Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparative analysis of the attachment protein gene (h) of dolphin morbillivirus. | dmv, dolphin morbillivirus, a paramyxovirus of uncertain origin recently emerged in mediterranean dolphins. this study presents the complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (h) gene including the gene boundaries. the single open reading frame of the dmv h gene encodes a protein of 604 residues which exhibits overall sequence characteristics similar to the h genes of other morbilliviruses. when compared to its closest homologues, measles virus (mv) and rinderpest virus (rpv), dmv has, re ... | 1996 | 8725120 |
| ultrastructure of equine morbillivirus. | the ultrastructure of the equine morbillivirus (emv) which was implicated in the death of one human and fourteen horses in queensland, australia during september 1994 and a 36 year old man from queensland in october 1995 is described. the ultrastructure of the virus and the intracellular virus-specific structures are characteristic for the family paramyxoviridae. cytoplasmic nucleocapsids were observed within the infected cells monolayers, endothelial cells (lung) of infected horses and the neur ... | 1996 | 8822630 |
| rinderpest and other animal morbillivirus infections: comparative aspects and recent developments. | the genus morbillivirus presently comprises measles virus of man, rinderpest virus (rpv), peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv), and canine distemper virus (cdv). 'emerging' morbilliviruses, such as phocid distemper virus (pdv) of seals, dolphin (dmv) and porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) have probably been present for a long period of time and outbreaks are possibly related to introduction into a highly susceptible population and/or be the result of interspecies transmission. in this review some c ... | 1996 | 8885706 |
| synthesis of leader rna and editing of p mrna during transcription by rinderpest virus. | purified rinderpest virus was earlier shown to transcribe in vitro, all virus-specific mrnas with the promoter-proximal n mrna being the most abundant. presently, this transcription system has been shown to synthesize full length monocistronic mrnas comparable to those made in infected cells. small quantities of bi- and tricistronic mrnas are also synthesized. rinderpest virus synthesizes in vitro, a leader rna of approximately 55 nucleotides in length. purified rinderpest virus also exhibits rn ... | 1996 | 8725103 |
| novel ntp binding property of rice dwarf phytoreovirus minor core protein p5. | rice dwarf phytoreovirus (rdv) mrna synthesized from purified virion has a cap structure, m7gpppam-, which suggests the presence of guanylyltransferase activity in the virion. we attempted to identify the enzyme involved in the cap formation by using a nucleoside triphosphate binding assay. incubation of virion with [alpha-32p]gtp resulted in labeling of an 89-kda protein that had not previously been identified in purified virus preparations. interestingly this protein also covalently bound utp ... | 1996 | 8638413 |
| relative ability of different bovine leukocyte populations to support active replication of rinderpest virus. | bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were infected with the pathogenic saudi isolate of rinderpest virus (rpv) in order to identify the cell subpopulation(s) susceptible to active replication of this virus. flow cytometry analysis, using a monoclonal antibody recognizing the h glycoprotein of rpv, showed that monocytes were the main subpopulation in which the virus replicated, whereas <2% of lymphocytes expressed viral antigen. the activation of pbmc with concanavalin a before infect ... | 1996 | 8676465 |
| the genome sequence of the virulent kabete 'o' strain of rinderpest virus: comparison with the derived vaccine. | we have compared the complete genome sequences of the vaccine strain of rinderpest virus and the virulent strain from which it was derived. only 87 bases differed between the two genomes (0.55%). possibly significant differences in amino acid sequence were found in the n, p, f, h and l proteins. a number of differences were also found in the leader region (3' end of the genome), whilst the trailer region appears to be more conserved. in addition, the length of the genome was found in both cases ... | 1996 | 9000095 |
| p2 protein encoded by genome segment s2 of rice dwarf phytoreovirus is essential for virus infection. | loss of infectivity to insect vector cell monolayers of rice dwarf phytoreovirus (rdv) after ccl4 treatment was associated with the removal of one of the viral proteins from the virus particles. this protein, encoded by genome segment s2 and thus named p2 protein, was located at the outer capsid of the virus particle. when rdv was treated with ccl4 for various times, the reduction in the amount of p2 protein and the loss of viral infectivity to vector cell monolayers were proportional to treatme ... | 1996 | 8874514 |
| epidemiologic association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus, rinderpest disease virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in a buffalo herd. | the association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and rinderpest disease virus (rpdv) in buffaloes was investigated in a cross-sectional study. thirty-six lactating buffaloes from a herd in landhi cattle colony, karachi were bled and serum samples subjected to a micro-neutralisation test at the plum island animal disease center, usa, to categorise each buffalo either as positive or negative against each of 3 viral ... | 1996 | 8888525 |
| inhibition of replication of rinderpest virus by 5-fluorouracil. | 5-fluorouracil (5fu), an analogue of uracil, was found to inhibit the production of infectious particles of rinderpest virus (rpv) in vero cells (african green monkey kidney cells) by 99%, at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. the levels of individual mrna specific for five of the virus genes were also reduced drastically, while the level of mrna for a cellular housekeeping gene-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh)-was unaltered by fluorouracil treatment of infected cells. both virus ... | 1996 | 8793007 |
| stabilization of rinderpest vaccine by modification of the lyophilization process. | rinderpest (rp), a lethal disease of cattle, was almost eradicated from the african continent under joint project 15 (jp15), using an excellent modified live virus vaccine. due to marked instability of the vaccine, a cold chain was required to ensure that the vaccine was potent at the time of application. rinderpest re-emerged in the early 1980s. the pan african rinderpest campaign (parc) was developed to combat the new epidemic. for parc to be efficacious and affordable, there was a clear need ... | 1996 | 8854023 |
| [evaluation of vaccinal protection against rinderpest in cameroon. iii. general evaluation]. | the national veterinary laboratory, garoua (cameroon) has been carrying out rinderpest sero-surveillance since 1989 as part of an effort made by the panafrican rinderpest campaign (parc) to control rinderpest in africa. in 1993, 8517 serum samples collected from 286 cattle herds (from 0 to 3 years old) randomly chosen from six provinces with large cattle population (far-north, north, adamaoua, east, west, north-west) were tested using the rinderpest competitive elisa technique; the herd immunity ... | 1996 | 8881414 |
| immunohistochemical detection of rinderpest virus: effects of autolysis and period of fixation. | samples of eyelid, tongue, soft palate and palatine tonsil were collected from calves infected experimentally with rinderpest virus. the tissues were fixed in 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin immediately, 24 or 48 hours post mortem. then, after three days, 10 days, 28 days or three months in formalin, they were processed into paraffin blocks and examined immunohistochemically for rinderpest viral antigen. the tonsil was the best of the four tissues in providing a consistently positive immun ... | 1996 | 8685543 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin gene of the la strain of rinderpest virus, a seed virus strain used for vaccine production in japan. | the sequence of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the la strain of rinderpest virus (rpv) has been determined by the direct sequencing method. the amino acid sequence of the protein which it encodes displays conservation of its structural determinants with the ha proteins of the other rpv strains. the la-ha protein was shown to have three conserved potential n-linked glycosylation sites, compared with four such sites in the ha protein of l strain. the glycosylation site at position 200 on the l-ha ... | 1996 | 8877976 |
| adaptation of caprinised rinderpest virus to grow in vero cells in vitro. | caprinised rinderpest virus gtv strain (gtv) was adapted to grow in vero cells (vgtv) by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of infected goat spleenocytes with non-infected vero cells. the usual methods of infection of cell culture, i.e. virus adsorption or co-cultivation, were not successful. vgtv-induced cytopathic changes in vero cells were similar to those reported for rinderpest virus. virus titers increased with the passage number but the virulence for goats decreased. immunoblot analysis ... | 1996 | 8886098 |
| long-term immunity in cattle vaccinated with a recombinant rinderpest vaccine. | 1995 | 8966974 | |
| regulatory framework and requirements for managing risks associated with veterinary biological products in africa: present systems and future needs. | veterinary vaccines are considered to be medicinal products. as such, they are subject to assessment for managing risks associated with their marketing and use. the current risk assessment procedures used in africa are based on the quality testing methods standardised by the pan-african veterinary vaccine centre (panvac). the authors examine the risk assessment procedures related to the importation of products and to the release of live products into the environment. the lack of infrastructures, ... | 1995 | 8639954 |
| recent developments in the diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants. | effective implementation of control measures for rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants requires that a proper and rapid diagnosis of the disease is made. peste de petits ruminants (ppr) can be confused clinically with other infections such as pasteurellosis or contagious ecthyma. rinderpest, in its classical form, is easy to identify clinically; however, mass vaccination in many countries and also the emergence of mild strains of the virus have made clinical diagnosis more difficult. clinica ... | 1995 | 8588326 |
| [first- time isolation of the peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus in chad and experimental induction of the disease]. | in chad, in 1993-1994, investigation into "peste des petits ruminants" (ppr) outbreaks were carried out in flocks of sahelian goats. although in the early 1993 outbreaks the virus had not been isolated yet, a serological prevalence (34%) was observed using elisa test in 475 sera collected in the infested area. the virus was then isolated for the first time in chad and typical ppr cases were observed in sahelian goats, known to be little sensitive to the virus. to experimentally induce the diseas ... | 1995 | 8734226 |
| [evaluation of vaccinal protection against rinderpest in cameroon. ii. the north province]. | cameroon joined the sero-survey component of the parc (pan african rinderpest campaign) program in 1989. during the 1992 campaign, a detailed sampling frame, adapted to the breeding conditions of the north province was drawn up according to parc recommendations. the four administrative divisions of the province were covered by sampling cattle in 14 sites chosen by randomisation. eight thousand six hundred and eighty sera samples from 217 cattle herds were tested using fao/iaea rinderpest competi ... | 1995 | 8745745 |
| humoral antibody response in animals infected with virulent rinderpest virus. | humoral antibody responses in cattle or rabbits infected with virulent rinderpest virus or lapinised rinderpest virus respectively were assessed. rinderpest specific antibodies could be first detected 6 days post-infection. no correlation could be established between antibody response and the course of the disease in infected animals during the early stages of infection. the animals with fatal infection either did not respond or had a transient antibody response. a gradual increase in antibody t ... | 1995 | 7770948 |
| morbilliviruses and morbillivirus diseases of marine mammals. | in recent years, serious disease outbreaks among seals and dolphins were attributed to infection with established or newly recognized morbilliviruses. the first identification of a morbillivirus as causative agent of mass mortality among marine mammals was in 1988, when the previously unrecognized phocine distemper virus (pdv) caused the death of 20,000 harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in northwestern europe. a similar epizootic among baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia in 1987 was later attri ... | 1995 | 8548190 |
| protection of goats against rinderpest by vaccination with attenuated peste des petits ruminants virus. | the ability of the attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus to protect small ruminants against virulent rinderpest virus was investigated. out of four susceptible goats that were infected with the highly virulent saudi strain of rinderpest virus by intranasal ioculation, three developed mild clinical signs of disease and infected susceptible in-contact goats and cattle with rinderpest virus. however, four goats which had been vaccinated with the attenuated peste des petits ruminants v ... | 1995 | 8525096 |
| pathomorphological and immunohistological findings in cattle experimentally infected with rinderpest virus isolates of different pathogenicity. | experimental infection of nine cattle with seven rinderpest virus strains of different pathogenicity resulted in significant variations of clinical signs, morphological lesions and distribution of viral antigen in tissues. the severity of clinical disease was correlated with the extent of tissue alterations and the amount of immunohistologically detectable viral antigen. both mild and virulent strains of rinderpest share essentially the same tissue tropisms in vivo, i.e. epithelio- and lympho-tr ... | 1995 | 8588308 |
| editing of morbillivirus p gene transcripts in infected animals. | rna editing in the morbillivirus genus in vivo was investigated by applying a polymerase chain reaction-based primer extension technique to measure the edited and non-edited mrna transcripts. in this genus of the paramyxoviridae the p gene transcript is altered by the co-transcriptional addition of one extra g residue to produce the mrna for the v non-structural protein. using tissues of phocine distemper virus (pdv) infected seals, canine distemper virus (cdv) infected dogs and rinderpest virus ... | 1995 | 8588325 |
| capripoxvirus-based multivaccines. | 1995 | 7796952 | |
| vaccinia virus recombinant vaccines for rinderpest. | 1995 | 7796955 | |
| characterisation of african isolates of rinderpest virus. | isolates of rinderpest virus (rpv) recovered from outbreaks of the disease in kenya and southern sudan between 1986 and 1993 were compared to each other and to earlier isolates from east and west africa. the recent isolates were mildly pathogenic for susceptible cattle and thus resembled other mild strains of rpv recovered from cattle and wildlife in east africa more than 30 years ago. monoclonal antibody analysis using a panel of 12 anti-rpv haemagglutinin protein-specific antibodies (mabs) rev ... | 1995 | 8588309 |
| characterization of an in vitro transcription system from rinderpest virus. | an in vitro transcription system for rinderpest virus (rpv) is described. ribonucleoprotein complexes isolated from rpv-infected vero cells, human lung carcinoma cells, or detergent-disrupted purified virions synthesized authentic rpv mrnas for the n, p, m. f and h genes as identified by dot blot hybridization analysis with individual cdna clones. the relative abundance of the mrnas synthesized in vitro decreased from the 3' end of the genome to the 5' end, very similar to that observed with mea ... | 1995 | 8588310 |
| the sequence of the n and l genes of rinderpest virus, and the 5' and 3' extra-genic sequences: the completion of the genome sequence of the virus. | we have sequenced the nucleocapsid (n) and polymerase (l) genes of the vaccine strain of rinderpest, and the 5' and 3' terminal domains of the genome. together with previously published data, this completes the sequence of the entire genome of rinderpest virus. the l gene is identical in length to that of measles virus, encoding a 2183 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 248,100. the l protein sequence of three morbilliviruses is highly conserved, greater than 76% of residue ... | 1995 | 8588311 |
| evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for the detection and characterisation of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses for epidemiological studies. | the high sequence variability found in rna viruses makes it difficult to design primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification which will be certain to work with all new field isolates. to overcome this problem for the detection and differential diagnosis of rinderpest (rp) and peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viruses (v), we have designed several sets of primers, based on well-conserved sequences in the p and f genes. analysis of a large number of field isolates from ... | 1995 | 8837881 |
| immunohistochemical studies of lymphoid tissues of rabbits infected with rinderpest virus. | the pathogenesis of infection with the l-strain of rinderpest virus (rpv) in rabbits was investigated. of several lymphoid tissues examined, those associated with the gut showed the most marked virus growth. the virus titres were maximal 4 days after inoculation but had declined at day 6. the distribution of viral antigen was examined immunohistochemically with the recently established anti-rabbit cd5 monoclonal antibody (moab), which is a pan-t-cell marker, and the anti-rpv-nucleoprotein moab. ... | 1995 | 7722007 |
| protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with recombinant capripoxviruses expressing the fusion and haemagglutinin protein genes of rinderpest virus. | goats were protected against a lethal challenge of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus following vaccination with a recombinant capripoxvirus containing either the fusion (f) gene of rinderpest virus or the haemagglutinin (h) gene of rinderpest virus. the h gene recombinant produced high titres of neutralizing antibody to rinderpest virus in the vaccinated goats, whereas the f gene recombinant failed to stimulate detectable levels of neutralizing antibody. a similar response to the two recomb ... | 1995 | 7762275 |
| live virus vaccines for use in animals. | 1995 | 7796966 | |
| high resolution genome typing and genomic reassortment events of rice dwarf phytoreovirus. | genomic reassortment of rice dwarf phytoreovirus (rdv) was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in plant reoviruses. combinations of two genomic variants, most of the genomic segments of which could be distinguished by a high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were used to produce genomic reassortants. after artificial mixed injection of two of three isolates (rdv-s, rdv-ai, and rdv-an) into the insect vector nephotettix cincticeps, rice seedlings were sequentially inoculat ... | 1995 | 7571443 |
| rinderpest virus infection of bovine peripheral blood monocytes. | the ability of rinderpest virus (rpv) to replicate in vitro in adherent peripheral blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages under non-stimulation conditions was investigated. when flow cytometry analysis on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was performed, monocytic cells were seen to be targets for infection by the cell culture-attenuated rbok vaccine strain of rpv. viral glycoprotein (h) and nucleoprotein (n) expression in adherent blood monocytes and monocyte-derived mac ... | 1995 | 7595385 |
| differentiation of peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest viruses by neutralisation indices using hyperimmune rinderpest antiserum. | six field isolates believed to be rinderpest viruses and 2 known strains of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viruses were titrated in the presence of normal rabbit serum and with hyperimmune rinderpest antiserum prepared in rabbits. the known ppr viruses had indices less than 10 whereas 4 of the suspect field isolates had indices greater than a hundred. two suspect field isolates had indices less than 20; both were collected from small ruminant wild life and are probably ppr viruses. | 1995 | 7652944 |
| development of a competitive elisa for detecting antibodies to the peste des petits ruminants virus using a recombinant nucleoprotein. | a competitive elisa based on the reaction between a monoclonal antibody (mab) and a recombinant nucleoprotein of the peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) was developed. this protein was obtained in large quantities from insect cells infected with a ppr nucleoprotein recombinant baculovirus (n-b). the competitive elisa was compared with the virus neutralisation test (vnt) for detecting specific antibodies to pprv in sheep and goats. the time consuming vnt is the only prescribed test that is ca ... | 1995 | 7709061 |
| sequencing and analysis of the nucleocapsid (n) and polymerase (l) genes and the terminal extragenic domains of the vaccine strain of rinderpest virus. | the nucleocapsid (n) and polymerase (l) genes of the vaccine strain of rinderpest, and the 5' and 3' terminal domains of the genome have been sequenced. together with previously published data, this completes the sequence of the entire genome of rinderpest virus. the viral genome is 15,881 bases in length, similar to that of measles virus and slightly longer than that of canine distemper virus. the l gene is identical in length to that of measles virus, encoding a 2183 amino acid protein with a ... | 1995 | 7897350 |
| progress in the development of a heat-stable recombinant rinderpest vaccine using an attenuated vaccinia virus vector. | rinderpest is a fatal infectious disease of cattle and buffalo, and is prevalent in many parts of the developing world. eradication campaigns are at present under way in africa, the middle east and south asia. as these regions have very hot climates, it is difficult and expensive to establish reliable cold chains to deliver heat-sensitive vaccines and, for this reason, many previous vaccination/eradication campaigns have been ineffective. to overcome the problem of vaccine heat-lability, a recom ... | 1994 | 7949348 |
| applications of recombinant vaccinia virus for veterinary vaccines. | 1994 | 7958475 | |
| detection of novel rna viruses: morbilliviruses as a model system. | recent advances in molecular detection of viral-specific nucleic acid sequences have facilitated the search for pathogenic viruses in clinical samples. primers for the polymerase chain reaction can be targeted to unique or conserved regions of the viral genome. while the design of primers must be based on known sequences, it has been demonstrated in bacteria that amplification with primers which hybridize to highly-conserved regions of the genome can be exploited to detect new agents. by taking ... | 1994 | 7969194 |
| circulating immune complexes in rabbits surviving rinderpest virus infection. | circulating immune complexes (cics) precipitated from the sera of rabbits recovered from infection with rabbit virulent (lapinized) rinderpest virus (rpv) were found to contain rpv antigen and rabbit igg. the cics persisted for at least 77 days post infection. the cics and the antigen isolated from them by chromatography on sepharose-6b were found to be non-infectious. rpv-specific antibodies could be detected in the antisera raised in rabbits against the cics and the isolated antigen. furthermo ... | 1994 | 7976861 |
| cloning and expression of the nucleocapsid gene of virulent kabete o strain of rinderpest virus in baculovirus: use in differential diagnosis between vaccinated and infected animals. | rinderpest (rp) is a viral disease of ruminants with > 95% morbidity and mortality. we have cloned the cdna of the nucleocapsid (n) gene of the virulent kabete o strain of rinderpest virus (rpvk) and compared its nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with those of the n genes of the lapinized strain of rinderpest virus (rpvl), measles virus (mv), and canine distemper virus (cdv). the gene has an open reading frame of 1575 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 525 amino acids with a molecula ... | 1994 | 8259649 |
| nucleotide sequence comparisons of the fusion protein gene from virulent and attenuated strains of rinderpest virus. | we have cloned and sequenced the entire fusion (f) protein gene of the rbok vaccine strain of rinderpest virus and the coding regions for the f genes of two mild field isolates of the virus from africa. analysis of the nucleotide and the predicted amino acid sequences showed that the vaccine virus was more than 99% identical in the protein coding region to the virulent kabete o strain from which it was derived, whereas the field isolates differed by 10 to 12% from each other and from the vaccine ... | 1994 | 7996154 |
| immunodetection of rice dwarf phytoreoviral proteins in both insect and plant hosts. | peptides encoded by truncated (s1 and s2) or full-length (s3 to s11) cdnas of 11 of the 12 rice dwarf phytoreovirus (rdv) genome segments were expressed in a baculovirus vector system. antibodies raised against each of the expressed peptides were used as probes to detect the authentic proteins encoded by the rdv open reading frame. polypeptides identified as gene products of s1 to s11 in both rdv-infected rice leaf and leafhopper (nephotettix cincticeps) homogenates were the p1 minor core (170 k ... | 1994 | 8009852 |
| genomic heterogeneity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus field isolates and nucleotide sequences of variants of genome segment 12. | electrophoretic profiles of the dsrnas of field isolates of rice dwarf virus (rdv) were compared with those of an isolate maintained at hokkaido university (rdv-h). unexpectedly, the genomic dsrnas of most of the field isolates showed distinct electrophoretic mobility profiles. this was the case even among isolates from the same region. genome segment 12 (s12) from some variants migrated faster than s12 from rdv-h. these rnas were converted to full-length cdnas and sequenced. s12 from all the va ... | 1994 | 8046386 |
| recombinant capripoxvirus expressing the hemagglutinin protein gene of rinderpest virus: protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease viruses. | a cdna clone containing the complete coding sequence of the hemagglutinin (h) protein gene of the rbok vaccine strain of rinderpest virus, under the control of the vaccinia late promoter p11, was inserted by homologous recombination into the thymidine kinase gene of the ks-1 strain of capripoxvirus. the recombinant virus produced authentic h protein as judged by its electrophoretic mobility, transport to the cell surface of infected lamb testis cells, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies sp ... | 1994 | 8091673 |
| distribution of antigen in cattle infected with rinderpest virus. | five holstein heifers (approximately 8 months of age and weighing 225-275 kg) were inoculated subcutaneously with 1,000 tcid50 of rinderpest virus, virulent kabete o strain. they become clinically ill 2 to 5 days post-inoculation, with fever (40 c to 41.5 c), conjunctivitis, and diarrhea. all were euthanatized when moribund at 6 days postinoculation. the following tissues were collected in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and subsequently subjected to histopathologic and immunohistochemical exami ... | 1994 | 8203082 |
| characteristics of an attenuated vaccinia virus strain, lc16m0, and its recombinant virus vaccines. | this article reviews studies concerning the characteristics of a vaccinia virus strain, lc16m0, and its recombinant virus vaccines. the lc16m0 strain is one of several temperature-sensitive and further attenuated variants derived from the lister (elstree) strain of vaccinia virus, which has a proven safety record in human populations. several types of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing a foreign antigen gene from a pathogenic virus have been constructed using the lc16m0 strain as a vector, ... | 1994 | 8091843 |
| differential immunohistochemical staining of peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. | 1994 | 7516718 | |
| effect of ammonium chloride on multiplication of rinderpest virus in vero cells. | ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic weak base, inhibited replication of rinderpest virus in vero cells. the inhibition of replication was dose-dependent and the minimum effective dose of ammonium chloride was determined as 5-10 mmol/l. the fusion efficiency and the yield of both cell-free and cell-associated virus were reduced in the presence of the inhibitor. western blot analysis of rinderpest virus-infected vero cells revealed that synthesis of two virus-induced polypeptides were affected by ... | 1994 | 7817898 |
| protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease with a recombinant capripoxvirus expressing the fusion protein gene of rinderpest virus. | cattle were protected against challenge with rinderpest and lumpy skin disease viruses by vaccination with a recombinant capripoxvirus containing the fusion protein (f) gene of rinderpest virus. the minimum protective immunising doses for rinderpest and lumpy skin disease were 5.5 x 10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) and 1.5 x 10(3) pfu, respectively. | 1994 | 7880246 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the matrix (m) protein gene of rinderpest virus and evidence for another bovine morbillivirus. | we have cloned and sequenced the entire m gene of the vaccine strain of rinderpest virus and that of the virulent kabete "o" strain from which it was derived. the sequences of these two genes are essentially identical (99% at the nucleotide level), but were very different from a previously published kabete o m gene sequence (m. limo and t. yilma, 1990, virology 175, 323-327). inspection of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of known morbillivirus m genes showed that the earlier sequ ... | 1994 | 8128616 |
| the detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in cattle, sheep and goats and the possible implications to rinderpest control programmes. | monoclonal antibody-based competitive elisa (c-elisa) have been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to both rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viruses in cattle, sheep and goats. examination of serum samples from sheep and goats in gambia, before and after vaccination with rinderpest vaccine, suggested that antibodies to ppr virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. cattle sera from nigeria and ghana showed a high prevalence of antibody against pp ... | 1994 | 8119361 |
| biological properties of phocine distemper virus and canine distemper virus. | morbilliviruses constitute a major threat to the health of animal and man. to date the morbillivirus genus in the paramyxoviridae family comprises five established members, namely canine distemper virus (cdv), phocine distemper virus (pdv), measles virus (mv), rinderpest virus (rpv), and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv). in addition, morbillivirus candidates infecting aquatic mammals were recently discovered. the present review on the biology of morbilliviruses focuses on knowledge gained ... | 1993 | 8268007 |
| detection of anti-dna antibody responses in rabbits infected with rinderpest virus by elisa. | elisa was standardized to detect anti-dna antibodies (adabs) in sera of rabbits infected with rinderpest virus (rpv). these antibodies were found in late (28th and 36th day post inoculation (dpi)) sera of rabbits infected with rabbit virulent lapinized rpv, but not in early (7th dpi) sera of the same rabbits. adabs were not found either in early or late sera of rabbits infected with attenuated rbok strain of rpv. rabbit anti-rpv hyperimmune serum was also found to be positive for adabs. detectio ... | 1993 | 8184791 |
| [rinderpest eradication and recombinant vaccine]. | 1993 | 8236832 | |
| immunisation of cattle with a recombinant vaccinia vector expressing the haemagglutinin gene of rinderpest virus. | the efficacy of a recombinant rinderpest vaccine, constructed by inserting the rinderpest virus haemagglutinin gene into attenuated vaccinia virus, lc16mo strain, was tested in cattle. after subcutaneous inoculation of 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of the recombinant vaccine, neither palpable skin lesions nor increases in body temperature were observed, indicating the absence of detectable clinical reactions. all the vaccinated cattle were completely protected from challenge with the saudi 1/ ... | 1993 | 8456545 |
| protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with a vaccinia virus double recombinant expressing the f and h genes of rinderpest virus. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. the causative agent, pprv, is a member of the family paramyxoviridae and the genus morbillivirus. other members of the genus include rinderpest (rpv), measles, canine distemper and phocid distemper viruses. ppr has a very high rate of morbidity and mortality, and effective control of this disease is of economic importance in africa, asia and the mid ... | 1993 | 8212844 |
| rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants-like disease in the al-ain region of the united arab emirates. | the author demonstrates that rinderpest prevailed among the cattle population in the al-ain region of the united arab emirates from 1987 to 1989. a total of twenty-four outbreaks of rinderpest were recorded during the study period. similarly, evidence of the peste des petits ruminants (ppr) or a ppr-like disease was regularly encountered in small ruminants in a total of forty-one outbreaks. | 1993 | 8219335 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction in differentiating rinderpest field virus and vaccine virus in the same animals. | in 1991, a disease with clinical signs indicative of rinderpest was reported in yaks in the former soviet union, near the border with mongolia. at the peak of the epizootic, mortality among affected yaks was 32-42% in adults and 65% in animals less than one year old. pathological samples were examined independently at two institutes in russia. both institutes confirmed the presence of rinderpest using complement fixation, agar gel diffusion and immunoassays. since vaccination had been initiated ... | 1993 | 8219336 |
| dipstick enzyme immunoassay for rinderpest antibody in cattle. | a dipstick enzyme immunoassay (elisa) has been standardized for the detection of rinderpest antibodies. one hundred and thirty bovine serum samples were analysed by the dipstick elisa method and the results compared with the conventional plate elisa method. the sensitivity was found to be similar in both methods. the dipstick elisa does not require expensive micro-plates and an elisa reader, and is recommended for use in field laboratories where the qualitative detection of rinderpest antibodies ... | 1993 | 8273283 |
| evidence for different lineages of rinderpest virus reflecting their geographic isolation. | sequence analysis of part of the fusion protein gene from recent isolates of rinderpest virus revealed that distinct lineages of the virus exist which reflect the geographical location of their isolation in africa and asia. current strains circulating in kenya and sudan were most similar, both in terms of nucleotide sequence and pathogenic nature, to viruses isolated in egypt and in nigeria in 1983/1984 and they were quite distinct from an east african isolate (rbt-1) from the 1960s. two older i ... | 1993 | 8277286 |
| rinderpest vaccination responses among calves and adult cattle in uganda monitored using elisa assay. | responses to the plowright rinderpest vaccine by 43 calves and 70 adult cattle in uganda in 1990, through the production of igg antibodies, were monitored for 4 weeks using the elisa assay. 80% of the calves were seronegative before vaccination of which 32% remained seronegative and 68% subsequently seroconverted at 2 weeks postvaccination. 20% of the calves were seropositive before vaccination but registered a decline during the 2nd and 4th weeks postvaccination. 50% of adult ankole cattle sero ... | 1993 | 8281740 |
| single capripoxvirus recombinant vaccine for the protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease. | a recombinant capripoxvirus has been constructed containing a full-length cdna of the fusion protein gene of rinderpest virus. the gene was inserted in the thymidine kinase gene of the capripox genome under the control of the vaccinia virus major late promoter p11 together with the escherichia coli gpt gene in the opposite orientation under the control of the vaccinia early/late promoter p7.5. a vaccine prepared from this recombinant virus protected cattle against clinical rinderpest after a let ... | 1993 | 8342321 |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. | infections with morbilliviruses have caused heavy losses among different populations of aquatic mammals during the last 5 years. two different morbilliviruses were isolated from disease outbreaks among seals in europe and siberia: phocid distemper virus-1 (pdv-1) and phocid distemper virus-2 (pdv-2) respectively. pdv-1 was characterized as a newly identified morbillivirus, most related to canine distemper virus (cdv), whereas pdv-2 most probably is a strain of cdv. morbilliviruses were also isol ... | 1993 | 8343804 |
| expression in baculovirus vector system of the nucleocapsid protein gene of rinderpest virus. | the rinderpest (rv) nucleocapsid (np) gene segment was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. the expression of np protein in sf9 cells was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and by western blotting analysis with monoclonal antibodies. recombinant rv-np protein was purified by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose density gradient, and used as an antigen for an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti rv ... | 1993 | 8366167 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of rinderpest virus. | we have cloned several cdnas derived from the p gene of rinderpest virus. one of these, derived from a bicistronic n-p mrna, has been sequenced in its entirety. sequencing of a section of the others, and comparison with the genome sequence, showed that p gene transcripts, as for other morbilliviruses, were variable; non-templated gs could be added at a site resembling the normal stop transcription site. primer extension analysis showed that about half the transcripts were edited. sequences of th ... | 1993 | 8429304 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on reactivity of rinderpest virus antigen with bovine immune serum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and virus neutralization and indirect fluorescent-antibody tests. | gamma irradiation effectively inactivated gradient-purified rinderpest virus. irradiated antigen and sera remained functional in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, virus neutralization tests, and indirect fluorescent-antibody tests. irradiation, however, led to a dose-dependent decrease in reactivity, particularly significant (p < 0.05) when both reagents were irradiated. to avoid false-positive reactions, only one reagent (serum or antigen) may be irradiated. | 1993 | 8432831 |
| immunological responses of mice and cattle to baculovirus-expressed f and h proteins of rinderpest virus: lack of protection in the presence of neutralizing antibody. | rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease of ruminants and has greater than 95% morbidity and mortality. the etiological agent, rinderpest virus (rpv), is a member of the family paramyxoviridae and the genus morbillivirus. immune responses to both the hemagglutinin (h) and the fusion (f) antigens of morbilliviruses play an important role in the prevention of infection, and only attenuated live vaccines have been shown to provide protective immunity against the group. the lack of protection ... | 1993 | 8437215 |
| the use of thermostable vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine as a heterologous vaccine against peste des petits ruminants. | the thermostable vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine was evaluated in terms of immunogenicity as a heterologous vaccine against peste des petits ruminants. a titration to establish the minimum immunising dose was performed in american mixed breed goats by vaccinating test subjects with dilutions of vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine and then challenging 26 days later with virulent peste des petits ruminants virus. all animals were followed for virus neutralising antibodies against both rinder ... | 1993 | 8460262 |
| characterization of morbilliviruses isolated from dolphins and porpoises in europe. | a previously unidentified morbillivirus was isolated from two harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) that had died in the dutch waddensea (north sea) in 1990. this porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) and a dolphin morbillivirus (dmv), which had recently caused a heavy mortality in mediterranean striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), were compared antigenically with other members of the genus morbillivirus, including the newly recognized phocine distemper virus type 1. dmv and pmv proved to be similar ... | 1993 | 8468554 |
| the growth of cell culture-attenuated rinderpest virus in bovine lymphoblasts with b cell, cd4+ and cd8+ alpha/beta t cell and gamma/delta t cell phenotypes. | cloned bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines, transformed by the protozoan parasite theileria parva were infected with cell culture-attenuated rinderpest virus vaccine. the virus grew readily in lymphoid b cells, cd4+ and cd8+ alpha/beta t cells and gamma/delta t cells producing new infectivity, viral antigens, c.p.e. and total cell death. there did not appear to be a predilection for any particular phenotype of lymphoblast. the results imply that if the vaccine causes immunosuppression, it could do ... | 1993 | 8429305 |
| antibody levels determined by an appropriate technology (hi) in local cattle following anti-rinderpest campaign in nigeria. | the levels of antibodies against rinderpest measured by the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test were titrated in 640 randomly collected sera. out of 640 samples, 586 (91%) exhibited high titres of > 4 while 54 (9%) had low titres of < or = 4. of the 400 samples collected in zaria, 354 (88.5%) had high titres while 46 (11.5%) had low titres. in funtua, 140 samples were collected with 132 (94.3%) recording high titres while 8 (5.7%) had low titres. all samples (100) collected from shika had hig ... | 1993 | 8470425 |
| monoclonal antibody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection and titration of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antibody in caprine and ovine sera. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-elisa), using two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), was established and compared with the virus neutralization test (vnt) for detecting specific peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv) antibody in caprine and ovine sera. this technique was developed because vnt, the only available specific serological test for pprv and the cross-reactive rinderpest virus (rpv), is time-consuming and unaffordable for most laboratories in regions where both ... | 1993 | 8501207 |
| prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species. | since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (cdv) in 1987. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in north-western europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (pdv1). a serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently ... | 1993 | 8518442 |
| visual detection of rinderpest viral antigens on surface. | 1993 | 8105648 | |
| viral antigen distribution in organs of cattle experimentally infected with rinderpest virus. | the distribution of viral antigen in various organs of four approximately 10-month-old castrated male friesian cattle experimentally infected with a highly virulent strain of rinderpest virus was studied. a monoclonal antibody with genus-specific reactivity for morbilliviruses was applied in an indirect immunoperoxidase method performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. rinderpest viral antigen was located mainly in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the digestive, resp ... | 1993 | 8116148 |
| comparison of the pathogenicity of rinderpest virus in different strains of rabbits. | pathogenicity of the lapinized nakamura-iii (l) strain of rinderpest virus (rpv) was examined in four strains of rabbits consisting of two inbred strains (nw-nibs and duy-nibs) and two outbred strains maintained in closed colony (nw-nibs and jw-nibs) using a marmoset lymphoblastoid cell line, b95a cell-passaged virus and tissue homogenates of virus-infected rabbits. the cell culture virus was found to maintain virulence for rabbits of both closed colony and inbred nw-nibs strain similar to the h ... | 1993 | 8117822 |
| identification of epitope expression on the internal proteins of rinderpest virus which is dependent upon virion maturation events. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) identified the existence of both maturation-dependent and maturation-independent epitopes on rinderpest virus antigens. the former were divided into (i) post-maturation antigenic determinants, which were dependent upon the maturation of viral antigen into complete virions; and (ii) pre-maturation antigenic determinants, which were only expressed on what appeared to be immature particles before 'budding' into the extracellular environment. epitope expression could be r ... | 1993 | 7679394 |
| [quality control of the vaccines and cold chain during the national vaccination campaigns]. | during the two vaccination campaigns against rinderpest and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cbpp) in 1989 and 1990, 507 vaccine samples were collected for quality control at each step of the distribution chain from the veterinary pharmacy of abidjan to the vaccinator on the field. parallel to that, the quality of the cold chain was checked. a total of 463 titrations were performed. all the titration levels were above the oie/fao standards, i.e. 10(2.5) dict50/ml for rinderpest valence and 10( ... | 1992 | 1338738 |
| differential diagnosis of rinderpest and ppr using biotinylated cdna probes. | 1992 | 1441177 | |
| application of corynebacterium cutis lysate as an immune stimulant in cattle. | an ultrasonicated lysate of corynebacterium cutis (ultracorn, virbac, france) was administered to 10-day-old calves, 5-month-old calves, and pregnant dams kept under egyptian environmental conditions. ninety-five calves and 50 dams were used in the study. all animals were treated with 2 ml/100 kg body weight of killed c cutis. its effects on body weight gain and on calf mortality and morbidity were recorded. the results obtained showed that treated calves had greater weight gains, reduced suscep ... | 1992 | 1445670 |
| observations on rinderpest in kenya, 1986-1989. | rinderpest was confirmed in kenya in 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1989. three epidemiologically distinct events appear to have occurred: repeated outbreaks in west pokot district related to cross-border movement of stock, an outbreak in marsabit district in 1987 (thought to have been caused by illegal movement of cattle, possibly in vehicles, from countries further north) and a series of related outbreaks in and near nairobi between 1988 and 1989 due to the unauthorized movement from abattoirs and holdi ... | 1992 | 1472724 |
| sequence analysis and editing of the phosphoprotein (p) gene of rinderpest virus. | we have cloned the cdna of the phosphoprotein (p) gene of the virulent (kabete "o") strain of rinderpest virus and provided a comparative analysis of its sequence with that of the p genes of measles, canine distemper, and phocid distemper viruses. the gene encodes two overlapping open reading frames of 1521 and 531 nucleotides. use of the first atg would produce a p polypeptide of 507 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 54,344. the second atg would produce a c polypeptide of 177 re ... | 1992 | 1529555 |
| the genes encoding the phospho- and matrix proteins of phocine distemper virus. | the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (p)/v/c and matrix (m) protein genes of phocine distemper virus (pdv) have been determined and the deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins derived from these genes compared with those of the other morbilliviruses. the 1655 nucleotides of the p gene encode a phosphoprotein of 507 amino acid residues (from nucleotide numbers 60 to 1583) which is 75% identical to that of canine distemper virus (cdv). the c proteins of the two viruses are 73% ident ... | 1992 | 1535099 |
| the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the m gene of phocid distemper virus (pdv). the most conserved protein of morbilliviruses shows a uniquely close relationship between pdv and canine distemper virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the matrix gene (m) of a recently identified morbillivirus, phocid distemper virus (pdv), was determined and the amino acid composition deduced. the m gene of pdv shared many characteristics with the corresponding gene in other morbilliviruses. the nucleotide homology with the closely related canine distemper virus (cdv) was maximum at 67% followed by measles virus (mv) (58%) and rinderpest virus (rpv) (56%). the length of the 5' long untranslated region of pdv (408) w ... | 1992 | 1604930 |
| serological survey for bovine bacterial and viral pathogens in captive arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx pallas, 1776). | tests for antibodies to bovine bacterial and viral pathogens were conducted on 239 sera from 128 arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) from seven locations (taif, riyadh and mahazat as said, saudi arabia; san diego, united states of america [usa]; shaumari, jordan; qatar; and bahrain). no antibodies to pasteurella multocida type e or epizootic haemorrhagic disease 1 virus were found. antibodies to brucella abortus, p. multocida type b, p. multocida type d, lumpy skin disease virus and akabane virus were ... | 1992 | 1305861 |
| the role of biotechnology in tropical diseases. | 1992 | 1626860 | |
| sequence analysis of the genes encoding the nucleocapsid protein and phosphoprotein (p) of phocid distemper virus, and editing of the p gene transcript. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of two genes of phocid distemper virus (pdv) were determined by cdna cloning and sequencing. the long open reading frame of the gene encoding the nucleocapsid (n) protein is presented. as with other morbilliviruses, the phosphoprotein (p) gene of pdv was found to be located after the 5' end of the n gene and before the 3' end of the matrix protein gene. the p gene was shown to have the capacity to encode three distinct proteins, p, v and c, in anal ... | 1992 | 1634877 |
| round table on morbilliviruses in marine mammals. | since 1988 morbilliviruses have been increasingly recognized and held responsible for mass mortality amongst harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and other seal species. virus isolations and characterization proved that morbilliviruses from seals in northwest europe were genetically distinct from other known members of this group including canine distemper virus (cdv), rinderpest virus, peste des petits ruminants virus and measles virus. an epidemic in baikal seals in 1987 was apparently caused by a m ... | 1992 | 1481361 |
| molecular characterization of phocine distemper virus: gene order and sequence of the gene encoding the attachment (h) protein. | generation of a set of cdna clones covering the n, p/v/c, m, f, h and part of the l gene of phocine distemper virus (pdv) has been described. the gene order of pdv determined from a physical as well as a transcriptional map, was identical to that of the other morbilliviruses so far studied. the h gene sequence (1951 nucleotides) contains one large open reading frame which encodes a protein of 607 amino acids, identical in length to that of the h protein of the convac strain of canine distemper v ... | 1992 | 1588321 |
| phocine distemper virus, the agent responsible for the 1988 mass mortality of seals. | the biochemical characterisation of phocine distemper virus (pdv) has shown that pdv is related to but clearly distinct from canine distemper virus (cdv) and relative to its relationship with cdv is only remotely related to the other morbilliviruses, namely measles virus (mv) or rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv). comparative studies with monoclonal antibodies indicate that the virus is serologically closely related to cdv with many conserved epitopes, particularl ... | 1992 | 1594934 |
| haemagglutination-inhibition technique for definitive diagnosis of rinderpest-virus-specific antibody. | a simple and rapid serological method for the definitive diagnosis of rinderpest-specific antibody is described. the technique is based on adsorbing out the cross reacting antibodies to peste des petits ruminants antigens from a rinderpest immune serum, thereby leaving active the specific antibody to rinderpest which is determined by haemagglutination-inhibition test. | 1992 | 1298202 |
| improved isolation of rinderpest virus in transformed bovine t lymphoblast cell lines. | bovine t lymphoblast cell lines transformed by the protozoan theileria parva were compared with bovine kidney (bk) and vero cells for their ability to isolate various strains of rinderpest virus from tissues and infected secretions. all of the strains of rinderpest virus that were tested, including attenuated cell-culture, caprinised and lapinised vaccines, and both mild and virulent pathogenic strains, readily induced syncytial cytopathic effect (cpe) in t lymphoblasts. the cpe could often be d ... | 1992 | 1410806 |
| a competitive elisa using anti-n monoclonal antibodies for specific detection of rinderpest antibodies in cattle and small ruminants. | a competitive elisa (c-elisa) using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which bind to the nucleo-protein (np) of rinderpest virus (rpv) for detection of rpv antibodies in cattle and small ruminant sera is described. unlike virus neutralisation test (vnt), this test using mab ivb2-4, can detect specific rpv antibodies without showing a cross-reaction with antibodies to peste-des-petits ruminants-virus (pprv); by contrast, when mab ve4-1 is used the test detects both rpv and pprv antibodies, including lo ... | 1992 | 1626365 |
| immunological and virological characterization of improved construction of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing rinderpest virus hemagglutinin. | we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) expressing rinderpest virus (rpv) hemagglutinin (h) by modifying the promoter region of the original rvv. the promotor region was modified at three points, i.e., an outframe atg was eliminated, the sequence between the promoter and initiation codon was shortened and the base sequence just upstream of the initiation codon was changed. as compared with the original rvv, the modified rvv was found to produce a remarkably large amount of h protein in ... | 1991 | 2001178 |
| nucleotide sequence of cdna to the rinderpest virus mrna encoding the nucleocapsid protein. | the full-length cdna corresponding to the mrna encoding the nucleocapsid protein (np) of rinderpest virus (rv) was cloned and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the gene of rv-np was composed of 1683 nucleotides and contained a single large open reading frame, which is capable of encoding a protein of 525 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58,241 da. the nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence were compared with those of measles virus (mv) and canine distemper vir ... | 1991 | 2017875 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of a double-shelled spherical virus, rice dwarf virus. | rice dwarf virus (rdv) is a double-shelled spherical plant virus consisting of 46,000 mr capsid and 114,000 mr core proteins and minor structural proteins, and containing 12 genome segments of double-stranded rna. the virus has been crystallized in the cubic space group i23 with a = 789 a. there are two particles per unit cell, each positioned on a point of 23 symmetry. packing considerations showed that the diameter of the virus particle is 693 a. the crystals diffract to at least 6.5 a resolut ... | 1991 | 2056533 |