| canine distemper virus persistence in demyelinating encephalitis by swift intracellular cell-to-cell spread in astrocytes is controlled by the viral attachment protein. | the mechanism of viral persistence, the driving force behind the chronic progression of inflammatory demyelination in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection, is associated with non-cytolytic viral cell-to-cell spread. here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of viral spread of a recombinant fluorescent protein-expressing virulent cdv in primary canine astrocyte cultures. time-lapse video microscopy documented that cdv spread was very efficient using cell processes contacting remote target cells ... | 2010 | 20119836 |
| molecular analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of canine distemper virus isolated from clinical cases of the disease in foxes, minks and dogs. | in this study, we used rt-pcr to detect and characterize canine distemper virus isolated from 9 naturally infected foxes, 3 minks and 3 dogs in poland by amplifying and sequencing a portion of the np gene. a 293-bp fragment of the cdv np gene was amplified by rt-pcr. sequencing of the pcr products from the isolates led to the identification of 3 sequence variants. the mostly representative polymorphic variant no. 1 showed high homology with chinese isolate of cdv with a accession number ef 37561 ... | 2009 | 20169915 |
| caspase-3/-8/-9, bax and bcl-2 expression in the cerebellum, lymph nodes and leukocytes of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus. | canine distemper is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the canine distemper virus (cdv). pathogenesis mainly involves the central nervous system and immunosuppression. dogs naturally infected with cdv develop apoptotic cells in lymphoid tissues and the cerebellum, but this apoptotic mechanism is not well characterized. to better understand this process, we evaluated the expression of bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3, -8 and -9, by evaluating mrna levels in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes and cere ... | 2010 | 20198571 |
| conventional and molecular diagnostic testing for the acute neurologic patient. | the aim of this review is to describe and evaluate both conventional and molecular diagnostic testing utilized in dogs and cats with acute neurologic diseases. various types of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) are explored along with novel molecular diagnostic testing that ultimately may prove useful in the critical care setting. | 2010 | 20230434 |
| canine distemper virus: the emergence of new variants. | | 2011 | 20233663 |
| canine distemper virus infection in fennec fox (vulpes zerda). | fifteen 8-month-old fennec foxes imported from sudan showed fever, mucopurulent ocular discharge, diarrhea, severe emaciation, seizures, and generalized ataxia, and died. three of the 15 animals were presented for diagnostic investigation. severe dehydration, brain congestion, and gastric ulcers were observed in all animals. in one animal, the lungs had failed to collapse and were multifocally dark red in appearance. histopathologically, there were lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis with mala ... | 2010 | 20299771 |
| viral protein expression and phenotyping of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system of phocine distemper virus-infected harbor seals (phoca vitulina). | the central nervous system (cns) represents an important target organ of the phocine distemper virus (pdv). the aim of the present study was to characterize pathological changes in the cns of harbor seals suffering from natural pdv-infection. the distribution of virus protein and mrna was investigated by immunohistochemistry (ihc) and in situ hybridization, respectively. in addition, inflammatory and glial cells were characterized by ihc. polioencephalitis with glial activation, neuronal death a ... | 2010 | 20303682 |
| systemic sarcocystosis in a striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). | a striped skunk with neurological signs was euthanized and examined via necropsy. histologically, protozoa were found in multiple tissues. protozoal schizonts measured 15 to 25 mum in diameter and contained 4 to 6 mum crescent-shaped merozoites. protozoa were associated with necrosis and inflammation in the lung, brain, liver, and nasal epithelium. immunohistochemistry labeled protozoa strongly positive for sarcocystis neurona. polymerase chain reaction-amplified products from the protozoan were ... | 2010 | 20375428 |
| two domains of the v protein of virulent canine distemper virus selectively inhibit stat1 and stat2 nuclear import. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes in dogs a severe systemic infection, with a high frequency of demyelinating encephalitis. among the six genes transcribed by cdv, the p gene encodes the polymerase cofactor protein (p) as well as two additional nonstructural proteins, c and v; of these v was shown to act as a virulence factor. we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the p gene products of the neurovirulent cdv a75/17 strain disrupt type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-induced signaling ... | 2010 | 20427537 |
| a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus. | a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method was developed for the detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (cdv). a pair of primers (p1 and p4) specific for cdv corresponding to the highly conserved region of the cdv genome were used as a common primer pair in the first-round pcr of the nested pcr. primers p2 specific for cdv wild-type strains, were used as the forward primer together with the common reverse ... | 2010 | 20433759 |
| immunodeficiencies caused by infectious diseases. | immunodeficiencies caused by infectious agents may result from disruption of normal host barriers or dysregulation of cellular immunity, the latter serving to promote survival of the infectious agent through immune evasion. such infections may be followed by opportunistic infections with a variety of other microorganisms. classic infectious causes of immunodeficiency in companion animals are the immunodeficiency retroviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. oth ... | 2010 | 20471525 |
| comparative whole genome sequence analysis of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant monkeypoxvirus. | we performed whole genome sequencing of a cidofovir {[(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-propyl) cytosine] [hpmpc]}-resistant (cdv-r) strain of monkeypoxvirus (mpv). whole-genome comparison with the wild-type (wt) strain revealed 55 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and one tandem-repeat contraction. over one-third of all identified snps were located within genes comprising the poxvirus replication complex, including the dna polymerase, rna polymerase, mrna capping methyltransferase, dna ... | 2010 | 20509894 |
| multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (arms-pcr) for diagnosis of natural infection with canine distemper virus. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is present worldwide and produces a lethal systemic infection of wild and domestic canidae. pre-existing antibodies acquired from vaccination or previous cdv infection might interfere the interpretation of a serologic diagnosis method. in addition, due to the high similarity of nucleic acid sequences between wild-type cdv and the new vaccine strain, current pcr derived methods cannot be applied for the definite confirmation of cd infection. hence, it is worthy of dev ... | 2010 | 20534175 |
| prevalence of protective antibody titers for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in dogs entering a florida animal shelter. | to determine the proportion of dogs entering an animal shelter with protective antibody titers (pats) for canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) and identify factors associated with having a pat. | 2010 | 20550446 |
| importance of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in free-ranging iberian lynxes (lynx pardinus). | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a morbillivirus that is the etiological agent of one of the most important viral diseases affecting canids and an expanding range of other carnivores. using real-time rt-pcr, cdv rna was detected in organs of an iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) found dead in the doñana national park, southwestern andalusia, spain. this finding may be of great importance for the conservation of the species; at present the iberian lynx is the most critically endangered wild felid. the a ... | 2010 | 20570061 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles virus, canine distemper virus, human herpesvirus, human adenovirus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus. | we evaluated the antiviral activity of a chlorine dioxide gas solution (cd) and sodium hypochlorite (sh) against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles virus, canine distemper virus, human herpesvirus, human adenovirus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus. cd at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppm produced potent antiviral activity, inactivating >or= 99.9% of the viruses with a 15 sec treatment for sensitization. the antiviral activity of cd was approximately 10 times higher ... | 2010 | 20616431 |
| viral infectivity and intracellular distribution of matrix (m) protein of canine distemper virus are affected by actin filaments. | to investigate the role of cytoskeletal components in canine distemper virus (cdv) replication, various agents were used that interfere with turnover of actin filaments and microtubules. only inhibition of actin filaments significantly reduced viral infectivity. analysis of the intracellular localization of the viral matrix (m) protein revealed that it aligned along actin filaments. treatment with actin filament-disrupting drugs led to a marked intracellular redistribution of m protein during in ... | 2010 | 20625777 |
| identification of key residues in virulent canine distemper virus hemagglutinin that control cd150/slam-binding activity. | morbillivirus cell entry is controlled by hemagglutinin (h), an envelope-anchored viral glycoprotein determining interaction with multiple host cell surface receptors. subsequent to virus-receptor attachment, h is thought to transduce a signal triggering the viral fusion glycoprotein, which in turn drives virus-cell fusion activity. cell entry through the universal morbillivirus receptor cd150/slam was reported to depend on two nearby microdomains located within the hemagglutinin. here, we provi ... | 2010 | 20631152 |
| diagnostic exercise. cerebral mass in a puppy with respiratory distress and progressive neurologic signs. | a 5-month-old mongrel puppy with a history of respiratory disease presented with progressive neurologic dysfunction. hematologic results included leukocytosis (neutrophilia with a left shift) and lymphopenia. a mass in the right forebrain, identified by magnetic resonance imaging, was biopsied during decompressive craniectomy. the histologic diagnosis was granulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional amoebae. the dog died within 24 hours of surgery. at necropsy, a well-demarcated granulom ... | 2010 | 20634413 |
| genetic variability and viral seroconversion in an outcrossing vertebrate population. | inverse correlations between genetic variability and parasitism are important concerns for conservation biologists. we examined correlations between neutral genetic variability and the presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv) and feline parvovirus (fpv) in a free-ranging population of raccoons. over 3 years there was a strong relationship between age and seroprevalence rates. most young animals were seronegative to cdv and fpv, but the oldest age class was greater than 80 per cent ... | 2011 | 20667873 |
| fatal canine distemper infection in a pack of african wild dogs in the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania. | in 2007, disease related mortality occurred in one african wild dog (lycaon pictus) pack close to the north-eastern boundary of the serengeti national park, tanzania. histopathological examination of tissues from six animals revealed that the main pathologic changes comprised interstitial pneumonia and suppurative to necrotizing bronchopneumonia. respiratory epithelial cells contained numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and multiple syncytial cells were found throughout the p ... | 2010 | 20684868 |
| n-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide, an effective inhibitor of morbillivirus-induced membrane fusion with low cytotoxicity. | based on the structural similarity of viral fusion proteins within the family paramyxoviridae, we tested recently described and newly synthesized acetanilide derivatives for their capacity to inhibit measles virus (mv)-, canine distemper virus (cdv)- and nipah virus (niv)-induced membrane fusion. we found that n-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide (compound 1) has a high capacity to inhibit mv- and cdv-induced (ic(50) μm), but not niv-induced, membrane fusion. this compound is of outstanding inter ... | 2010 | 20685931 |
| pathogen dynamics and morbidity of striped skunks in the absence of rabies. | parasites have the potential to influence the population dynamics of mammalian hosts, either as a single devastating pathogen or as a community effect. striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) are typically host to rabies, which often regulates population numbers. we assessed micro- and macroparasite dynamics in striped skunk populations in the absence of rabies, to determine if a single pathogen, or community, was responsible for a majority of skunk deaths. we monitored mortality due to pathogens, an ... | 2010 | 20688627 |
| serosurvey for canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, and toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging canids in scandinavia and svalbard. | prevalence of antibodies reactive to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1), leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae, and toxoplasma gondii were examined in free-ranging scandinavian canids. sampling included 275 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from mainland norway, 60 arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) from the high-arctic islands of svalbard, and 98 wolves (canis lupus) from the joint swedish-norwegian population. methods used included virus neutralization ... | 2010 | 20688639 |
| aromatase expression in the cerebellum of the dog infected with canine distemper virus. | aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogens. it is implicated in neuroprotection.the present study investigated aromatase expression in the cerebellum of dogs infected with canine distemper virus (cdv), a disease characterized by demyelination in the white matter of the cerebellum. the presence of cdv infection was confirmed on the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemical localization of cdv antigen in glial cells of the white matter.the number of aromatase immuno ... | 2010 | 20690542 |
| validation of an elisa method for the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis due to brucella canis. | in the present study, the validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis is described. two different antigenic extracts, obtained by heat or ultrasonic homogenization of microbial antigens from a wild isolate of brucella canis bacteria, were compared by elisa and western blot (wb). a total of 145 canine sera were used to define sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the elisa as follows: (1) sera from 34 animals with natural b. canis infectio ... | 2011 | 20692004 |
| cidofovir does not prevent caprine herpesvirus type-1 neural latency in goats. | cidofovir (cdv) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that exhibits a potent antiviral activity against several dna viruses. in previous studies, cdv has been shown to significantly reduce the clinical severity and the viral shedding in primary caprine herpesvirus type-1 (cphv-1) infection in goats. cphv-1 is an alpha-herpesvirus showing many biological similarities with human herpesvirus type-2 (hhv-2); therefore, studies conducted on the cphv-1 goat model could provide useful information on the ... | 2010 | 20710060 |
| investigation of a unique short open reading frame within the 3' untranslated region of the canine distemper virus matrix messenger rna. | increasing evidence suggest that the long "untranslated" region (utr) between the matrix (m) and the fusion (f) proteins of morbilliviruses has a functional role. in canine distemper virus (cdv), the f 5' utr was recently shown to code for a long f signal peptide (fsp). subsequently, it was reported that the m/f utrs combined with the long fsp were synergistically regulating the f mrna and protein expression, thereby modulating virulence. unique to cdv, a short putative open reading frame (orf) ... | 2010 | 20797417 |
| rapid detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) is the causative agent of peste des petits ruminants (ppr), an economically important viral disease of small ruminants. in this report, a one-step, single-tube, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for the detection of pprv. a set of six lamp primers were designed based on the matrix gene sequence of pprv to amplify the target rna by incubation at 63°c for 60min with bst dna polymerase and reverse trans ... | 2010 | 20813134 |
| hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (cmx001) suppresses jc virus replication in human fetal brain svg cell cultures. | jc virus (jcv) is a polyomavirus that infects human oligodendrocytes, leading to development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), an often fatal demyelinating disease occurring in immunocompromised individuals. currently there are no effective therapies for the treatment of pml that result in clearance of jcv from the brain. cidofovir (cdv) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that inhibits dna polymerases and has been used for the treatment of pml. however, cdv demonstrated litt ... | 2010 | 20823288 |
| a comparison of the immune responses of dogs exposed to canine distemper virus (cdv) - differences between vaccinated and wild-type virus exposed dogs. | canine distemper virus (cdv)-specific immune response was measured in different dog populations. three groups of vaccinated or wild-type virus exposed dogs were tested: dogs with a known vaccination history, dogs without a known vaccination history (shelter dogs), and dogs with potential exposure to wild-type cdv. the use of a t-cell proliferation assay demonstrated a detectable cdv-specific t-cell response from both spleen and blood lymphocytes of dogs. qualitatively, antibody assays [enzyme-li ... | 2010 | 20885846 |
| antiviral drug resistance of human cytomegalovirus. | the study of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antiviral drug resistance has enhanced knowledge of the virological targets and the mechanisms of antiviral activity. the currently approved drugs, ganciclovir (gcv), foscarnet (fos), and cidofovir (cdv), target the viral dna polymerase. gcv anabolism also requires phosphorylation by the virus-encoded ul97 kinase. gcv resistance mutations have been identified in both genes, while fos and cdv mutations occur only in the dna polymerase gene. confirmation o ... | 2010 | 20930070 |
| effects of cidofovir on human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancer cells xenografts in nude mice. | cidofovir (cdv) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog that shows broad spectrum anti-dna virus activity. in this study, we have investigated the influence of cidofovir on the tumor xenografts derived from hela and siha cells on nude mice. the hela/siha xenografts in nude mice were established by inoculating cells subcutaneously. administration of cidofovir by intratumoral injection led to significant tumor reduction. enhanced protein levels of p53 and p-prb within the tumor samples were ob ... | 2010 | 20939427 |
| morbillivirus infection in a wild siberian tiger in the russian far east. | we report the first documented case of morbillivirus infection in a wild, free-ranging siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica). the tigress entered a small village in the russian far east in an ambulatory but stuporous state with no apparent recognition or fear of humans. her condition progressed rapidly with neurological signs, anorexia, and ultimately death. histologic lesions included vacuolated to malacic white matter in the brain stem, cerebellum, and thalamus, with associated lymphocytic ... | 2010 | 20966275 |
| polycyclic n-benzamido imides with potent activity against vaccinia virus. | the synthesis and antiviral activity of a series of novel polycyclic analogues of the orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor tecovirimat (st-246) is presented. several of these compounds display sub-micromolar activity against vaccinia virus, and were more potent than cidofovir (cdv). the more active compounds were about 10-fold more active than cdv, with minimum cytotoxic concentrations above 100 μm. chemical manipulations of the two carbon-carbon double bonds present in the compounds were carried out ... | 2010 | 20967819 |
| disease transmission in territorial populations: the small-world network of serengeti lions. | territoriality in animal populations creates spatial structure that is thought to naturally buffer disease invasion. often, however, territorial populations also include highly mobile, non-residential individuals that potentially serve as disease superspreaders. using long-term data from the serengeti lion project, we characterize the contact network structure of a territorial wildlife population and address the epidemiological impact of nomadic individuals. as expected, pride contacts are domin ... | 2010 | 21030428 |
| persistence of canine distemper virus in the greater yellowstone ecosystem's carnivore community. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an acute, highly immunizing pathogen that should require high densities and large populations of hosts for long-term persistence, yet cdv persists among terrestrial carnivores with small, patchily distributed groups. we used cdv in the greater yellowstone ecosystem's (gye) wolves (canis lupus) and coyotes (canis latrans) as a case study for exploring how metapopulation structure, host demographics, and multi-host transmission affect the critical community size and ... | 2010 | 21049890 |
| oral hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir therapy in pregnant guinea pigs improves outcome in the congenital model of cytomegalovirus infection. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is the leading cause of congenital infection, producing both sensorineural hearing loss and mental retardation. we evaluated the in vivo efficacy of an orally bioavailable analog of cidofovir, hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (hdp-cdv), against guinea pig cmv (gpcmv) in a guinea pig model of congenital cmv infection. hdp-cdv exhibited antiviral activity against gpcmv with a 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) of 0.004 μm ± 0.001 μm. to evaluate in vivo efficacy, preg ... | 2010 | 21078944 |
| unconventional wisdom about the obesity epidemic. | diet and sedentary lifestyle, interacting with "thrifty" genes, are widely accepted as the principal cause of the current global obesity epidemic. however, a number of alternative etiologies for obesity have been proposed, including "drifty" genes, viruses, bacteria, environmental toxins, social network effects, maternal imprinting, sleep deprivation, and others. these grand rounds reviews the background of some of these unconventional ideas and evidence for or against their roles in the obesity ... | 2010 | 21119332 |
| canine distemper epizootic among red foxes, italy, 2009. | | 2010 | 21122248 |
| lights and shades on an historical vaccine canine distemper virus, the rockborn strain. | both egg- and cell-adapted canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccines are suspected to retain residual virulence, especially if administered to immuno-suppressed animals, very young pups or to highly susceptible animal species. in the early 1980s, post-vaccine encephalitis was reported in dogs from various parts of britain after administration of a particular batch of combined cdv rockborn strain/canine adenovirus type-1 vaccine, although incrimination of the rockborn strain was subsequently retracte ... | 2010 | 21167117 |
| rna editing enzyme adenosine deaminase is a restriction factor for controlling measles virus replication that also is required for embryogenesis. | measles virus (mv), a member of the family paramyxoviridae and an exclusively human pathogen, is among the most infectious viruses. a progressive fatal neurodegenerative complication, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe), occurs during persistent mv infection of the cns and is associated with biased hypermutations of the viral genome. the observed hypermutations of a-to-g are consistent with conversions catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on rna (adar1). to evaluate the role of ada ... | 2010 | 21173229 |
| surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome in 14 dogs treated for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunting. | to report frequency and type of complications, and outcome in dogs with severe neurologic signs secondary to internal, suspected obstructive hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunting. | 2011 | 21244441 |
| comparison of canine distemper viruses in domestic dogs and wild raccoon dogs in south korea. | | 2010 | 21262634 |
| antibodies to parvovirus, distemper virus and adenovirus conferred to household dogs using commercial combination vaccines containing leptospira bacterin. | to examine how the inclusion (+) or exclusion (-) of inactivated leptospira antigens in a vaccine for canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cadv-2) affects antibody titres to cpv-2, cdv and cadv-1 antigens, household dogs were vaccinated with commercially available vaccines from one of three manufacturers. cpv-2, cdv and cadv-1 antibody titres were measured 11 to 13 months later and compared within three different age groups and three differ ... | 2010 | 21262693 |
| diseases and parasites in wolves of the riding mountain national park region, manitoba, canada. | we examined wolf (canis lupus) blood and fecal samples from the riding mountain national park (rmnp) region of manitoba, canada. in 601 fecal samples collected during two study periods in rmnp and the duck mountain provincial park and forest (dmppf) we found gastrointestinal helminth eggs from alaria sp. (15.5%), capillaria sp. (1.0%), taeniid tapeworms (30.8%), toxascaris sp. (1.7%), toxocara sp. (0.2%), trichuris sp. (2.2%), and moniezia sp. (0.5%). in addition, we found demodex sp. (0.2%) and ... | 2011 | 21270013 |
| solution structure of a dna duplex containing the potent anti-poxvirus agent cidofovir. | cidofovir (1(s)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine, cdv) is a potent inhibitor of orthopoxvirus dna replication. prior studies have shown that, when cdv is incorporated into a growing primer strand, it can inhibit both the 3'-to-5' exonuclease and the 5'-to-3' chain extension activities of vaccinia virus dna polymerase. this drug can also be incorporated into dna, creating a significant impediment to trans-lesion dna synthesis in a manner resembling dna damage. cdv and deoxycytidine ... | 2011 | 21280608 |
| magnetic protein microbead-aided indirect fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of canine virus specific antibodies. | rabies, canine distemper, and canine parvovirus are common contagious viral diseases of dogs and many other carnivores, and pose a severe threat to the population dynamics of wild carnivores, as well as endangering carnivore conservation. however, clinical diagnosis of these diseases, especially canine distemper and canine parvovirus, is difficult because of the broad spectrum of symptoms that may be confused with other respiratory and enteric diseases of dogs. the most frequently used and prove ... | 2011 | 21300534 |
| a distinct cdv genotype causing a major epidemic in alpine wildlife. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection represents an important conservation threat to many carnivore species and has contributed to the population decline of several wild terrestrial and aquatic mammalian species. since 2006, the alpine region of north-eastern (ne) italy has been experiencing a severe and widespread outbreak of cdv affecting the wild carnivore population. in this study we performed an extensive phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis of cdv identified during the recent ... | 2011 | 21310557 |
| activities of different classes of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against bk virus in primary human renal cells. | bk virus (bkv), a virus belonging to the polyomavirus family, is a circular double-stranded dna virus that causes nephropathies in immunocompromised patients after kidney or bone marrow transplantation. the occurrence of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant patients may trigger graft loss, and guidelines for the management of bkv infection have not yet been clearly established. treatment of bkv nephropathy with cidofovir (cdv) {(s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cyto ... | 2011 | 21343444 |
| seroprevalence of various infectious agents in dogs with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. | acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (acp) is considered to be an animal model of the acute axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in humans. various antecedent events have been associated with gbs, including bacterial or viral infection. the relationship between acp and previous infection requires additional attention. | 2011 | 21352374 |
| differentiation of canine distemper virus isolates in fur animals from various vaccine strains by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism according to phylogenetic relations in china. | in order to effectively identify the vaccine and field strains of canine distemper virus (cdv), a new differential diagnostic test has been developed based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). we selected an 829 bp fragment of the nucleoprotein (n) gene of cdv. by rflp analysis using bamhi, field isolates were distinguishable from the vaccine strains. two fragments were obtained from the vaccine strains by rt-pcr-rflp an ... | 2011 | 21352564 |
| efficacy of cmx001 as a prophylactic and presymptomatic antiviral agent in new zealand white rabbits infected with rabbitpox virus, a model for orthopoxvirus infections of humans. | cmx001, a lipophilic nucleotide analog formed by covalently linking 3-(hexdecyloxy)propan-1-ol to cidofovir (cdv), is being developed as a treatment for smallpox. cmx001 has dramatically increased potency versus cdv against all dsdna viruses and, in contrast to cdv, is orally available and has shown no evidence of nephrotoxicity in healthy volunteers or severely ill transplant patients to date. although smallpox has been eliminated from the environment, treatments are urgently being sought due t ... | 2011 | 21369346 |
| monkey cv1 cell line expressing the sheep-goat slam protein: a highly sensitive cell line for the isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from pathological specimens. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is an important economically transboundary disease of sheep and goats caused by a virus which belongs to the genus morbillivirus. this genus, in the family paramyxoviridae, also includes the measles virus (mv), canine distemper virus (cdv), rinderpest virus (rpv), and marine mammal viruses. one of the main features of these viruses is the severe transient lymphopaenia and immunosuppression they induce in their respective hosts, thereby favouring secondary bacteri ... | 2011 | 21371505 |
| efficacy of cmx001 as a post exposure antiviral in new zealand white rabbits infected with rabbitpox virus, a model for orthopoxvirus infections of humans. | cmx001, a lipophilic nucleotide analog formed by covalently linking 3-(hexdecyloxy)propan-1-ol to cidofovir (cdv), is being developed as a treatment for smallpox. in the absence of human cases of smallpox, new treatments must be tested for efficacy in animal models. previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of cmx001 in protecting new zealand white rabbits from mortality following intradermal infection with rabbitpox virus as a model for smallpox, monkeypox and for treatment of adverse reactions ... | 2011 | 21373379 |
| pharmacovigilance in veterinary medicine in chile: a pilot study. | irag++en, d., urcelay, s., san mart+¡n, b. pharmacovigilance in veterinary medicine in chile: a pilot study. j. vet. pharmacol. therap.34, 108-115. in chile, there is no present government policy to survey and analyse adverse drug reactions (adrs) in the field of veterinary medicine. the intent of this study is to assess, for the first time, adr frequency in treated animals. to this purpose, a 6-month period pilot study based on who recommendations was conducted to monitor adrs in cats and dogs ... | 2011 | 21395600 |
| exposure to infectious agents in dogs in remote coastal british columbia: possible sentinels of diseases in wildlife and humans. | ranked among the top threats to conservation worldwide, infectious disease is of particular concern for wild canids because domestic dogs (canis familiaris) may serve as sources and reservoirs of infection. on british columbia's largely undeveloped but rapidly changing central and north coasts, little is known about diseases in wolves (canis lupus) or other wildlife. however, several threats exist for transfer of diseases among unvaccinated dogs and wolves. to gain baseline data on infectious ag ... | 2011 | 21461190 |
| canine distemper virus utilizes different receptors to infect chicken embryo fibroblasts and vero cells. | inducing animal viruses to adapt to chicken embryos or chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) is a common method to develop attenuated live vaccines with full security. canine distemper virus (cdv) also does this, but the mechanisms and particular receptors remain unclear. virus overlay protein blot assays were carried out on cef membrane proteins, which were extracted respectively with a mem-per™ kit, a radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer or a modified co-immunoprecipitation method, and revealed a ... | 2011 | 21468937 |
| synthesis, metabolic stability and antiviral evaluation of various alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and 9-(s)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine. | alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir (cdv) are orally active agents which inhibit the replication of a variety of double stranded dna (dsdna) viruses including variola, vaccinia, ectromelia, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and others. one of these compounds, hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv, cmx001) is in clinical development for prevention and treatment of poxvirus infection, vaccination complications, and for infections caused by cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, herpesviruses and other ... | 2011 | 21493074 |
| phylogenetic analysis of austrian canine distemper virus strains from clinical samples from dogs and wild carnivores. | austrian field cases of canine distemper (14 dogs, one badger [meles meles] and one stone marten [martes foina]) from 2002 to 2007 were investigated and the case histories were summarised briefly. phylogenetic analysis of fusion (f) and haemagglutinin (h) gene sequences revealed different canine distemper virus (cdv) lineages circulating in austria. the majority of cdv strains detected from 2002 to 2004 were well embedded in the european lineage. one austrian canine sample detected in 2003, with ... | 2011 | 21498265 |
| development of cmx001 for the treatment of poxvirus infections. | cmx001 (phosphonic acid, [[(s)-2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1(2h)-pyrimidinyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]mono[3-(hexadecyloxy)propyl] ester) is a lipid conjugate of the acyclic nucleotide phosphonate, cidofovir (cdv). cmx001 is currently in phase ii clinical trials for the prophylaxis of human cytomegalovirus infection and under development using the animal rule for smallpox infection. it has proven effective in reduction of morbidity and mortality in animal models of human smallpox, even after the ons ... | 2010 | 21499452 |
| immunohistochemical detection of metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9), anti-oxidant like 1 protein (aop-1) and synaptosomal-associated protein (snap-25) in the cerebella of dogs naturally infected with spontaneous canine distemper. | in most viral infections of the central nervous system (cns), the integrity of brain extracelluar matrix (ecm), oxidative stress and dysfunction in neuronal transmission may contribute to the observed pathology. the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of these factors in demyelinating canine distemper virus (cdv) infections. regardless of ecm integrity, the expression of metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) was visualized in microglial-like cells, whereas the expression of anti-oxidant like ... | 2011 | 21526488 |
| canine distemper matrix protein modulates particle infectivity, particle composition, and envelope distribution in polarized epithelial cells, and virulence. | in paramyxoviruses, the matrix (m) protein mediates the interaction between the envelope and internal proteins during particle assembly and egress. in measles virus (mev), m mutations such as in those found in sspe strains, and differences in vaccine and wild type m proteins can affect the strength of interaction with the envelope glycoproteins, assembly efficiency, and spread. however, the contribution of the m protein to virus replication and pathogenesis of the closely related canine distempe ... | 2011 | 21543493 |
| envelope-chimeric entry-targeted measles virus escapes neutralization and achieves oncolysis. | measles virus (mv) is a promising vector for cancer therapy and multivalent vaccination, but high prevalence of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies may reduce therapeutic efficacy, particularly following systemic administration. mv has only one serotype, but here we show that its envelope glycoproteins can be exchanged with those of the closely related canine distemper virus (cdv), generating a chimeric virus capable of escaping neutralization. to target its entry, we displayed on the cdv attac ... | 2011 | 21610701 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of canine distemper virus from india. | ocular swabs from canine distemper virus (cdv) suspected live or brain tissue from dead dogs were tested for the presence of cdv nucleoprotein (n) gene using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). partial "n" gene sequencing of the rt-pcr-positive samples and the local vaccine virus revealed that the ind/andaman 01/07 virus was highly divergent from the rest of the cdv isolates and from the vaccine strain. quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) using sybr green i chemistry for c ... | 2011 | 21626062 |
| urban domestic dog populations as a source of canine distemper virus for wild carnivores in the coquimbo region of chile. | urban areas can support dog populations dense enough to maintain canine distemper virus (cdv) and can be a source of infection for rural dogs and free-ranging carnivores. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between urban and rural domestic dog and wild carnivore populations and their effects on the epidemiology of cdv to explain retrospectively a cd outbreak in wild foxes in 2003. from 2005 to 2007 a cross-sectional household questionnaire survey was conducted in coquimbo ... | 2011 | 21641130 |
| canine distemper outbreak in rhesus monkeys, china. | since 2006, canine distemper outbreaks have occurred in rhesus monkeys at a breeding farm in guangxi, people's republic of china. approximately 10,000 animals were infected (25%-60% disease incidence); 5%-30% of infected animals died. the epidemic was controlled by vaccination. amino acid sequence analysis of the virus indicated a unique strain. | 2011 | 21801646 |
| identification of a new genotype of canine distemper virus circulating in america. | canine distemper is a highly contagious viral systemic disease that affects a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. canine distemper virus (cdv) appears genetically heterogeneous, markedly in the hemagglutinin protein (h), showing geographic patterns of diversification that are useful to monitor cdv molecular epidemiology. in mexico the activity of canine distemper remains high in dogs, likely because vaccine prophylaxis coverage in canine population is under the levels required to control eff ... | 2011 | 21713437 |
| epizootic canine distemper virus infection among wild mammals. | in the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of tanabe in wakayama prefecture, japan. the causative agent of the animals' death 1-2days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-cdv polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available cdv antigen-detection kit. sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyro ... | 2011 | 21840141 |
| optic neuritis caused by canine distemper virus in a jack russell terrier. | an atypical case of canine distemper (cd) was diagnosed in a vaccinated healthy adult dog. the patient was presented circling, seizuring, and blind. postmortem examination resulted in a diagnosis of cd. optic neuritis was diagnosed, a finding not previously described in the context of cd virus infection presenting solely with neurological signs. | 2011 | 21731093 |
| antiviral treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. antiviral agents specifically targeting cmv were initially developed during the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic to treat end-organ disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). there are currently four antiviral drugs licensed for the treatment of cmv infections: ganciclovir (gcv), valganciclovir (vgcv), foscarnet (fos), and cidofovi ... | 2011 | 21827432 |
| domestic dog origin of canine distemper virus in free-ranging wolves in portugal as revealed by hemagglutinin gene characterization. | serologic evidence for canine distemper virus (cdv) has been described in grey wolves but, to our knowledge, virus strains circulating in wolves have not been characterized genetically. the emergence of cdv in several non-dog hosts has been associated with amino acid substitutions at sites 530 and 549 of the hemagglutinin (h) protein. we sequenced the h gene of wild-type canine distemper virus obtained from two free-ranging iberian wolves (canis lupus signatus) and from one domestic dog (canis f ... | 2011 | 21719841 |
| occurrence of filaria in domestic dogs of samburu pastoralists in northern kenya and its associations with canine distemper. | samples of blood (serum, smears and blood preserved with ethanol) were collected from dogs during a vaccination campaign in northern kenya in the years 2006 and 2007. blood was screened for filarial parasites using molecular and microscopy methods and sera were tested for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv). parasitological examination revealed the presence of two species of canine filariae: acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and a. reconditum. the dna from the former species was detec ... | 2011 | 21724332 |
| Canine distemper virus induces apoptosis in cervical tumor derived cell lines. | Apoptosis can be induced or inhibited by viral proteins, it can form part of the host defense against virus infection, or it can be a mechanism for viral spread to neighboring cells. Canine distemper virus (CDV) induces apoptotic cells in lymphoid tissues and in the cerebellum of dogs naturally infected. CDV also produces a cytopathologic effect, leading to apoptosis in Vero cells in tissue culture. We tested canine distemper virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, for the ability to trig ... | 2011 | 21718481 |
| canine distemper virus infects canine keratinocytes and immune cells by using overlapping and distinct regions located on one side of the attachment protein. | the morbilliviruses measles virus (mev) and canine distemper virus (cdv) both rely on two surface glycoproteins, the attachment (h) and fusion proteins, to promote fusion activity for viral cell entry. growing evidence suggests that morbilliviruses infect multiple cell types by binding to distinct host cell surface receptors. currently, the only known in vivo receptor used by morbilliviruses is cd150/slam, a molecule expressed in certain immune cells. here we investigated the usage of multiple r ... | 2011 | 21849439 |
| atypical necrotizing encephalitis associated with systemic canine distemper virus infection in pups. | this report describes the naturally occurring atypical neuropathological manifestation of systemic canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in two 16-day-old pit bull pups. cdv-induced changes affected the gray and white matter of the forebrain while sparing the hindbrain. histologically, there was necrosis with destruction of the nervous parenchyma due to an influx of inflammatory and reactive cells associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within glial cells. positive immunoreac ... | 2011 | 22122909 |
| synthesis and early development of hexadecyloxypropylcidofovir: an oral antipoxvirus nucleoside phosphonate. | hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (hdp-cdv) is a novel ether lipid conjugate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonoylmethoxypropyl)-cytosine (cdv) which exhibits a remarkable increase in antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses compared with cdv. in contrast to cdv, hdp-cdv is orally active and lacks the nephrotoxicity of cdv itself. increased oral bioavailability and increased cellular uptake is facilitated by the lipid portion of the molecule which is responsible for the improved activity profile. the l ... | 2010 | 21994617 |
| Canine parvovirus-2b-associated erythema multiforme in a litter of English Setter dogs. | Erythema multiforme (EM) was diagnosed in a litter of English Setter puppies. The puppies developed erythematous cutaneous lesions at the age of 2 weeks. Microscopically, there was individual keratinocyte apoptosis associated with lymphocyte exocytosis in all layers of the epidermis. Intranuclear viral inclusions were seen in multiple tissues and organs. Tissues from the tongue, lymph node, spleen, skin, and small intestine were positive for Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) and negative for Canine di ... | 2011 | 21908294 |
| fatal cetacean morbillivirus infection in an australian offshore bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). | a juvenile offshore bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) was found stranded with neurological signs and unable to swim or float unassisted. it subsequently died, succumbing to a combination of severe pneumonia and encephalitis. morbillivirus serum neutralisation test serology was positive (titre 1:16) for cetacean morbillivirus and negative for both phocine distemper virus and canine distemper virus. there was concurrent thymic and lymph node lymphoid depletion and necrosis, together with int ... | 2011 | 22008125 |
| Vero cells infected with the Lederle strain of canine distemper virus have increased Fas receptor signaling expression at 15 h post-infection. | We evaluated the expression of the Fas receptor gene in Vero cells infected with the Lederle vaccine strain of canine distemper virus using RT-PCR. Vero cells were plated, and after being grown for 24 h in MEM with 5% FBS, 80-90% confluent monolayer cultures were infected with the virus. The cells were harvested at 3, 6, 9, and 15 h post-infection. Uninfected Vero cells were used as a control. Total RNA was isolated from Vero cells using 1 mL Trizol(®) LS, and RT was performed using 2 µg t ... | 2011 | 22009866 |
| Infection with a Hepatozoon sp. closely related to Hepatozoon felis in a wild Pampas gray fox (Lycalopex -Pseudalopex -gymnocercus) co-infected with canine distemper virus. | A species of Hepatozoon closely related to Hepatozoon felis found in the skeletal and cardiac muscle of a wild Pampas gray fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) is described. The fox was euthanized after showing severe incoordination. On necropsy and histopathology there was bilateral, diffuse, severe, sub-acute, necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia, with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Canine distemper virus was detected by immunohistochemistry in the bronchiolar epi ... | 2011 | 22112977 |
| Distemper virus encephalitis exerts detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. | Aims: Despite knowledge about the impact of brain inflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis, data on the influence of virus encephalitis on dentate granule cell neurogenesis are so far limited. Canine distemper is considered an interesting model of virus encephalitis, which can be associated with a chronic progressing disease course and can cause symptomatic seizures. Methods: To determine the impact of canine distemper virus infection on hippocampal neurogenesis, we compared post-mortem tissue f ... | 2011 | 21883377 |
| Morbilliviral encephalitis in a striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba calf from Italy. | A free-living, striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba calf was stranded on the Latium coast of Italy in November 2009. Significant neuropathological findings included non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, microgliosis, neuronal degeneration, astrocytosis, and occasional multinucleate syncytia. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for Morbillivirus were positive exclusively from the brain, with morbilliviral antigen and nucleic acid being detected ... | 2011 | 21932537 |
| cidofovir activity against poxvirus infections. | cidofovir [(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, hpmpc] is an acyclic nucleoside analog approved since 1996 for clinical use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis in aids patients. cidofovir (cdv) has broad-spectrum activity against dna viruses, including herpes-, adeno-, polyoma-, papilloma- and poxviruses. among poxviruses, cidofovir has shown in vitro activity against orthopox [vaccinia, variola (smallpox), cowpox, monkeypox, camelpox, ectromelia], molluscipox [mo ... | 2010 | 21994641 |
| inhibition of viral rna synthesis in canine distemper virus infection by proanthocyanidin a2. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a contagious and multisystemic viral disease that affects domestic and wild canines as well as other terrestrial and aquatic carnivores. the disease in dogs is often fatal and no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity against cdv of proanthocyanidin a2 (pa2), a phenolic dimer belonging to the class of condensed tannins present in plants. our results showed that pa2 exerted in vitro antiviral a ... | 2011 | 22020306 |
| unintended consequences of conservation actions: managing disease in complex ecosystems. | infectious diseases are increasingly recognised to be a major threat to biodiversity. disease management tools such as control of animal movements and vaccination can be used to mitigate the impact and spread of diseases in targeted species. they can reduce the risk of epidemics and in turn the risks of population decline and extinction. however, all species are embedded in communities and interactions between species can be complex, hence increasing the chance of survival of one species can hav ... | 2011 | 22163323 |
| increased p75 neurotrophin receptor expression in the canine distemper virus model of multiple sclerosis identifies aldynoglial schwann cells that emerge in response to axonal damage. | gliogenesis under pathophysiological conditions is of particular clinical relevance since it may provide regeneration-promoting cells recruitable for therapeutic purposes. there is accumulating evidence that aldynoglial cells with schwann cell-like growth-promoting properties emerge in the lesioned cns. however, the characterization of these cells and the signals triggering their in situ generation have remained enigmatic. in the present study, we used the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(ntr) ) a ... | 2011 | 22072443 |
| Post-epizootic chronic dolphin morbillivirus infection in Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba. | Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) has caused 2 epizootics with high mortality rates on the Spanish Mediterranean coast, in 1990 and 2006-07, mainly affecting striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba. Following the first epizootic unusual DMV infections affecting only the central nervous system of striped dolphins were found, with histological features similar to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and old dog encephalitis, the chronic latent localised infections caused by defective forms of measles viru ... | 2011 | 22132497 |
| Evidence of two co-circulating genetic lineages of canine distemper virus in South America. | Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of a multisystemic infection that affects different species of carnivores and is responsible for one of the main diseases suffered by dogs. Recent data have shown a worldwide increase in the incidence of the disease, including in vaccinated dog populations, which necessitates the analysis of circulating strains. The hemagglutinin (H) gene, which encodes the major antigenic viral protein, has been widely used to determine the degree of genetic ... | 2011 | 22036731 |
| Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain ZJ7 isolate from domestic dogs in China. | ABSTRACT: A new isolate of canine distemper virus (CDV), named ZJ7, was isolated from lung tissues of a dog suspected with CDV infection using MDCK cells. The ZJ7 isolate induced cytopathogenic effects of syncytia in MDCK cell after six passages. In order to evaluate pathogenesis of ZJ7 strain, three CDV sero-negative dogs were intranasally inoculated with its virus suspension. All infected dogs developed clinical signs of severe bloody diarrhea, conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, nasal discharge ... | 2011 | 22087872 |
| evidence for viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. | the etiology of multiple sclerosis (ms) is unknown, and several hypotheses have been advanced over the past century to explain it. despite much effort, no single cause has been established. one of the most appealing hypotheses is that of infection due to a neurotropic infectious agent, possibly a virus. there are several lines of data to support this hypothesis. first, there are clear examples of inflammatory demyelinating disease caused directly or indirectly by viral infections in both humans ... | 2011 | 21964847 |
| development of a combined canine distemper virus specific rt-pcr protocol for the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (diva) and genetic characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of seven chinese strains demonstrated in dogs. | a combined reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method was developed for the detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of the canine distemper virus (cdv). a pair of primers (p1/p2) was used to detect both cdv wild-type strains and vaccines. another pair (p3/p4) was used to detect only cdv wild-type strains. a 335bp fragment was amplified from the genomic rna of the vaccine and wild-type strains. a 555bp fragment was amplified specifically from the genomi ... | 2012 | 22108430 |
| characterization of a new dog isolate of canine distemper virus from china. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious pathogen of dogs. vaccination is an effective way to protect dogs from cdv infection, but occasionally fails. in the present study, a wild type (wt) cdv, named xj2, was isolated from a dead vaccinated dog. the hemagglutinin (h) gene of the xj2 was amplified and analyzed for the molecular characteristics including n-glycosylation sites, phylogenesis, hydrophobicity and epitopes. the data indicated that xj2 was a genetic variant strain of cdv. cd ... | 2011 | 22149495 |
| [immunosuppression in dogs and pigs infected with canine distemper virus]. | immunosuppression manifesting itself as leukopenia and a considerably lower lymphocyte proliferative response to t- and b-cell mitogens develops in pigs and dogs within 2-3 weeks after intramuscular or oral infection with canine distemper virus (cdv). cdv antigens are detectable in the oral secretions of the animals within 2-2.5 week after infection. | 2011 | 22171479 |
| Susceptibility of carnivore hosts to strains of canine distemper virus from distinct genetic lineages. | Using the complete haemagglutinin (HA) gene and partial phosphoprotein (P) gene we investigated the genotype of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains recovered from two wildlife species in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated significant differences between the strains from raccoons Procyon lotor (family Procyonidae) obtained in 2007 and strains from red foxes Vulpes vulpes (family Canidae) obtained in 2008. The raccoon strains belonged to the CDV European wildlife ... | 2011 | 22024346 |
| canine distemper spillover in domestic dogs from urban wildlife. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a major disease of domestic dogs that develops as a serious systemic infection in unvaccinated or improperly vaccinated dogs. domesticated dogs are the main reservoir of cdv, a multihost pathogen. this virus of the genus morbillivirus in the family paramyxoviridae occurs in other carnivorous species including all members of the canidae and mustelidae families and in some members of the procyonidae, hyaenidae, ursidae, and viverridae families. canine distemper ... | 2011 | 22041204 |
| the antiviral activity of six south african plants traditionally used against infections in ethnoveterinary medicine. | viral infections remain a major threat to humans and animals and there is a crucial need for new antiviral agents especially with the development of resistant viruses. the hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extracts of six plant species selected for their traditional use against infections were tested for in vitro antiviral activity against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parainfluenza virus-2 (cpiv-2), feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv). all extract ... | 2011 | 21982126 |
| molecular analysis of parapoxvirus from a spotted seal phoca largha in japan. | a spotted seal phoca largha with nodular and scab lesions on the whole body was brought to an aquarium in nagoya, japan. we extracted dna from the lesions and used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for detecting orthopoxvirus and parapoxvirus dna. parapoxvirus but not orthopoxvirus dna was detected. the partial nucleotide sequence of the envelope gene was determined from the pcr product, and the sequence was seen to be closely related to 2 parapoxvirus strains from spotted seals in alas ... | 2011 | 22235590 |
| an outbreak of canine distemper virus in tigers (panthera tigris): possible transmission from wild animals to zoo animals. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a morbillivirus that causes one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases known in canids, has an expanding host range, including wild animals. since december 2009, several dead or dying wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) were found in and around one safari-style zoo in japan, and cdv was isolated from four of these animals. in the subsequent months (january to february 2010), 12 tigers (panthera tigris) in the zoo developed respiratory and gastroin ... | 2011 | 22214864 |
| prevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus and distemper virus in wolves in the canadian rocky mountains. | wild carnivores are often exposed to diseases via contact with peridomestic host species that travel through the wildland-urban interfaces. to determine the antibody prevalences and relationships to human activity for two common canid pathogens, we sampled 99 wolves (canis lupus) from 2000 to 2008 for antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) in banff and jasper national parks and surrounding areas of the canadian rockies. this population was the source for wolves re ... | 2012 | 22247375 |