| serological survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska. | between 1988 and 1991, 644 serum samples were collected from 480 grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and 40 black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska, united states of america, and were tested for selected canine viral infections and zoonoses. antibody prevalence in grizzly bears was 0% for parvovirus, 8.3% (40/480) for distemper, 14% (68/480) for infectious hepatitis, 16.5% (79/480) for brucellosis, 19% (93/480) for tularaemia and 47% (225/478) for trichinellosis. in black bears, prevalenc ... | 1998 | 9850547 |
| molecular identification of a recent type of canine distemper virus in japan by restriction fragment length polymorphism. | restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to differentiate recent field viruses of canine distemper virus (cdu) from vaccine strains. virus genomes were amplified by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in part of the haemagglutinin gene. after digestion with ecorv, the pcr products of recent field isolates were cut into two fragments that differ from the uncut form of old strains including all of vaccine strains. this method could be applied to fresh or stored ... | 1998 | 9853301 |
| canine distemper virus in a caspian seal. | | 1998 | 9885131 |
| grease, anthraxgate, and kennel cough: a revisionist history of early veterinary vaccines. | in conclusion, it is remarkable just how farsighted many of the early vaccine investigators were. jenner was apparently very comfortable with contagion and even recognized that infectious agents could gradually change and adapt to a new species. pasteur, long before his fowl cholera experiment, dreamed that attenuation could yield safe vaccines and it took him no time at all therefore to recognize the significance of that serendipitous experiment. the fact that two other investigators were also ... | 1999 | 9890006 |
| forty years of canine vaccination. | during the last 40 years vaccines have been developed that have greatly reduced the incidence of infectious diseases of dogs. in general, modified live products have been superior to inactivated vaccines for dogs. it can be expected that recombinant and/or dna vaccines may dominate the market in the future. although most vaccines on the market are safe and efficacious, there have been exceptions where disease was induced by vaccination or dogs were not protected. the failure of protection may in ... | 1999 | 9890024 |
| cross-species vaccination in wild and exotic animals. | these are two examples of organisms which may cause morbidity and/or mortality among numerous unrelated species. since it is cost prohibitive in most instances to have a biological licensed for wild or exotic species, it remains a challenge to the zoo or wildlife veterinarian to determine if a licensed vaccine for other species is safe and efficacious for a particular exotic species. | 1999 | 9890042 |
| some experiments and field observations of distemper in mink and ferrets. | | 1999 | 9890043 |
| genetic analysis of the central untranslated genome region and the proximal coding part of the f gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper morbilliviruses. | located between the open reading frames encoding the matrix (m) and the fusion (f) protein the morbillivirus genome contains an unusually large non-coding intercistronic region (m-f utr) of up to 5.6% of the full length genome. any function(s) of this region have largely remained obscure. here, we analyze the m-f utr and the proximal coding part of the downstream f gene of several recent canine distemper morbillivirus (cdv) wild-type (wt) isolates and vaccine strains. while the f gene coding par ... | 1998 | 9926401 |
| early t cell response in the central nervous system in canine distemper virus infection. | the initial demyelinating lesions in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection develop during a period of severe immunosuppression in the absence of inflammation. in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that early demyelination is due to directly virus-induced oligodendroglial changes. in the present spatiotemporal study in experimentally cdv-infected dogs we observed diffuse up-regulation of t cells throughout the central nervous system (cns) and t cell invasion in early demyelinating lesions. invasi ... | 1999 | 9930894 |
| sequence analysis and expression of the attachment and fusion proteins of canine distemper virus wild-type strain a75/17. | the biological properties of wild-type a75/17 and cell culture-adapted onderstepoort canine distemper virus differ markedly. to learn more about the molecular basis for these differences, we have isolated and sequenced the protein-coding regions of the attachment and fusion proteins of wild-type canine distemper virus strain a75/17. in the attachment protein, a total of 57 amino acid differences were observed between the onderstepoort strain and strain a75/17, and these were distributed evenly o ... | 1999 | 9971809 |
| mucosal vaccination with recombinant poxvirus vaccines protects ferrets against symptomatic cdv infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets causes a disease characterized by fever, erythema, conjunctivitis and leukocytopenia, similar clinically to measles except for the fatal neurologic sequelae of cdv. we vaccinated juvenile ferrets twice at 4-week intervals by the intranasal or intraduodenal route with attenuated vaccinia (nyvac) or canarypox virus (alvac) constructs containing the cdv hemagglutinin and fusion genes. controls were vaccinated with the same vectors expressing rabies ... | 1999 | 9987168 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies against canine distemper virus by a new recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | canine distemper morbillivirus (cdv) infection causes a frequently fatal systemic disease in a broad range of carnivore species, including domestic dogs. in cdv infection, classical serology provides data of diagnostic and prognostic values (kinetics of seroconversion) and is also used to predict the optimal vaccination age of pups. routine cdv serology is still based on time- and cost-intensive virus neutralization assays (v-na). here, we describe a new capture-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10074525 |
| identification of cd4+ and cd8+ t cell subsets and b cells in the brain of dogs with spontaneous acute, subacute-, and chronic-demyelinating distemper encephalitis. | cd4 and cd8 antigen expression of t cells as well as b cell and canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen distribution were immunohistologically examined in the cerebellum of dogs with spontaneous distemper encephalitis. cellular and viral antigen expression were evaluated at intralesional and extralesional sites and in the perivascular space. histologically, acute and subacute non-inflammatory encephalitis and subacute inflammatory and chronic plaques were distinguished. demyelination was a feature ... | 1999 | 10077417 |
| non-purulent meningoencephalomyelitis of a pacific striped dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens). the first evidence of morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the pacific ocean around japan. | on march 22, 1998, a mature, male, hyposthenic pacific striped dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was stranded at aoshima beach in miyazaki prefecture, japan. a necropsy performed 14 hr after death revealed mild diffuse congestion and edema of the leptomeninges and mild pulmonary atelectasis. histopathologically, non-purulent inflammatory were observed throughout the cerebrum, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed no viral inclusion ... | 1999 | 10081755 |
| oligodendroglial degeneration in distemper: apoptosis or necrosis? | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a multifocal demyelinating disease in dogs. it was previously shown that the initial demyelinating lesions are directly virus induced since a correlation between the occurrence of demyelination and cdv replication in white matter cells was observed. during the course of infection oligodendrocytes undergo distinct morphological alterations, partly due to a restricted cdv infection of these cells, and eventually disappear from the lesions. this phenomenon has be ... | 1999 | 10090676 |
| [development of a rapid method, based on the latex agglutination reaction, for diagnosing carnivore plaque]. | a highly effective rapid method for detecting carnivore plague virus antigen in dogs, based on the latex agglutination test, is developed. latex conjugate is synthesized on the base of polystyrene suspension, representing a copolymer of styrene and methacrylic acid. the immunospecific reagent is gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit serum containing antibodies specific to carnivore plague virus. the resultant latex conjugate can be used in practical veterinary as a diagnostic agent for screening dog ... | 1999 | 10190244 |
| detection of igm antibodies against a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus in dog sera using a dot-blot assay. | a dot-blot assay for the detection of igm antibodies (abs) against canine distemper virus (cdv) in canine serum is described. the diagnostic potential of this technique was evaluated by analysing sera from three test groups: (i) specific pathogen-free (spf) beagle dogs experimentally infected with virulent cdv; (ii) spf dogs immunized with a combined vaccine containing cdv, and (iii) spf dogs immunized with a cdv-free vaccine. as antigen for the dot-blot assay we used the recombinant nucleocapsi ... | 1999 | 10216448 |
| serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in raccoons from illinois. | the determination of serologic titers to infectious organisms is a valuable tool for quantitating exposure to disease organisms. raccoons (procyon lotor) were live-trapped from september 1989 to october 1993 and samples collected from two distinct locations in west-central illinois (usa); a state recreational facility (park) and privately owned farming property (farm). sera were submitted for testing leptospira interrogans (serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemmorhagiae ... | 1999 | 10231761 |
| paramyxoviruses and paget's disease: the affirmative view. | evidence has accumulated over the past 20 years to implicate paramyxoviruses in the etiopathology of paget's disease. in the usa, the predominant virus detected is mv, whereas in northwestern england, cdv is most prevalent. the viruses are known to be easily spread by aerosol transmission to the respiratory tissues, from which they gain entry to the skeletal tissues via the hematopoietic system. another characteristic of these viruses is their ability to persist at very low levels, thus evading ... | 1999 | 10321921 |
| scopulariopsis chartarum systemic mycosis in a dog. | scopulariopsis chartarum was reported as the agent of a multisystemic infection in a dog. the clinical syndromes in this dog with a fulminating mycotic disease mimicked those observed in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | 1999 | 10325393 |
| [viruses and the neuroendocrine system: model of murine obesity induced by cerebral infection by canine distemper virus]. | it is currently well established that the nervous, endocrine and immune systems inter-communicate using biologically active soluble factors, synthesised and produced by these three systems themselves (e.g. immunomodulator effect of hormones, effect of substances secreted by immune cells on endocrine function.). in addition, these systems jointly express receptors for hormones, peptides, growth factors and cytokines. immuno-neuroendocrine interactions therefore underlie physiological processes an ... | 1999 | 10377479 |
| epitopes and nuclear localization analyses of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein by expression of its deletion mutants. | a series of nucleocapsid protein (np)-deleted genes of the onderstepoort strain was constructed in order to locate antigenic regions of the np of canine distemper virus. the expression of proteins from 5'-deleted np genes was examined in cos-7 cells by indirect immunofluorescence assay using three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), c-5, f-5 and h-6, and a rabbit serum against np. these mabs reacted with two regions of np. amino acid residues from 1 to 80, and 337-358, were necessary and sufficient fo ... | 1999 | 10384892 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein (p) gene of the lapinized rinderpest virus. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of the coding region for the phosphoprotein (p) gene of the l strain of rinderpest virus (rpv). the gene encodes two overlapping open reading frames of 1521 and 531 nucleotides. use of the first atg would produce a p polypeptide of 507 amino acids, while use of the second atg would produce a c polypeptide of 177 amino acids. in addition, the insertion of an extra g residue at the editing site generates an alternative mrna potentially encoding the v protein o ... | 1999 | 10403704 |
| dominating interleukin-10 mrna expression induction in cerebrospinal fluid cells of dogs with natural canine distemper virus induced demyelinating and non-demyelinating cns lesions. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in dogs is commonly associated with demyelinating leukoencephalitis (dl). although the mechanism of primary demyelination in distemper remains undetermined recent studies showed a direct virus-induced cytolysis in early non-inflammatory and immune-mediated mechanisms in inflammatory lesions. to further investigate the pathogenesis of this morbillivirus-induced demyelination the expression of a variety of cytokine mrna species (interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, ... | 1999 | 10408963 |
| alteration of the leptin network in late morbid obesity induced in mice by brain infection with canine distemper virus. | viruses can induce progressive neurologic disorders associated with diverse pathological manifestations, and therefore, viral infection of the brain can impair differentiated neural functions, depending on the initial viral tropism. we have previously reported that canine distemper virus (cdv) targets certain mouse brain structures, including the hypothalamus, early and selectively. infected mice exhibit acute encephalitis, with late disease, characterized by motor impairment or obesity syndrome ... | 1999 | 10438820 |
| a case of narcolepsy-cataplexy associated with distemper encephalitis. | narcolepsy associated with localized brain lesions is described in a 10-month-old argentine dogo. neurological examination and mri study suggested an inflammatory lesion of the left frontal lobe. postmortem examination revealed diffuse encephalitis in the forebrain and marked necrotic lesions in the ventral pontine area. immunohistochemistry for distemper virus antigen showed positive staining of the cytoplasm of many neurones of the pons and cerebral cortex. the pathological pattern was suggest ... | 1999 | 10445004 |
| genotypes of canine distemper virus determined by analysis of the hemagglutinin genes of recent isolates from dogs in japan. | canine distemper of domestic dogs is caused by canine distemper virus (cdv), a member of the morbilliviruses. it has been a highly contagious disease of great veterinary importance for centuries, but for the last several decades it has been controlled satisfactorily by modified live vaccines. in the 1990s, however, it was described that cdv strains genetically different from vaccine strains may have caused the disease in vaccinated dogs. the highest antigenic variation is found in the h protein. ... | 1999 | 10449479 |
| humoral response and protection from experimental challenge following vaccination of raccoon pups with a modified-live canine distemper virus vaccine. | eight 8-wk-old raccoon pups (procyon lotor) with maternal canine distemper virus (cdv) neutralizing antibodies (nab) and 24 8-wk-old seronegative pups were administered a commercial modified-live cdv vaccine (galaxy, d, solvay animal health, inc., kitchener, ontario, canada). all 24 seronegative raccoons had detectable serum cdv nab titers 14 days after the initial dose. titers rose to maximum levels 4 wk post-vaccination. mean titers for groups of vaccinated seronegative pups were maintained be ... | 1999 | 10479076 |
| canine distemper virus infection in binturongs (arctictis binturong). | two binturongs (arctictis binturong) kept in outdoor exhibits at everland zoological gardens in korea died within 10 days of the onset of clinical signs that included depression, dyspnoea, diarrhoea and convulsions. on necropsy, the significant gross findings were limited to the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. proteus vulgaris was isolated from the lung of one animal. histopathologically, diffuse severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia with secondary bacterial infection was noted in the lungs ... | 1999 | 10486167 |
| morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores. | morbilliviruses infections cause significant mortality in human beings and animals. measles virus is responsible for up to two million childhood deaths annually in the developing world, while rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants cause severe epizootics in domestic and wild ruminants in areas of the world where they remain endemic. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a cause of fatal disease in many species of carnivores. distemper is controlled by vaccination in domestic dogs and farmed mink, b ... | 1999 | 10515262 |
| analysis of the h gene, the central untranslated region and the proximal coding part of the f gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper viruses. | this paper summarizes the results of the genetic analysis of several parts of the genome of canine distemper virus (cdv) field isolates and vaccine viruses. the haemagglutinin (h) gene analysis showed that recent viruses did not differ significantly from vaccine strains. the analysis of the long untranslated region between the matrix (m) and fusion (f) gene revealed distinct genetic heterogeneity. the putative f protein start codon aug461 of vaccine strain onderstepoort was found to be mutated i ... | 1999 | 10515263 |
| restricted virus protein translation in canine distemper virus inclusion body polioencephalitis. | in this study, inclusion body polioencephalitis, an uncommon form of canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced encephalitis, was investigated for viral protein and mrna expression by immunohistochemistry (ih) and in situ hybridization and, in addition, infiltrating cells were characterized by ih. lesions were predominantly found in the grey matter of the brain stem and the immune response, dominated by t cells, was associated with a strong mhc ii upregulation. abundant expression of all viral protein ... | 1999 | 10515265 |
| detection of canine distemper virus nucleoprotein rna by reverse transcription-pcr using serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper. | reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was used to detect canine distemper virus (cdv) nucleoprotein (np) rna in serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from 38 dogs with clinically suspected distemper. results were correlated to clinical findings, anti-cdv neutralizing antibody titers, postmortem findings, and demonstration of cdv np antigen by immunohistochemistry. the specificity of the rt-pcr was ensured by amplification of rna from various laboratory cdv strains, restriction e ... | 1999 | 10523566 |
| ctl epitopes identified with a defective recombinant adenovirus expressing measles virus nucleoprotein and evaluation of their protective capacity in mice. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to measles virus (mv) play an important role in recovery from infection, with one of the major target proteins for ctl activity being the nucleoprotein (np). in this report, a replication-deficient adenovirus-5 recombinant, expressing for mv np (rad68) was tested for in vivo priming of mv np-specific ctl responses in balb/c and cba mice. in both strains of mice strong np-specific ctl responses were induced and these responses were shown to be mhc class i re ... | 1999 | 10564754 |
| characterization of infectious murray valley encephalitis virus derived from a stably cloned genome-length cdna. | an infectious cdna clone of murray valley encephalitis virus prototype strain 1-51 (mve-1-51) was constructed by stably inserting genome-length cdna into the low-copy-number plasmid vector pmc18. designated pmve-1-51, the clone consisted of genome-length cdna of mve-1-51 under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. the clone was constructed by using existing components of a cdna library, in addition to cdna of the 3' terminus derived by rt-pcr of poly(a)-tailed viral rna. upon comparison w ... | 1999 | 10567642 |
| hydroxyurea potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside and nucleoside phosphonate analogs. | hydroxyurea has been shown to potentiate the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs such as didanosine. we have now evaluated in vitro the effect of hydroxyurea on the antiherpesvirus activities of several nucleoside analogs (acyclovir [acv], ganciclovir [gcv], penciclovir [pcv], lobucavir [lbv], (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine [h2g], and brivudin and nucleoside phosphonate analogs (cidofovir [cdv] and adefovir [adv]). when evaluated in cy ... | 1999 | 10582877 |
| establishment of a persistent mutant of canine distemper virus. | we produced a b95a lymphoid cell line persistently infected with canine distemper virus (cdv), in which virus-specific antigens were present in nearly 100% of cells without causing cytopathic effect. the virus recovered from this cell line was able to infect fresh b95a cells persistently, indicating that a persistent cdv was established. | 1999 | 10617930 |
| presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus type 1 in free-ranging jackals (canis adustus and canis mesomelas) in zimbabwe. | a survey of free-ranging jackals (canis adustus and canis mesomelas) in zimbabwe was conducted to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1). sera from 16 canis adustus and 22 canis mesomelas were collected from 1990 to 1993 from various regions of zimbabwe and assayed by means of immunofluorescent techniques. seroprevalence in c. adustus and c. mesomelas respectively were 50% and 63.6% for cdv, 12.5% ... | 1999 | 10631712 |
| metaphyseal osteomyelitis. | | 2000 | 10661463 |
| [distemper of carnivore: proliferative activity of lymphocytes in sick and vaccinated dogs]. | effect of inoculation with canine distemper virus (cdv) strains of various virulence or vaccination with commercial polyvalent preparations on the immune status of puppies has been studied. serum interferon concentration did not change, irrespective of the strain appurtenance of cdv, while the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased on days 4-14 after the virus inoculation. according to the lymphocyte stimulation test (lst), virulent strain snyder hill and reactogenic variant u we ... | 1999 | 10665060 |
| up-regulation of the hyaluronate receptor cd44 in canine distemper demyelinated plaques. | cd44 antigen (cd44), the principle cell surface receptor for hyaluronate, is up-regulated in the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis on fibrous astrocytes. as astrocytes are the main target cell of canine distemper virus (cdv), the consequences of a cdv infection on the cd44 expression and distribution in brains with spontaneous demyelinating canine distemper encephalitis (cde) were of interest. thirteen acute, 35 subacute, and 11 chronic plaques of nine dogs with immunohistologically ... | 2000 | 10672320 |
| sequence analysis of the genes encoding the phosphoprotein of recent isolates of canine distemper virus in japan. | the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (p) of canine distemper virus (cdv) strains isolated between 1992 and 1996 in japan were determined. this is the first report of the complete sequences of the p genes of recently prevalent cdv strains. the deduced amino acid sequences of the p, c and v proteins showed that in the new japanese isolates, these proteins have approximately 93%, 90-91% and 92% identities with those of the onderstepoort vaccine strain, respectively. the predicted function ... | 2000 | 10676898 |
| phenotypical characterization of t and b cell areas in lymphoid tissues of dogs with spontaneous distemper. | cd3, cd4, cd5, and cd8 antigen expression of t cells and igg expression of b cells and canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen distribution were immunohistochemically examined in lymphoid tissues (lymph node, spleen, thymus, and tonsil) of control dogs and animals with spontaneous canine distemper. in addition, cns tissue of all animals was studied for neuropathological changes and cdv antigen distribution. based on the degree of depletion distemper dogs were classified into two groups. group i rep ... | 2000 | 10678401 |
| canine distemper virus infection in binturongs (arctictis binturong). | | 2000 | 10690787 |
| antigenic differences in the h proteins of canine distemper viruses. | antigenic properties between new japanese field isolates and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (cdv) have been compared using four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (jd-5, jd-7, jd-11 and d-7) against the hemagglutinin (h) proteins of cdv. jd-5, jd-7 and jd-11 are newly established antibodies. three mabs, namely d-7, jd-5 and jd-11, reacted similarly to all the cdv strains examined. however, jd-7 reacted much more strongly with the vaccine strains and an old field isolate than the recent fiel ... | 2000 | 10703710 |
| serological and demographic evidence for domestic dogs as a source of canine distemper virus infection for serengeti wildlife. | following an epidemic of canine distemper virus (cdv) in serengeti lions in 1994, the role of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of the disease was investigated by serological and demographic analyses. from 1992 to 1994, data were collected from two domestic dog populations bordering the serengeti national park. several lines of evidence indicated that patterns of cdv infection differed significantly between higher-density dog populations of serengeti district to the west of the park and lower-de ... | 2000 | 10727832 |
| seroconversion of puppies to canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus: a comparison of two combination vaccines. | sixty puppies were randomly assigned to receive one of two commercially available combination vaccines, and responses to the canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus components of the vaccines were determined by measuring serum antibody titers. the percentage of puppies that seroconverted to canine parvovirus was significantly higher and the mean time for seroconversion was significantly shorter for puppies that received one of the vaccines than for puppies that received the other vaccine. p ... | 2000 | 10730624 |
| canine distemper virus and metaphyseal osteopathy. | | 2000 | 10731078 |
| feline infectious pneumonia: a short literature review and a retrospective immunohistological study on the involvement of chlamydia spp. and distemper virus. | a short literature review of feline infectious pneumonia, feline chlamydia and paramyxoviridae is presented. in a retrospective study (from 1987 to 1996) 245 cases of feline pneumonia or conjunctivitis/rhinitis were investigated: histological diagnoses and aetiologies were compared; all lungs were examined immunohistologically for the occurrence of chlamydia and of canine distemper virus (cdv), but neither pathogen could be demonstrated. the results confirm previous reports indicating that felin ... | 2000 | 10775466 |
| susceptibility of human herpesvirus 6 to antiviral compounds by flow cytometry analysis. | the emergence of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) as a human pathogen led to the possibility of specific therapy against hhv-6 and the development of standardized susceptibility assays of hhv-6 to antivirals. | 2000 | 10805933 |
| dna vaccine encoding nucleocapsid and surface proteins of wild type canine distemper virus protects its natural host against distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a member of the genus morbillivirus induces a highly infectious, frequently lethal disease in dogs and other carnivores. current vaccines against canine distemper consisting of attenuated viruses have been in use for many years and have greatly reduced the incidence of distemper in the dog population. however, certain strains may not guarantee adequate protection and others can induce post vaccinal encephalitis. we tested a dna vaccine for its ability to protect dog ... | 2000 | 10825593 |
| canine distemper virus causes apoptosis of vero cells. | apoptosis of vero cells infected with two canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine strains was detected using tdt (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dutp nick end-labelling (tunel), flow cytometric analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy (em). by tunel, apoptotic cells were found in cdv-onderstepoort (cdv-ond)-infected cells. dna fragments isolated from infected cells were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and a 'ladder' pattern appeared. em observations de ... | 2000 | 10829572 |
| epizootiological investigations of canine distemper virus in free-ranging carnivores from germany. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects a broad range of carnivores. to assess whether wild carnivores may play a role in the epidemiology of cdv in domestic dogs in germany, the seroprevalence of cdv was determined. in sera from red foxes (30 of 591 (5%)) and stone martens (2 of 10 (20%)) antiviral antibodies were detected using a neutralization assay, whereas sera of raccoons, two mink, one pine marten and one raccoon dog were negative. in foxes, there was a significantly higher prevalence in urb ... | 2000 | 10831852 |
| vaccination against canine distemper virus infection in infant ferrets with and without maternal antibody protection, using recombinant attenuated poxvirus vaccines. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets is clinically and immunologically similar to measles, making this a useful model for the human disease. the model was used to determine if parenteral or mucosal immunization of infant ferrets at 3 and 6 weeks of age with attenuated vaccinia virus (nyvac) or canarypox virus (alvac) vaccine strains expressing the cdv hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) protein genes (nyvac-hf and alvac-hf) would induce serum neutralizing antibody and protect against c ... | 2000 | 10864646 |
| immunohistological and serological investigation of morbillivirus infection in harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) from the german baltic and north sea. | the role of morbillivirus infection as a cause of disease or death in harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) from the german north and baltic sea was investigated by serology, histology and immunohistochemistry. blood and tissue samples of lung, brain and lymph nodes from 74 stranded or by-caught harbour porpoises from german waters were collected between 1991 and 1997. according to dentinal growth layers and body length, animals were grouped into four age classes (neonates, 0-1, 1-4, 4-16 years ... | 2000 | 10865149 |
| antibodies to cd9, a tetraspan transmembrane protein, inhibit canine distemper virus-induced cell-cell fusion but not virus-cell fusion. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a life-threatening disease in several carnivores including domestic dogs. recently, we identified a molecule, cd9, a member of the tetraspan transmembrane protein family, which facilitates, and antibodies to which inhibit, the infection of tissue culture cells with cdv (strain onderstepoort). here we describe that an anti-cd9 monoclonal antibody (mab k41) did not interfere with binding of cdv to cells and uptake of virus. in addition, in single-step growth exp ... | 2000 | 10906209 |
| listeriosis in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) associated with canine distemper. | a wild raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) that manifested severe illness and died was examined. necropsy revealed severe emaciation, systemic icterus and petechial hemorrhages on the mucous membranes. histopathologically, necroses were seen in the liver and brain stem associated with meningitis. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the spleen and intestinal mucosa, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in transitional epithelium in the bladder. l ... | 2000 | 10907692 |
| antiviral activity of nmso3 against respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | nmso3, a sulfated sialyl lipid was evaluated for its efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other myxovirus infections in cell culture. the median effective concentration (50% effective concentration, ec(50)) of nmso3 against replication of the long strain of rsv in hep-2 cells was 0.2 and 0.32 microm by optical elisa and the plaque reduction method, respectively. on the other hand, the corresponding values for ribavirin were 10.5 and 11.2 microm, respectively. nmso3 showed poten ... | 2000 | 10930645 |
| absence of antibodies against canine distemper virus in free-ranging populations of the eurasian badger in great britain. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a serious disease of wild carnivores throughout the world. in europe, infection has been detected in several carnivores including the eurasian badger (meles meles). in the present study 182 badger blood samples were collected from an intensively studied population of wild badgers in southwestern england (january-july, 1997), and a further 286 from throughout southern britain (june 1996-november 1998). a neutralizing peroxidase-linked antibody test was used for the ... | 2000 | 10941749 |
| absence of measles virus and canine distemper virus transcripts in long-term bone marrow cultures from patients with paget's disease of bone. | the presence of intranuclear inclusions in pagetic osteoclasts with similar characteristics to those seen in some slow viral diseases has lead to the hypothesis that paget's disease is caused by a similar infection. bone marrow aspirates from seven patients with hemipelvic paget's disease were taken from both sides of the pelvis and cultured under identical conditions. rna was extracted after approximately 2 weeks of culture and reverse transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction used to inve ... | 2000 | 10962354 |
| the removal of viruses during the purification of equine antisera using filtration aids hyflo super-cel and fulmon super a. | the manufacturing process in australia for equine antisera against various venoms/toxins is based primarily on ammonium sulphate precipitation of pepsin-digested igg, whereby fc and f(ab')(2)fragments are separated. the capacity of the process to remove non-enveloped and enveloped model viruses was assessed using a scaled-down process. each virus was added to mid-process samples from equine plasma before the material was applied to hyflo super-celtrade mark filtration followed by fulmonttrade ma ... | 2000 | 10964443 |
| serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ... | 2000 | 10982127 |
| onderstepoort distemper vaccine. | | 2000 | 11012395 |
| clinical use of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody titers for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs. | to assess whether serum canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) antibody titers can be used to determine revaccination protocols in healthy dogs. | 2000 | 11019708 |
| interleukin-1beta, -6, -12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in brains of dogs with canine distemper virus infection. | canine distemper virus infection in dogs is commonly associated with demyelinating central nervous system lesions. investigations on viral protein expression by studying mrna and protein distribution together with the characterization of cd4 and cd8 inflammatory cells and mhc class ii up-regulation revealed a biphasic disease process. to further investigate the cellular interactions in the different plaque types the cerebella of 14 dogs with confirmed distemper infection were investigated for ex ... | 2000 | 11024531 |
| virology. canine virus blamed in caspian seal deaths. | canine distemper virus has been identified as the most likely cause of a die-off of thousands of seals in the caspian sea earlier this year. although the findings by two independent research groups allay fears of a threat to humans, they heighten concerns about the survival of the imperiled species. | 2000 | 11032547 |
| pathological findings in two fin whales (balaenoptera physalus) with evidence of morbillivirus infection. | two immature female fin whales stranded on the belgian and french coastlines, were examined post mortem. the main gross findings were massive parasitic infestation, associated with a large thrombus in one whale, and severe emaciation. microscopical investigations revealed multinucleated syncytia with large intranuclear inclusion bodies in various tissues, and positive immunolabelling for morbillivirus antigens. other evidence of morbillivirus infection was provided by the demonstration of specif ... | 2000 | 11032676 |
| establishment of a rescue system for canine distemper virus. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has been rescued from a full-length cdna clone. besides measles virus (mv) and rinderpest virus, a third morbillivirus is now available for genetic analysis using reverse genetics. a plasmid p(+)cdv was constructed by sequential cloning using the onderstepoort vaccine strain large-plaque-forming variant. the presence of a t7 promoter allowed transcription of full-length antigenomic rna by a t7 rna polymerase, which was provided by a host range mutant of vaccinia viru ... | 2000 | 11044118 |
| antiviral therapy of herpes simplex. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections in immunocompromised patients are more severe and invasive than in non-immunocompromised patients. they are characterised by prolonged viral shedding and a tendency to heal more slowly. in addition, resistant viruses are exclusively isolated in immunocompromised patients, requiring other drugs with distinct mechanisms of action. the reference compound for the treatment of hsv infections is acyclovir (acv) that selectively inhibits hsv dna replication with lo ... | 2000 | 11053800 |
| novel agents for the therapy of varicella-zoster virus infections. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a member of the herpesvirus family, is responsible for both primary (varicella or chickenpox) as well as recurrent (zoster or shingles) infections. acyclovir has been the mainstay for treating vzv infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. recently, newer anti-vzv drugs, i.e., valaciclovir (the oral prodrug form of acyclovir) and famciclovir (the oral prodrug form of penciclovir) have been developed and have enlarged the therapeutic options t ... | 2000 | 11060773 |
| mass die-off of caspian seals caused by canine distemper virus. | thousands of caspian seals (phoca caspica) died in the caspian sea from april to august 2000. lesions characteristic of morbillivirus infection were found in tissue specimens from dead seals. canine distemper virus infection was identified by serologic examination, reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of selected p gene fragments. these results implicate canine distemper virus infection as the primary cause of death. | 2000 | 11076723 |
| serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in swift and kit foxes from the western united states. | a serologic survey of swift fox (vulpes velox) and kit fox (v. macrotis) from the western usa was conducted for 12 infectious diseases. samples from swift fox were collected between 1987 and 1992 from colorado (n = 44), kansas (n = 10), and wyoming (n = 9). samples from kit fox were collected in california (n = 86), new mexico (n = 18), utah (n = 9), and arizona (n = 6). overall antibody prevalence rates were 33 of 110 (30%) for canine parvovirus (cpv), 9 of 72 (13%) for canine distemper virus ( ... | 2000 | 11085448 |
| canine distemper virus neutralising antibodies in vaccinated dogs. | the associations between the levels of canine distemper virus neutralising antibodies and vaccination history, age and gender were investigated in a cross-sectional study of a sample of 4627 dogs from the finnish urban dog population. dogs vaccinated with either canlan (langford laboratories) or dohyvac (solvay animal health) or with both, had significantly lower titres than those vaccinated with candur (behringwerke), duramune (fort dodge laboratories) or nobivac (intervet), or with combination ... | 2000 | 11110480 |
| a negative search for a paramyxoviral etiology of paget's disease of bone: molecular, immunological, and ultrastructural studies in uk patients. | paget's disease of bone is a common bone disease characterized by increased and disorganized bone remodeling at focal sites throughout the skeleton. the etiology of the disease is unresolved. a persistent viral infection has long been suggested to cause the disease. antigen and/or nucleic acid sequences of paramyxoviruses (in particular measles virus [mv], canine distemper virus [cdv], and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv]) have been reported in pagetic bone by a number of groups; however, other ... | 2000 | 11127197 |
| thoughts on vaccination protocols. | | 2000 | 11128530 |
| thoughts on vaccination protocols. | | 2000 | 11128531 |
| opposing views of revaccination strategies. | | 2000 | 11132877 |
| measles virus and canine distemper virus target proteins into a tap-independent mhc class i-restricted antigen-processing pathway. | after infection of cem174.t2 cells [deficient for the transporter of antigen presentation (tap)] with measles virus (mv) the nucleocapsid protein is recognized by l(d)-restricted cytotoxic t cells in a tap-independent, chloroquine-sensitive fashion. presentation via the tap-independent pathway requires virus replication. during mv infection of the cell the nucleocapsid as well as the matrix protein enter the endolysosomal compartment as indicated by colocalization with the lysosomal-associated m ... | 2001 | 11161284 |
| isolation and analysis of an aciclovir-resistant murine cytomegalovirus mutant. | an aciclovir (acv)-resistant murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was isolated from the smith strain and the mutant was analysed. attempts were also made to identify directly the mutated gene. the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of acv for the mutant strain was approximately 30 times higher than that for the wild-type strain. the mutant strain was equally sensitive to ganciclovir (gcv), but slightly resistant to cidofovir (cdv) and foscarnet (pfa) when compared with the wild-type. molecular analy ... | 2001 | 11166858 |
| effect of vaccination on experimental infection with bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs. | to determine comparative efficacy of vaccines administered im and intranasally, used alone or sequentially, to protect puppies from infection with bordetella bronchiseptica and determine whether systemic or mucosal antibody response correlated with protection. | 2001 | 11201562 |
| canine distemper in a genet (gennetta gennetta), associated with endogenous lipid pneumonia. | this report describes the histological and immunohistochemical findings in an adult male genet (gennetta gennetta) which died a few hours after being found lying in a forest in lugo (north-western spain). subpleural, yellowish, firm foci were found in the lung. histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of endogenous lipid pneumonia. microscopical lesions that gave rise to a suspicion of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection included lymphoid depletion, non-suppurative encephalitis and ... | 2001 | 11222019 |
| caspian seal die-off is caused by canine distemper virus. | | 2001 | 11239773 |
| hemagglutinin genotype profiles of canine distemper virus from domestic dogs in japan. | two distinct hemagglutinin genotypes were identified in canine distemper viruses circulating among dogs since 1991 in japan. one is the native and numerically predominant kdk-1 genotype, while the other is the 98-002 genotype that may have evolved in the far east beyond the border between japan and the republic of korea. | 2001 | 11266208 |
| distemper vaccination of farmed fur animals in finland. | the most important farmed fur animal species in finland are the american mink (mustela vison), blue fox (alopex lagopus), silver fox (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides); all are susceptible to canine distemper. the only distemper vaccines currently available are for mink, although they also have been used for fox and raccoon dogs in emergency situations. the efficacy in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and the safety of three mink-distemper vaccines were studied under fie ... | 2001 | 11267694 |
| [significance of paramyxovirinae protein f in physiopathology and immunity]. | the paramyxovirinae sub-family contains viruses of major importance for humans (measles and mumps viruses) and animals (newcastle disease virus, canine distemper virus, rinderpest virus) but also zoonotic viruses (hendra and nipah viruses). newcastle disease virus, a rubulavirus, which is specific of birds, can be used as a model for understanding the pathogenicity mechanisms of paramyxovirinae and for the study of vaccination against the diseases they cause. the f protein of pathogenic strains ... | 2000 | 11268674 |
| properties of a new cdv isolate from a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) in japan. | | 2001 | 11271918 |
| morbidity-mortality factors and survival of an urban coyote population in arizona. | the health of coyotes (canis latrans) in urban areas has not been studied. our objectives were to assess the health of coyotes in tucson (arizona, usa) by determining the prevalence of antibodies to selected pathogens, estimating survival rates, and identifying sources of mortality. we drew blood from 22 coyotes to evaluate the prevalence of heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) antigens, and antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), infectious canine hepatitis (ich), canine parvovirus (cpv), and se ... | 2001 | 11310882 |
| monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of morbillivirus antibody in marine mammal sera. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa), using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), was developed and compared with the standard virus neutralization test (vnt) for detecting antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) and phocine distemper virus (pdv) in sera from dogs and various species of marine mammals. the test depends on the blocking of mab binding to solid-phase antigen in the presence of positive serum. test conditions were optimized by using control vnt-negative and - ... | 2001 | 11326007 |
| seroprevalence of canine distemper virus in cats. | a seroepidemiological survey of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in asian felids revealed that the prevalence of antibodies varied depending on region and, in some cases, exposure to dogs. the serologic pattern in cats with antibodies indicated that they had likely been exposed to field strains rather than typical cdv vaccine strains. | 2001 | 11329473 |
| multiple sclerosis and age at infection with common viruses. | increased risk of multiple sclerosis has been reported among individuals with a history of measles and other common childhood diseases during adolescence, infectious mononucleosis, or exposure to the canine distemper virus. we investigated these associations in a case-control study nested within the nurses' health study (121,700 women traced since 1976) and the nurses' health study ii (116,671 women traced since 1989). age at diagnosis of common viral diseases and birth order were obtained throu ... | 2001 | 11337603 |
| serologic evaluation, efficacy, and safety of a commerical modified-live canine distemper vaccine in domestic ferrets. | to determine efficacy and safety of a commercial modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine used for prophylaxis in domestic ferrets. | 2001 | 11341395 |
| successful preemptive cidofovir treatment for cmv antigenemia after dose-reduced conditioning and allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. | cidofovir (cdv) is a nucleotide analogue with proven in vitro effects against cytomegalovirus (cmv) and adenovirus and has been successfully used in the treatment of cmv retinitis in aids patients. | 2001 | 11349720 |
| pathogenesis of two strains of lion (panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. in 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. however, after severe mortality occurred in the serengeti lions (panthera leo), attention became focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as cdv or a closely related feline morbillivirus. the present study was designed to explore the susceptibility ... | 2001 | 11355661 |
| contact rates between wild and domestic canids: no evidence of parvovirus or canine distemper virus in crab-eating foxes. | evaluating the risk of disease spill-over from domestic dogs to wildlife depends on knowledge of inter-specific contact rates and/or exposure to aetiological agents in dog environments. here, contact rates of crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) with sympatric domestic dog populations were measured over 25months in amazon brazil. foxes and dogs were serologically and clinically monitored for exposure to canine parvovirus (cpv-2) and canine distemper virus (cdv), pathogens known to have caused wil ... | 2001 | 11356314 |
| morbillivirus in common seals stranded on the coasts of belgium and northern france during summer 1998. | sixteen common seals (phoca vitulina) were stranded on the belgian and northern french coasts during the summer of 1998. eleven (10 pups and one adult) were sampled for histopathological, immunohistochemical, serological, bacteriological, parasitological and virological investigations. the main gross findings were severe emaciation, acute haemorrhagic enteritis, acute pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary emphysema and oedema, and chronic ulcerative stomatitis. microscopical lung findings were acute ... | 2001 | 11386444 |
| morbilliviruses use signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (cd150) as cellular receptors. | morbilliviruses comprise measles virus, canine distemper virus, rinderpest virus, and several other viruses that cause devastating human and animal diseases accompanied by severe immunosuppression and lymphopenia. recently, we have shown that human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) is a cellular receptor for measles virus. in this study, we examined whether canine distemper and rinderpest viruses also use canine and bovine slams, respectively, as cellular receptors. the onderstepoo ... | 2001 | 11390585 |
| antibodies to selected canine pathogens and infestation with intestinal helminths in golden jackals (canis aureus) in israel. | blood and fecal samples, collected from 46 healthy adult free-ranging golden jackals captured in two different locations in israel, were examined. a serological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of circulating antibodies reacting with four common canine pathogens: canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum. faecal flotation and haematological tests were also performed. the seroprevalence of cpv, e. canis, cdv, and l. infantum we ... | 2001 | 11409931 |
| recent epidemiological status of canine viral enteric infections and giardia infection in japan. | epidemiology of canine enteric infections was studied. rectal swabs collected from 95 dogs presented at animal hospitals during a period from january to june of 2000 were examined for enteric pathogens, including viruses and giardia lamblia (g. lamblia). most frequently detected in both diarrheal and normal feces were canine coronavirus (55.4%) and g. lamblia (48.2%). canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was specifically associated with diarrheal cases and cpv-2b was the predominant antigenic type. ... | 2001 | 11411507 |
| the hemagglutinin of canine distemper virus determines tropism and cytopathogenicity. | canine distemper virus (cdv) and measles virus (mv) cause severe illnesses in their respective hosts. the viruses display a characteristic cytopathic effect by forming syncytia in susceptible cells. for cdv, the proficiency of syncytium formation varies among different strains and correlates with the degree of viral attenuation. in this study, we examined the determinants for the differential fusogenicity of the wild-type cdv isolate 5804han89 (cdv(5804)), the small- and large-plaque-forming var ... | 2001 | 11413309 |
| dendritic cells recruitment and in vivo priming of cd8+ ctl induced by a single topical or transepithelial immunization via the buccal mucosa with measles virus nucleoprotein. | the buccal mucosa, a prototype of pluristratified mucosal epithelia, contains a network of directly accessible class ii(+) epithelial dendritic cells (dc), similar to skin langerhans cells. we showed that a single buccal immunization with measles virus nucleoprotein (np), by either topical application onto or intradermal injection in the buccal mucosa, induced in vivo priming of protective class i-restricted specific cd8(+) ctl. both routes of immunization with np induced a rapid recruitment of ... | 2001 | 11418674 |