| measles virus fusion protein: structure, function and inhibition. | measles virus (mev), a highly contagious member of the paramyxoviridae family, causes measles in humans. the paramyxoviridae family of negative single-stranded enveloped viruses includes several important human and animal pathogens, with mev causing approximately 120,000 deaths annually. mev and canine distemper virus (cdv)-mediated diseases can be prevented by vaccination. however, sub-optimal vaccine delivery continues to foster mev outbreaks. post-exposure prophylaxis with antivirals has been ... | 2016 | 27110811 |
| influence of vaccine strains on the evolution of canine distemper virus. | | 2016 | 27101783 |
| post-mortem findings in southern right whales eubalaena australis at península valdés, argentina, 2003-2012. | between 2003 and 2012, 605 southern right whales (srw; eubalaena australis) were found dead along the shores of península valdés (pv), argentina. these deaths included alarmingly high annual losses between 2007 and 2012, a peak number of deaths (116) in 2012, and a significant number of deaths across years in calves-of-the-year (544 of 605 [89.9%]; average = 60.4 yr(-1)). post-mortem examination and pathogen testing were performed on 212 whales; 208 (98.1%) were calves-of-the-year and 48.0% of t ... | 2016 | 27068500 |
| phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in south america clade 1 reveals unique molecular signatures of the local epidemic. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious pathogen for domestic dogs and several wild carnivore species. in brazil, natural infection of cdv in dogs is very high due to the large non-vaccinated dog population, a scenario that calls for new studies on the molecular epidemiology. this study investigates the phylodynamics and amino-acid signatures of cdv epidemic in south america by analyzing a large dataset compiled from publicly available sequences and also by collecting new samples fro ... | 2016 | 27060756 |
| coinfection with hepatozoon sp. and canine distemper virus in a yellow-throated marten ( martes flavigula koreana) in korea. | we describe coinfection with hepatozoon sp. and canine distemper virus (cdv) in a yellow-throated marten ( martes flavigula koreana). we found hepatozoon cysts in muscular tissue and viral inclusion bodies in the brain. hepatozoon sp., and cdv was confirmed in blood and brain, respectively, by pcr. | 2016 | 27054471 |
| prevalence of common canine digestive problems compared with other health problems in teaching veterinary hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine, cairo university, egypt. | the present study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of common digestive problems compared to other health problems among dogs that were admitted to the teaching veterinary hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine, cairo university, egypt during 1 year period from january to december 2013. also, study the effect of age, sex, breeds, and season on the distribution of digestive problems in dogs. | 2015 | 27047105 |
| canine distemper virus in wild felids of costa rica. | several highly infectious diseases can be transmitted through feces and cause elevated mortality among carnivore species. one such infectious agent, canine distemper virus (cdv; paramyxoviridae: morbillivirus), has been reported to affect wild carnivores, among them several felid species. we screened free-ranging and captive wild carnivores in costa rica for cdv. between 2006 and 2012, we collected 306 fecal samples from 70 jaguars (panther onca), 71 ocelots ( leopardus pardalis ), five jaguarun ... | 2016 | 26967127 |
| age-related presence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in paraffin-embedded lung samples of dogs with pneumonia. | the aim of this retrospective study was to detect selected pathogens in pneumonic lung tissue of dogs of different age groups by immunohistochemistry (ihc), in situ hybridisation (ish) or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in order to get information about their involvement in pneumonia formation. in archived formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded lung samples from 68 cases with the clinical and histologic diagnosis of pneumonia the histological pattern of pneumonia was re-evaluated and the sampl ... | 2016 | 26919147 |
| detection of arctic and european cluster of canine distemper virus in north and center of iran. | canine distemper virus (cdv) creates a very contagious viral multi-systemic canine distemper (cd) disease that affects most species of carnivora order. the virus is genetically heterogeneous, particularly in section of the hemagglutinin (h) gene. sequence analysis of the h gene can be useful to investigate distinction of various lineages related to geographical distribution and cdv molecular epidemiology. since vaccination program is conducted only in large cities of iran, cd still remains as on ... | 2015 | 26893808 |
| circovirus in domestic and wild carnivores: an important opportunistic agent? | circoviruses are relatively novel pathogens with increased importance in canids. in this study, we first screened the presence of dog circovirus (dogcv) by molecular methods from a total number of 389 internal organ samples originating from 277 individuals of domestic dogs and wild animals including wolves, foxes and badgers. all the animals originated from central-southern italy, specifically from abruzzi and molise regions, areas hosting several natural parks. dogcv was detected in 9/34 wolves ... | 2016 | 26848830 |
| correction: pathology in practice: canine distemper virus infection in a puppy. | | 2016 | 26829273 |
| morbillivirus and henipavirus attachment protein cytoplasmic domains differently affect protein expression, fusion support and particle assembly. | the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domains of paramyxovirus attachment glycoproteins include trafficking signals that influence protein processing and cell surface expression. to characterize the role of the cytoplasmic domain in protein expression, fusion support and particle assembly in more detail, we constructed chimeric nipah virus (niv) glycoprotein (g) and canine distemper virus (cdv) haemagglutinin (h) proteins carrying the respective heterologous cytoplasmic domain, as well as a series of m ... | 2016 | 26813519 |
| fatal nocardiosis in a dog caused by multiresistant nocardia veterana. | among pathogenic nocardia species in humans and animals, infections caused by nocardia (n.) veterana have rarely been described and so far, all non-human cases are linked to bovine mastitis in brazil. the aim of this study was to identify the causative microorganism involved in the death of a three-month-old dog suffering from dyspnea and neurological deficits ante mortem. pathomorphological investigation revealed (pyo-)granulomatous lesions in various organs. bacteriological examination was per ... | 2016 | 26790938 |
| phocine distemper virus (pdv) seroprevalence as predictor for future outbreaks in harbour seals. | phocine distemper virus (pdv) infections caused the two most pronounced mass mortalities in marine mammals documented in the past century. during the two outbreaks, 23,000 and 30,000 harbour seals (phoca vitulina), died in 1988/1989 and 2002 across populations in the wadden sea and adjacent waters, respectively. to follow the mechanism and development of disease spreading, the dynamics of morbillivirus-specific antibodies in harbour seal populations in german and danish waters were examined. 522 ... | 2016 | 26790934 |
| efficient generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-pseudotypes bearing morbilliviral glycoproteins and their use in quantifying virus neutralising antibodies. | morbillivirus neutralising antibodies are traditionally measured using either plaque reduction neutralisation tests (prnts) or live virus microneutralisation tests (micro-nts). while both test formats provide a reliable assessment of the strength and specificity of the humoral response, they are restricted by the limited number of viral strains that can be studied and often present significant biological safety concerns to the operator. in this study, we describe the adaptation of a replication- ... | 2016 | 26706278 |
| dog overpopulation and burden of exposure to canine distemper virus and other pathogens on santa cruz island, galapagos. | dog overpopulation and diseases are hazards to native island species and humans on the galapagos. vaccination and importation of dogs are prohibited on the galapagos. risk management of these hazards requires the use of science-based risk assessment and risk communication. the objectives of the study reported here were (i) to estimate the human:dog ratio and (ii) the prevalence of and identify exposure factors associated with positive antibody titers to canine distemper virus (cdv) and other pat ... | 2016 | 26700426 |
| sequencing of emerging canine distemper virus strain reveals new distinct genetic lineage in the united states associated with disease in wildlife and domestic canine populations. | recent outbreaks of canine distemper have prompted examination of strains from clinical samples submitted to the university of tennessee college of veterinary medicine (utcvm) clinical virology lab. we previously described a new strain of cdv that significantly diverged from all genotypes reported to date including america 2, the genotype proposed to be the main lineage currently circulating in the us. the aim of this study was to determine when this new strain appeared and how widespread it is ... | 2015 | 26683832 |
| rt-pcr and sequence analysis of the full-length fusion protein of canine distemper virus from domestic dogs. | during 2007-2014, 84 out of 236 (35.6%) samples from domestic dogs submitted to our laboratory for diagnostic purposes were positive for canine distemper virus (cdv), as analyzed by rt-pcr amplification of a fragment of the nucleoprotein gene. fifty-nine of them (70.2%) were from dogs that had been vaccinated against cdv. the full-length gene encoding the fusion (f) protein of fifteen isolates was sequenced and compared with that of those of other cdvs, including wild-type and vaccine strains. p ... | 2016 | 26611227 |
| canine distemper virus fusion activation: critical role of residue e123 of cd150/slam. | measles virus (mev) and canine distemper virus (cdv) possess tetrameric attachment proteins (h) and trimeric fusion proteins, which cooperate with either slam or nectin 4 receptors to trigger membrane fusion for cell entry. while the mev h-slam cocrystal structure revealed the binding interface, two distinct oligomeric h assemblies were also determined. in one of the conformations, two slam units were sandwiched between two discrete h head domains, thus spotlighting two binding interfaces ("fron ... | 2015 | 26608324 |
| low titers of canine distemper virus antibody in wild fishers (martes pennanti) in the eastern usa. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects species in the order carnivora. members of the family mustelidae are among the species most susceptible to cdv and have a high mortality rate after infection. assessing an animal's pathogen or disease load prior to any reintroduction project is important to help protect the animal being reintroduced, as well as the wildlife and livestock in the area of relocation. we screened 58 fishers for cdv antibody prior to their release into pennsylvania, us, as part of ... | 2016 | 26555109 |
| identification of a novel canine distemper virus b-cell epitope using a monoclonal antibody against nucleocapsid protein. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a member of the genus morbillivirus within the family paramyxoviridae and has caused severe economic losses in china. nucleocapsid protein (n) is the major structural viral protein and can be used to diagnose cdv and other morbilliviruses. in this study, a specific monoclonal antibody, 1n8, was produced against the cdv n protein (amino acids 277-471). a linear n protein epitope was identified by subjecting a series of partially overlapping synthesized peptides to ... | 2016 | 26514066 |
| specific detection of peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies in sheep and goat sera by the luciferase immunoprecipitation system. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a contagious and often fatal transboundary animal disease affecting mostly sheep, goats and wild small ruminants. this disease is endemic in most of africa, the middle, near east, and large parts of asia. the causal agent is peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv), which belongs to the genus morbillivirus in the family paramyxoviridae. this genus also includes measles virus (mv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and rinderpest virus (rpv). all are closely related ... | 2016 | 26506137 |
| associations between biosecurity and outbreaks of canine distemper on danish mink farms in 2012-2013. | during 8 months from july 2012 to february 2013, a major outbreak of canine distemper involving 64 mink farms occurred on the danish peninsula of jutland. the canine distemper outbreak was associated with exposure of farmed mink to infected wild carnivores and could represent a deficit in biosecurity on the mink farms. the aim of this study was to investigate the extent and association of specific biosecurity measures with the outbreak. the study was carried out in an epidemiological case-contro ... | 2015 | 26423523 |
| isolation and phylogenetic characterization of canine distemper virus from india. | canine distemper (cd), caused by canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. sequence analysis of cdvs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. in this study, we isolated the virus (place: ludhiana, punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (h) gene and full length ... | 2015 | 26396979 |
| unusual necrotizing encephalitis in raccoons and skunks concurrently infected with canine distemper virus and sarcocystis sp. | canine distemper virus commonly infects free-ranging, terrestrial mesopredators throughout the united states. due to the immunosuppressive effects of the virus, concurrent opportunistic infections are also common. among these, secondary systemic protozoal infections have been described in a number of species. we report an unusual presentation of necrotizing encephalitis associated withsarcocystissp in four raccoons and one skunk concurrently infected with canine distemper virus. lesions were cha ... | 2016 | 26374278 |
| tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8 (tnfaip8) expression associated with cell survival and death in cancer cell lines infected with canine distemper virus. | oncolytic virotherapy is a novel strategy for treatment of cancer in humans and companion animals as well. canine distemper virus (cdv), a paramyxovirus, has proven to be oncolytic through induction of apoptosis in canine-derived tumour cells, yet the mechanism behind this inhibitory action is poorly understood. in this study, three human mammary tumour cell lines and one canine-derived adenofibrosarcoma cell line were tested regarding to their susceptibility to cdv infection, cell proliferation ... | 2015 | 26373887 |
| use of serologic tests to predict resistance to canine distemper virus-induced disease in vaccinated dogs. | the objective of the current study was to determine whether detection of canine distemper virus (cdv)-specific serum antibodies correlates with resistance to challenge with virulent virus. virus neutralization (vn) assay results were compared with resistance to viral challenge in 2 unvaccinated beagle puppies, 9 unvaccinated beagle dogs (4.4-7.2 years of age), and 9 vaccinated beagle dogs (3.7-4.7 years of age). eight of 9 (89%) unvaccinated adult dogs exhibited clinical signs after virus challe ... | 2015 | 26330396 |
| blindness in a wild american black bear cub (ursus americanus). | an approximately six-month-old wild american black bear (ursus americanus) was found wandering in saskatchewan and was presented to the veterinary medical centre of the western college of veterinary medicine for apparent blindness. clinical examination confirmed an inability to navigate a photopic maze, bilateral tapetal hyper-reflectivity, fundi devoid of retinal vessels, and small pale optic nerve papillae. single-flash electroretinography revealed a and b-wave amplitudes of approximately 40 a ... | 2016 | 26302466 |
| preparation and identification of a single-chain variable fragment antibody against canine distemper virus. | the variable regions of the heavy chain (vh) and light chain (vl) were amplified by rt-pcr from the hybridoma 1n8, which secretes the monoclonal antibody against cdv n protein (aa 277-471). the vl and vh amplicons were combined using soe-pcr by a 12 amino acid flexible linker (ssggggsggggs), which produced the scfv gene (named scfv/1n8). after sequence analysis, the scfv/1n8 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pet32a with a his-tag. the recombinant scfv/1n8 protein was success ... | 2015 | 26301925 |
| concomitance and interactions of pathogens in the iberian wolf (canis lupus). | with the aim of improving our understanding of their epidemiological features, exposure to or presence of canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), leishmania infantum and sarcoptes scabiei were studied in 88 wild wolves from asturias (northern spain) by means of long-term (2004-2010) serological and molecular data. individual and population factors and the possible interactions between them were also statistically analyzed for better understanding the contact/presence of studied pa ... | 2015 | 26267084 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of a canine distemper virus from a raccoon dog in jilin province, china. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a major pathogen not only in raccoon dogs but also in a variety of carnivorous animals, including domesticated animals, particularly if they have not been vaccinated. in this study, a wild-type strain of cdv was isolated from lung tissue from a raccoon dog kept at a fur farm in jilin province, china. cytopathic effects typical of cdv infection were observed after three blind passages in vero cells, yielding a virus titer of 10(4.6) tcid50/ml. virus identification ... | 2015 | 26265248 |
| pathogenesis of canine distemper virus in experimentally infected raccoon dogs, foxes, and minks. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects a broad range of carnivores and causes a highly contagious disease with severe immunosuppression. the disease severity markedly varies in different species. to investigate the pathogenesis of cdv in raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), fox (vulpes vulpes) and mink (neovison vison) species, three groups of cdv sero-negative animals were infected with cdv strain ln(10)1. this cdv strain belongs to the asia-1 genotype, which is epidemiologically predominant i ... | 2015 | 26210812 |
| phylodynamic analysis of the canine distemper virus hemagglutinin gene. | canine distemper (cd) is one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases in dogs. despite the widespread use of vaccines, the prevalence of the cd virus (cdv) has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. in this phylodynamic study, we investigated the spatiotemporal modes of dispersal, viral demographic trends, and effectiveness of vaccines for cdv. a total of 188 full-length cdv hemagglutinin (h) gene sequences dataset were subjected to recombination analysis, including seven from mo ... | 2015 | 26205391 |
| clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from hungary to switzerland. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a major pathogen of dogs and wild carnivores worldwide. in switzerland, distemper in domestic dogs is rarely reported. in recent years, the import of dogs from eastern europe to switzerland has steadily increased. in the present study, we describe a distemper outbreak in 15 rescue dogs that were imported from hungary to switzerland by an animal welfare organisation. the data on vaccination and medical history were recorded (14 dogs), and the samples were collected ... | 2015 | 26179635 |
| canine dysautonomia in a litter of havanese puppies. | canine dysautonomia is a sporadic, generally fatal disease that rarely affects groups of related animals. four 10-week-old havanese puppies from a litter of 5 developed clinical signs of canine dysautonomia. the 4 affected dogs were exposed to an outdoor environment, whereas the fifth littermate was not exposed to the outdoors and remained clinically healthy. clinical signs of dysautonomia developed 10-16 days after going outside the house. an unrelated dog also developed dysautonomia after expo ... | 2015 | 26179098 |
| immunohistochemical detection of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (lc3) in the cerebellums of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus. | we investigated the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (lc3) protein in the cerebellums of dogs infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) using immunohistochemistry to detect autophagy. the cerebellums of 20 dogs infected with cdv were used. specimens showing demyelination of white matter were considered to have an acute infection, whereas specimens showing signs of severe perivascular cuffing and demyelination of white matter were classified as having chronic cdv. cer ... | 2015 | 26179070 |
| efficacy of recombinant canine distemper virus expressing leishmania antigen against leishmania challenge in dogs. | canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccination confers long-term protection against cdv reinfection. to investigate the utility of cdv as a polyvalent vaccine vector for leishmania, we generated recombinant cdvs, based on an avirulent yanaka strain, that expressed leishmania antigens: lack, tsa, or lmsti1 (rcdv-lack, rcdv-tsa, and rcdv-lmsti1, respectively). dogs immunized with rcdv-lack were protected against challenge with lethal doses of virulent cdv, in the same way as the parental yanaka strain. ... | 2015 | 26162094 |
| molecular phylogeography of canine distemper virus: geographic origin and global spreading. | canine distemper virus (cdv) (paramyxoviridae-morbillivirus) is a worldwide spread virus causing a fatal systemic disease in a broad range of carnivore hosts. in this study we performed bayesian inferences using 208 full-length hemagglutinin gene nucleotide sequences isolated in 16 countries during 37 years (1975-2011). the estimated time to the most recent common ancestor suggested that current cdv strains emerged in the united states in the 1880s. this ancestor diversified through time into tw ... | 2015 | 26151219 |
| phylogenetic features of hemagglutin gene in canine distemper virus strains from different genetic lineages. | in the present study, the genotype of two canine distemper virus (cdv) strains, namely, zjj-sd and zjj-ln, were investigated, based on the whole hemagglutinin (ha) gene. the cdv strains were obtained from two foxes in shandong province and liaoning province in 2011. phylogenetic analyses were carried out for 260 cdv strains worldwide, and a statistical analysis was performed in the amino acid substitutions at positions 530 and 549 of the ha protein. phylogenetic analyses revealed that the two st ... | 2015 | 26131292 |
| mortality of amur tigers: the more things change, the more they stay the same. | poaching as well as loss of habitat and prey are identified as causes of tiger population declines. although some studies have examined habitat requirements and prey availability, few studies have quantified cause-specific mortality of tigers. we used cumulative incidence functions (cifs) to quantify cause-specific mortality rates of tigers, expanding and refining earlier studies to assess the potential impact of a newly emerging disease. to quantify changes in tiger mortality over time, we re-e ... | 2015 | 26096683 |
| epidemiology of canine distemper and canine parvovirus in domestic dogs in urban and rural areas of the araucanía region in chile. | to assess whether the seroprevalence of canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) in domestic dogs is higher in urban versus rural areas of the araucanía region in chile and risk factors for exposure, a serosurvey and questionnaire survey at three, urban-rural paired sites was conducted from 2009 to 2012. overall, 1161 households were interviewed of which 71% were located in urban areas. a total of 501 blood samples were analysed. the overall cdv and cpv seroprevalences were 61% ( ... | 2015 | 26013417 |
| antibody study in canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein gene-immunized mice. | the gene for the nucleocapsid (n) protein of canine distemper virus was cloned into the pmd-18t vector, and positive recombinant plasmids were obtained by enzyme digestion and sequencing. after digestion by both ecori and kpni, the plasmid was directionally cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcdna; the positive clone pcdna-n was screened by electrophoresis and then transfected into cos-7 cells. immunofluorescence analysis results showed that the canine distemper virus n protein was exp ... | 2015 | 25966074 |
| sequential conformational changes in the morbillivirus attachment protein initiate the membrane fusion process. | despite large vaccination campaigns, measles virus (mev) and canine distemper virus (cdv) cause major morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, respectively. the mev and cdv cell entry system relies on two interacting envelope glycoproteins: the attachment protein (h), consisting of stalk and head domains, co-operates with the fusion protein (f) to mediate membrane fusion. however, how receptor-binding by the h-protein leads to f-triggering is not fully understood. here, we report that an a ... | 2015 | 25946112 |
| canine distemper virus as a threat to wild tigers in russia and across their range. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has recently been identified in populations of wild tigers in russia and india. tiger populations are generally too small to maintain cdv for long periods, but are at risk of infections arising from more abundant susceptible hosts that constitute a reservoir of infection. because cdv is an additive mortality factor, it could represent a significant threat to small, isolated tiger populations. in russia, cdv was associated with the deaths of tigers in 2004 and 2010, a ... | 2015 | 25939829 |
| comparative clinical sample preparation of dna and rna viral nucleic acids for a commercial deep sequencing system (illumina miseq(®)). | sequence-independent methods for viral discovery have been widely used for whole genome sequencing of viruses. different protocols for viral enrichment, library preparation and sequencing have increasingly been more available and at lower costs. however, no study to date has focused on optimization of viral sample preparation for commercial deep sequencing. accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate an in-house enzymatic protocol for double-stranded dna (dsdna) synthesis and also ... | 2015 | 25901649 |
| canine distemper in endangered ethiopian wolves. | the ethiopian wolf (canis simensis) is the world's rarest canid; ≈500 wolves remain. the largest population is found within the bale mountains national park (bmnp) in southeastern ethiopia, where conservation efforts have demonstrated the negative effect of rabies virus on wolf populations. we describe previously unreported infections with canine distemper virus (cdv) among these wolves during 2005-2006 and 2010. death rates ranged from 43% to 68% in affected subpopulations and were higher for s ... | 2015 | 25898177 |
| cloning, expression and antiviral activity of mink alpha-interferons. | as a key link between innate and adaptive immune responses, the interferon (ifn) system is the first line of defense against viral infection. ifn, and in particular, ifn-α, has been used clinically as an effective therapeutic agent for viral infections. however, different subtypes of ifn-α demonstrate distinct antiviral activity. therefore, it is important to identify ifn-α subtypes with high antiviral activity for the development of genetically engineered antiviral drugs. | 2015 | 25889984 |
| canine distemper virus neutralization activity is low in human serum and it is sensitive to an amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin protein. | serum was analyzed from 146 healthy adult volunteers in eastern africa to evaluate measles virus (mv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) neutralizing antibody (nab) prevalence and potency. mv plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) results indicated that all sera were positive for mv nabs. furthermore, the 50% neutralizing dose (nd50) for the majority of sera corresponded to antibody titers induced by mv vaccination. cdv nabs titers were low and generally were detected in sera with high mv nab ... | 2015 | 25880113 |
| recombinant newcastle disease viral vector expressing hemagglutinin or fusion of canine distemper virus is safe and immunogenic in minks. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects many carnivores and cause several high-mortality disease outbreaks. the current cdv live vaccine cannot be safely used in some exotic species, such as mink and ferret. here, we generated recombinant lentogenic newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota expressing either envelope glycoproyein, heamagglutinine (h) or fusion protein (f), named as rla-cdvh and rla-cdvf, respectively. the feasibility of these recombinant ndvs to serve as live virus-vectored cd vaccine w ... | 2015 | 25865465 |
| a histopathology study of caspian seal (pusa caspica) (phocidae, mammalia) liver infected with trematode, pseudamphistomum truncatum (rudolphi, 1819) (opisthorchidae, trematoda). | main objective of this study was to investigate the invasive activity of the liver fluke, pseudamphistomom truncatum against the caspian seal (pusa caspica) and was exemplified at the gross, light microscopy (lm) and electron microscopy (em) levels. | 2017 | 25848395 |
| slam- and nectin-4-independent noncytolytic spread of canine distemper virus in astrocytes. | measles and canine distemper viruses (mev and cdv, respectively) first replicate in lymphatic and epithelial tissues by using slam and nectin-4 as entry receptors, respectively. the viruses may also invade the brain to establish persistent infections, triggering fatal complications, such as subacute sclerosis pan-encephalitis (sspe) in mev infection or chronic, multiple sclerosis-like, multifocal demyelinating lesions in the case of cdv infection. in both diseases, persistence is mediated by vir ... | 2015 | 25787275 |
| a recombinant canine distemper virus expressing a modified rabies virus glycoprotein induces immune responses in mice. | canine distemper virus (cdv) and rabies virus (rv) are two important pathogens of the dog. cdv, a member of the morbillivirus genus, has shown promise as an expression vector. the glycoprotein from rv is a main contributor to protective immunity and capable of eliciting the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. in this study, we recovered an attenuated strain of canine distemper virus and constructed a recombinant virus, rcdv-rv-g, expressing a modified (r333q) rabies virus glycoprotein ( ... | 2015 | 25764477 |
| use of quantitative real-time rt-pcr to investigate the correlation between viremia and viral shedding of canine distemper virus, and infection outcomes in experimentally infected dogs. | we used real-time rt-pcr and virus titration to examine canine distemper virus (cdv) kinetics in peripheral blood and rectal and nasal secretions from 12 experimentally infected dogs. real-time rt-pcr proved extremely sensitive, and the correlation between the two methods for rectal and nasal (r=0.78, 0.80) samples on the peak day of viral rna was good. although the dogs showed diverse symptoms, viral rna kinetics were similar; the peak of viral rna in the symptomatic dogs was consistent with th ... | 2015 | 25728411 |
| pathology in practice. canine distemper virus disease in a dog. | | 2015 | 25719842 |
| serological detection of infection with canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus in communal dogs from zimbabwe. | domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-saharan africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as african wild dogs and african lions, respectively. the impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessmen ... | 2014 | 25686382 |
| the anti-canine distemper virus activities of ex vivo-expanded canine natural killer cells. | natural killer (nk) cells play critical roles in induction of antiviral effects against various viruses of humans and animals. however, few data on nk cell activities during canine distemper virus (cdv) infections are available. recently, we established a culture system allowing activation and expansion of canine non-b, non-t, large granular nk lymphocytes from pbmcs of normal dogs. in the present study, we explored the ability of such expanded nk cells to inhibit cdv infection in vitro. culture ... | 2015 | 25680810 |
| in vitro anti-canine distemper virus activity of fucoidan extracted from the brown alga cladosiphon okamuranus. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a morbillivirus related to measles virus that infects dogs and other carnivores. cdv has a significant global impact on animal health; however, there is no current antiviral treatment for cdv infection. in recent years, it has been demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides exhibit antiviral properties both in vivo and in vitro, despite their low cytotoxicity to host cells. fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell wall matrix of brown algae. in this ... | 2014 | 25674625 |
| development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against canine distemper virus hemagglutinin protein. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a serious multisystemic disease in dogs and other carnivora. hemagglutinin (h) protein-specific antibodies are mainly responsible for protective immunity against cdv infection. in the present study, six neutralizing mabs to the h protein of cdv were newly obtained and characterized by immunizing balb/c mice with a recent chinese field isolate. competitive binding inhibition assay revealed that they recognized four distinct antigenic regions of the h protein. i ... | 2015 | 25644427 |
| canine distemper virus threatens wild tigers. | | 2014 | 25638955 |
| canine distemper virus dna vaccination of mink can overcome interference by maternal antibodies. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is highly contagious and can cause severe disease against which conventional live vaccines are ineffective in the presence of maternal antibodies. vaccination in the presences of maternal antibodies was challenged by vaccination of 5 days old and 3 weeks old mink kits with cdv dna vaccines. virus neutralising (vn) antibody responses were induced in mink kits vaccinated with a plasmid encoding the haemaglutinin protein (h) of cdv (n=5, pcdv-h) or a combination of the ... | 2015 | 25637861 |
| dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic-wildlife interface: canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions. | morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e.g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (cdv), are a growing concern. a propensity for host-switching has resulted in cdv emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. cdv is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and ... | 2015 | 25605919 |
| virological and serological findings in dogs with naturally occurring distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is the cause of a severe and highly contagious disease in dogs. the unpredictable and variable course of cdv-related disease may hamper correct diagnosis of infection and makes it crucial the collection of samples suitable for laboratory confirmation. in the present study we were able to follow the disease in two dogs infected naturally, collecting different biological matrices during the entire period of infection. by real time rt-pcr, viral rna was detected and qua ... | 2015 | 25512131 |
| development of a duplex real-time rt-qpcr assay to monitor genome replication, gene expression and gene insert stability during in vivo replication of a prototype live attenuated canine distemper virus vector encoding siv gag. | advancement of new vaccines based on live viral vectors requires sensitive assays to analyze in vivo replication, gene expression and genetic stability. in this study, attenuated canine distemper virus (cdv) was used as a vaccine delivery vector and duplex 2-step quantitative real-time rt-pcr (rt-qpcr) assays specific for genomic rna (grna) or mrna have been developed that concurrently quantify coding sequences for the cdv nucleocapsid protein (n) and a foreign vaccine antigen (siv gag). these a ... | 2015 | 25486083 |
| characterization of two recent japanese field isolates of canine distemper virus and examination of the avirulent strain utility as an attenuated vaccine. | recently, several new strains of canine distemper virus (cdv) have been isolated in japan. to investigate their pathogenesis in dogs, the yanaka and bunkyo-k strains were investigated by infecting dogs and determining clinical signs, amount of virus, and antibody responses. the yanaka strain is avirulent and induced an antibody response. the bunkyo-k strain induced typical cdv clinical signs in infected dogs and virulence was enhanced by brain passage. molecular and phylogenetic analyses of h ge ... | 2014 | 25465179 |
| recombinant rabies virus expressing the h protein of canine distemper virus protects dogs from the lethal distemper challenge. | the rabies virus (rv) vector lbnse expressing foreign antigens have shown considerable promise as vaccines against viral and bacteria diseases, which is effective and safe. we produced a new rv-based vaccine vehicle expressing 1.824 kb hemagglutinin (h) gene of the canine distemper virus (cdv) by reverse genetics technology. the recombinant virus lbnse-cdv-h retained growth properties similar to those of vector lbnse both in bsr and mna cell culture. the h gene of cdv was expressed and detected ... | 2014 | 25465178 |
| major histocompatibility complex, demographic, and environmental predictors of antibody presence in a free-ranging mammal. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) variability plays a key role in pathogen resistance, but its relative importance compared to environmental and demographic factors that also influence resistance is unknown. we analyzed the mhc ii drb exon 2 for 165 raccoons (procyon lotor) in missouri (usa). for each animal we also determined the presence of immunoglobulin g (igg) and immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to two highly virulent pathogens, canine distemper virus (cdv) and parvovirus. we investi ... | 2014 | 25446941 |
| phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in domestic dogs in nanjing, china. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects a broad range of carnivores, including wild and domestic canidae. the hemagglutinin gene, which encodes the attachment protein that determines viral tropism, has been widely used to determine the relationship between cdv strains of different lineages circulating worldwide. we determined the full-length h gene sequences of seven cdv field strains detected in domestic dogs in nanjing, china. a phylogenetic analysis of the h gene sequences of cdv strains from di ... | 2015 | 25416856 |
| necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a large mixed-breed dog. | a 4-year-old 26-kg (57.2-lb) spayed female staffordshire bull terrier mix was evaluated because of a 24-hour history of cluster seizures. | 2014 | 25406708 |
| adjuvant effects of recombinant giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) il-18 on the canine distemper disease vaccine in mice. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a morbillivirus known to cause morbidity and mortality in a broad range of animals. giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), especially captive ones, are susceptible to natural infection with cdv. interleukin-18 (il-18) is a powerful adjuvant molecule that can enhance the development of antigen-specific immunity and vaccine efficacy. in this study, a giant panda il-18 gene eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcamil-18) was constructed. female balb/c mice were muscularly ... | 2015 | 25399820 |
| serologic evidence for selected infectious diseases in marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in italy (2004-09). | we tested 30 serum samples collected during 2004-09 from 22 free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the national park of abruzzo, lazio, and molise, italy, for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), brucella spp., and eight leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars. antibody to cdv was detected in 11 samples (37%); only two bears (10%) had detectable cav-2 and brucella spp. antibodies; three bea ... | 2015 | 25375945 |
| in-vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin and interferon-alpha against canine distemper virus. | canine distemper is a highly contagious disease with high incidence and lethality in the canine population. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral action with ribavirin (rbv), interferon-alpha (ifnα), and combinations of rbv and ifnα against canine distemper virus (cdv). vero cells inoculated with cdv were treated with rbv, ifnα, and combinations of these drugs. the efficacy to inhibit viral replication was evaluated by adding the compounds at different times to de ... | 2014 | 25355997 |
| canine distemper virus envelope protein interactions modulated by hydrophobic residues in the fusion protein globular head. | membrane fusion for morbillivirus cell entry relies on critical interactions between the viral fusion (f) and attachment (h) envelope glycoproteins. through extensive mutagenesis of an f cavity recently proposed to contribute to f's interaction with the h protein, we identified two neighboring hydrophobic residues responsible for severe f-to-h binding and fusion-triggering deficiencies when they were mutated in combination. since both residues reside on one side of the f cavity, the data suggest ... | 2015 | 25355896 |
| estimating the potential impact of canine distemper virus on the amur tiger population (panthera tigris altaica) in russia. | lethal infections with canine distemper virus (cdv) have recently been diagnosed in amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica), but long-term implications for the population are unknown. this study evaluates the potential impact of cdv on a key tiger population in sikhote-alin biosphere zapovednik (sabz), and assesses how cdv might influence the extinction potential of other tiger populations of varying sizes. an individual-based stochastic, sird (susceptible-infected-recovered/dead) model was used t ... | 2014 | 25354196 |
| first genome sequence of a canine distemper virus strain from south america. | canine distemper virus causes a severe infectious disease in carnivores worldwide. herein, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of a new strain (uy251/2012) isolated from a dog in uruguay. the uy251/2012 strain belongs to the europe1/south america1 lineage, and constitutes the first report of a genomic sequence in south america. | 2014 | 25342674 |
| duration of immunity in red wolves (canis rufus) following vaccination with a modified live parvovirus and canine distemper vaccine. | there is growing information available regarding duration of immunity for core vaccines in both domestic and nondomestic species. vaccination protocols in nondomestic canids have frequently followed guidelines developed for the domestic dog; however, these protocols can be inappropriate for nondomestic canids such as the african wild dog (lycaon pictus), leaving some animals susceptible to infectious disease and others at risk for contracting vaccine-induced disease. in this study, red wolves (c ... | 2014 | 25314821 |
| efficacy of two canine distemper vaccines in wild nearctic river otters (lontra canadensis). | canine distemper virus (cdv), a contagious morbillivirus, infects families in the order carnivora, including nearctic river otters (lontra canadensis). as a preventative measure, vaccinations against cdv are frequently given to mustelids in captive environments. the pennsylvania river otter reintroduction project (prorp) used wild-caught river otters to evaluate the efficacy and need for vaccinations against cdv as part of any reintroduction project. the objectives of this study were to: 1) eval ... | 2014 | 25314818 |
| occurrence of different canine distemper virus lineages in italian dogs. | this study describes the sequence analysis of the h gene of 7 canine distemper virus (cdv) strains identified in dogs in italy between years 2002-2012. the phylogenetic analysis showed that the cdv strains belonged to 2 clusters: 6 viruses were identified as arctic-like lineage and 1 as europe 1 lineage. these data show a considerable prevalence of arctic-like-cdvs in the analysed dogs. the dogs and the 3 viruses more recently identified showed 4 distinctive amino acid mutations compared to all ... | 2014 | 25273966 |
| surveillance for zoonotic and selected pathogens in harbor seals phoca vitulina from central california. | the infection status of harbor seals phoca vitulina in central california, usa, was evaluated through broad surveillance for pathogens in stranded and wild-caught animals from 2001 to 2008, with most samples collected in 2007 and 2008. stranded animals from mendocino county to san luis obispo county were sampled at a rehabilitation facility: the marine mammal center (tmmc, n = 175); wild-caught animals were sampled at 2 locations: san francisco bay (sf, n = 78) and tomales bay (tb, n = 97), that ... | 2014 | 25266897 |
| canine distemper outbreak in raccoons suggests pathogen interspecies transmission amongst alien and native carnivores in urban areas from germany. | from december 2012 to may 2013, an outbreak occurred among urban wild carnivores from berlin. we collected 97 free-ranging raccoons from the city area. pcr assays, histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in 74 raccoons. phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene fragments (1767 nucleotides) of cdv isolated from four raccoons showed close relation to cdv isolates from foxes from germany and a domestic dog from hungary; all belonging to the "europ ... | 2014 | 25258173 |
| pathologic and molecular virologic characterization of a canine distemper outbreak in farmed civets. | in october 2011, a fatal disease outbreak occurred in 3 civet species farmed for their use in the coffee industry in thailand. the disease quickly killed 20 animals in a mixed population of asian palm civets (paradoxurus hermaphroditus; n = 18), a masked palm civet (paguma larvata; n = 1), and small indian civet (viverricula indica; n = 1). clinical signs consisted of severe lethargy, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea with associated dehydration, dyspnea, nasal and footpad hyperkeratosis, and sei ... | 2015 | 25253065 |
| use of hydrophilic extra-viral domain of canine distemper virus h protein for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay development. | simple methods for measuring the levels of serum antibody against canine distemper virus (cdv) would assist in the effective vaccination of dogs. to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) specific for cdv, we expressed hydrophilic extra-viral domain (hevd) protein of the a75/17-cdv h gene in a pet 28a plasmid-based escherichia (e.) coli vector system. expression was confirmed by dot and western blotting. we proposed that detection of e. coli-expressed h protein might be conformatio ... | 2014 | 25234325 |
| preparation of monoclonal antibody of anti-feline calicivirus and establishment of double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting method. | this study aimed to prepare monoclonal antibody of feline calicivirus (fcv) and identify its basic biological characteristics. saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation, combined differential centrifugation, and cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation were used for the purification of fcv. the purified fcv was used as antigen to immunize balb/c mice. the hybridoma lines of anti-fcv monoclonal antibodies were established using cell fusion and hybridoma screening techniques. the subtypes of ... | 2014 | 25222237 |
| variable transcription of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in phocine lymphocytes following canine distemper virus infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious viral pathogen. domesticated dogs are the main reservoir of cdv. although phocine distemper virus was responsible for the recent epidemics in seals in the north and baltic seas, most devastating epidemics in seals were also caused by cdv. to further study the pathogenesis of cdv infection in seals, it was the aim of the present study to investigate the mechanisms of cdv induced immunosuppression in seals by analyzing the gene transcription of d ... | 2014 | 25190509 |
| epidemiology of viral pathogens of free-ranging dogs and indian foxes in a human-dominated landscape in central india. | there is an increasing concern that free-ranging domestic dog (canis familiaris) populations may serve as reservoirs of pathogens which may be transmitted to wildlife. we documented the prevalence of antibodies to three viral pathogens, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus (cav), in free-ranging dog and sympatric indian fox (vulpes bengalensis) populations in and around the great indian bustard wildlife sanctuary, in maharashtra, central india. a total of 2 ... | 2014 | 25135467 |
| serologic survey for cross-species pathogens in urban coyotes (canis latrans), colorado, usa. | abstract as coyotes (canis latrans) adapt to living in urban environments, the opportunity for cross-species transmission of pathogens may increase. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to pathogens that are either zoonotic or affect multiple animal species in urban coyotes in the denver metropolitan area, colorado, usa, in 2012. we assayed for antibodies to canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus, rabies virus, toxoplasma gondii, yersinia pestis, and serotypes of leptospira interrog ... | 2014 | 25121408 |
| post-vaccinal distemper encephalitis in two border collie cross littermates. | one 4.5-month-old male border collie cross presented with aggression and seizures in october 2006. a 16-month-old, female, spayed border collie cross presented with hypersalivation and a dropped jaw and rapidly became stuporous in september 2007. the dogs were littermates and developed acute neurological signs 5 and 27 days, respectively, after vaccination with different modified live vaccines containing canine distemper virus. | 2015 | 25120026 |
| parasitology, virology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from central georgia, usa. | we examined 31 free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from central georgia, usa, for select parasites and viral agents. sixteen coyotes had adult heartworms (dirofilaria immitis). serum samples from 27 animals revealed antibodies against canine parvovirus (100%), canine distemper virus (48%), canine adenovirus (37%), and trypanosoma cruzi (7%); none were detected against leishmania spp. twenty-two of 24 (92%) coyotes were positive for toxoplasma gondii. real-time pcr of feces revealed 32% of coyot ... | 2014 | 25098300 |
| new aspects of the pathogenesis of canine distemper leukoencephalitis. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a member of the genus morbillivirus, which is known to cause a variety of disorders in dogs including demyelinating leukoencephalitis (cdv-dl). in recent years, substantial progress in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of cdv-dl has been made. in vivo and in vitro investigations provided new insights into its pathogenesis with special emphasis on axon-myelin-glia interaction, potential endogenous mechanisms of regeneration, and astroglial plasticity. cdv-d ... | 2014 | 24992230 |
| the role of canine distemper virus and persistent organic pollutants in mortality patterns of caspian seals (pusa caspica). | persistent organic pollutants are a concern for species occupying high trophic levels since they can cause immunosuppression and impair reproduction. mass mortalities due to canine distemper virus (cdv) occurred in caspian seals (pusa caspica), in spring of 1997, 2000 and 2001, but the potential role of organochlorine exposure in these epizootics remains undetermined. here we integrate caspian seal mortality data spanning 1971-2008, with data on age, body condition, pathology and blubber organoc ... | 2014 | 24987857 |
| phylogenetic evidence of a new canine distemper virus lineage among domestic dogs in colombia, south america. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious viral disease of carnivores affecting both wild and domestic populations. the hemagglutinin gene, encoding for the attachment protein that determines viral tropism, shows high heterogeneity among strains, allowing for the distinction of ten different lineages distributed worldwide according to a geographic pattern. we obtained the sequences of the full-length h gene of 15 wild-type cdv strains circulating in domestic dog populations from the ab ... | 2014 | 24950886 |
| viral oncolysis - can insights from measles be transferred to canine distemper virus? | neoplastic diseases represent one of the most common causes of death among humans and animals. currently available and applied therapeutic options often remain insufficient and unsatisfactory, therefore new and innovative strategies and approaches are highly needed. periodically, oncolytic viruses have been in the center of interest since the first anecdotal description of their potential usefulness as an anti-tumor treatment concept. though first reports referred to an incidental measles virus ... | 2014 | 24921409 |
| canine kobuvirus infections in korean dogs. | to investigate canine kobuvirus (cakov) infection, fecal samples (n = 59) were collected from dogs with or without diarrhea (n = 21 and 38, respectively) in the republic of korea (rok) in 2012. cakov infection was detected in four diarrheic samples (19.0 %) and five non-diarrheic samples (13.2 %). all cakov-positive dogs with diarrhea were found to be infected in mixed infections with canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus or canine adenovirus. there was no significant difference in the pr ... | 2014 | 24906525 |
| construction of an expression system for bioactive il-18 and generation of recombinant canine distemper virus expressing il-18. | interleukin 18 (il-18) plays an important role in the t-helper-cell type 1 immune response against intracellular parasites, bacteria and viral infections. it has been widely used as an adjuvant for vaccines and as an anticancer agent. however, il-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. in this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cdna encoding mature canine il-18 (cil-18) or mouse il-18 (mil-18) fused to th ... | 2014 | 24898077 |
| the tumor-associated marker, pvrl4 (nectin-4), is the epithelial receptor for morbilliviruses. | pvrl4 (nectin-4) was recently identified as the epithelial receptor for members of the morbillivirus genus, including measles virus, canine distemper virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. here, we describe the role of pvrl4 in morbillivirus pathogenesis and its promising use in cancer therapies. this discovery establishes a new paradigm for the spread of virus from lymphocytes to airway epithelial cells and its subsequent release into the environment. measles virus vaccine strains have eme ... | 2014 | 24892636 |
| transcriptional profiling predicts overwhelming homology of schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and schwann cell-like glia. | schwann cells (scs), olfactory ensheathing cells (oecs), and central nervous system schwann cell-like glia (sg) represent a group of nerve growth factor receptor p75 (ngfr)-positive cells, originating from different tissues. because of their pro-regenerative capacities, these cells are subjects in experimental transplantation-based therapies of spinal cord trauma. the objective of this study was to compare the transcriptomes of uninfected and canine distemper virus-infected oecs, scs, sg and fib ... | 2014 | 24889922 |
| diagnoses of canine distemper virus in puppies. | | 2014 | 24812182 |
| identification of amino acid substitutions with compensational effects in the attachment protein of canine distemper virus. | the hemagglutinin (h) gene of canine distemper virus (cdv) encodes the receptor-binding protein. this protein, together with the fusion (f) protein, is pivotal for infectivity since it contributes to the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. of the two receptors currently known for cdv (nectin-4 and the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule [slam]), slam is considered the most relevant for host susceptibility. to investigate how evolution might have impacted the host-cdv i ... | 2014 | 24807725 |
| recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus and variation in its receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule, in carnivores. | the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) is a receptor for morbilliviruses. to understand the recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus (cdv) in carnivores, we determined the nucleotide sequences of slams of various carnivores and generated three-dimensional homology slam models. thirty-four amino acid residues were found for the candidates binding to cdv on the interface of the carnivore slams. slam of the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) were similar to those of oth ... | 2014 | 24807184 |
| transcriptional changes in canine distemper virus-induced demyelinating leukoencephalitis favor a biphasic mode of demyelination. | canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced demyelinating leukoencephalitis in dogs (canis familiaris) is suggested to represent a naturally occurring translational model for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis in humans. the aim of this study was a hypothesis-free microarray analysis of the transcriptional changes within cerebellar specimens of five cases of acute, six cases of subacute demyelinating, and three cases of chronic demyelinating and inflammatory cdv leukoencephaliti ... | 2014 | 24755553 |
| an orally available, small-molecule polymerase inhibitor shows efficacy against a lethal morbillivirus infection in a large animal model. | measles virus is a highly infectious morbillivirus responsible for major morbidity and mortality in unvaccinated humans. the related, zoonotic canine distemper virus (cdv) induces morbillivirus disease in ferrets with 100% lethality. we report an orally available, shelf-stable pan-morbillivirus inhibitor that targets the viral rna polymerase. prophylactic oral treatment of ferrets infected intranasally with a lethal cdv dose reduced viremia and prolonged survival. ferrets infected with the same ... | 2014 | 24739760 |