| a morbillivirus causing mass mortality in seals. | during an outbreak of a serious apparently infectious disease among harbour seals (phoca vitulina), which started in the kattegat area in april 1988 and rapidly spread to the north sea, the wadden sea and the baltic sea, greater than 17,000 animals died within a period of eight months. in august 1988 it was realized that the clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were similar to those found in canine distemper: apart from general depression and fever, the animals suffered from severe respira ... | 1989 | 2609721 |
| vaccination of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper with two different inactivated canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccines. | two inactivated canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccines--an adjuvanted whole inactivated virus and a subunit iscom preparation--were tested for their ability to induce protective immunity in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) against phocid distemper, a disease that recently killed greater than 17,000 harbour seals in the north and baltic seas, and was shown to be caused by infection with a newly discovered morbillivirus, which is antigenically closely related to cdv. four cdv seronegative harbour sea ... | 1989 | 2609727 |
| production of antibodies to canine distemper virus in chicken eggs for immunohistochemistry. | the present study describes the application of egg yolk antibodies in immunohistochemistry. in order to obtain specific antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), chickens were immunized with attenuated virus. distinct antibody titres in serum and yolk could be detected by means of a modified plaque/focus immunoassay (elisa) two weeks after a second immunization. the lower concentrations in corresponding yolk globulin preparations are attributed to the loss of antibodies caused by the isol ... | 1989 | 2609804 |
| morbillivirus infection among seals (phoca vitulina) during the 1988 epidemic in the bay of heligoland. ii. serogological investigations reflecting a previous phocine distemper epidemic in a seal orphanage. | of 57 seals hospitalized in the norddeich orphanage, 37 (65%) had died until 22nd of august, 1988, when the first collection of blood samples from the survivors commenced. all the sera including those obtained at a later date from the remaining animals had invariably higher neutralizing antibody titres against a phocine distemper virus (pdv) isolate than against canine distemper virus (cdv). the difference of mean titres was calculated to be more than 1.5 x log10 serum dilution. peak titres demo ... | 1989 | 2609807 |
| immunopathogenesis of arterial diseases in animals and man. | this brief review summarizes our current understanding of vasculitis mediated by phlogistic immune complexes. the arthus reaction and serum sickness both represent experimental models for immune complex disease. immune complex phenomena occur in conjunction with c3 deficiency of dogs during canine distemper virus infection and, presumably, as a part of the beagle pain syndrome. | 1989 | 2665030 |
| rapid isolation of morbillivirus nucleocapsid for genomic rna cdna cloning and the production of specific core protein antisera. | a procedure is described for the rapid isolation of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid, free from contaminating viral non-core and host cellular proteins. nucleocapsid isolated in this manner is amenable to ultrastructural evaluation, protein isolation for the production of monospecific hyperimmune serum, and genomic rna isolation for cdna cloning. nucleocapsid (nc) and a defective nc variant (df-nc) isolated from 5.5 x 10(7) vero cells infected with ond-cdv is readily visualized on cesium grad ... | 1989 | 2668319 |
| infection studies in mink with seal-derived morbillivirus. | morbillivirus derived from diseased harbour seals (phoca vitulina) has characteristics of acute virulent canine distemper virus infection in mink. the infection induced a disease resembling the acute systemic and nervous form of canine distemper. | 1989 | 2669686 |
| [macrophages in central nervous canine distemper: friends or foes?]. | brain macrophages play an important role in the cns. we review some biological aspects of brain macrophages in vivo and in vitro. the criteria and methods used for the identification of these cells are considered. they include some morphological features such as the use of histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques for internal and surface components. in the second part of this review, we describe the role of brain macrophages in canine distemper encephalitis as proposed earlier by us. stud ... | 1989 | 2672305 |
| natural infection with canine distemper virus in a japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). | a case of encephalitis in a japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) was examined histopathologically and serologically. the animal had brain lesions consisting of perivascular cuffs, malacia, inclusion bodies and giant cells. monoclonal antibody to the nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (cdv) stained the inclusions, and the distribution of the virus antigen was closely associated with that of the histological lesions. serologically, all the 22 monkeys in the same group as the diseased monkey had r ... | 1989 | 2672547 |
| detection of intracellular canine distemper virus antigen in mink inoculated with an attenuated or a virulent strain of canine distemper virus. | using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, the distribution of viral antigen in various tissues and blood mononuclear leukocytes was studied in wild mink, either vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) or experimentally inoculated with the virulent snyder-hill strain of cdv. viral antigen was detected in cells of the lymphoid system 6 to 12 days after vaccination. from 2 to 3 days after inoculation with the virulent strain, cdv antigen was demonstrated i ... | 1989 | 2679253 |
| naturally occurring canine distemper virus encephalitis: distribution and expression of viral polypeptides in nervous tissues. | formalin-fixed brain tissues from 16 dogs with naturally occurring canine distemper virus (cdv) infection were investigated immunohistochemically by a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against four structural cdv proteins. three mab recognizing different epitopes of the polymerase (p-1, p-2, p-3) protein, two clones identifying different epitopes on each, the nucleocapsid (np-1, np-2) and fusion (f-2, f-3) protein, and one mab directed against the hemagglutinin (h-2) protein we ... | 1989 | 2683562 |
| clue to seal epizootic? | | 1989 | 2704417 |
| chronic relapsing demyelinating encephalomyelitis associated with persistent spontaneous canine distemper virus infection. | this is the first report of spontaneous canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in a dog associated with chronic progressive multiphasic neurological disease. initial neurological deficits in the pelvic limbs progressed rapidly to paraplegia with almost complete remission after 9 weeks. then another acute episode occurred with severe thoracic limb deficits and cerebellar dysfunction and progressive neurological deterioration over 3 months with rising serum neutralizing (sn) anti-cdv titers in the ... | 1989 | 2711831 |
| the mumps virus nucleocapsid mrna sequence and homology among the paramyxoviridae proteins. | the nucleotide sequence of mumps virus nucleocapsid protein (np) mrna has been determined from two overlapping cdna clones and confirmed by partial sequencing of the mrna and the genome. the mrna contains 1844 nucleotides excluding poly(a) and encodes a protein of 553 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 61,792. a comparison of the mumps virus nucleocapsid protein sequence with that of other paramyxoviruses revealed a moderate degree of homology (33.1%) with the newcastle disease vi ... | 1989 | 2718626 |
| antiviral antibodies stimulate production of reactive oxygen species in cultured canine brain cells infected with canine distemper virus. | canine distemper is characterized mainly by respiratory, enteric, and nervous symptoms. infection of the central nervous system results in demyelination, to which inflammation has been shown to contribute significantly. it has been proposed that macrophages play a major role as effector cells in this process. we report that cultured dog brain cells contain a population of macrophages capable of producing reactive oxygen species as measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. in cultures infe ... | 1989 | 2724413 |
| examination of eight cases of multiple sclerosis and 56 neurological and non-neurological controls for genomic sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, simian virus 5 and rubella virus. | in situ hybridization studies have been carried out on brain samples from eight cases of multiple sclerosis (ms) and 56 non-neurological and neurological controls, using single-stranded 35s-labelled rna probes prepared against genomic rna sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, rubella virus and simian virus 5. foci of hybridization were found using probes against the measles virus nucleocapsid protein (n), phosphoprotein and fusion protein gene sequences in two of the ms cases, and ... | 1989 | 2769228 |
| isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid variants. | nucleocapsid (nc) variants expressed by the onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) were ultrastructurally and biochemically characterized. three isolated variants were defined which corresponded to the three variants observed within the cytoplasm of infected cells. dense nc (d-nc), isolated on discontinuous caesium chloride (cscl) isopycnic gradients, had an average density of 1.2971 +/- 0.0042 g/ml. ultrastructurally, d-nc were 1620.0 +/- 112.1 nm in length with a 20.1 +/- 1.3 nm ... | 1989 | 2778437 |
| antibody-induced generation of reactive oxygen radicals by brain macrophages in canine distemper encephalitis: a mechanism for bystander demyelination. | the mechanism of inflammatory demyelination in canine distemper encephalitis (cde) is uncertain but macrophages are thought to play an important effector role in this lesion. serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf), containing anti-canine distemper virus and anti-myelin antibodies from dogs with cde were tested for their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ros) in macrophages in primary dog brain cell cultures using a chemiluminescence (cl) assay. the majority of serum samples and several c ... | 1989 | 2782050 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein mrna of mumps virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mumps virus membrane protein or matrix protein (m) has been determined by sequencing cdna clones and confirmed by partially sequencing the m mrna and the genome. the mrna is 1248 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) and encodes a protein of 375 amino acids. the molecular weight (38,670), deduced from the amino acid sequence, is in agreement with the molecular weight of the viral m protein estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (39-40 kda). the m ... | 1989 | 2789521 |
| inactivation of laboratory animal rna-viruses by physicochemical treatment. | eight commonly used chemical disinfectants and physical treatments (uv irradiation and heating) were applied to both enveloped rna viruses (sendai virus, canine distemper virus) and unenveloped rna viruses (theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, reo virus type 3) to inactivate infectious virus particles. according to the results, alcohols (70% ethanol, 50% isopropanol), formaldehyde (2% formalin), halogen compounds (52ppm iodophor, 100ppm sodium hypochlorite), quaternary ammonium chloride (0. ... | 1989 | 2806388 |
| persistent infection of vero cells by paramyxoviruses. a morphological and immunoelectron microscopic investigation. | two vero cell lines persistently infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) or with both cdv and canine parainfluenza (cpi) viruses were investigated. cells in the cpi-cdv cell line were 90-100% positive for cpi antigen and exhibited 10-80% cpi hemadsorption. cytoplasmic cdv antigen expressed in both singly and dually infected monolayers varied weekly from 1 to 100%. numerous cytolytic crises were observed in both cell lines. cell replication was severely depressed in both cell lines when compar ... | 1987 | 2826361 |
| [the growth of attenuated strains of canine parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and rabies virus on various types of cell cultures]. | the growth characteristics were studied in the attenuated strains of canine parvovirus cpva-bn 80/82, mink enteritis virus meva-bn 63/82 and feline panleucopenia virus fpva-bn 110/83 on the stable feline kidney cell line fe, and in the attenuated canine distemper virus cdv-f-bn 10/83 on chicken embryo cell cultures (keb) and cultures of the stable cell line vero. when the fe cultures were infected with different parvoviruses in cell suspension at moi 2-4 tkid50 per cell, the first multiplication ... | 1987 | 2827364 |
| serological survey for selected diseases in the endangered san joaquin kit fox (vulpes macrotis mutica). | blood from endangered san joaquin kit foxes (vulpes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the elk hills naval petroleum reserve, kern county, and the elkhorn plain, san luis obispo county, california, was collected in 1981, 1982 and 1984 and sera were tested for antibodies against 10 selected pathogens. proportions of kit fox sera containing antibodies against pathogens were: canine parvovirus, 100% in 1981-1982 and 67% in 1984; infectious canine hepatitis virus, 6% in 1981-1982 and 21% in 1984; canine di ... | 1988 | 2836636 |
| fixation procedures for retention of cellular morphologic features and for preservation of immunoreactivity of canine paramyxovirus antigens. | the effectiveness of 1% saponin at 55 c (sap), glutaraldehyde-borohydride-saponin (gbs), and modified gbs (mgbs) as fixatives for preserving cellular morphologic features, as well as antigenicity of intracellular and membrane-bound viral proteins of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was studied. use of the same fixatives for light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination also was investigated. by light microscopy, cdv inclusions were readily detect ... | 1988 | 2837114 |
| [changes in cellular microfilaments in viral infection]. | the effect of disorders in actin microfilament polymerization by cytochalasin b (cb) on the development of cytopathic changes was studied in two models. cb in concentrations of 0.1-1.0 microgram/ml enhanced 3-5-fold the formation of symplasts in a line of kidney cells from green monkey 4647 infected with carnivore distemper virus and inhibited this process in higher concentrations (2.5-5.0 micrograms/ml). the addition of cb in concentrations 5-10 micrograms/ml into the medium of a line of chines ... | 1988 | 2854678 |
| dogs and paget's disease. | | 1985 | 2866320 |
| serological evidence against role for canine distemper virus in pathogenesis of paget's disease of bone. | | 1986 | 2878259 |
| sequence analysis of the matrix protein gene of human parainfluenza virus type 3: extensive sequence homology among paramyxoviruses. | the sequences of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) matrix (m) mrna [1150 nucleotides exclusive of poly(a)] and predicted m protein (353 amino acids) were determined by sequence analysis of cloned cdna and viral genomic rna. the gene-end sequence of the m gene differed from the semi-conserved gene-end sequence of the other piv3 genes by an apparent insertion of eight nucleotides. the piv3 m protein shared high sequence homology with sendai virus and moderate homology with measles virus ... | 1987 | 2883252 |
| multiple sclerosis and canine distemper on key west, florida. | | 1987 | 2884509 |
| encephalitis in dogs associated with a batch of canine distemper (rockborn) vaccine. | during a period of seven months in 1982-83 cases of postvaccinal encephalitis were recorded in dogs in various parts of britain after the administration of a particular batch of combined distemper/hepatitis vaccine. detailed investigations of one of these cases revealed that the distemper component was responsible and the vaccine virus was recovered from the brain of an affected dog. | 1988 | 2895528 |
| canine distemper virus infectivity of various blood fractions for central nervous system vasculature. | in order to determine the infectivity of various viremic blood fractions for central nervous system (cns) endothelia, viremic plasma, platelets and mononuclear cells were prepared from canine distemper virus (cdv)-infected dogs and infused into the right carotid arteries of cdv-naive gnotobiotic dogs. all blood fractions were infectious for endothelia as determined by indirect immunofluorescence examination for viral antigen in recipients. virus-positive platelets, even though possessing only tr ... | 1989 | 2908882 |
| seal vaccination success. | | 1989 | 2909890 |
| distemper virus in baikal seals. | | 1989 | 2922047 |
| sequence analysis of the mumps virus mrna encoding the p protein. | the nucleotide sequence of the mumps virus phospho- or polymerase-associated (p) protein mrna has been determined by sequencing a full-length cdna clone and confirmed by partially sequencing the mrna and the genome. the mrna contains 1311 nucleotides excluding the poly(a) and encodes a protein of 390 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 41,574. three small polypeptides were seen in in vitro translation of viral mrna and hybrid-selected p mrna, possibly representing internal initiati ... | 1989 | 2922928 |
| astrocytic infection in canine distemper virus-induced demyelination. | acute canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced demyelinating lesions were examined with double-labelling immunocytochemistry simultaneously demonstrating cdv antigen and glial fibrillary acidid protein (gfap) as marker for astrocytes. it was shown that 64% of all astrocytes within the demyelinating lesions were infected and that 95% of all infected cells counted in the lesions were astrocytes. these results suggest that the astrocyte is the main target for cdv and that astroglial infection may play ... | 1989 | 2922996 |
| [the prevention of distemper in zoo animals]. | the distemper virus infection of different non-domestic carnivorous zoo animals is known since long. all species involved belonged to the suborder fissipedia. in 1988 a distemper or morbillivirus-like infection occurred in harbour seals, a member of the suborder pinnipedia. for the prophylaxis of distemper in dogs attenuated live vaccines are commonly used. in zoo animals, however, these vaccines caused distemper several times. in contrast, an inactivated virus vaccine proved both its safety and ... | 1989 | 2930451 |
| establishment of central nervous system infection by canine distemper virus: breach of the blood-brain barrier and facilitation by antiviral antibody. | morphologic, immunologic and virologic data implicating antiviral antibody in promoting entry of canine distemper virus (cdv) into brain and reticuloendothelial tissues are reviewed. infection of central nervous system (cns) endothelium precedes invasion of virus-positive and -negative leukocytes into virchow-robin spaces and central nervous system (cns) parenchyma by 1-3 days. platelets are implicated in initiation of endothelial infection in that: cdv-infected dogs are thrombocytopenic; platel ... | 1987 | 2963430 |
| [excessive neutralizing activity against the canine morbilli virus in an area at increased risk for multiple sclerosis]. | | 1988 | 2975034 |
| persistence of virulent canine distemper virus in lymphoblastoid cell lines. | persistent infection with virulent canine distemper virus (cdv-sh) was established in 2 human lymphoblastoid b cell lines (wi-l2 and raji), and one human (hsb), one simian (1670) and one canine (ct-45-s) lymphoblastoid t cell line. cell free virus from persistently infected t cell lines was avirulent for dogs but virulence was maintained during 31 cell passages in persistently infected b cell lines. | 1985 | 2994601 |
| [diagnostic problems posed by respiratory infections of dogs]. | the following viruses as well as bacteria and mycoplasma have been isolated from dogs with contagious respiratory disease: canine distemper virus; canine adenoviruses (type 1 and 2); parainfluenza type 2 (sv5); reovirus type 1; canine herpesvirus; bordetella bronchiseptica, streptococcus, pasteurella, staphylococcus and mycoplasma. the occurrence of these agents can be in direct relationship with: the evolution of a systemic disease; respiratory disorders being a regular or inconsistant symptom ... | 1985 | 2998696 |
| viral respiratory diseases. | an overview of the more commonly encountered viral diseases of the dog and cat is presented. the reader is acquainted with the principles of antiviral therapy and the drugs that have been studied for use in animal viral respiratory diseases. an update on vaccination principles and guidelines is provided. | 1985 | 3000052 |
| nucleotide sequence of the entire protein coding region of canine distemper virus polymerase-associated (p) protein mrna. | the entire coding region of the polymerase-associated (p) protein gene of canine distemper virus has been sequenced. a single cdna clone which represents 98% of the mrna encoding this protein was used to determine the nucleotide sequence. the sequence predicts a major protein of 507 amino acids and a molecular weight of 54 936. there is also a second, overlapping, open reading frame with a start signal 21 bases downstream of the first aug which could code for a protein of 174 amino acids with a ... | 1985 | 3000106 |
| serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters. | the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ... | 1985 | 3001000 |
| conserved structures among the nucleocapsid proteins of the paramyxoviridae: complete nucleotide sequence of human parainfluenza virus type 3 np mrna. | the nucleotide sequence of the mrna coding for the nucleocapsid protein (np) of the paramyxovirus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), has been determined. the np mrna was found to contain 1642 bases, excluding poly(a), and encode a protein of 515 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 57,823. amino acid residues 1 through 420 of piv-3 np protein showed extensive sequence homology with the corresponding amino acids of sendai virus nucleocapsid protein. there was virtually no homology betw ... | 1986 | 3012866 |
| sequence analysis of the p and c protein genes of human parainfluenza virus type 3: patterns of amino acid sequence homology among paramyxovirus proteins. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the p + c mrna of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf3) was determined by sequencing cdna, viral genomic rna and mrna. the p + c mrna is 2009 nucleotides in length, exclusive of poly(a), and contains two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the p + c mrna encodes two proteins, the 602 amino acid nucleocapsid phosphoprotein p and the 199 amino acid non-structural protein c. peptide mapping confirmed that the two proteins are unrelated. hybrid-arrest transla ... | 1986 | 3025346 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein mrna and three intergenic junctions of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the complete sequence of the gene encoding the matrix protein (m) of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was determined from cdna clones and from primer extension dideoxy sequencing of the viral genome. the m mrna is 1150 nucleotides in length, exclusive of polyadenylate, and codes for a protein of 353 amino acids, having a calculated molecular weight of 39,480. the m protein of piv-3 was found to have a high degree of sequence homology with that of a closely related paramyxovirus, sendai v ... | 1987 | 3027966 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in alaska, 1975-1982. | serum samples were collected from 116 wolves which were captured in southcentral alaska during 1975 through 1982. antibodies to the following infectious disease agents were found: infectious canine hepatitis virus-72 of 87 (81%), canine parvovirus type 2-0 of 55 (0%) through 1979 and 10 of 32 (31%) after 1979, francisella tularensis-16 of 67 (25%), canine distemper virus-10 of 83 (12%), coxiella burnetti-5 of 95 (5%), rabies virus-1 of 88 (1%), brucella spp.-1 of 67 (1%), leptospira interrogans- ... | 1987 | 3029442 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus gene encoding the matrix protein. | the sequence of the matrix (m) protein gene and contiguous intergenic regions of the human parainfluenza 3 virus (pf3) was determined by molecular cloning. the encoded m protein contains 354 amino acids and has a predicted mol wt of 39,506. the m protein amino acid sequence was compared to the homologous proteins from other members of the paramyxoviridae family. the pf3 protein shared 61% homology with the sendai virus protein and approximately 35% homology with measles and canine distemper viru ... | 1987 | 3029963 |
| immunization of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) with oral rabies vaccine. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were successfully immunized against rabies using an orally-administered, liquid sad-bhk21 live virus vaccine in a sausage bait. immunization was determined by serologic response and by resistance to challenge with an arctic rabies virus strain. virus was not shed in saliva following oral vaccination, indicating that arctic foxes would not infect other foxes after ingesting this vaccine. high antibody levels were present in all experimental foxes 2 wk following initi ... | 1988 | 3045347 |
| immunocytochemical methods for demonstrating canine distemper virus antigen in aldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. | the effects of enzymatic digestion, sodium borohydride reduction, acids used in decalcification procedures and techniques for inactivation of endogenous peroxidase were sequentially evaluated for their effect on the immunoreactivity of canine distemper virus in aldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. enzyme digestion improved immunoreactivity while sodium borohydride reduced background staining. paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues required thioglycolic acid treatment prior to enzyme d ... | 1986 | 3090088 |
| [an outbreak of distemper among seals (i)]. | the cause of a recent outbreak of a serious disease of seals in the north and baltic seas, in which so far, over 9000 of the population of 16,000 animals have died, was investigated. three viruses have been considered as the possible causative agents: a herpesvirus, a picornavirus and canine distemper virus. it was concluded mainly on the basis of serological data that canine distemper virus was the primary cause of the outbreak. the role of other factors on the extent and the severity of the ou ... | 1988 | 3176004 |
| [an outbreak of dog distemper among seals (2)]. | serological findings which had showed that the primary cause of the recent outbreak of serious disease of seals in the seas of north-western europe, is infection with canine distemper virus, were confirmed by in vivo and in vitro isolation of the virus from seals which had died at different locations during the outbreak. the virus which proved to be pathogenic for dogs, was characterised as canine distemper virus on the basis of immunofluorescence, virus neutralisation and electron microscopical ... | 1988 | 3176011 |
| anosmia associated with canine distemper. | the sense of smell in dogs infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) was examined by use of eeg olfactometry, behavioral olfactometry, and electro-olfactography. infection with cdv was confirmed by a direct immunofluorescence technique in 8 active cases and was suggested by clinical history compatible with canine distemper 10 to 26 weeks earlier in 6 cases. pathologic alterations of the olfactory mucosa in 3 clinically affected dogs was examined by light microscopy. infection with cdv was found ... | 1988 | 3178025 |
| antibody titers in domestic ferret jills and their kits to canine distemper virus vaccine. | antibody titers were measured in domestic or european ferret (mustela putorius furo) jills vaccinated with modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine and in their kits. the half-life of maternal antibody to cdv in ferrets was 9.43 days. ferret kits should be vaccinated against cdv at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. | 1988 | 3182383 |
| distemper-like disease in harbor seals: virus isolation, further pathologic and serologic findings. | | 1988 | 3218398 |
| serum antibody response to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus-1, and canine distemper virus in dogs with known status of immunization: study of dogs in sweden. | serum antibody titers to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus-1 (cav-1), and canine distemper virus (cdv) were measured in dogs with known immunization status. the dogs represented 3 groups: nonvaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; vaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; and adult dogs greater than 12 months old. for practical reasons, the population from which the specimens were obtained could be considered as free from natural infection with cav-1 and cdv. in nonvaccinated dogs less ... | 1988 | 3223653 |
| hyperinsulinemia induced by canine distemper virus infection of mice and its correlation with the appearance of obesity. | 1. weanling swiss mice surviving an acute infection with canine distemper virus were persistently infected. among these mice, up to 30% had hyperinsulinemia and this was followed by an obesity syndrome. 2. analysis of the lipid composition of various organs revealed that compared to control animals, the obese had an accumulation of triglycerides in both liver and adipose tissue. 3. studies on the lipid metabolism using a number of radioactive lipid precursors showed a specific accumulation of th ... | 1988 | 3224507 |
| characterization of canine distemper viruses adapted to human neural cells. | the biochemical characteristics of canine distemper virus (cdv) adapted to three human neural cells (glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and neuroblastoma cells) were compared with those of the unadapted original virus. the specific gravity of the virions and nucleocapsids of the original and the three adapted viruses were not different. the molecular weights of genomic rna and messenger rnas encoding h, f, p, and np proteins of the adapted viruses as estimated by northern blot hybridization were s ... | 1988 | 3237121 |
| reversion of neurovirulence and in vitro phenotype of neural cell-adapted canine distemper virus after passage in non-neural cells. | the stability of neurovirulence and in vitro phenotypes of canine distemper viruses adapted to neural cells was examined. neurovirulence was estimated by the morbidity, mortality, and histopathological changes in the central nervous system of mice. after a single passage of the adapted viruses in vero cells in which the unadapted virus had been passed, the neurovirulence of glioblastoma-adapted and oligodendroglioma-adapted viruses reverted completely to that of the unadapted virus. however, the ... | 1988 | 3237124 |
| [the level of antibodies against the canine morbilli virus--a possible "marker" for areas with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis]. | | 1988 | 3249896 |
| patterns of the morbillivirus immunity in some residents from high-risk areas for multiple sclerosis. | | 1988 | 3253922 |
| effects of induced thrombocytopenia on viral invasion of the central nervous system in canine distemper virus infection. | groups of canine distemper virus (cdv) susceptible ferrets were treated daily with 2.0 ml of normal goat serum (ngs) or goat anti-ferret platelet serum from 2 days before to 11 days after infection. each group was subdivided into 2 and one subgroup of each was subsequently injected intraperitoneally with virulent r252-cdv. ferrets were killed on days 2, 4, 6, 9 and 11 after infection and tissues from the central nervous system (cns) were examined for histopathological lesions typical for cdv and ... | 1987 | 3312311 |
| experimental patterns related to multiple sclerosis pathology. | in the history of experimental demyelination, allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is the most impressive experimental demyelinating disease based on an immunological mechanism. the evolution of the neuropathological process of chronic eae is very close to that of chronic multiple sclerosis. on the other hand experimental inoculation of different viruses can induce various types of demyelination depending on the main target of the virus and the host response, this latter being conditioned by the age ... | 1987 | 3313666 |
| the molecular biology of the morbillivirus (measles) group. | the morbilliviruses are a closely related group of important human and animal pathogens. the best known members of the group are measles virus in man and canine distemper virus in dogs. the group also includes two other serious animal diseases, rinderpest or cattle plague and peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats. the latter viruses are of great economic importance in africa, asia and the middle east. persistence of these viruses in some form is a possible mechanism whereby life-long imm ... | 1987 | 3332767 |
| production of immunoglobulin g and increased antiviral antibody in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with delayed-onset canine distemper viral encephalitis. | sera and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from four dogs with delayed-onset canine distemper viral (cdv) encephalitis (old dog encephalitis) were compared with samples from dogs with acute cdv and from recently vaccinated controls. dogs with old dog encephalitis (ode) had elevated csf igg concentrations (122 micrograms/ml) compared to controls (13 micrograms/ml) without elevated csf albumin; their csf igg index was significantly greater. csf proteins banding in the alkaline region of isoelectric focusi ... | 1988 | 3339118 |
| analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in rinderpest virus-infected cells. | we have identified, by [35s]methionine labeling, eight major induced proteins and a number of minor proteins in rinderpest virus-infected bovine kidney cells. the polypeptides ranged in molecular weight from 212 to 21.5 kda. the majority of these polypeptides are virus specific, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with rabbit hyperimmune serum against rinderpest. infected cells radiolabeled with glucosamine contained a 75-kda polypeptide and a broad band migrating at 80 kda, both identified a ... | 1988 | 3354196 |
| canine distemper virus (cdv) immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), but not measles virus iscoms, protect dogs against cdv infection. | the potential of immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), a novel form of antigenic presentation, for the induction of protective immunity against morbillivirus infection was shown by immunizing dogs with canine distemper virus (cdv) iscoms, which contained the fusion (f) protein and a minor amount of the haemagglutinin of the virus. the immunized dogs developed cdv-neutralizing antibodies but, in contrast to non-immunized dogs, did not develop viraemia or clinical signs of infection upon intranas ... | 1988 | 3404123 |
| canine distemper in black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes) from wyoming. | in september and october 1985, six black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes) were captured from the only known population, located near meeteetse, wyoming for captive propagation. two days following capture an adult male showed signs of canine distemper and an adult female displayed similar signs 7 days postcapture; these infections were undoubtedly acquired prior to capture. subsequently the four remaining captive black-footed ferrets also developed canine distemper and all eventually died. clini ... | 1988 | 3411697 |
| identification of virus causing recent seal deaths. | | 1988 | 3412456 |
| species jump may be responsible for seals' virus infection. | | 1988 | 3412457 |
| cloning of the fusion gene of rinderpest virus: comparative sequence analysis with other morbilliviruses. | we have cloned the cdna of the fusion (f) gene of the virulent (kabete o) strain of rinderpest virus and provided a comparative analysis of its sequence with that of the f genes of measles and distemper viruses. the gene has an open reading frame of 2241 nucleotides with two potential initiation codons in-frame. use of the first atg would produce a polypeptide 747 amino acids long with a calculated molecular weight of 81,068. however, we suggest that the second atg is used to generate the fo pro ... | 1988 | 3413983 |
| canine distemper virus in seals. | | 1988 | 3419515 |
| confirmation of cause of recent seal deaths. | | 1988 | 3419516 |
| identification of negative strand and positive strand rna of canine distemper virus in animal tissues using single stranded rna probes. | in this report, we describe a technique for identifying negative strand (genome) and positive strand (messenger) rna of canine distemper virus (cdv) in dog tissues by using single stranded rna probes. plasmids (psp64-p and psp65-p) which contain insert dna corresponding to the p gene of cdv were transcribed by sp6 polymerase in the presence of radioisotope to produce radiolabeled single stranded rna probes. rna transcribed from psp65-p is complementary to the negative strand (genome) and rna pro ... | 1987 | 3429601 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the f protein of canine distemper virus: a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with other paramyxoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion protein of canine distemper virus was determined from cdna clones derived from virus genome rna and poly(a)+ rna extracted from infected cells. the mrna encoding the f protein is about 2300 nucleotides in length including the 3' poly(a) tail. there is a large open reading frame from nucleotides 86 to 2071 which begins at the first aug codon in the f mrna. this reading frame encodes a protein of 662 amino acid residues with a calculated mol. ... | 1987 | 3433924 |
| canine distemper virus: the early blood-brain barrier lesion. | experimental infection of gnotobiotic beagle dogs with neurovirulent r252 canine distemper virus (cdv) resulted in hematogenous dissemination of virus to the central nervous system (cns). viral antigen was first detected within cns capillary and venular endothelia and/or perivascular astrocytic foot processes and pericytes. the number of primary infection sites was evenly distributed throughout the neuraxis. leukocytic infiltrations followed cns endothelial cell infection by 1-2 days and were co ... | 1987 | 3434212 |
| immunosuppression by canine distemper virus: modulation of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis, interleukin release and prostaglandin e2 production. | in vitro or in vivo infection of canine mononuclear cells by canine distemper virus (cdv) in short-term microcultures resulted in suppression of lectin-induced 3h-thymidine incorporation. this suppressive effect was also evident in pokeweed mitogen-driven in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis and release. lectin-induced interleukin-2 production by monocyte-depleted lymphocyte cultures was marginally affected by cdv, whereas interleukin-1 production by adherent mononuclear cells was significantly dep ... | 1987 | 3498254 |
| evidence of canine distemper virus infection in skunks negative for antibody against rabies virus. | between january 1981 and october 1985, brain tissue specimens from 192 skunks that were negative for antibodies against rabies virus were obtained from 2 illinois public health laboratories (a and b). brain lesions were detected microscopically in specimens from 17 of the 91 (18.7%) skunks from laboratory b and in specimens from 30 of the 101 (29.7%) skunks from laboratory a. lesions in 3 skunks (1 from laboratory a, 2 from b) were caused by cerebral parasitism. lesions in the remaining 44 skunk ... | 1986 | 3505934 |
| pathologic findings in rabies-suspect, random-source, and accidentally killed skunks. | to evaluate sampling biases, pathologic findings in accidentally killed skunks (ie, killed by motor vehicles) were compared with those in random-source skunks (live-trapped and euthanatized, or trap-killed during research) and skunks submitted to a public health laboratory as rabies-suspect. presence or absence of microscopic lesions in the brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs were used to test the null hypothesis that prevalence of disease did not differ by source of collection. brain lesions diffe ... | 1986 | 3505935 |
| canine distemper virus in coyotes: a serologic survey. | serum samples from 228 coyotes were selected randomly from a serum bank assembled from texas from 1975 to 1984 and were evaluated serologically for neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv). one hundred and twenty-eight (56%) of the 228 coyotes had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:5 against cdv (seropositive). the serologic prevalence (seroprevalence) of antibodies against cdv infection was higher in the spring (62%) than in the fall (40%). the seroprevalence of c ... | 1986 | 3505937 |
| autologous and allogeneic antibody responses to canine distemper virus isolates from dogs with chronic neurological diseases. | we describe the antibody responses to three strains of canine distemper virus (cdv) isolated from dogs with chronic neurological disease in the los angeles area using the naturally occurring sera and cerebrospinal fluids (csfs) of these animals as probes for comparison. cdv/cde-2 was derived from a dog with chronic distemper encephalitis, and cdv/ode-8 and cdv/ode-10 were derived from dogs with old dog encephalitis. sera and csfs were used in autologous (same dog) and allogeneic (different dog) ... | 1987 | 3509673 |
| in vitro detection of canine distemper virus nucleic acid with a virus-specific cdna probe by dot-blot and in situ hybridization. | a cdna library was prepared from canine distemper viral (cdv) messenger rna (mrna) derived from vero cells lytically infected with the onderstepoort strain (ond) of cdv. a 300 base pair insert was identified which, by northern blot analysis and sanger sequence data, was shown to be specific to the nucleocapsid gene. the nucleocapsid (nc) clone was radiolabelled with 32p using nick translation and used to detect viral rna in both dot-blot and in situ preparations of vero cells lytically infected ... | 1986 | 3539957 |
| eurytrema procyonis in a new york fox. | a fox infected with canine distemper virus had multiple eurytrema procyonis trematodes within the major pancreatic duct. the ductal epithelium was slightly hyperplastic and there was mild periductal fibrosis present. there was dilatation of the pancreatic duct containing the parasites. numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were present in the epithelium of multiple organs, including the pancreatic ducts. | 1987 | 3568687 |
| humoral immune response in dogs with old dog encephalitis and chromic distemper meningo-encephalitis. | the humoral immune response in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (csfs) of dogs with various forms of canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced encephalitis was assessed by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, membrane (m), haemagglutinin and fusion proteins. sera from vaccinated dogs and hyperimmune sera contained antibodies to all the above antigens. in two cases of old dog encephalitis the sera and csfs showed a restricted response to the m protein of cdv, whilst in three ... | 1987 | 3585283 |
| comparison of proteins induced in cells infected with rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses. | the two morbilliviruses rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) are closely related and cause severe disease in large and small ruminants, respectively. they show distinct epidemiological patterns and are distinguishable by reciprocal cross-neutralization tests. we have analysed the proteins induced by these viruses in infected cells and have shown that they can be distinguishable by a very marked difference in the apparent mol. wt. of the nucleocapsid (n) protein. the ... | 1987 | 3598564 |
| canine distemper virus-induced thrombocytopenia. | effects of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection on circulating platelet values were studied in gnotobiotic dogs inoculated with r252-cdv. thrombocytopenia (less than 200,000 platelets/microliter) was present on postinoculation day (pid) 5 and persisted through pid 15. peak thrombocytopenia occurred on pid 10 (less than 85,000 platelets/microliter). thrombocytopenia was accompanied by lymphopenia, neutropenia, and monocytopenia. platelet membrane-bound cdv antigen and igg were present from pid ... | 1987 | 3631719 |
| neuropathology and neurovirulence of canine distemper virus plaque isolates in the hamster. | the relationship between neuropathological abnormalities, antibody response and neurovirulence of plaque isolates has been studied in an experimental model of canine distemper in the hamster. genetic virus variance influenced neurovirulence and the experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the mechanism of this effect may be through the modulating effect of circulating antibody. large plaque virus (lpv) produced severe encephalitis with little early antibody response and a high degree o ... | 1987 | 3683747 |
| oligodendroglial pathology in canine distemper virus infection in vitro. | dog brain cell cultures were infected with different canine distemper virus (cdv) strains to study the oligodendrocytes, which were characterized with eight different antibodies to cover the whole oligodendroglial population in the culture. a few weeks after infection all oligodendroglial cell types started to degenerate and disappeared from the culture. however, since no cdv protein could be demonstrated in the degenerating oligodendrocytes with extensive double-labelling studies, this lesion c ... | 1987 | 3687388 |
| comparison of biological and molecular properties among canine distemper virus strains. | | 1986 | 3712888 |
| neurovirulence in mice of neural cell-adapted canine distemper virus. | neurovirulence of the onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) adapted to human neural cell lines was determined by the intracerebral inoculation of ddd mice at 3 and 5 weeks of age. intensity of neurovirulence was estimated by histopathological changes in the central nervous system and clinical symptoms. the original virus propagated in vero cells induced leptomeningoencephalitis, whereas neuroblastoma-adapted virus induced nerve cell degeneration and mild encephalitis with relative ... | 1986 | 3724559 |
| potential role of paramyxoviruses in multiple sclerosis. | at the present time, the cause of multiple sclerosis (ms) remains unknown, although it seem likely that one or more infectious agents triggers the disease, perhaps through an autoimmune mechanism. in this article, evidence linking the paramyxoviruses, canine distemper, and measles to ms is reviewed. | 1986 | 3724739 |
| matrix genes of measles virus and canine distemper virus: cloning, nucleotide sequences, and deduced amino acid sequences. | the nucleotide sequences encoding the matrix (m) proteins of measles virus (mv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) were determined from cdna clones containing these genes in their entirety. in both cases, single open reading frames specifying basic proteins of 335 amino acid residues were predicted from the nucleotide sequences. both viral messages were composed of approximately 1,450 nucleotides and contained 400 nucleotides of presumptive noncoding sequences at their respective 3' ends. mv and c ... | 1986 | 3754588 |
| protection against canine distemper virus in dogs after immunization with isolated fusion protein. | canine distemper virus attachment (hemagglutinin [h] equivalent) and fusion (f) antigens were purified by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies. the purified antigens were used to immunize groups of three dogs. radioimmune precipitation assays with sera from these animals showed that the f antigen preparation was pure and induced only an f polypeptide-specific antibody response but that the h antigen preparation had a slight contamination by the f antigen. immunized animals were cha ... | 1986 | 3754590 |
| characterization of clones for the sixth (l) gene and a transcriptional map for morbilliviruses. | cdna clones of the largest rna transcript of the canine distemper and measles morbilliviruses were characterized. this presumably codes for the l protein of these viruses. mrna 4 was identified as coding for the haemagglutinin protein of measles virus. from an analysis of readthrough transcripts representing tandem copies of two or three genes we established a transcriptional map and the gene order on the negative strand genome of the morbilliviruses to be 3'-n-p + c-m-f-h-l-5'. the data exclude ... | 1986 | 3755751 |
| imprints of virus infection: can paramyxoviruses permanently modify triacylglycerol metabolism? | we have examined whether the passage of a paramyxovirus in a cell (bgm, african green monkey kidney) or animal (swiss mouse) can permanently modify its metabolism. in an in vitro model in which cells had been cured of a measles virus persistent infection, the cells retained the modifications affecting lipid metabolism and composition induced during the infection. in a canine distemper virus mouse model, the same virus-induced modifications were observed in mice after the virus had been eliminate ... | 1986 | 3762334 |
| repeated suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis following vaccinations of cpv-immune dogs with modified-live cpv vaccines. | a commercially available modified-live canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccine was evaluated for its immunosuppressive properties in eight random-bred dogs, all with circulatory antibody to cpv. three of the eight dogs exhibited a significant decrease in lymphocyte blastogenesis after vaccine administration. in these dogs, this decrease in blastogenesis was of short duration and was consistently observed after repeated administrations of the vaccine. neither gastroenteritis, fever nor leukopenia, signs ... | 1986 | 3776091 |
| albumin leakage into cerebrospinal fluid of dogs lethally infected with r252 canine distemper virus. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) form nine lethally infected and three convalescent gnotobiotic dogs infected with the r252 strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) was evaluated prior to and following infection. lethally infected dogs had a mean seven-fold increase in csf albumin concentration compared to the preinoculation value, not present in dogs destined to survive. immunochemical examination of tissue from these dogs revealed prominent perivascular localization of albumin. examination of csf cells ... | 1987 | 3805261 |
| [studies on canine distemper virus. i. virus cultivation in cell cultures]. | the author studied the multiplication capacity of 2 avianized strains of canine distemper virus - onderstepoort and lederle encephalitis and 2 country strains - ws-66 and ll-68 in primary cell cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts and the dog's kidney. the strain onderstepoort multiplied and caused cytopathological changes in the cell culture of chicken embryo fibroblasts after passaging from villousallantoic membranes of chicken embryos. maximum titer was found between the 5th and 15th passage ... | 1986 | 3822856 |
| prolonged viral antigen retention in the brain of a gnotobiotic dog experimentally infected with canine distemper virus. | | 1987 | 3824826 |
| f1 polypeptides of two canine distemper virus strains: variation in the conserved n-terminal hydrophobic region. | the fusion protein of canine distemper virus was isolated by immunoadsorption from two virus strains, the rapidly growing onderstepoort strain (forming large plaques) and the convac vaccine strain (forming microplaques). the f1 subunits of the two fusion proteins were purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. direct amino acid sequence analysis revealed that 36-residue n-terminal regions of the proteins from the two strains are identical except at position 9, where ala in the c ... | 1987 | 3824906 |