| intranasal immunization of mice with a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces superior immunity and protection compared to those by subcutaneous delivery or combinations of intranasal and subcutaneous prime-boost strategies. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infects cells of the respiratory mucosa, so it is desirable to develop a vaccination strategy that induces mucosal immunity. to achieve this, various delivery routes were compared for formalin-inactivated (fi) brsv formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) and polyphosphazene (pp). intranasal delivery of the fi-brsv formulation was superior to subcutaneous delivery in terms of antibody, cell-mediated, and mucosal immune responses, as well as reducti ... | 2010 | 19864487 |
| acute phase protein changes in calves during an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | bovine acute phase proteins (apps), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp), serum amyloid a (saa), haptoglobin (hp) and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (agp) were evaluated as inflammatory markers during an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease (brd) caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). calves (n = 10) presented mild to moderate signs of respiratory disease. secondary bacterial infections, pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma dispar as major species, were detected in tracheobronchi ... | 2011 | 19897247 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in endemic dairy cattle herds. | the herd seroprevalence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was studied in 59 dairy cattle herds using serology on random selected animals stratified by two age classes (heifers, cows). risk factors for primary infections in heifers were investigated using a questionnaire on management conditions and data on bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) status. at least one seropositive cow was present in all the herds. in 25% of the herds all individual were seropositive and 22% of herds had all heifer ... | 2010 | 19921456 |
| bovine respiratory disease research (1983-2009). | bovine respiratory disease (brd) research has provided significant understanding of the disease over the past 26 years. modern research tools that have been used include monoclonal antibodies, genomics, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (ihc), dna vaccines and viral vectors coding for immunogens. emerging/reemerging viruses and new antigenic strains of viruses and bacteria have been identified. methods of detection and the role for cattle persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea ... | 2009 | 20003649 |
| update on viral pathogenesis in brd. | many viruses, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenzavirus-3 (pi3), bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine reovirus, have been etiologically associated with respiratory disease in cattle. this review focuses on the pathogenesis of bhv-1 and brsv, two very different agents that primarily cause disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract, respectively. | 2009 | 20003652 |
| a single vaccination with an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine primes the cellular immune response in calves with maternal antibody. | the efficacy of a single dose of an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv)--parainfluenaza type 3 (pi3)--mannheimia haemolytica (mh) combination vaccine, in calves positive for maternal antibodies, was established in a brsv infection study. | 2010 | 20064236 |
| differential expression of cytokine transcripts in neonatal and adult ovine alveolar macrophages in response to respiratory syncytial virus or toll-like receptor ligation. | alveolar macrophages (amvarphis) secrete regulatory molecules that are believed to be critical in maintaining normal lung homeostasis. however, in response to activating signals, amvarphis have been shown to become highly phagocytic cells capable of secreting significant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. there is evidence to suggest that susceptibility of mvarphi subpopulations to viral infection, and their subsequent cytokine/chemokine response, is dependent on age of the host. in the prese ... | 2010 | 20207014 |
| evaluation of a commercial real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction kit for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. | recently a commercial real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) kit has been marketed for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). however, diagnostic interpretation of the results of this kit requires its comparison to commonly used methods. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of this kit in comparison with the conventional direct fluorescent antibody test (fat). twenty brsv strains and 14 heterologous bovine viruses ... | 2010 | 20224083 |
| a new subunit vaccine based on nucleoprotein nanoparticles confers partial clinical and virological protection in calves against bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses (hrsv and brsv) are two closely related, worldwide prevalent viruses that are the leading cause of severe airway disease in children and calves, respectively. efficacy of commercial bovine vaccines needs improvement and no human vaccine is licensed yet. we reported that nasal vaccination with the hrsv nucleoprotein produced as recombinant ring-shaped nanoparticles (n(srs)) protects mice against a viral challenge with hrsv. the aim of this work was t ... | 2010 | 20307593 |
| effects of prolonged formalin fixation on the immunohistochemical detection of infectious agents in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | immunohistochemistry is commonly used to detect and characterize infectious agents in diagnostic pathology. the principal advantage of immunohistochemistry over other antigen detection techniques is the ability to identify antigen within the context of histologic lesions. although epitope masking attributed to formalin fixation, especially prolonged fixation, has been considered a limiting factor in diagnostic immunohistochemistry, only a few studies have evaluated the immunohistochemical detect ... | 2010 | 20332424 |
| associations between bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections and animal performance in swedish dairy herds. | to assess the economic impact of bovine coronavirus (bcv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infections, accurate estimates of their associated effects on animal performance are needed. this study aimed to quantify the variation in individual test-day milk yield and somatic cell count, risk of reproductive failure after first service of dairy cows, and risk of death of calves and heifers according to the bcv and brsv status of the herd. three types of status were defined for bcv and b ... | 2010 | 20338429 |
| bighorn sheep fetal lung cell line for detection of respiratory viruses. | pneumonia is an important disease of bighorn sheep (bhs) that is primarily responsible for the drastic decline in numbers of these animals in north america. members of the genus mannheimia and pasteurella have frequently been isolated from the pneumonic lungs of bhs. antibodies to several respiratory viruses, including bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), have been detected in herd ... | 2010 | 20357964 |
| immunogenicity of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus when administered intranasally in young calves. | the immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine in 3-8 day old calves was evaluated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). calves were intranasally vaccinated with a single dose of a multivalent mlv vaccine and were challenged with one of the respective viruses three to four weeks post-vaccination in five separate studi ... | 2010 | 20381643 |
| autonomic dysfunction with early respiratory syncytial virus-related infection. | apparent life-threatening events (alte) and/or prolonged apnoea have been well-documented during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants less than 2 months of age but fundamental mechanisms remain unclear. the possibility of a central origin for the development of severe cardiac and respiratory events encouraged us, to explore the autonomic nervous system (ans) profile of infected infants, since ans activity may contribute to the constellation of symptoms observed during severe fo ... | 2010 | 20399711 |
| response to experimentally induced infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus following intranasal vaccination of seropositive and seronegative calves. | to determine whether a combination modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine can stimulate protective immunity in young brsv-seropositive calves following intranasal (in) administration. | 2010 | 20433400 |
| ros mediate brassinosteroids-induced plant stress responses. | brassinosteroids (brs) play important roles in the complex network of plant signal transduction that regulates plant growth and development. field and greenhouse trials have shown that exogenous brs can also improve plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. we have recently shown that application of exogenous br enhances while inhibition of endogenous br biosynthesis compromises the tolerance to photo-oxidative and cold stresses and resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in cucumber plants. the ... | 2010 | 20436298 |
| spatial patterns of bovine corona virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the swedish beef cattle population. | both bovine coronavirus (bcv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infections are currently wide-spread in the swedish dairy cattle population. surveys of antibody levels in bulk tank milk have shown very high nationwide prevalences of both bcv and brsv, with large variations between regions. in the swedish beef cattle population however, no investigations have yet been performed regarding the prevalence and geographical distribution of bcv and brsv. a cross-sectional serological survey ... | 2010 | 20492637 |
| the relationship between antibody status to bovine corona virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus and disease incidence, reproduction and herd characteristics in dairy herds. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine corona virus (bcv) affects cattle worldwide. our objective was to evaluate the effects of these infections on general health and reproduction parameters measurable on herd level and to explore the association between antibody status and some herd characteristics. | 2010 | 20525326 |
| age-dependent differences in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections related to the development of natural immunocompetence. | the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections appears to differ with age in both humans and bovines. a primary rsv infection in naïve infants and in young calves runs a more severe course when they are 1-6 months old than in their first month of life. the relative lack of clinical signs in the first month of age may be due to high levels of maternally derived neutralizing antibodies or low exposure to infectious virus. this study examined whether age-dependent differences in the p ... | 2010 | 20554798 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease and a major contributor to the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. brsv infects the upper and lower respiratory tract and is shed in nasal secretions. the close relatedness of brsv to human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) has allowed researchers to use brsv and hrsv to elucidate the mechanisms by which these viruses induce disease. attempted vaccine production using formalin-inactivated vaccine resulted in ... | 2010 | 20619187 |
| risk factors for seropositivity to bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in dairy herds. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association between herd-level characteristics, management routines and farm-level antibody status of bovine coronavirus (bcv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in 257 swedish dairy herds. the possible spatial clustering of positive herds compared with negative herds was also investigated. for each herd, a pooled milk sample from five primiparous cows was analysed for the presence of antibodies to bcv and brsv. herd-level informat ... | 2010 | 20693503 |
| microbiological and pathological examination of fatal calf pneumonia cases induced by bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens. | the infectious origin of fatal cases of calf pneumonia was studied in 48 calves from 27 different herds on postmortem examination. lung tissue samples were examined by pathological, histological, bacterial culture, virus isolation and immunohistochemical methods for the detection of viral and bacterial infections. pneumonia was diagnosed in 47/48 cases and infectious agents were found in 40/47 (85%) of those cases. the presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 23/40 (57.5%) cases indicated t ... | 2010 | 20713325 |
| assessment of ige response and cytokine gene expression in pulmonary efferent lymph collected after ovalbumin inhalation during experimental infection of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | to assess ige response and cytokine gene expressions in pulmonary lymph collected from bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv)-infected calves after ovalbumin inhalation. | 2011 | 21194346 |
| prevalence of pasteurella multocida and other respiratory pathogens in the nasal tract of scottish calves. | the prevalence of pasteurella multocida, a cause of bovine respiratory disease, was studied in a random sample of beef suckler and dairy farms throughout scotland, by means of a cross-sectional survey. a total of 637 calves from 68 farms from six geographical regions of scotland were sampled between february and june 2008. deep nasal swabs were taken, and samples that were culture-positive for p multocida were confirmed by pcr. prevalence of p multocida was 17 per cent (105 of 616 calves); 47 pe ... | 2010 | 21257416 |
| development and evaluation of a luminex multiplex serology assay to detect antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, with comparison to existing elisa detection methods. | detection of circulating antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) using elisa is widely used for veterinary diagnostics and surveillance. in this paper, the potential of a multiplex serology test based on luminex technology, where all antibodies are simultaneously detected in a single assay was investigated. the performance of "in-house" separate elisas which use relatively crude l ... | 2011 | 21277304 |
| rescue of newcastle disease virus from cloned cdna using an rna polymerase ii promoter. | a new system was developed to improve the efficiency and simplify the procedure of recovery of newcastle disease virus (ndv) from cloned cdna. a full-length cdna clone of mesogenic ndv vaccine strain mukteswar was assembled from five subgenomic cdna fragments and cloned into a plasmid allowing transcription driven by cellular rna polymerase ii. the full-length viral cdna was flanked by hammerhead ribozyme (hamrz) and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (hdvrz) sequences, resulted in the synthesis of ... | 2011 | 21327786 |
| the probability of extinction in a bovine respiratory syncytial virus epidemic model. | backward bifurcation is a relatively recent yet well-studied phenomenon associated with deterministic epidemic models. it allows for the presence of multiple subcritical endemic equilibria, and is generally found only in models possessing a reasonable degree of complexity. one particular aspect of backward bifurcation that appears to have been virtually overlooked in the literature is the potential influence its presence might have on the behaviour of any analogous stochastic model. indeed, the ... | 2011 | 21376734 |
| acute-phase proteins: as diagnostic tool. | the varied reactions of the host to infection, inflammation, or trauma are collectively known as the acute-phase response and encompass a wide range of pathophysiological responses such as pyrexia, leukocytosis, hormone alterations, and muscle protein depletion combining to minimize tissue damage while enhancing the repair process. the mechanism for stimulation of hepatic production of acute-phase proteins is by proinflammatory cytokines. the functions of positive acute-phase proteins (app) are ... | 2011 | 21430962 |
| animal models of human respiratory syncytial virus disease. | infection with the human pneumovirus pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), causes a wide spectrum of respiratory disease, notably among infants and the elderly. laboratory animal studies permit detailed experimental modeling of hrsv disease and are therefore indispensable in the search for novel therapies and preventative strategies. current animal models include several target species for hrsv, including chimpanzees, cattle, sheep, cotton rats and mice, as well as alternative animal pne ... | 2011 | 21571908 |
| protection from persistent infection with a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1b strain by a modified-live vaccine containing bvdv types 1a and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | recent studies showed that bvdv-1b subgenotype is dominant in north and south american field bvdv isolates. however, nearly all commercially available bvdv-1 vaccines contain bvdv-1a strains. in order to study the efficacy of bvdv-1a vaccine against bvdv-1b infection, this study was designed to evaluate a modified-live vaccine (mlv) containing bvdv-1a and bvdv-2 strains for its efficacy in prevention of persistent infection of fetuses against bvdv-1b strain, when the heifers were vaccinated prio ... | 2011 | 21596076 |
| genes controlling vaccine responses and disease resistance to respiratory viral pathogens in cattle. | farm animals remain at risk of endemic, exotic and newly emerging viruses. vaccination is often promoted as the best possible solution, and yet for many pathogens, either there are no appropriate vaccines or those that are available are far from ideal. a complementary approach to disease control may be to identify genes and chromosomal regions that underlie genetic variation in disease resistance and response to vaccination. however, identification of the causal polymorphisms is not straightforw ... | 2011 | 21621277 |
| seroepidemiological study of bovine respiratory viruses (brsv, bohv-1, pi-3v, bvdv, and bav-3) in dairy cattle in central region of iran (esfahan province). | respiratory diseases in calves are responsible for major economic losses in both beef and dairy production. several viruses, such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bohv-1), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (bpi-3v), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine adenoviruses (bav), are detected in most clinical cases with respiratory signs. the aim of this study is to define seroprevalences of five major viral causes of bovine respiratory infections in cattle in ce ... | 2011 | 21667075 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs. | abstract: | 2011 | 21827668 |
| prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased, non-vaccinated, routinely medicated veal calves. | the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased veal calves was determined in 24 respiratory disease outbreaks in 15 herds in belgium. bacteria were cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs and seroconversion against viruses and mycoplasma bovis was determined on paired sera. at the individual calf level, mycoplasma species, mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida, were isolated from 70.5 per cent, 21.5 per cent and 26.0 per cent of swabs, respectively. at the herd level, the presence of ... | 2011 | 21831999 |
| establishment of a novel ovine kidney cell line for isolation and propagation of viruses infecting domestic cloven-hoofed animal species. | a sheep kidney-derived cell line, flk-n3, was successfully established after serial (>100) passages. persistent infection of this cell line with viruses and mycoplasma was not detected. the cells grew well and showed susceptibility to a wide variety of viruses derived from ovine, bovine, and porcine species, including orf virus, maedi visna virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2, bovine coronavirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bov ... | 2011 | 21695582 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus iscoms-immunity, protection and safety in young conventional calves. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in cattle and causes yearly outbreaks with high morbidity in europe. commercial vaccines against this virus needs improvement of efficacy, especially in calves with brsv-specific maternally derived antibodies (mda). we previously reported that an experimental brsv-iscom vaccine, but not a commercial vaccine, induced strong clinical and virological protection in calves with mda, immunized at 7-15 weeks of ag ... | 2011 | 21864616 |
| Serological evaluation of relationship between viral pathogens (BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI-3V, and Adeno3) and dairy calf pneumonia by indirect ELISA. | In this study, viral pathogens associated with nine outbreaks of naturally occurring dairy calf pneumonia in Mashhad area of Khorasan Razavi province from September 2008 to May 2009 were assessed. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for examination. Acute and convalescent serum samples were taken from calves with signs of respiratory disease. Sera were analyzed for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus ... | 2011 | 22198538 |
| comparison of four rt-pcr assays for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | rt-pcr assays for detection of brsv, based on four different sets of primers were optimized and evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity. primers used in this study were specific for genes encoding three brsv proteins, nucleoprotein n and glycoproteins f and g. our results indicated that rt-pcr with primers b7:b8 for g protein was the most efficient in detecting brsv. starters b7:b8 reacted specifically only with brsv strains, no cross-reaction with other closely related viruses to brsv w ... | 2011 | 21957740 |
| reversible autonomic dysfunction during antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection: anti-hcv therapy and autonomic function. | the first clinical sign of chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection can be one of the various extrahepatic manifestations. during antiviral treatment, symptoms of hcv-associated neuropathies usually improve, but can also worsen and lead to discontinuation of anti-hcv therapy. recently, we have reported autonomic dysfunction in patients with hcv infection. | 2011 | 22087127 |
| association of herd bhv-1 seroprevalence with respiratory disease in youngstock in estonian dairy cattle. | the associations between herd bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) seroprevalence, along with other infectious and farm management factors with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in dairy calves and heifers, were investigated. serum samples from 103 dairy cattle herds were analyzed for antibodies against bhv-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and mycoplasma bovis (m. bovis). a questionnaire was used to record herd management practices. a high occurrence of re ... | 2011 | 22100246 |
| effect of injectable trace minerals on the humoral immune response to multivalent vaccine administration in beef calves. | the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral responses of calves receiving a viral vaccination. beef steer calves (n = 99; average bw = 316 ± 4.2 kg), seronegative for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus, genotypes 1 and 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2) were sourced from 2 locations. all calves, except 15 non-vaccinated (sentinel) calves, received a single dose of a multivalent modified live vaccine (titanium 5; agrilabs, s ... | 2011 | 22178855 |
| [Detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus by RT-PCR]. | The paper presents the results of studying the diagnostic efficiency of RT-PCR for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in cattle of different ages. Glycoprotein F gene sequences were used as a target for amplification. The sensitivity of the reaction was 10 TCD50/ml and the virus detection rate in biomaterials averaged 19%. samples. That in RT-PCR correlated with the presence of clinical signs in sick animals. | 2011 | 22171476 |
| Phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses from recent outbreaks in feedlot and dairy cattle herds. | Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the major causes of bovine respiratory disease worldwide. In order to study the molecular epidemiology of the virus, samples from 30 BRSV outbreaks in cattle herds located in different parts of Sweden were collected from 2007 to 2011. The samples were analyzed by PCR, and the glycoprotein (G) gene was sequenced. BRSV was detected in outbreaks of respiratory disease in both dairy and feedlot herds most often during the winter period but also dur ... | 2011 | 22209787 |
| [Diagnosis of bovine viral respiratory diseases]. | Enzootic bronchopneumonia (EBP) is an infectious, multifactorial respiratory disease of cattle. Different viruses may be involved in its pathogenesis. In this study an adapted method of endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of caudal parts of the right cranial lung lobe was established and evaluated. The obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) served as template for the detection of BRSV, BPIV-3 and BCoV specific nucleic acids by RT-PCR. BALF samples of 44 cattle affected with respiratory ... | 2011 | 21971671 |
| [pilot study: serological research of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and mannheimia haemolytica in young cattle at dairy farms in the netherlands]. | | 2011 | 21870575 |
| use of rapid human respiratory syncytial virus strip tests for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally vaccinated calves. | three different rapid strip tests: tru rsv, binaxnow rsv and rsv respi-strip were compared with rt-pcr and elisa brsv ag for the ability to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in nasal swabs collected from calves experimentally vaccinated with live vaccine rispoval rs-pi3. the reference strains of brsv (375 and a51908) were detected by elisa brsv ag whereas the strains of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) were not. all rapid stri ... | 2012 | 23390751 |
| neonatal calf infection with respiratory syncytial virus: drawing parallels to the disease in human infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral cause of childhood acute lower respiratory tract infections. it is estimated that rsv infections result in more than 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. bovine rsv is a cause of enzootic pneumonia in young dairy calves and summer pneumonia in nursing beef calves. furthermore, bovine rsv plays a significant role in bovine respiratory disease complex, the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among feedlot cattle. infection of cal ... | 2012 | 23342375 |
| the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) model of acute respiratory infection. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is related to the human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pathogens, and has been used to study respiratory virus replication and the ensuing inflammatory response as a component of a natural host—pathogen relationship. as such, pvm infection in mice reproduces many of the clinical and pathologic features of the more severe forms of rsv infection in human infants. here we review some of the most recent findings on the basic biology of pvm infection and it ... | 2012 | 23342367 |
| pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in north american feedlots conferring multidrug resistance via integrative conjugative elements. | in this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (brd)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 brd mortalities in alberta, canada (n = 42), texas (n = 6), and nebraska (n = 20) were screened using pcr for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 24478472 |
| the alternative respiratory pathway is involved in brassinosteroid-induced environmental stress tolerance in nicotiana benthamiana. | brassinosteroids (brs), plant steroid hormones, play essential roles in modulating cell elongation, vascular differentiation, senescence, and stress responses. however, the mechanisms by which brs regulate plant mitochondria and resistance to abiotic stress remain largely unclear. mitochondrial alternative oxidase (aox) is involved in the plant response to a variety of environmental stresses. in this report, the role of aox in br-induced tolerance against cold, polyethylene glycol (peg), and hig ... | 2015 | 26175355 |
| role of brassinosteroid signaling in modulating tobacco mosaic virus resistance in nicotiana benthamiana. | plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (brs), play essential roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. however, mechanisms by which brs interfere with plant resistance to virus remain largely unclear. in this study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches in combination with infection experiments to investigate the role of brs in plant defense against tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in nicotiana benthamiana. exogenous applied brs enhanced plant resistance to virus infection, w ... | 2016 | 26838475 |
| a putative hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involved in regulating plant growth and development. | we have functionally characterized an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) gene athsd1 (at5g50600) that encodes a protein with homology to animal 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd). transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing athsd1 (designated aohsd plants) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter showed increased growth and seed yield as well as increased tolerance of saline stress and reduced seed dormancy. in canola (brassica napus), transgenic plants overexpress ... | 2007 | 17616511 |
| histophilus somni stimulates expression of antiviral proteins and inhibits brsv replication in bovine respiratory epithelial cells. | our previous studies showed that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) followed by histophilus somni causes more severe bovine respiratory disease and a more permeable alveolar barrier in vitro than either agent alone. however, microarray analysis revealed the treatment of bovine alveolar type 2 (bat2) epithelial cells with h. somni concentrated culture supernatant (ccs) stimulated up-regulation of four antiviral protein genes as compared with brsv infection or dual treatment. this suggested ... | 2016 | 26859677 |
| immunological response to single pathogen challenge with agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex: an rna-sequence analysis of the bronchial lymph node transcriptome. | susceptibility to bovine respiratory disease (brd) is multi-factorial and is influenced by stress in conjunction with infection by both bacterial and viral pathogens. while vaccination is broadly used in an effort to prevent brd, it is far from being fully protective and cases diagnosed from a combination of observed clinical signs without any attempt at identifying the causal pathogens are usually treated with antibiotics. dairy and beef cattle losses from brd are profound worldwide and genetic ... | 2015 | 26121276 |
| phosphorylation of human metapneumovirus m2-1 protein upregulates viral replication and pathogenesis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major causative agent of upper- and lower-respiratory-tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals worldwide. like all pneumoviruses, hmpv encodes the zinc binding protein m2-1, which plays important regulatory roles in rna synthesis. the m2-1 protein is phosphorylated, but the specific role(s) of the phosphorylation in viral replication and pathogenesis remains unknown. in this study, we found that hmpv m2-1 is phosphorylated at a ... | 2016 | 27252537 |
| zinc binding activity of human metapneumovirus m2-1 protein is indispensable for viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a member of the pneumovirinae subfamily in the paramyxoviridae family that causes respiratory tract infections in humans. unlike members of the paramyxovirinae subfamily, the polymerase complex of pneumoviruses requires an additional cofactor, the m2-1 protein, which functions as a transcriptional antitermination factor. the m2-1 protein was found to incorporate zinc ions, although the specific role(s) of the zinc binding activity in viral replication and pathogen ... | 2015 | 25855728 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of brazilian plants (maytenus ilicifolia and aniba rosaeodora) against bovine herpesvirus type 5 and avian metapneumovirus. | medicinal plants are well known for their use in traditional folk medicine as treatments for many diseases including infectious diseases. | 2012 | 22873798 |
| estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in australian live export cattle. | the prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) was investigated in cattle prior to export. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: bovine coronavirus (bocv; betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), his ... | 2015 | 25525134 |
| mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens. | the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ... | 2014 | 24518275 |
| comparison of bovine coronavirus-specific and bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies in serum versus milk samples detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | bovine coronavirus (bcv; betacoronavirus 1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are significant causes of enteric and respiratory disease in beef and dairy cattle throughout the world. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are widely used to detect serum antibodies for herd monitoring and prevalence studies. in dairy herds, milk is more readily collected than serum. hence, in order to investigate the test agreement between serum and milk, both serum and milk samples from 105 cows ... | 2014 | 24309318 |
| serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa. | blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ... | 2015 | 25380366 |
| a serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in turkish zoos. | zoos and zoologic gardens make optimal environments for interspecies transmission of viral infections. there are seven zoos and several small zoologic collections in turkey. this study aimed to determine the current status of viral infections in captive ungulates living in these environments. blood samples were taken from 163 captive animals from two zoos. there were 39 cameroon sheep (ovis ammon f aries), 11 barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), 57 pygmy goats (capra hircus), 9 angora goats (capra ... | 2011 | 22946369 |
| development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ... | 2017 | 28070089 |
| serological detection of infection dynamics for respiratory viruses among dairy calves. | the aim of this study is to reveal infection dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) and bovine coronavirus (bcov), which are important viral pathogens of respiratory disease complex in ruminants. through such an analysis, the regression period of maternally derived antibodies and optimum vaccination time in calves can be recommended. a total ... | 2015 | 26380946 |
| recombinant bovine adenovirus-3 co-expressing bovine respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g and truncated glycoprotein gd of bovine herpesvirus-1 induce immune responses in cotton rats. | one of the impediments in the development of safe and cost effective vaccines for veterinary use has been the availability of appropriate delivery vehicle. we have chosen to develop and use bovine adenovirus (badv)-3 as vaccine delivery vector in cattle. here, we describe the construction of recombinant e3 deleted badv-3 vectors expressing single vaccine antigen (bav360; bovine respiratory syncytial virus g) or two vaccine antigens (bav851; bovine herpesvirus-1gdt and bovine respiratory syncytia ... | 2015 | 25173687 |
| immortalized sheep microglial cells are permissive to a diverse range of ruminant viruses. | ruminants, including sheep and goats (small ruminants), are key agricultural animals in many parts of the world. infectious diseases, including many viral diseases, are significant problems to efficient production of ruminants. unfortunately, reagents tailored to viruses of ruminants, and especially small ruminants, are lacking compared to other animals more typically used for biomedical research. | 2017 | 28293985 |
| dexamethasone treatment differentially alters viral shedding and the antibody and acute phase protein response after multivalent respiratory vaccination in beef steers. | our objective was to examine immunosuppression induced by dexamethasone (dex) administration in cattle on immunological responses to a multivalent respiratory vaccine containing replicating and nonreplicating agents. steers ( = 32; 209 ± 8 kg) seronegative to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v) were stratified by bw and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) acute immun ... | 2016 | 27695816 |
| effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpes virus 1 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus following administration of a modified-live virus vaccine in dairy calves. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of an injectable trace mineral (itm) supplement containing zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper on the humoral and cell mediated immune (cmi) responses to vaccine antigens in dairy calves receiving a modified-live viral (mlv) vaccine containing bvdv, bhv1, pi3v and brsv. a total of 30 dairy calves (3.5 months of age) were administered a priming dose of the mlv vaccine containing bhv1, bvdv1 & 2, brsv, pi3v, and an attenuated-live mannheimia-pasteurella b ... | 2016 | 27496747 |
| efficacy of intranasal vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1 for protection of seronegative and seropositive calves against respiratory disease. | objective to evaluate efficacy and duration of immunity of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) fraction of a trivalent vaccine also containing parainfluenza virus-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus fractions administered intranasally (in) for protection of calves against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). design controlled challenge study. animals 120 dairy calves (3 to 8 days old) seronegative for antibody against bhv-1 (experiments 1 and 2) or seropositive for maternally derived ... | 2016 | 27172345 |
| metagenomic characterization of the virome associated with bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle identified novel viruses and suggests an etiologic role for influenza d virus. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most costly disease affecting the cattle industry. the pathogenesis of brd is complex and includes contributions from microbial pathogens as well as host, environmental and animal management factors. in this study, we utilized viral metagenomic sequencing to explore the virome of nasal swab samples obtained from feedlot cattle with acute brd and asymptomatic pen-mates at six and four feedlots in mexico and the usa, respectively, in april-october 2015. twen ... | 2016 | 27154756 |
| detection and characterization of viruses as field and vaccine strains in feedlot cattle with bovine respiratory disease. | this study investigated viruses in bovine respiratory disease (brd) cases in feedlots, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine coronaviruses (bocv) and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v). nasal swabs were collected from 114 cattle on initial brd treatment. processing included modified live virus (mlv) vaccination. seven brd necropsy cases were included for 121 total cases. mean number of days on feed before first sa ... | 2016 | 27108192 |
| associations between exposure to viruses and bovine respiratory disease in australian feedlot cattle. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most important cause of clinical disease and death in feedlot cattle. respiratory viral infections are key components in predisposing cattle to the development of this disease. to quantify the contribution of four viruses commonly associated with brd, a case-control study was conducted nested within the national bovine respiratory disease initiative project population in australian feedlot cattle. effects of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv ... | 2016 | 26972273 |
| one year duration of immunity of the modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 and bovine herpesvirus-1 fractions of vista® once sq vaccine. | three studies were performed to determine the duration of immunity of the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) fractions of a commercially prepared modified-live vaccine. vista® once sq (vista®) vaccine contains five modified-live viruses, bvdv-1, bvdv-2, bhv-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus, and two modified-live bacteria, pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica. for all three studies, ... | 2016 | 26859238 |
| efficacy of four commercially available multivalent modified-live virus vaccines against clinical disease, viremia, and viral shedding in early-weaned beef calves exposed simultaneously to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and cattle acutely infected with bovine herpesvirus 1. | to evaluate the efficacy of 4 commercially available multivalent modified-live virus vaccines against clinical disease, viremia, and viral shedding caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) in early-weaned beef calves. | 2016 | 26709942 |
| effects of oral meloxicam administration to beef cattle receiving lipopolysaccharide administration or vaccination against respiratory pathogens. | this study evaluated the effects of oral meloxicam administration on metabolic, inflammatory, and acute-phase responses of beef cattle receiving a lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge (exp. 1; d -1 to 6) or vaccinated against respiratory pathogens (exp. 2; d 7 to 21). twenty-one angus steers ( = 11) and heifers ( = 10) were housed in individual pens on d -15 and were offered free-choice water, mineral-vitamin mix, and hay until d 21. in exp. 1, cattle were ranked on d -1 by sex and bw and assigned ... | 2015 | 26523594 |
| effects of vaccination against respiratory pathogens on feed intake, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in beef heifers. | the objective of this study was to evaluate intake, metabolic, inflammatory, and acute-phase responses in beef heifers vaccinated against pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease (brd). eighteen weaned angus heifers (initial bw 257 ± 3 kg; initial age 245 ± 2 d) were ranked by bw and allocated to 2 groups, which were assigned to 2 experiments of 7 d and the following treatments on d 1 of each experiment: 1) revaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 viru ... | 2015 | 26440344 |
| prediction of respiratory disease and diarrhea in veal calves based on immunoglobulin levels and the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival. | failure of passive transfer is a common problem in calves destined for veal production. at present it is unknown whether the risk for respiratory disease (brd) or neonatal calf diarrhea (ncd) in the veal herd is associated with total immunoglobulin (ig) and/or on the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival. therefore, the first objective of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to determine associations between serum protein fractions as determined by routine electropho ... | 2015 | 25937168 |
| structured literature review of responses of cattle to viral and bacterial pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. however, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. a structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion) in challenge models using common brd viral and bacterial pathog ... | 2017 | 25929158 |
| association of bovine respiratory disease or vaccination with serologic response in dairy heifer calves up to three months of age. | to investigate the association of bovine respiratory disease (brd) or vaccination with serologic response in calves. | 2015 | 25710760 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of commercially available vaccines against bovine herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza type 3 virus for mitigation of bovine respiratory disease complex in cattle. | to evaluate and analyze data from controlled studies on the effectiveness of vaccinating cattle with commercially available viral antigen vaccines for mitigation of the effects of bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc). | 2015 | 25517335 |
| patterns of detection of respiratory viruses in nasal swabs from calves in ireland: a retrospective study. | a retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence and seasonality of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine coronavirus (bocv), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine respiratory syncytical virus (brsv) and parainfluenza virus-3 (pi3v) in calves (aged three months and below) in ireland. results from real-time pcr testing, including cycle threshold values, conducted on nasal swabs (single or pooled) submitted from 1364 respiratory disease outbreaks between january 1, 2008 a ... | 2014 | 25037889 |
| comparison of levels and duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 in calves fed maternal colostrum or a colostrum-replacement product. | colostrum-replacement products are an alternative to provide passive immunity to neonatal calves; however, their ability to provide adequate levels of antibodies recognizing respiratory viruses has not been described. the objective of this study was to compare the serum levels of igg at 2 d of age and the duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), a ... | 2014 | 24688168 |
| infection of differentiated airway epithelial cells from caprine lungs by viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) are important pathogens associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc). non-bovine ruminants such as goats may also be infected and serve as a virus reservoir to be considered in the development of control strategies. to evaluate the susceptibility of caprine airway epithelial cells to infection by viruses of brdc, we established a culture system for different ... | 2014 | 24612951 |
| three viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex apply different strategies to initiate infection. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is the major cause of serious respiratory tract infections in calves. the disease is multifactorial, with either stress or reduced immunity allowing several pathogens to emerge. we investigated the susceptibility of bovine airway epithelial cells (baec) to infection by the three major viruses associated with the brdc: bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3). for this purpo ... | 2014 | 24548739 |
| blood collected on filter paper for wildlife serology: evaluating storage and temperature challenges of field collections. | filter-paper (fp) blood sampling can facilitate wildlife research and expand disease surveillance. previous work indicated that nobuto fp samples from caribou and reindeer (rangifer tarandus subspecies) had comparable sensitivity and specificity to serum samples (≥ 80% for both) in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (celisas) for brucella spp., neospora caninum, and west nile virus. the same sensitivity and specificity criteria were met in indirect elisas for brucella spp., bovine he ... | 2014 | 24499329 |
| blood collected on filter paper for wildlife serology: detecting antibodies to neospora caninum, west nile virus, and five bovine viruses in reindeer. | we compared nobuto filter paper (fp) whole-blood samples to serum for detecting antibodies to seven pathogens in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). serum and fp samples were collected from captive reindeer in 2008-2009. sample pairs (serum and fp eluates) were assayed in duplicate at diagnostic laboratories with the use of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (celisas) for neospora caninum and west nile virus (wnv); indirect elisa (ielisas) for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), pa ... | 2014 | 24484497 |
| a study of the effectiveness of a needle-free injection device compared with a needle and syringe used to vaccinate calves against bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses. | the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a needle-free injection device (nf) with a needle and syringe (ns) when used to vaccinate calves against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv). the study was conducted in two independent phases. ninety-six crossbred beef calves were vaccinated in the spring and 98 beef calves in the autumn. the calves were vaccinated using a nf or ns at 2 months of age (day 0) and again on day 119, with a mo ... | 2013 | 24011475 |
| effect of calf age and administration route of initial multivalent modified-live virus vaccine on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following subsequent administration of a booster vaccination at weaning in beef calves. | to compare immune responses following modified-live virus (mlv) vaccination at weaning after intranasal or sc administration of an mlv vaccine to beef calves at 2 or 70 days of age. | 2013 | 23363363 |
| coronavirus infection in intensively managed cattle with respiratory disease. | a detailed laboratory investigation identified bovine coronavirus (bcov) as the aetiological agent in an outbreak of respiratory disease at a semi-intensive beef cattle feedlot in south-east australia. the outbreak caused 30% morbidity in the resident population and also affected two cohorts of cattle that were newly introduced to the property. | 2012 | 23004228 |
| the effects of viral vaccination of dairy heifer calves on the incidence of respiratory disease, mortality, and growth. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is one of the most common infectious causes of morbidity and mortality in young dairy cattle. the objective of this randomized clinical trial was to determine the effectiveness of 1 or 2 doses of a 5-way, modified-live viral vaccine, administered to heifer calves before weaning to aid in the prevention of brd. the hypotheses were that vaccination would reduce the incidence of brd and mortality, and that 2 doses would be more effective than 1. a total of 2,874 hei ... | 2012 | 22959931 |
| effects of gastrointestinal parasites on parasite burden, rectal temperature, and antibody titer responses to vaccination and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus challenge. | thirty-three colostrum-deprived holstein bull calves (initial bw of 131 ± 4 kg) were used to determine the effect of timing of anthelmintic administration relative to vaccination on antibody titer response to vaccine component antigens. when calves were at least 3 mo of age, they were sorted randomly into individual pens and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups, treatments consisted of 1) dewormed 2 wk before vaccination (dpv), 2) dewormed at the time of vaccination (dv), or 3) control, vaccinate ... | 2012 | 22648753 |
| development and evaluation of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory diseases on the meso scale discovery platform. | a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpv-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was developed on the commercially available meso scale discovery (msd) platform. the multiplex elisa used the same antigens (relatively crude lysates of cultured virus) that are used in the current in-house separate elisas. testing a panel of field samples demonstrated th ... | 2012 | 22621944 |
| one-step multiplex real time rt-pcr for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus 3. | detection of respiratory viruses in veterinary species has traditionally relied on virus detection by isolation or immunofluorescence and/or detection of circulating antibody using elisa or serum neutralising antibody tests. multiplex real time pcr is increasingly used to diagnose respiratory viruses in humans and has proved to be superior to traditional methods. bovine respiratory disease (brd) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in housed cattle and virus infections can ... | 2012 | 22455597 |
| association of herd brsv and bhv-1 seroprevalence with respiratory disease and reproductive performance in adult dairy cattle. | the aim of this study was to detect the associations between bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) status of a herd and respiratory disease (brd) occurrence and reproductive performance in pregnant heifers and cows. the association between management-related factors and higher brd occurrence was also estimated. | 2012 | 22289165 |
| agreement among 4 sampling methods to identify respiratory pathogens in dairy calves with acute bovine respiratory disease. | four sampling techniques commonly are used for antemortem identification of pathogens from cattle with bovine respiratory disease (brd): the nasal swab (ns), guarded nasopharyngeal swab (nps), bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), and transtracheal wash (ttw). agreement among these methods has not been well characterized. | 2017 | 28295570 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus antibodies in bulk tank milk - risk factors and spatial analysis. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine coronavirus (bcov) are considered widespread among cattle in norway and worldwide. this cross-sectional study was conducted based on antibody-elisa of bulk tank milk (btm) from 1347 herds in two neighboring counties in western norway. the study aims were to determine the seroprevalence at herd level, to evaluate risk factors for brsv and bcov seropositivity, and to assess how these factors were associated with the spatial distribution of posit ... | 2016 | 27720029 |
| respiratory pathogens in québec dairy calves and their relationship with clinical status, lung consolidation, and average daily gain. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is 1 of the 2 most important causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. surprisingly, field data are scant concerning the prevalence of respiratory pathogens involved in brd in preweaned dairy calves, especially in small herds. | 2015 | 25619524 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus in swedish organic and conventional dairy herds. | infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine coronavirus (bocv) are endemic to the cattle populations in most countries, causing respiratory and/or enteric disease. it has been demonstrated that herds can remain free from these infections for several years also in high prevalence areas. organically managed (om) dairy herds have been shown to have lower seroprevalence of both viruses compared to conventionally managed (cm) herds. the objective of this study was to challeng ... | 2015 | 25582919 |
| evaluation of fast technology analysis (fta) cards as an improved method for specimen collection and shipment targeting viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease complex. | in order to improve the analytic quality of respiratory specimens collected from cattle for nucleic acid-based diagnosis, a study was undertaken to verify realtime pcr efficiency of specimens collected and stabilized on fta cards™, filter paper which is treated chemically. nucleic acids collected using fta cards without the need for a cold-chain or special liquid media handling provided realtime pcr results consistent (96.8% agreement, kappa 0.923 [95% ci=0.89-0.96]) with the same specimens coll ... | 2014 | 24657552 |
| occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in norway. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. the seroprevalence to brsv in norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. the aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of brsv and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of brd and to perform phylogenetic analysis of norwegian brsv strains. | 2014 | 24423030 |