Publications

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internalization and fusion mechanism of vesicular stomatitis virus and related rhabdoviruses.members of the rhabdoviridae infect a wide variety of animals and plants, and are the causative agents of many important diseases. rhabdoviruses enter host cells following internalization into endosomes, with the glycoprotein (g protein) mediating both receptor binding to host cells and fusion with the cellular membrane. the recently solved crystal structure of vesicular stomatitis virus g has allowed considerable insight into the mechanism of rhabdovirus entry, in particular the low ph-dependen ...023516023
development of replication-competent viral vectors for hiv vaccine delivery.to briefly describe some of the replication-competent vectors being investigated for development of candidate hiv vaccines focusing primarily on technologies that have advanced to testing in macaques or have entered clinical trials.023925000
the mitochondrial proteins nlrx1 and tufm form a complex that regulates type i interferon and autophagy.the mitochondrial protein mavs (also known as ips-1, visa, and cardif) interacts with rig-i-like receptors (rlrs) to induce type i interferon (ifn-i). nlrx1 is a mitochondrial nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeats (nlr)-containing protein that attenuates mavs-rlr signaling. using nlrx1(-/-) cells, we confirmed that nlrx1 attenuated ifn-i production, but additionally promoted autophagy during viral infection. this dual function of nlrx1 paralleled the previously described functions of the auto ...022749352
analyses of entry mechanisms of novel emerging viruses using pseudotype vsv system.emerging infectious diseases include newly identified diseases caused by previously unknown organisms or diseases found in new and expanding geographic areas. viruses capable of causing clinical disease associated with fever and bleeding are referred to as viral hemorrhagic fevers (vhfs). arenaviruses and bunyaviruses, both belonging to families classified as vhfs are considered major etiologies of hemorrhagic fevers caused by emerging viruses; having significant clinical and public health impac ...025425954
roles of retinoic acid-inducible gene-i-like receptors (rlrs), toll-like receptor (tlr) 3 and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase as viral recognition receptors on human mast cells in response to viral infection.to investigate the anti-viral responses of human mast cells, we performed pcr array analysis of these cells after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). pcr array analysis revealed that human mast cells up-regulated several anti-viral genes, including melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid-inducible gene-i, and toll-like receptor 3, together with type i interferons and chemokines, upon vsv infection. additionally, we found that 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase, which ...025550087
retargeting vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with enhanced stability by in situ synthesized polymer shell.the ability to introduce transgenes with precise specificity to the desired target cells or tissues is key to a more facile application of genetic therapy. here, we describe a novel method using nanotechnology to generate lentiviral vectors with altered recognition of host cell receptor specificity. briefly, the infectivity of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors was shielded by a thin polymer shell synthesized in situ onto the viral envelope, and ne ...023327104
infection in mice following instillation of vesicular stomatitis virus. 193317778040
an acquired resistance of growing animals to certain neurotropic viruses in the absence of humoral antibodies or previous exposure to infection.1. as mice grow older they acquire a resistance to peripheral inoculation with the indiana and new jersey strains of vesicular stomatitis virus and to some extent also to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, but little or none to the eastern strain. 2. while some mice may become resistant as early as the 30th day of life, others may still be susceptible at 1 year of age. 3. this resistance is readily demonstrable when the inoculations are made by intranasal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra ...193619870564
influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus : ii. effect of age on the invasion of the peripheral and central nervous systems by virus injected into the leg muscles or the eye.1. injection of vesicular stomatitis virus into the leg muscles of young mice gives rise to flaccid paralysis of the inoculated extremity as the first clinical sign of a disease which is invariably fatal; old mice similarly injected with the largest doses of virus survive without exhibiting any signs of illness. 2. in young mice the virus was shown to multiply at the site of inoculation and to invade the sciatic nerve and spinal cord; there was no evidence of multiplication of virus in the blood ...193719870648
influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus : i. effect of age on the invasion of the brain by virus instilled in the nose.1. after intracerebral injection or nasal instillation of vesicular stomatitis virus in young or old mice, there was no evidence of a generalized, systemic or blood infection. 2. within 1 hour after nasal instillation of as much as 100,000 m.c.l.d. in young or old mice, no virus (i.e., less than 60 to 70 m.c.l.d.) could be demonstrated in the nasal mucosa. 2 days later and thereafter virus was abundant in the nasal mucosa of young mice, while among old mice it remained undemonstrable in some and ...193719870647
influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus : iii. effect of age and pathway of infection on the character and localization of lesions in the central nervous system.it will be well to restate the main problem at this point and to examine how far the accumulated data can help to elucidate it. the problem is this: why are old mice generally resistant to all forms of peripheral inoculation of vesicular stomatitis virus when intracerebral injection is equally fatal for mice of all ages? the results of experiments in which the presence of virus was demonstrated by animal passage suggested that the reason can perhaps be found in (a) the different mechanisms of vi ...193819870715
influence of host factors on neuroinvasiveness of vesicular stomatitis virus : iv. variations in neuroinvasiveness in difierent species.peripheral inoculation of vesicular stomatitis virus is constantly followed by myelitis or encephalitis in young mice, but not in young (or old) guinea pigs. the cause of this variation was elucidated by investigating the fate of the virus after inoculation by a number of different routes. direct intracerebral injection of minimally infective amounts of virus was found to be equally fatal for young mice and young guinea pigs, indicating that the central nervous system as a whole was as easily in ...193819870716
the influence of age of host and temperature of incubation on infection of the chick embryo with vesicular stomatitis virus.chick embryos after 7 days of incubation were found to be much more susceptible to infection with vesicular stomatitis virus than were 10 day embryos. they had a 100 per cent mortality and were very suitable for titrations of the virus. the rate of increase of virus in 7 and 10 day embryos was studied. two different temperatures of incubation were employed, 35-36 degrees c. and 39-40 degrees c., and the growth curves for the virus under the different conditions are presented. 10 day embryos were ...194319871306
effect of temperature, phenol, and crystal violet on vesicular stomatitis virus. 194621013309
some observations on the quantitative study of vesicular stomatitis virus. 194818887764
experimental infection of dogs, ferrets, chinchillas and hamsters with vesicular stomatitis virus. 195413124685
stability of vesicular stomatitis virus at varying hydrogen ion concentrations. 195413204321
morphology of vesicular stomatitis virus. 195413221548
infectivity and pathogenicity of vesicular stomatitis virus for ferrets. 195513228891
the growth and cytopathogenicity of vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture. 195513252259
isolation of vesicular stomatitis virus from an infected laboratory worker. 195513259050
experimental studies on vesicular stomatitis virus. i. factors influencing infectivity titrations in the chick embryo. 195513286485
experimental transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus by diptera. 195514367890
a serologic test for identification and titration of vesicular stomatitis virus. 195513254833
vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue cultures and cell suspensions. 195613297745
comparative titrations of vesicular stomatitis virus in various animal species and in tissue culture. 195613362798
isolation of vesicular stomatitis virus from mouse mothers after inoculation of suckling mouse litters. 195713416211
heat-inactivated vesicular stomatitis virus as antigen in the complement-fixation test. 195713444597
some characteristics of vesicular stomatitis virus growth-curves in tissue culture. 195713481314
paths of phosphate transfer in normal chick embryo cells and in cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. 195713481315
an osmotic barrier for inorganic phosphate in chick embryo cells and its stability during the latent and release periods of infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. 195713481316
the cytopathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus infection in cattle. 195813498238
studies on persistent infections of tissue cultures. iii. some quantitative aspects of host cell-virus interactions.efforts were made to obtain information on some of the quantitative aspects of host cell-virus interactions in mcn cultures persistently infected with newcastle disease, mumps, and 6-6 viruses, and to elicit the mechanism which permits simultaneous maintenance of virus and cells for indefinite periods of time. it was shown by 4 different technics that only between 10 and less than 1 per cent of the cells yield infectious virus, depending upon the agent employed and, possibly, variations in the c ...195813575685
studies on persistent infections of tissue cultures. ii. nature of the resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus.efforts were made to elucidate the nature of the resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) observed in mcn cultures persistently infected with newcastle disease, mumps, or 6-6 viruses (mcn(ndv), mcn(mps) and mcn(6-6), respectively). cells derived from persistently infected cultures adsorbed vsv to the same extent as their uninfected counterparts. only a fraction of the adsorbed virus could be recovered from the cells indicating that it enters into an eclipse in all of the cell types. while ...195813575684
persistence in cattle of serum-neutralizing antibodies of vesicular stomatitis virus. 195813498239
primary isolation and comparative titrations of five field strains of vesicular stomatitis virus in chicken embryos, hogs and mice. 195813498270
a comparative study of the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus in five tissue culture systems. 195813539380
studies on the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture. 195813557728
shortened latency' as a result of multiple infection by vesicular stomatitis virus in chick cell culture. 195813587900
homotypic non-exclusion by vesicular stomatitis virus in chick cell culture. 195813587901
influence of host cell on residual infectivity of neutralized vesicular stomatitis virus. 195913636068
some properties of the transmissible interfering component of vesicular stomatitis virus preparations. 195913798559
a transmissible interfering component of vesicular stomatitis virus preparations. 195913811805
studies on persistent infections of tissue cultures. iv. evidence for the production of an interferon in mcn cells by myxoviruses.in previous reports of this series, it was shown that persistent infection of mcn cultures with certain myxoviruses rendered the cells insusceptible to superinfection by several cytopathogenic viruses. it was thought that production of an interferon might be the cause of this resistance and efforts to confirm this suggestion have been presented. addition of ultraviolet-inactivated myxoviruses (mumps, newcastle disease, influenza a, and sendai) to mcn cultures for periods of 2 to 3 hours, followe ...195914401038
changes in cellular ribonucleic acid during growth of vesicular stomatitis virus in chick cell culture. 195913839877
the development and structure of vesicular stomatitis virus. 196214449377
the fluorescent antibody technique applied to vesicular stomatitis virus using serum fractionated with ethodin. 196214448808
multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus in aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. 196214477586
immunodiffusion studies on the antigenic relationships within and between serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus. 196214477721
studies on the response of rabbits and guinea pogs to inoculation with vesicular stomatitis virus. 196214477722
quantitative studies on viral interference in suspended l cells. ii. factors affecting interference by uv-irradiated newcastle disease virus against vesicular stomatitis virus. 196213876258
effect of x-rays on plaque-forming ability of vesicular stomatitis virus. 196213911543
electron microscopic studies on the development of vesicular stomatitis virus in kb cells.the development of vesicular stomatitis virus in kb cells was studied by electron microscopy. sections of infected cells were made 1, 4, 7, 10, and 20 hours after inoculation of the cell cultures, and at the same intervals the supernatant fluid was assayed for virus titer by the plaque test in chick embryo cells. at 10, 14, and 20 hours after inoculation, virus rods were observed attached to cytoplasmic membranes, inside cytoplasmic vacuoles, and attached to the membranes delimiting these vacuol ...196313936869
interferon production by mouse leukocytes in vitro and in vivo.vaccinia virus penetrates, or is phagocytosed by, mouse leukocytes in vitro. a cytotoxic effect is observed, but no new infectious virus is produced. vaccinia virus, as infectious particles, is eliminated from a culture of leukocytes at a more rapid rate than can be accounted for by thermal inactivation. leukocytes infected with vaccinia virus produce a substance with the properties of interferon. the evidence presented suggests that leukocytes also produce interferon in vivo and that this inter ...196313948365
stress and susceptibility to viral infections. ii. sound stress and susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus. 196313957641
viral susceptibility and embryonic differentiation. 1. the histopathology of mouse kidney rudiments infected with polyoma and vesicular stomatitis viruses in vitro. 196313986967
the neutralization test for vesicular stomatitis virus in chicken embryos and tissue cultures. 196313995683
viral susceptibility and embryonic differentiation. 2. immunofluorescence studies of viral infection in the developing mouse kidney in vitro. 196313995766
circulating interferon in mice after intravenous injection of virus.circulating interferon was detectable in mouse serum within 1 hour after the intravenous injection of various types of virus and it reached maximum levels in about 4 hours. rapidly produced interferon may play a role in the pathogenesis of viral infection and in viral interference.196314043352
purification of vesicular stomatitis virus and the analysis of p32-labeled viral components. 196314043410
biologic properties of two plaque variants of vesicular stomatitis virus (indiana serotype). 196314056363
interference and interferon in persistent viral infections of cell cultures. 196314061370
quantitative studies on viral interference in suspended l cells. iv. production and assay of interferon. 196314062902
quantitative studies on viral interference in suspended l cells. v. persistence of protection in growing cultures. 196314062908
a rapid complement-fixation test for identification of vesicular stomatitis virus in cattle. 196314080516
[structure and mode of multiplication of animal virus types. 5. experimental part: studies on the multiplication of the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, of the vesicular stomatitis virus and the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. 196314109006
effect of x-irradiation on the response of animal cells to virus. 196314157339
structure of animal virus particles. 196314157341
stress and susceptibility to viral infections. ii. sound stress and susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus. 196314029094
nucleic acids of measles and vesicular stomatitis viruses. 196313930170
studies on viral interference in two lines of hela cells. 196314018350
differences in response of hamster tumor cells induced by polyoma virus to interfering virus and interferon. 196314043031
purified interferons: physical properties and species specificity. 196414163319
studies on persistent infections of tissue cultures. v. the initial stages of infection of l(mcn) cells by newcastle disease virus.the initial stages of infection of l(mcn) cell populations with standard newcastle disease virus (ndv(st)) were analyzed in an effort to elucidate the steps leading to survival of the cultures and to the indefinite persistence of the infectious process at a low level. cells were exposed in suspension to ndv at varying multiplicities and the monolayer cultures derived from such cells assayed at intervals for cellular growth rates, percentage of infected cells as determined by immunofluorescence, ...196414178459
five new viral exanthems. 196414180572
prophylaxis of vesicular stomatitis: a field trial in guatemalan dairy cattle. 196414266886
stress and susceptibility to viral infections. 3. antibody response and viral retention during avoidance learning stress. 196414194632
a possible morphologic basis for the autointerference phenomenon in vesicular stomatitis virus. 196414208902
the disposition of lysosomal enzymes as related to specific viral cytopathic effects. 196414227058
heparin and related polyionic substances as virus inhibitors. 196414227873
the fine structure of cocal virus. 196414240397
cocal virus, a new agent in trinidad related to vesicular stomatitis virus, type indiana. 196414103231
[the interference between polyoma virus and vesicular stomatitis virus in mice]. 196514269255
the influence of previously x-irradiated aqueous solutions on the infectivity of the viruses of foot-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis. 196514283042
effect of actinomycin d on virus and endotoxin-induced interferonlike inhibitors in rabbits. 196514283202
inability of nucleic acid analogues to inhibit the synthesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. 196514295437
bovine leukemia. 196514325410
persistent infection of human conjunctiva cell cultures by myxovirus parainfluenza 3. 196514346128
some properties of the photodynamically inactivated rauscher mouse leukemia virus. 196514347548
evidence for a persistent viral infection in a cell line derived from burkitt's lymphoma.henle, gertrude (children's hospital of philadelphia, philadelphia, pa.), and werner henle. evidence for a persistent viral infection in a cell line derived from burkitt's lymphoma. j. bacteriol. 89:252-258. 1965.-exposure of a cell line (eb2) derived from burkitt's lymphoma to vesicular stomatitis (vsv) and certain other viruses revealed a marked resistance of the cultures to infection. intact, but not disintegrated lymphoma cells induced resistance to vsv in human embryonic kidney, amnion and ...196514255673
sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation of vesicular stomatitis virus duing replication in chick embryo cells. 196514282685
cross-reactions among gamma-globulins of various species in indirect immunofluorescence. 196514322570
cytopathogenic mycoplasmas associated with two human tumors. i. isolation and biological aspects.armstrong, d. (the children's hospital of philadelphia, philadelphia, pa.), g. henle, n. l. somerson, and l. hayflick. cytopathogenic mycoplasmas associated with two human tumors. i. isolation and biological aspects. j. bacteriol. 90:418-424. 1965.-mycoplasmas were isolated from cell cultures of two benign human tumors. the first isolate contained two mycoplasmas, one a well-known human species (mycoplasma hominis type i) and frequent tissue culture contaminant, and the other a recently reported ...196514329455
cocal virus epizootiology in bush bush forest and the nariva swamp, trinidad, w.i.: further studies. 196514319144
the ability of sendai virus to overcome cellular resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus. ii. the possible role of interferon. 19654283907
the ability of sendai virus to overcome cellular resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus. i. general characteristics of the system. 19654283973
[mouse disease due to vesicular stomatitis virus. i. spread of the virus dependent on the age of the mouse]. 19654286858
[mouse disease due to vesicular stomatitis virus. ii. pathology of organ lesions and the involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems]. 19654286859
density gradient centrifugation studies of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19654286861
latent period of vesicular stomatitis virus in chick embryo cells. 19654286459
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