228067
sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus rna in the region coding for leader rna, n protein mrna, and their junction.the rnas extracted from purified preparations of the indiana and new jersey serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus were polyadenylylated in vitro by using polynucleotide phosphorylase and sequence determination was carried out by the dideoxynucleotide method using reverse transcriptase and dt8ac primer. on both virus rnas a short stretch of adenylic acid residues is present between the regions coding for the leader and n protein mrnas. other features of the rna sequences of the two viruses are ...1979228265
selective and unidirectional membrane redistribution of an h-2 antigen with an antibody-clustered viral antigen: relationship to mechanisms of cytotoxic t-cell interactions.we have studied the co-redistribution of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) antigen and of individual h-2 antigens on the surfaces of mouse cells, and in parallel we have also used these vsv-infected cells as targets in cytotoxic t-cell killing experiments. antibody-induced patching and capping of the vsv antigen caused an extensive co-patching and co-capping of the h-2kb antigen but not of the h-2db antigen. in reciprocal experiments, the antibody-induced patching of the h-2kb or h-2db antigen di ...1979228303
[interferon-producing activity of bone marrow cells treated with mrna for interferon when transplanted to irradiated mice].inoculation into irradiated (800--850 r) mice of syngeneic bone marrow cells treated with mrna for interferon (mrna-if) obtained from chick cells induced with uv-irradiated newcastle disease virus was accompanied by the appearance in the blood of the animals of a substance with the properties of interferon, inhibiting the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus in chick embryo cells but not in mouse l cells. chicken interferon was detected in the blood of the experimental animals for 7-- ...1979228497
studies on avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). iii. interferon induction by and sensitivity to interferon of ibv.the induction of interferon by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and the sensitivity of ibv to interferon were studied. the results of experiments with ten ibv strains are summarized as follows. 1. all the ibv strains tested induced interferon in chick embryo (ce) cells, chicken kidney (ck) cells and embryonated eggs. the iowa-609 strain induced about 1000 units of interferon in ce cells while the beaudette-42 strain induced about 200 units of interferon in embryonated eggs; the interferon ...1979228636
inactivation of influenza and vesicular stomatitis virion rna polymerase activities by photoreaction with 4'-substituted psoralens.irradiation of purified influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) with long-wavelength uv light in the presence of 4'-substituted psoralens inactivated the virion-associated rna polymerase activity. inactivation was apparently due to psoralen modification of the viral genome rnas, since cations that decrease psoralen binding to nucleic acids had a protective effect, and reconstitution of vsv rna polymerase activity was inhibited by photoreaction of nucleoprotein cores but not by pretr ...1979229269
uv inactivation of the biological activity of defective interfering particles generated by vesicular stomatitis virus.uv inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus and its defective interfering (di) particles was measured in order to obtain the target size for interference. in the case of di particles whose genomes mapped at the 5' end of the virion rna, this target size corresponded to the entire di particle rna molecule regardless of whether it amounted to 10, 30, or 50% of the viral genome. these data were interpreted as demonstrating that both termini of the di particle rnas were required for their replicat ...1979229271
viral interference phenomena induced by foot-and-mouth disease temperature-sensitive mutants in bovine kidney cells.cultures of bovine kidney (bk) cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were incubated at 38.5 degrees c, a temperature nonpermissive for mutant virus growth and rna synthesis. the cells were subsequently resistant to viral growth and rna synthesis when superinfected with wild-type fmdv and with heterologous fowl plague virus. the extent of interference was proportional to the multiplicity of infection of the ts mutant. it increased with time ...1979229787
effect of concanavalin a on viral infectivity, maturation and cytopathogenicity in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells. 1979230383
internal genome deletions in two distinct classes of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.we have characterized the genome sequences represented in two defective interfering particles derived from the heat-resistant strain of vesicular stomatitis virus by means of end-labeling and hybridization techniques. both defective particle rnas, which differ slightly in size, contain 5'-end sequences identical to each other and to that of the standard infectious virus genome, for at least the first approximately 55 bases. in contrast, the 3'-end sequences of these two rnas are different. the 3 ...1979230501
polarity of influenza and vesicular stomatitis virus maturation in mdck cells: lack of a requirement for glycosylation of viral glycoproteins.we have investigated whether glycosylation of membrane glycoproteins is a determinant of the site of maturation of enveloped viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. in mdck cell monolayers, vesicular stomatitis virus buds exclusively from the basal or lateral plasma membranes and contains a sialylated glycoprotein, whereas influenza virus buds exclusively from the apical plasma membrane and lacks neuraminic acid. in order to study the possible relationship between glycosylation of vir ...1979230510
antigenic variation among strains of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.four strains of vesicular stomatitis virus--new jersey (hazelhurst, guatemala, panama, and concan) were compared by cross-neutralization and complement-fixation tests. they were indistinguishable by complement-fixation test; however, by plaque-reduction neutralization method, slight antigenic differences were observed between the hazelhurst and the three other strains. it is concluded that these antigenic differences are insufficient to warrant reclassification of vesicular stomatitis virus--new ...1979230769
two distinct populations of vesicular stomatitis virus ribonucleoprotein cores with differential sensitivities to micrococcal nuclease. 1979230842
effect of plant lectins on polykaryocyte formation by vesicular stomatitis virus in bhk-21 cells. 1979231732
terminal sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus rna are both complementary and conserved.the nucleotide sequences at the 5' and 3' termini of rna isolated from the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus [vsv(nj)] and two of its defective interfering (di) particles have been determined. the sequence differs from that previously demonstrated for the rna from the indiana serotype of vsv at only 1 of the first 17 positions from the 3' terminus and at only 2 of the first 17 positions from the 5' terminus. the 5'-terminal sequence of vsv(nj) rna is the complement of the 3'-term ...1979232169
assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids in vivo: a kinetic analysis.pulse-chase labeling and cell fractionation were used to examine the pathways taken by the three nucleocapsid polypeptide species of vesicular stomatitis virus into nucleocapsids and then into virions. an improved method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved nucleocapsid polypeptides n and ns from cellular actin, facilitating accurate quantitation of the viral polypeptides. contrary to previous belief, the rate of ns synthesis was found to be a constant fraction of total virus protein s ...1979232181
study of the avian sarcoma virus infection of chemically transformed cells.bhk-21/13 cells transformed with various chemical carcinogens and mutagens were tested for susceptibility to avian sarcoma virus infection. the chemically transformed bhk cells were highly tumorigenic. the treatment of these cells in vitro with avian sarcoma virus strain schmidt-ruppin d resulted in chemically transformed and viral infected cells with different rescuability of the integrated virus genome. the different rescuability is not due to the difference in virus penetration as was shown b ...1979232251
cross-reactive cytotoxic t cells to serologically distinct vesicular stomatitis virus. 19806154097
neutrophils in antiviral immunity: inhibition of virus replication by a mediator produced by bovine neutrophils.neutrophils collected from bovine mammary glands were placed in culture with virus-infected cell preparations that had been inactivated by ultraviolet light. upon culture with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus-infected georgia bovine kidney cells, a material was released from the neutrophils that, like interferon, inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and ibr virus. cell-free ibr virus was a less effective inducer of the inhibitor produced by neutrophils. other herp ...19806154112
interferon induction by viruses. iii. vesicular stomatitis virus: interferon-inducing particle activity requires partial transcription of gene n.we have measured the interferon-inducing particle (i.f.p.) activity of a ts mutant, gii (i), of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and a non-ts revertant, ri (t1026) in "aged" chick embryo cells and mouse (l(y) cells at 40.5 and 37.5 degrees c, respectively. our results suggest that a single i.f.p. suffices to induce a quantum yield of interferon and that there are several times more i.f.p. than plaque-forming particles (p.f.p.) in stock preparations of vsv. furthermore, while virus replication or ...19806154126
inhibition of rna and protein synthesis in interferon-treated hela cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus rna and protein is almost completely inhibited in hela cells treated with relatively high doses of human fibroblast interferon. with lower concentrations of interferon virus replication is inhibited, but near normal amounts of virus rna are found in cells infected at a m.o.i. of 10. all the virus rna species are found in these cells with the exception of genomic size rna. in contrast, synthesis of all the virus proteins is equally inhibited in proportion t ...19806154130
immunogenicity in mice of temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus: early appearance in bronchial secretions of an interferon-like inhibitor.temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (indiana serotype) rapidly induced resistance in mice to intranasal challenge infection with the highly virulent wild-type homotypic virus, and to a lesser extent with the heterotypic new jersey serotype. intranasal vaccination with mutant tsg44 (iv) resulted in early appearance (at 12 h) of a bronchial inhibitor which protected mouse l cells and chick embryo cells against infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. this bronchial inhibi ...19806154132
interferon-treated cells release vesicular stomatitis virus particles lacking glycoprotein spikes: correlation with biochemical data.earlier we reported a reduction to 1/30th-1/100th of the original number of infectious particles in the infectious vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) released from l cells treated with 10 or 30 reference units of interferon per ml. however, in these cultures virus particle production, as measured by vsv particle-associated viral rna, virus nucleocapsid protein, and viral transcriptase, was inhibited by less than 10%. data reported in this paper show that there was a significant reduction in glycop ...19806154948
microassay for interferon, using [3h]uridine, microculture plates, and a multiple automated sample harvester.a microassay for interferon is described which uses target cells grown in microculture wells, [3h]uridine to measure vesicular stomatitis virus replication in target cells, and a multiple automated sample harvester to collect the radioactively labeled viral ribonucleic acid onto glass fiber filter disks. the disks were placed in minivials, and radioactivity was counted in a liquid scintillation spectrophotometer. interferon activity was calculated as the reciprocal of the highest titer which inh ...19806155105
weak susceptibility of rotavirus to bovine interferon in calf kidney cells.bovine, virus-induced interferon was titred in primary embryonic calf kidney cells, using three challenge viruses: reovirus type 3, vesicular stomatitis virus (serotype indiana), and a french isolate of bovine rotavirus (tr) adapted to grow in tissue culture. rotavirus repeatedly displayed a very weak susceptibility to interferon as compared to the other two viruses.19806155896
response of cloned progeny of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus to human leukocyte interferon.first- and third-generation cloned progeny viruses were derived from clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus and examined for their sensitivities to human interferon by inhibition of plaque formation in vero cells. the dose-response curves obtained with the first- and third-generation clones were similar to those obtained with the parental isolates, and both the parent and the clones showed similar sensitivities to interferon. these results suggest that clinical isolates of herpes simplex viru ...19806156904
virus-specific effects of interferon in embryonal carcinoma cells.embryonal carcinoma (ec) cells are susceptible to infection by a variety of viruses, but do not become resistant to infection by semliki forest virus or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on treatment with interferon. these observations have led to the conclusion that interferon does not induce an antiviral state in ec cells. we report here, however, that ec cells treated with interferon become resistant to infection by two picornaviruses and two ts mutants of vsv, whereas they remain sensitive to ...19806157099
factors affecting the assay of bovine type i interferon on bovine embryonic lung cells.one preparation of interferon (if) on 7-day-old bovine embryonic lung cultures free of bovine viral diarrhea virus had titers ranging from 20 to 10,240 in plaque-reduction tests, using bovine vesicular stomatitis virus. factors believed to contribute to this variation were investigated. although titers differed on different cell strains, different passages, and on cultures of different ages, variations between the two assays definitely could not be established as a function of these factors. how ...19806157340
augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by vesicular stomatitis virus infection in mice.effects of the infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to heterologous erythrocytes were investigated in mice. infection at the time of immunization resulted in production of high levels of dth that were specific to the antigen used for immunization. the high level of dth produced in vsv-infected mice could not be attributed to the nonspecific enhancement of the footpad swelling with the infection. augmentation of dth was observed in all strains of ...19806157735
an interferon-induced cellular enzyme is incorporated into virions.the mechanisms by which interferon inhibits viral growth are only partially understood. several enzymatic activities increase in cells shortly after treatment with interferon. one of these enzymes, oligo-isoadenylate synthetase, synthesizes (2'-5') isoadenylate oligomers which strongly stimulate the activity of a cellular ribonuclease, rnase f (ref. 7). interferon also significantly increases the activity of a protein kinase which phosphorylates the initiation factor eif-2 and can inhibit in vit ...19806157996
[antiviral activity of murine interferons produced by bacterial and animal cell translation of messenger rna].interferon was produced by e. coli bacteria and animal cell messenger-rna--interferon translation (mrna--if). the activity of the interferon produced by simultaneous mrna--if translation in these two cellular systems was, approximately, similar. the interferons translated by bacteria and animal cells inhibited the cytopathic effect, reproduction and plaque-formation of vesicular stomatitis virus, and, to a greater extent, of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. the virus titration was carried out b ...19806158177
[effect of exogenous interferon on virus-specific immune cytolysis].virus-specified immune cytolysis has been shown in mouse cell cultures infected with vesicular stomatitis virus under the action of specific virus antibody and active complement. the exogenous mouse interferon failed to enhance the cellular plasmalemma permeability or to inhibit cellular adsorption of infectious and inactivated virus as well as the lysis of the cells in the presence of the antiviral serum and complement. the interferon localization was studied by the method of fluorescent antibo ...19806158178
[possibility of using jet injector bi-3 to administer gamma globulin].various forms of interaction between diphtheria exotoxin and the continuous l and hela cell lines were revealed, depending on its doses: toxic, subtoxic and small (following the subtoxic dose). cells of the same origin, treated with these doses, develop similar changes in some of their properties, differing only in their "survival" time, the period of adaptation and the time of entering the phase of active proliferation. the systems of cells, having simultaneously low susceptibility to infection ...19806158206
susceptibility of influenza viruses to interferon and to poly(i) . poly(c) determined by the plaque reduction method.susceptibility of eight strains of influenza a and b viruses to interferon and to poly(i) . poly(c) were determined by the plaque reduction method. all strains tested were slightly less susceptible than vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in an established line of canine kidney (mdck) cells. the 50% plaque depression doses (pd50) of poly(i) . poly(c) for influenza a and b viruses were as high as 3.0- to 4.5-fold and 6- to 18-fold that for vsv, respectively. the amounts of interferon required to inh ...19806158660
pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus with coat antigen of bovine leukaemia virus--vsv (blv): antigenic surface mosaic and the roles of precipitating antibodies and polycations.the pseudotype particles vesicular stomatitis virus (bovine leukaemia virus) [vsv (blv)] contain a surface antigenic mosaic, composed of both vsv- and blv-specific antigens, as demonstrated by increased neutralization by anti-vsv serum after addition of complement or of "second antibody". all the pseudotype infectivity was precipitated by vsv-specific antibody: it could be pelleted by low-speed centrifugation and its infectivity recovered without any loss by sonication. polycations present durin ...19806158852
interferon treatment inhibits glycosylation of a viral protein.earlier, we reported a 30-200-fold reduction in the yield of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) released from l cells treated with 10-30 reference units ml-1 of interferon (ifn); however, in these cultures virus particle production, as measured by vsv particle-associated viral rna, virus nucleocapsid protein and viral transcriptase, was inhibited less than 10-fold. there was biochemical and morphological evidence of a significant reduction in glycoprotein (g) and membrane protein (m) of ...19806159539
morphological and biochemical characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus with low infectivity released from interferon treated cells. 19806159713
interferon in experimental viral infections in mice: tissue interferon levels resulting from the virus infection and from exogenous interferon therapy.in mice given single intraperitoneal doses of interferon, serum interferon levels peaked at 1 h postinjection and were reduced to zero at about 8 h. the interferon concentrations in spleen, liver, and lungs were about 100-fold higher than could be expected from the amount of serum contained in these organs. in the brain only low levels of antiviral activity were detected. in mice infected intraperitoneally with mengo virus, viral replication in the brain occurred around day 4 and was accompanied ...19806160109
differential efficacies of human type i and type ii interferons as antiviral and antiproliferative agents.treatment of human fibroblast fs-4 cultures with human type ii interferon preparations induced the synthesis of at least four proteins that were similar in size to four of the five proteins induced by type i interferons (mr 120,000, 88,000, 67,000, and 56,000). however, the mr 67,000 and 56,000 proteins were induced more strongly by type ii than by type i interferon, and a counterpart of a mr 80,000 protein induced by type i interferons was not noticeably induced by type ii interferon preparatio ...19806160587
interferon production by bovine tracheal organ cultures infected with bovid herpesvirus 1 strains.studies have been made of antiviral inhibitors produced by bovine tracheal organ cultures inoculated with strains of bovid herpesvirus 1. the inhibitors, which had properties of interferon, were assayed by a plaque-reduction method in bovine turbinate cell cultures with vesicular stomatitis virus as challenge virus. each of the four strains of bovid herpesvirus 1 studied induced interferon in bovine tracheal organ cultures.19806160900
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus transcriptase in vitro by phosphonoformate and ara-atp. 19806161479
comparative studies on the inhibitory effects of interferon on various strains of herpes simplex viruses in vitro.the sensitivities to human leukocyte interferon of 10 strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 3 strains of type 2 were compared. all the strains were sensitive to interferon, although their sensitivities were less than that of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). there was no significant difference in the sensitivities to interferon of hsv type 1 and type-2 or among different strains of a given type of hsv. nor was there any difference between the sensitivities of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (i ...19806161604
interferon production on mouse fibroblasts induced by various viruses.the interferon (if) inducing ability of some dna and rna viruses on mouse ccl-1 cells was investigated. the f and h strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and sendai virus proved to be the best inducers. gd-7, mengo and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were middle inducers, herpes simplex 1 (hsv 1) was a weak inducer, and adenovirus 12 and semliki forest (sfv) were non-inducers. moreover antiviral resistance induced by the same viruses and if production generally followed parallel paths.19806161620
role of 2',5'-oligo(adenylic acid) polymerase in the degradation of ribonucleic acid linked to double-stranded ribonucleic acid by extracts of interferon-treated cells.rna covalently linked to double-stranded rna (dsrna) is preferentially degraded in extracts of interferon-treated hela cells [nilsen, t. w., & baglioni, c. (1979) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 76, 2600-2604]. the size of the dsrna required for this preferential degradation has been determined by annealing poly(i) of known length to the poly(c) tract of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna or by annealing poly(u) to poly(a) of known length of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna. the dsrna must be lo ...19806161640
sensitivity of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 to three preparations of human interferon.ten isolates of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and nine isolates of hsv type 2 were tested against virus-induced (alpha), fibroblast (beta), and mitogen-induced (gamma) preparations of human interferon (huifn). hsv type 2 was slightly more sensitive and hsv type 1 somewhat less sensitive to all three preparations of huifn than sindbis and vesicular stomatitis virus-both considered to be quite sensitive to huifn. hsv type 2 was significantly more sensitive than hsv type 1 to each of the huifn ...19806161973
cellular quiescence modulates and replication of l15 mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.infectious particle production by temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was measured in a variety of different host cell types maintained in a state of quiescence or stimulated to proliferate. at permissive temperatures, all ts mutants and the wild-type virus replicated equally well and with the same kinetics in both quiescent and proliferating cells. at semi-permissive temperatures, however, lts mutants, with temperature-sensitive virion polymerases, showed a de ...19806161988
production and properties of immune interferon from spleen cell cultures of toxoplasma-infected mice.in response to antigenic stimulation, spleen cells from toxoplasma-infected mice produce a factor showing inhibitory activity against vesicular stomatitis virus infection in l cell cultures. when balb/c and icr mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the low-virulent s-273 strain of t. gondii, such activity was first detected in 4 and 7 days and reached maximum levels at 10 and 14 days respectively, and retained these levels for at least three weeks. however, balb/c mice, which are considera ...19806163946
influence of input multiplicity of infection on the antiviral activity of interferon.the antiviral activity of interferon was shown to be dependent on the input m.o.i. cells could not be protected against the cytopathogenic effect of vaccinia, herpes, echo or vesicular stomatitis virus at m.o.i. greater than 1. at a m.o.i. of less than or equal to 1, cells could be protected but the amount of interferon necessary to yield protection was inversely related to the m.o.i. when protection was afforded, it was only transient. the duration of the antiviral effect of interferon was also ...19806243342
selective inhibition of glycoprotein and membrane protein of vesicular stomatitis virus from interferon-treated cells.a 200-fold inhibition in the titer of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was produced in cultures of ly cells treated with 30 reference units of interferon per milliliter. virus particle production, as measured by vsv particle-associated transcriptase, or nucleocapsid protein was inhibited by a maximum of tenfold. the glycoprotein and membrane protein content was reduced in vsv derived from interferon-treated cells. thus interferon-treated cells may have produced vsv particles with low ...19806243416
effect of sulfhydryl reagents on the infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19806243427
assembly of membrane glycoproteins studied by phenotypic mixing between mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus and retroviruses. 19806243428
inhibition of synthesis of ribosomal proteins and of ribosome assembly after infection of l cells with vesicular stomatitis virus.the effect of infection of mouse l cells by vesicular stomatitis virus on the synthesis of ribosomal proteins was investigated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to analyze the ribosomal proteins. it was found that the synthesis of nearly all of the cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins examined was inhibited by infection and mostly to the same extent. analysis of the ribosomal proteins extracted from intact ribosomes indicated that infection also reduces the incorporation of all ...19806243485
interferon production and virus replication in lymphoblastoid cells infected with different viruses.a semicontinuous infection system was used to test viral replication and interferon induction in lymphoblastoid cells: measles virus, newcastle disease virus (ndv), sendai virus, human parainfluenza virus (type ii and iii), semliki forest virus (sfv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). with the exception of sendai virus, all viruses replicated in the namalva cell line. only measles virus was able to induce high levels of interferon. three other cell lines, nc37, raji (tk+-variant) and raji (tk ...19806243928
inhibition of ribonucleic acid accumulation in mouse l cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus requires viral ribonucleic acid transcription.the accumulation of ribonucleic acid (rna) in mouse l-929 cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus or ultraviolet- (uv-) irradiated virus was studied. at the permissive temperature (30 degrees c infection by all mutants resulted in an inhibition of cellular rna accumulation. at the nonpermissive temperature (40 degrees c) mutants g114 (i) and g22 (ii) failed to inhibit rna accumulation, but mutants g11 (i), o52 (ii), g31 (iii), g33 (iii), g41 (iv), w10 (iv) ...19806243956
specific incorporation of host cell surface proteins into budding vesicular stomatitis virus particles. 19806244101
complete intergenic and flanking gene sequences from the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19806244108
aspects of heat inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk from intramammarily infected susceptible cows.in skim milk obtained from susceptible cows after intramammary and intravenous inoculation (primary infected milk), foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus type o1 was slower inactivated by heat treatment than virus that had been added to pre-exposure skim milk. residual virus infectivity in heated primary infected milk was more efficiently detected in bovine thyroid cell cultures than in secondary pig kidney (pk2) cell cultures. untreated primary infected milk was found to inhibit both fmd-virus and ...19806244342
in vitro synthesis of the full-length complement of the negative-strand genome rna of vesicular stomatitis virus.under the normal conditions of in vitro rna synthesis, the virion-associated rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus synthesizes five monocristronic mrnas and a 48-nucleotide-long leader rna that represents the exact 3'-terminal region of the genome rna [colonno, r. j. & banerjee, a. k. (1978) cell, 15, 93-101]. when the transcribing core was preincubated with atp and ctp, reisolated, and then incubated in the presence of the beta, gamma imido analogue of atp (adopp[nh]p) and the three norm ...19806244552
kinetics of decay in the expression of interferon-dependent mrnas responsible for resistance to virus.we used 5,6-dichloro-beta d-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (drb), a selective and reversible inhibitor of mrna production, to investigate the regulation of the pathway leading to resistance to viruses in cells treated with interferon (if). drb allows initiation of transcription but promotes premature termination of the nucleotide chains, so that it abolishes interferon-dependent protection against viruses. when the drb is removed, synthesis of complete mrnas can resume. mouse l-929 cells were expos ...19806244560
purification of a factor that restores translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna in extracts from poliovirus-infected hela cells.it was previously shown that the poliovirus-induced inhibition of translation of capped mrnas can be reversed by a protein found in preparations of the eukaryotic initiation factor eif-4b [rose, j. k., trachsel, h., leong, k. & baltimore, d. (1978) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 75, 2732--2736]. this "restoring factor" has now been purified from a high-salt wash of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes by taking advantage of its tight association with factor eif-3 at low salt concentrations. it did not copu ...19806244584
coated vesicles transport newly synthesized membrane glycoproteins from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane in two successive stages.the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is transported from its site of synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane via the golgi apparatus. clathrin-coated vesicles have been purified from cho cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus and shown to contain g protein in amounts nearly stoichiometric with clathrin. pulse-chase experiments have demonstrated that this g protein is a transit form and have revealed that g is transpo ...19806244586
effect of interferon treatment on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv): release of unusual particles with low infectivity. 19806244697
vesicular stomatitis virus growth in drosophila melanogaster cells: g protein deficiency.in cultured drosophila melanogaster cells, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) established a persistent, noncytopathic infection. no inhibition of host protein synthesis occurred even though all cells were initially infected. no defective interfering particles were detected, which would explain the establishment of the carrier state. in studies of the time course of viral protein synthesis in drosophila cells, n, ns, and m viral polypeptides were readily detected within 1 h of infection. the yield ...19806245242
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