| host range and receptor utilization of canine distemper virus analyzed by recombinant viruses: involvement of heparin-like molecule in cdv infection. | we constructed recombinant viruses expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) or firefly luciferase from cdna clones of the canine distemper virus (cdv) (a japanese field isolate, yanaka strain). using these viruses, we examined susceptibilities of different cell lines to cdv infection. the results revealed that the recombinant cdvs can infect a broad range of cell lines. infectivity inhibition assay using a monoclonal antibody specific to the human slam molecule indicated that the inf ... | 2007 | 17055025 |
| comparison of lipopeptide-based immunocontraceptive vaccines containing different lipid groups. | we have previously shown that incorporating the lipid moiety dipalmitoyl-s-glyceryl cysteine (pam2cys) into peptide structures effectively adjuvants otherwise weak immunogens. in this study lipopeptides based on luteinising hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) as a b cell epitope, [b], were synthesised in tandem with a 17-residue t-helper epitope, [t], derived from the fusion protein of the morbillivirus canine distemper virus. in this way vaccine candidates with the structure [t]-[b] were produced. ... | 2007 | 17055123 |
| immunohistochemical screening for viral agents in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with myelopathy. | numerous cases of acute-onset progressive ataxia, hindlimb paresis and paralysis of unknown aetiology occurred during 1993 to 2003 in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) within the european endangered species programme (eep). this study describes the immunohistochemical investigation of a possible viral aetiology of the "cheetah myelopathy". antibodies to feline herpesvirus type 1, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and borna disease virus were applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brai ... | 2006 | 17056652 |
| clinicopathological findings in dogs with distemper encephalomyelitis presented without characteristic signs of the disease. | the clinical diagnosis of distemper is difficult in dogs presented with nervous deficits in the absence of extraneural signs and myoclonus. the aim of this study is to verify how the clinicopathological findings may suggest distemper encephalomyelitis in such cases. we prospectively investigated 20 necropsied dogs presented with neurological signs without those characteristic signs of distemper at the time of hospital admission. eight out of 20 dogs were diagnosed with distemper encephalomyeliti ... | 2007 | 17084426 |
| neospora caninum infection in a free-ranging raccoon (procyon lotor) with concurrent canine distemper virus infection. | during a canine distemper virus (cdv) outbreak in raccoons (procyon lotor) from cook county, illinois, a juvenile female suffering from seizures was killed and necropsied. gross and histologic findings of necrotizing encephalitis and proliferative bronchopneumonia were attributed to cdv infection and considered the cause of clinical signs. a section of cerebellum stained immunohistochemically for neospora caninum revealed an approximately 40 microm diameter, round to oval cyst with a 2- to 3-mic ... | 2005 | 17089776 |
| factors associated with pathogen seroprevalence and infection in rocky mountain cougars. | serological and genetic material collected over 15 years (1990-2004) from 207 cougars (puma concolor) in four populations in the rocky mountains were examined for evidence of current or prior exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus (fcov), feline calicivirus (fcv), canine distemper virus (cdv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and yersinia pestis. serologic data were analyzed for annual variation in seroconversions to assess whether these pathogens a ... | 2006 | 17092891 |
| a serosurvey of viral infections in lions (panthera leo), from queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | serum samples from 14 lions (panthera leo) from queen elizabeth national park, uganda, were collected during 1998 and 1999 to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population. sera were analyzed for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis: fhv1), feline/canine parvovirus (fpv/cpv), feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus: fipv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) or for the pre ... | 2006 | 17092900 |
| a molecular study of hippocampus in dogs with convulsion during canine distemper virus encephalitis. | in this study, we have investigated the expression of the nuclear transcription factor (c-fos, nfkb), growth factors (nerve growth factor--ngf, brain-derived neurotrophic factor--bdnf), peptides (enkephalin, galanin) and glutamate transporter (aa 504-523 rat eaac1) in 6 dogs sacrificed immediately after seizure attack during encephalomyelitis due to canine distemper virus (cdv) (as assessed by clinical examination, rt-pcr and viral rna detection either in blood or brain tissue and cdv immunohist ... | 2006 | 16765333 |
| immunohistochemical detection of antigens of distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses in domestic dogs with pneumonia. | the lungs of 35 dogs that died in mexico from acute or subacute pneumonia were examined immunohistochemically for canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), to determine their frequency and occurrence and possible associations. cdv was identified in 27 (77%) cases, cav in 20 (57%) and cpiv in 18 (51%). the most frequent dual association was that between cdv and cpiv (five cases; 14%). all three viruses, however, were identified in the same lung i ... | 2005 | 16202422 |
| in vitro canine distemper virus infection of canine lymphoid cells: a prelude to oncolytic therapy for lymphoma. | measles virus (mv) causes the regression of human lymphoma xenografts. the purpose of this study was to determine if canine lymphoid cells could be infected in vitro with mv or canine distemper virus (cdv, the canine morbillivirus equivalent of mv) and determine if in vitro viral infection leads to apoptotic cell death. | 2005 | 15746063 |
| re: the 2000 canine distemper epidemic in caspian seals (phoca caspica): pathology and analysis of contributory factors. | | 2006 | 17099170 |
| oral 1-o-octadecyl-2-o-benzyl-sn-glycero-3-cidofovir targets the lung and is effective against a lethal respiratory challenge with ectromelia virus in mice. | hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (hdp-cdv) has been shown to be orally active against lethal infection with orthopoxviruses including, mousepox, cowpox, vaccinia and rabbitpox. the alkoxyalkyl group provides oral absorption and reduces greatly the amount of drug reaching the kidney, the site of cdv's dose limiting toxicity. however, the amount of hdp-cdv detected in lung, an important site of early poxvirus replication, is low and the reduction of viral titers in surviving animals is reduced moderat ... | 2007 | 17123638 |
| comparative trial of the canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 2 fractions of two commercially available modified live vaccines. | the results of vaccinating two groups of puppies with commercial vaccines, both of which claimed to provide adequate protection with a final vaccination at 10 weeks of age, were compared. groups of 19 and 20 puppies with similar titres of maternally derived antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) at four weeks of age were vaccinated at six and 10 weeks of age and their responses to each vaccination were measured by comparing t ... | 2006 | 17127756 |
| sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of asian lineage peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the peste-des-petits ruminants vaccine virus (pprv sungri/96) belonging to the asian lineage was determined. the gene was 1692 nucleotides in length and encoded a polypeptide of 525 amino acids. the pprv sungri/96 n gene has a nucleotide homology of 92% for pprv nigeria 75/1 to 55.5% for canine distemper virus. at amino acid level the homology was 94.1% with pprv nigeria 75/1, while with other morbilliviruses, pprv sungri/96 had ... | 2006 | 17139548 |
| cidofovir is effective against caprine herpesvirus 1 infection in goats. | caprine herpesvirus 1 (cphv-1) is a virus able to cause genital infection leading to vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis in adult goats. cphv-1 shares several biological similarities with herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infection in man, such as genital tropism, type and site of typical lesions and it might provide an animal model for studies on antiviral drugs for hsv-2 infection in man. in this view the efficacy of cidofovir (cdv) drug was tested in six goats intravaginally infected with ba.1 stra ... | 2007 | 17161474 |
| in vitro evaluation of the anti-orf virus activity of alkoxyalkyl esters of cdv, ccdv and (s)-hpmpa. | acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (anps) and in particular (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc, cidofovir, cdv, vistide) and its adenine counterpart (s)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine [(s)-hpmpa] are highly active against orf virus infections. this parapoxvirus commonly causes infection in sheep, goats, but also humans. alkoxyalkyl esters of cdv have an increased oral bioavailability and are more active against orthopoxviruses than the parent compounds. in ... | 2007 | 17184854 |
| canine parvovirus vaccination. | | 2006 | 17189604 |
| immunohistochemical detection of 3 viral infections in paraffin-embedded tissue from mink (mustela vison): a tissue-microarray-based study. | immunohistochemical (ihc) assays were developed and tested for the detection of 3 viral infections in archived paraffin-embedded mink tissue. specimens had been obtained from mink with diagnoses of acute aleutian disease (ad), mink parvoviral enteritis (mve), or canine distemper (cd) made by means of routine diagnostic procedures. to improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of ihc analyses, tissue microarray (tma) technology was used. representative cores 2 mm in diameter from each tissue spe ... | 2007 | 17193876 |
| infectious canine hepatitis: an "old" disease reemerging in italy. | four outbreaks of infectious canine hepatitis (ich) occurring in italy between 2001 and 2006 are reported. three outbreaks were observed in animal shelters of southern italy, whereas a fourth outbreak involved two purebred pups imported from hungary few days before the onset of clinical symptoms. in all outbreaks canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) was identified by virus isolation and pcr. in three outbreaks, other canine viral pathogens were detected, including canine distemper virus, canine parv ... | 2007 | 17197003 |
| seroepidemiological survey of morbillivirus infection in kuril harbor seals (phoca vitulina stejnegeri) of hokkaido, japan. | serological analysis was performed to detect morbillivirus infection in kuril harbor seals in hokkaido, japan. serum samples were collected from the seals at nosappu (231 sera), akkeshi (16), and erimo (75) between 1998 and 2005. antibodies to phocine distemper virus (pdv) were detected by elisa in seals from nosappu and erimo. antibodies to pdv were found in 56% (5/9) of the sampled seals from nosappu in 1998, versus only 5% (3/66) for 2003, 1% (1/79) for 2004, and 1% (1/77) for 2005. these sug ... | 2006 | 17201196 |
| compatibility of a bivalent modified-live vaccine against bordetella bronchiseptica and cpiv, and a trivalent modified-live vaccine against cpv, cdv and cav-2. | eight puppies (group 1) were vaccinated once with a bivalent modified-live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis by the intranasal route and at the same time with an injectable trivalent vaccine against canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus; a second group of eight puppies (group 2) was vaccinated only with the intranasal bivalent vaccine, and a further eight puppies (group 3) were vaccinated only with the injectable trivalent vaccine. three weeks later they were ... | 2007 | 17220520 |
| evaluation of elisa based on the conserved and functional middle region of nucleocapsid protein to detect distemper infection in dogs. | a 287bp fragment from the middle region of the nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) was amplified from the conjunctival samples of distemper-infected dogs and was cloned into prset b vector. the recombinant protein was expressed as a 16-kda-fusion protein with histidine tag in e. coli. sera of distemper-infected and vaccinated dogs contained igg antibodies against the purified recombinant protein as observed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and showed a strong correl ... | 2007 | 17224247 |
| multicenter blinded analysis of rt-pcr detection methods for paramyxoviruses in relation to paget's disease of bone. | conflicting results have been reported on the detection of paramyxovirus transcripts in paget's disease, and a possible explanation is differences in the sensitivity of rt-pcr methods for detecting virus. in a blinded study, we found no evidence to suggest that laboratories that failed to detect viral transcripts had less sensitive rt-pcr assays, and we did not detect measles or distemper transcripts in paget's samples using the most sensitive assays evaluated. | 2007 | 17227218 |
| serosurvey for cpv-2, distemper virus, ehrlichiosis and leishmaniosis in free-ranging dogs in italy. | | 2007 | 17237459 |
| identification of urop11, a novel leptin-modulated gene that is upregulated in the hypothalamus of mice with virus-induced obesity. | obesity results from disturbances of tightly regulated interactions between the nervous, endocrine, and metabolic systems that can be caused by external factors, such as viral infections. a mouse model of obesity induced by brain infection with a morbillivirus, canine distemper virus, allowed us to identify obesity-related genes. using a subtractive library for the hypothalamus, the main brain structure regulating energy homeostasis, we identified a new gene on mouse chromosome 19 which we named ... | 2007 | 17242166 |
| induction of neutralizing antibody responses to hepatitis c virus with synthetic peptide constructs incorporating both antibody and t-helper epitopes. | we describe a peptide-based strategy for hepatitis c virus (hcv) vaccine design that exploits synthetic peptides representing antibody epitopes of the hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) of the e2 glycoprotein and also less variable regions immediately downstream of hvr1. these epitopes were linked to a t-helper (t(h)) epitope (klipnaslienctkael) derived from the morbillivirus canine distemper virus. antibody titres induced by the two vaccine candidates t(h)-a (e2 amino acid 384-414) and t(h)-b (e2 am ... | 2007 | 17242693 |
| a non-biotin polymerized horseradish-peroxidase method for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of canine distemper. | this report describes a modified non-biotin polymerized horseradish peroxidase (hrp) immunohistochemical method for the diagnosis of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection from formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues. this method confirmed infection in seven of eight (87.5%) suspected cases. labelled cdv antigen was observed in the following sites: cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges, glial cells, neurons, vascular endothelium, periventricular areas and pericytes, and choroid plexus; grey and w ... | 2007 | 17258225 |
| canine distemper virus infection requires cholesterol in the viral envelope. | cholesterol is known to play an important role in stabilizing particular cellular membrane structures, so-called lipid or membrane rafts. for several viruses, a dependence on cholesterol for virus entry and/or morphogenesis has been shown. using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that infection of cells by canine distemper virus (cdv) was not impaired after cellular cholesterol had been depleted by the drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. this effect was independent of the mult ... | 2007 | 17267508 |
| genotyping canine distemper virus (cdv) by a hemi-nested multiplex pcr provides a rapid approach for investigation of cdv outbreaks. | cdv is a highly contagious viral pathogen causing a lethal systemic disease in dogs and other carnivores. several lineages or genotypes of cdv exist that are variously distributed throughout several continents. legal or uncontrolled trading of animals may modify the epidemiology of cdv, introducing novel strains in cdv-naïve areas or accounting for the resurgence of cdv in areas where vaccine prophylaxis was effective and successful to control the disease. a hemi-nested pcr system was developed ... | 2007 | 17275219 |
| early cytokine mrna expression profiles predict morbillivirus disease outcome in ferrets. | severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of morbillivirus infections. to study the underlying mechanisms, we have developed a ferret model of canine distemper virus infection. the model reproduces all clinical signs of measles, but the lack of ferret-specific reagents has limited the characterization of the cellular immune response. towards this, we cloned ferret cytokines and established semi-quantitative real-time pcr assays. to demonstrate the utility of these assays we compared the cytokine pr ... | 2007 | 17289104 |
| local administration of cidofovir for human papilloma virus associated skin lesions in transplant recipients. | human papilloma virus (hpv)-associated diseases are increasingly diagnosed in solid organ recipients. cidofovir (cdv) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent with activity against all human herpes viruses and hpv. from 2000-2004, a total of 1303 solid organ transplants (sot) were performed at our center. six transplant recipients were treated with topical cdv for hpv-associated lesions. one cardiac recipient responded to a single injection of cdv into his recurrent anal condylomata. in a renal recip ... | 2007 | 17291217 |
| agarose gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins of dogs after sample concentration using a membrane microconcentrator technique. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is produced in the cerebral ventricles through ultrafiltration of plasma and active transport mechanisms. evaluation of proteins in csf may provide important information about the production of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system as well as possible disturbances in the blood-brain barrier. | 2007 | 17311200 |
| erythema multiforme in a spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta). | a 10.5-yr-old male spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) developed acute, severe erythematous and ulcerative dermatitis of the hindquarters, feet, face, and ears 19 days after receiving a recombinant canary pox vectored canine distemper vaccine. biopsies of the lesions supported a diagnosis of erythema multiforme (em), which is an immune-mediated disorder that can occur days to months after exposure to antigenic stimuli. during the lengthy recovery, esophageal regurgitation and ulceration developed ei ... | 2005 | 17312775 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| exposure of free-ranging maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) to infectious and parasitic disease agents in the noël kempff mercado national park, bolivia. | maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) are neotropic mammals, listed as a cites appendix ii species, with a distribution south of the amazon forest from bolivia, through northern argentina and paraguay and into eastern brazil and northern uruguay. primary threats to the survival of free-ranging maned wolves include habitat loss, road kills, and shooting by farmers. an additional threat to the conservation of maned wolves is the risk of morbidity and mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseas ... | 2005 | 17323558 |
| serologic responses after vaccination of fennec foxes (vulpes zerda) and meerkats (suricata suricatta) with a live, canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine. | fennec foxes (vulpes zerda) and meerkats (suricata suricatta) are considered to be susceptible to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection. although no definitive clinical cases of natural cdv infections have been reported, mortalities due to cdv have been suspected and are reported in other closely related species. a commercially available monovalent, live, canarypox-vectored cdv vaccine induced neutralizing antibody titers that were maintained for at least a year in both fennec foxes and meerkat ... | 2005 | 17323579 |
| does human proximity affect antibody prevalence in marine-foraging river otters (lontra canadensis)? | the investigation of diseases of free-ranging river otters (lontra canadensis) is a primary conservation priority for this species; however, very little is known about diseases of river otters that forage in marine environments. to identify and better understand pathogens that could be important to marine-foraging river otters, other wildlife species, domestic animals, and humans and to determine if proximity to human population could be a factor in disease exposure, serum samples from 55 free-r ... | 2007 | 17347401 |
| genetic diversity of hungarian canine distemper virus strains. | to achieve proper diagnosis of dogs based on acute clinical symptoms and poorly preserved field samples taken from animals that died due to canine distemper (cd), a new differential diagnostic test has been developed based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this study, more than 150 samples collected from dogs showing respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological signs suggesting canine distemper virus (cdv) infection were examined. the samples consisted of urine, blood and nasal swabs coll ... | 2007 | 17350769 |
| canine distemper: re-emergence of an old enemy. | | 2006 | 17359474 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl-phosphate conjugates of cidofovir and adefovir. | esterification of cidofovir (cdv), an antiviral nucleoside phosphonate, with alkyl or alkoxyalkyl groups increases antiviral activity by enhancing cell uptake and conversion to cdv diphosphate. hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv) has been shown to be 40-100 times more active than cdv in vitro in cells infected with herpes group viruses, variola, cowpox, vaccinia or ectromelia viruses. since the first phosphorylation of cdv may be rate limiting, we synthesized the hexadecyloxypropyl-phosphate (hdp-p ... | 2007 | 17367874 |
| identification of a genetic variant of canine distemper virus from clinical cases in two vaccinated dogs in mexico. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious viral pathogen of worldwide distribution that can cause lethal disease in dogs and other mammals. genetic diversity is found among reference strains and isolates of cdv, mainly in the haemagglutinin protein (h), fusion protein (f) and nucleoprotein (n), and this may be associated with the increasing incidence of distemper in dogs. cdv was identified by rt-pcr in serum samples taken from two clinically diseased, previously vaccinated mexican dog ... | 2008 | 17382567 |
| involvement of morbilliviruses in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease. | two members of the morbillivirus genus of the family paramyxoviridae, canine distemper virus (cdv) and measles virus (mv), are well-known for their ability to cause a chronic demyelinating disease of the cns in their natural hosts, dogs and humans, respectively. both viruses have been studied for their potential involvement in the neuropathogenesis of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (ms). recently, three new members of the morbillivirus genus, phocine distemper virus (pdv), po ... | 2007 | 17410634 |
| could a virus contribute to weight gain? | obesity is a serious public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. although the causes for obesity are unclear, it seems that environmental, genetic, neural and endocrine factors contribute to its development. however, the rapid global spread of obesity resembles epidemiologically the spread of an infectious disease. thus far, little consideration has been given to the possibility that the epidemic of obesity could be due to an infectious agent. seven viruses and a scr ... | 2007 | 17420782 |
| the canine distemper epidemic in serengeti: are lions victims of a new highly virulent canine distemper virus strain, or is pathogen circulation stochasticity to blame? | in the year 1994, the serengeti lion population was decimated by a canine distemper disease outbreak. retrospective investigations showed that this host population had already been in contact with the pathogen in 1981 without any detected sign of disease. as an alternative to the virus mutation hypothesis to explain this difference in virulences observed in 1981 and 1994, we propose a novel mechanism of disease emergence based on variation in population immunity. we use a stochastic model to sho ... | 2007 | 17456450 |
| antigenic characterization of phocine distemper virus causing mass mortality in 2002 and its relationship to other morbilliviruses. | the antigenic relationship between the phocine distemper virus (pdv) strain causing the epidemic in 2002 and the pdv strain of 1988, canine distemper virus from two dogs and one marten, and one measles virus strain was investigated in vivo and in vitro using monospecific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against five different proteins of canine or phocine distemper virus (n, p, m, f, h). epitopic mapping revealed no difference between the pdv strains causing the epidemics in 1988 or ... | 2007 | 17458621 |
| necrotizing encephalitis of unknown cause in fennoscandian arctic foxes (alopex lagopus). | a neurologic disease affected a colony of endangered fennoscandian arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) kept in captivity for breeding purposes. several outbreaks of disease occurred between 1994 and 2004. the clinical signs included ataxia, indications of anosmia, blindness, and abnormal behavior. the disease was characterized by severe necrotizing encephalitis affecting mostly the cranial cerebrum, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulbs. investigations to identify the etiology of the disease included tes ... | 2007 | 17459845 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| dual infection with polyomavirus bk and acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus successfully treated with cidofovir in a bone marrow transplant recipient. | a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient developed a mucosal herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) infection while under acyclovir (acv) treatment (hsv was later shown to be resistant to acv). concomitantly, the patient presented a hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) due to polyomavirus bk, for which intravenous cidofovir (cdv) was prescribed. the patient benefited from the broad-spectrum anti-dna virus activity of cdv, and not only the hc resolved without signs of nephrotoxicity but also the hsv-1 lesions ... | 2007 | 17461998 |
| a serologic assessment of exposure to viral pathogens and leptospira in an urban raccoon (procyon lotor) population inhabiting a large zoological park. | in urban environments, raccoons (procyon lotor) may act as reservoirs for an array of pathogenic organisms, presenting spillover risks for human, domestic animal, and captive (zoo) animal populations. over 5 yr, 159 raccoons from a high-density raccoon population in st. louis, missouri (usa), were surveyed for exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus 1 (cav-1); feline parvovirus (fpv; =feline panleukopenia), and several serovars of leptospira interrogans. exposure to each of t ... | 2007 | 17469271 |
| serosurvey of infectious disease agents of carnivores in captive red pandas (ailurus fulgens) in china. | the future of the endangered red panda (ailurusfulgens) depends in part on the development of protective measures against infectious diseases. the present study is a first step toward improved understanding of infectious diseases in the species' home regions. serum samples obtained from 73 red pandas in 10 captive facilities in southwest, east, and northeast china from october to december 2004 were tested for antibodies against nine common infectious pathogens of carnivores. antibody titers agai ... | 2007 | 17469274 |
| evidence of canine distemper and suggestion of preceding parvovirus-myocarditis in a eurasian badger (meles meles). | an approximately 1.5-yr-old free-ranging male eurasian badger (meles meles) from the eastern part of austria had macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with canine distemper virus infection, including nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia with accumulation of macrophages in alveoli that contained intranuclear inclusion bodies, vesicular exanthema of the ventral abdomen, and atrophy of lymphoid tissues. canine distemper virus-antigen was demonstrable in a variety of o ... | 2007 | 17469291 |
| distribution of inclusion bodies in tissues from 100 dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | one hundred dogs that were positive for canine distemper virus antigen and inclusion bodies in the tonsils were examined for the distribution of inclusion bodies in various tissues. inclusion bodies were found in the lungs (70 dogs), brains (20 dogs), urinary bladders (73 dogs), stomachs (78 dogs), spleens (77 dogs), and lymph nodes (81 dogs) of the dogs. based on these results, the tonsils may be the most suitable tissue for detection of inclusion bodies in canine distemper. | 2007 | 17551227 |
| immunization of puppies in the presence of maternally derived antibodies against canine distemper virus. | vaccination of dams with modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccines will elicit high concentrations of colostral antibody, that although vital for protection of the pup during the first weeks of life, can interfere with active vaccination against the virus. in the present study, 12 pups, 7-9 weeks of age, with maternally derived immunity to cdv, were vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored cdv vaccine. these pups were protected against intravenous challenge with cdv. three littermate pups ... | 2007 | 17560592 |
| simultaneous canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and mycoplasma cynos infection in a dog with pneumonia. | the present case is the first description of a triple infection with canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) type 2, and mycoplasma cynos in a dog. the 5-month-old female miniature pinscher was euthanized because of dyspnea, croaking lung sounds, weight loss, and lymphopenia. pathologic examination revealed a fibrinous necrotizing pneumonia with large amphophilic intranuclear and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different lung cells. immunohistochemically, cdv ant ... | 2007 | 17606512 |
| combined distemper-adenoviral pneumonia in a dog. | a 3 1/2-month-old pug with oculonasal discharge and seizures was submitted for postmortem examination. grossly, the lungs had cranioventral consolidation, and microscopically, 2 distinct types of inclusion bodies compatible with canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 2. presence of both viruses was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining. | 2007 | 17616064 |
| three-year duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine. | two studies evaluated the duration of serologic response to the recombinant, canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine (recombitek, merial). serologic duration of immunity was shown to be at least 36 months. thus, recombitek provides protection when administered less frequently than the manufacturer's label. after the initial vaccination protocol of two or more doses administered approximately 4 weeks apart, with the last dose given at 12 to 16 weeks of age or older, and re-vaccination a ... | 2007 | 17616944 |
| detection by rt-pcr and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus from vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs in argentina. | rt-pcr was used to detect canine distemper virus (cdv) rna in clotted blood from argentine domestic dogs. the np gene was detected in 73 out of 99 blood samples analyzed. the deduced amino acid sequence of these gene fragments showed 100% identity with the sequence of other wild-type and vaccine strains. a fragment of the hemagglutinin gene was amplified from 24 (32.9%) of the np-rna-positive clinical specimens. these h fragments were further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism ... | 2007 | 17628358 |
| disease manifestations of canine distemper virus infection in ferrets are modulated by vitamin a status. | the measles virus (mv) causes half a million childhood deaths annually. vitamin a supplements significantly reduce measles-associated mortality and morbidity. the mechanisms whereby vitamin a acts against mv are not understood and currently there is no satisfactory small animal model for mv infection. we report on the development of a ferret model to study antiviral activity of vitamin a against canine distemper virus (cdv). cdv is closely related to mv at the molecular level and distemper in fe ... | 2007 | 17634264 |
| prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus among foxes and wolves from spain. | viral diseases can influence the population dynamics of wild carnivores and can have effects on carnivore conservation. hence, a serologic survey was conducted in an opportunistic sample of 137 foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 37 wolves (canis lupus) in spain for 1997-2007 to detect antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) and against canine parvovirus (cpv) by indirect elisa. antibodies against cdv were detected in 18.7% of the analyzed animals and antibodies against cpv in 17.2%. there was no ... | 2008 | 17646060 |
| distemper studies in foxes: vi. - attempted immunization of foxes with ferret distemper virus against canine distemper virus. | | 1944 | 17648011 |
| development of recombinant nucleocapsid protein based igm-elisa for the early detection of distemper infection in dogs. | an igm-elisa based on a 16-kda recombinant protein produced for the conserved and functional middle region of nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus was developed. out of 70 serum samples from distemper-suspected and vaccinated dogs analyzed, 34 serum samples (49%) were positive. the specificity of this elisa was confirmed by blocking and adsorption experiments. the igm-elisa based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein showed a strong correlation (r=0.857, p<0.0001 at 95% ci) and good ... | 2007 | 17659785 |
| aetiological role of viruses in puppies with diarrhoea. | | 2007 | 17675636 |
| comparison of molecular and growth properties for two different canine distemper virus clusters, asia 1 and 2, in japan. | to compare the molecular and growth properties of two newly isolated canine distemper virus strains in the asia 1 and 2 groups with clinico-pathological findings in dogs, nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence comparisons of genes h and p were performed together with comparative growth profiling. the predicted amino acid sequences of the h gene contained 12 cysteine residues that were conserved among the examined asia 1 and asia 2 viruses. the hydrophobic region in the h gene of the asia 2 ... | 2007 | 17675806 |
| serologic response to a canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine in the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). | the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) is known to be susceptible to natural infection with canine distemper virus (cdv). vaccination of giant pandas with conventional modified live cdv vaccines has been avoided due to the numerous carnivore species known to have become infected with cdv after vaccination. serum-neutralizing antibodies to cdv were measured after s.c. and i.m. annual vaccination with a canarypox-vectored recombinant cdv vaccine in an adult male and female giant panda over the p ... | 2007 | 17679527 |
| canine distemper virus infection of primary hippocampal cells induces increase in extracellular glutamate and neurodegeneration. | the canine distemper virus (cdv) belongs to the morbillivirus genus which includes important human pathogens like the closely related measles virus. cdv infection can reach the nervous system where it causes serious malfunctions. although this pathology is well described, the molecular events in brain infection are still poorly understood. here we studied infection in vitro by cdv using a model of dissociated cell cultures from newborn rat hippocampus. we used a recombinant cdv closely related t ... | 2007 | 17680994 |
| taqman based real time pcr for the quantification of canine distemper virus. | | 2007 | 17682890 |
| signal peptide and helical bundle domains of virulent canine distemper virus fusion protein restrict fusogenicity. | persistence in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection is correlated with very limited cell-cell fusion and lack of cytolysis induced by the neurovirulent a75/17-cdv compared to that of the cytolytic onderstepoort vaccine strain. we have previously shown that this difference was at least in part due to the amino acid sequence of the fusion (f) protein (p. plattet, j. p. rivals, b. zuber, j. m. brunner, a. zurbriggen, and r. wittek, virology 337:312-326, 2005). here, we investigated the molecular ... | 2007 | 17686846 |
| serosurvey of small carnivores in the bolivian chaco. | five species of bolivian carnivores, including nine geoffroy's cats (oncifelis geoffroyi), ten ocelots (leopardus pardalis), one jaguarundi (herpailurus yaguarondi), nine pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus), and five crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) were sampled between march 2001 and april 2005 and tested for antibodies to common pathogens of domestic carnivores. carnivores were trapped in three areas: a village, the region between human settlements and a protected area, and within kaa-iy ... | 2007 | 17699100 |
| disease duration determines canine distemper virus neurovirulence. | the morbillivirus hemagglutinin (h) protein mediates attachment to the target cell. to evaluate its contribution to canine distemper virus neurovirulence, we exchanged the h proteins of the wild-type strains 5804p and a75 and assessed the pathogenesis of the chimeric viruses in ferrets. both strains are lethal to ferrets; however, 5804p causes a 2-week disease without neurological signs, whereas a75 is associated with a longer disease course and neurological involvement. we observed that both h ... | 2007 | 17699577 |
| synergistic inhibition in cell-cell fusion mediated by the matrix and nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a chronic, demyelinating, progressive or relapsing neurological disease in dogs, because cdv persists in the cns. persistence of virulent cdv, such as the a75/17 strain has been reproduced in cell cultures where it is associated with a non-cytolytic infection with very limited cell-cell fusion. this is in sharp contrast to attenuated cdv infection in cell cultures, such as the onderstepoort (op) cdv strain, which produces extensive fusion activity and cytolysi ... | 2007 | 17706826 |
| totally synthetic peptide-based immunocontraceptive vaccines show activity in dogs of different breeds. | in this study we examine the immunogenicity of totally synthetic peptide-based immunocontraceptive vaccines in dogs. seven individual epitope-based vaccines were assembled in which a different t helper (t(h)) cell epitope derived from the sequence of f protein of canine distemper virus was synthesized in tandem with a peptide representing luteinising hormone releasing hormone (lhrh). each of the individual t(h)-lhrh peptide vaccines was inoculated subcutaneously into dogs. the results demonstrat ... | 2007 | 17825958 |
| internal hydrocephalus and associated periventricular encephalitis in a young fox. | marked lateral ventricular enlargement associated with atrophic cerebral cortex and periventricular encephalitis is described in a 2-month-old fox affected by disorientation, generalized ataxia, difficulty in walking, circling, and blindness. clinical conditions progressed to stupor and spontaneous death within a few days. at necropsy, severe inflammatory and necrotizing lesions were observed in periventricular sites associated with diverticula and cleft formation in perithalamic areas and rhine ... | 2007 | 17846249 |
| development of a challenge-protective vaccine concept by modification of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase of canine distemper virus. | we demonstrate that insertion of the open reading frame of enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) into the coding sequence for the second hinge region of the viral l (large) protein (rna-dependent rna polymerase) attenuates a wild-type canine distemper virus. moreover, we show that single intranasal immunization with this recombinant virus provides significant protection against challenge with the virulent parental virus. protection against wild-type challenge was gained either after recovery ... | 2007 | 17898047 |
| persistent organic pollutants (pops) in caspian seals of unusual mortality event during 2000 and 2001. | persistent organic pollutants including organochlorine pesticides, pcbs, and pcdds/dfs were determined in the blubber of caspian seals, which died during an outbreak of canine distemper virus in 2000 and 2001. ddts were the predominant contaminants that ranged from 3.1 to 560 microg/g lipid. a negative correlation was observed between concentration of contaminants and blubber thickness. during spring, as the blubber layer becomes thin after breeding and moulting, seals may face higher risk due t ... | 2008 | 17900768 |
| efficacy of therapeutic intervention with an oral ether-lipid analogue of cidofovir (cmx001) in a lethal mousepox model. | in the 21st century we are faced with the potential use of natural or recombinant varv and mpxv as biological weapons, and the emergence of human mpxv. such an occurrences would require therapeutic and prophylactic intervention with antivirals. cidofovir, an antiviral approved for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in aids patients, has activity against poxviruses, but must be administered intravenously and is associated with nephrotoxicity. an ether-lipid analogue of cdv, cmx001 (hdp-cd ... | 2008 | 17904231 |
| viruses as an etiology of obesity. | obesity is a serious chronic disease that has numerous etiologies. the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically since about 1980 in the united states and worldwide in both developed and developing countries. this rapid spread is compatible with an infectious origin. this review discusses the 5 animal viruses and 3 human viruses that have been shown to cause obesity and examines the evidence to date for virus-induced obesity. the obesogenic animal viruses include canine distemper virus, r ... | 2007 | 17908526 |
| vaccine coverage, herd immunity and occurrence of canine distemper from 1990-1996 in finland. | official vaccine sales statistics, the development of the young dog population and the takes of available vaccines were used to calculate the vaccine coverage and herd immunity (hi) against canine distemper, endemic during 1990-1993 and epidemic in 1994-1995 in finland. despite the satisfactory vaccine coverage, hi was no more than 50-65% in 1990-1993 because low-take vaccines dominated the market. replacement of the low-take with high-take vaccines in 1995 raised the hi to 90%, which coincided ... | 2007 | 17928108 |
| seroepizootiological survey for selected viral infections in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica) from western india. | infectious diseases have been responsible for large-scale declines in many endangered animals. disease outbreaks in small populations have probably led to the eventual extinction of such endangered animals in the wild. the endangered asiatic lion (panthera leo persica) population may also face such threats. this was evident from this study on captive asiatic lions from western india, which were sampled from december 1998 to march 1999. fifty-six asiatic lions, including 17 hybrid lions (afro-asi ... | 2007 | 17939348 |
| in vitro efficacy of ribavirin against canine distemper virus. | despite vaccination, canine distemper virus (cdv) remains one of the important pathogen of dogs with worldwide distribution. ribavirin (rib) inhibits replication of measles virus (mv), a morbillivirus closely related to cdv, both in vitro and in vivo. in this report the antiviral activity of rib against cdv in cell cultures was assessed. quantitative real-time rt-pcr was used to measure viral rna in vero cells infected by cdv and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of rib. rib caused a dose- and ... | 2008 | 17949825 |
| an immunochromatography assay for rapid antemortem diagnosis of dogs suspected to have canine distemper. | a new assay was developed for rapid and antemortem diagnosis of canine distemper (cd). this immunochromatography (ic)-based assay, which employs two monoclonal anti-cdv antibodies, was compared with nested pcr. when serial dilutions of purified cdv were tested, the cdv detection limits of the nested pcr and ic assays were 2 x 10(2)tcid(50)/ml and 5 x 10(2)tcid(50)/ml, respectively. nasal irrigation fluid, conjunctival swabs, and blood lymphocytes from 66 dogs suspected to have cd were tested. pr ... | 2008 | 17950910 |
| pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores. | emerging infectious diseases constitute some of the most pressing problems for both human and domestic animal health, and biodiversity conservation. currently it is not clear whether the removal of past constraints on geographical distribution and transmission possibilities for pathogens alone are sufficient to give rise to novel host-pathogen combinations, or whether pathogen evolution is also generally required for establishment in novel hosts. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a morbillivirus t ... | 2007 | 17956850 |
| vimentin-positive astrocytes in canine distemper: a target for canine distemper virus especially in chronic demyelinating lesions? | in canine distemper demyelinating leukoencephalitis (dl), caused by canine distemper virus (cdv), astrocytes represent the main virus target. in these cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) is the main intermediate filament, whereas vimentin occurs early in the astrocytic lineage and is replaced gradually by gfap. to further characterize the role of astrocytic infection in dogs with dl, an animal model for multiple sclerosis, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cerebella were investigated im ... | 2007 | 17965866 |
| high crmp2 expression in peripheral t lymphocytes is associated with recruitment to the brain during virus-induced neuroinflammation. | collapsin response mediator protein (crmp)-2 is involved in t-cell polarization and migration. to address the role of crmp2 in neuroinflammation, we analyzed its involvement in lymphocyte recruitment to the central nervous system in mouse infected with neurotropic and non-neurotropic virus strains (rabv, cdv). a sub-population of early-activated cd69+cd3+ t lymphocytes highly expressing crmp2 (crmp2hi) peaked in the blood, lymph nodes and brain of mice infected with neurotropic viruses, and corr ... | 2008 | 18006081 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of the putative canine distemper virus receptor cd150 in dogs with and without distemper. | signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) or cd150 can function as a receptor for the canine distemper virus (cdv) in vitro. the expression of slam was studied using immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of the receptor in dogs in vivo. additionally, receptor expression was assessed after experimental infection of dogs with cdv. in 7 control dogs without distemper virus, the receptor was found in various tissues, mostly on cells morphologically identified ... | 2007 | 18039911 |
| cidofovir and (s)-9-[3-hydroxy-(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine are highly effective inhibitors of vaccinia virus dna polymerase when incorporated into the template strand. | the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate drug (s)-9-[3-hydroxy-(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine [(s)-hpmpa], is a broad-spectrum antiviral and antiparasitic agent. previous work has shown that the active intracellular metabolite of this compound, (s)-hpmpa diphosphate [(s)-hpmpapp], is an analog of datp and targets dna polymerases. however, the mechanism by which (s)-hpmpa inhibits dna polymerases remains elusive. using vaccinia virus as a model system, we have previously shown that cidofovir diphos ... | 2008 | 18056278 |
| [immunohistochemical staining of the astrocytic expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in the central nervous system of dogs with canine distemper]. | considering that many aspects involved in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (cns) demyelinating diseases are still poorly understood and that astrocytes seem to mediate such processes, this study analyzed the participation of astrocytes in the demyelinating processes of cns by using immunohistochemical staining of two astrocytic proteins--glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and vimentin (vim)--comparing samples of cerebellum and brainstem from eight dogs with canine distemper and ... | 2007 | 18094879 |
| propagation of canine distemper virus on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated hen eggs. | | 1949 | 18146688 |
| three-year serologic immunity against canine parvovirus type 2 and canine adenovirus type 2 in dogs vaccinated with a canine combination vaccine. | a group of client-owned dogs and a group of dogs at a commercial kennel were evaluated for duration of antibody responses against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) after receiving a combination vaccine containing recombinant canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus (cdv) and modified-live cpv-2, cav-2, and canine parainfluenza virus, with (c6) or without (c4) two serovars of leptospira (recombitek c4 or c6, merial). duration of antibody, which correlates with ... | 2007 | 18183549 |
| the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the paramyxoviridae. | paramyxoviruses are responsible for considerable disease burden in human and wildlife populations: measles and mumps continue to affect the health of children worldwide, while canine distemper virus causes serious morbidity and mortality in a wide range of mammalian species. although these viruses have been studied extensively at both the epidemiological and the phylogenetic scales, little has been done to integrate these two types of data. using a bayesian coalescent approach, we infer the evol ... | 2008 | 18217182 |
| serosurvey of ex situ giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (ailurus fulgens) in china with implications for species conservation. | conservation strategies for the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) include the development of a self-sustaining ex situ population. this study examined the potential significance of infectious pathogens in giant pandas ex situ. serologic antibody titers against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus (cav), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leptospira interrogans were measur ... | 2007 | 18229861 |
| characterization of a cidofovir-resistant hhv-6 mutant obtained by in vitro selection. | cidofovir (cdv) was used for in vitro selection of a human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) mutant with decreased susceptibility to this drug. the resulting mutant was highly resistant to cdv as compared to its sensitive counterpart (inhibitory concentration 50% (ic50): 213 microm versus 1.8 microm). its replication fitness was not impaired. genotypic characterization of the resistant virus revealed a mutation in the u38 gene encoding the viral dna polymerase. the resulting r798i amino acid change was loca ... | 2008 | 18241936 |
| canine distemper virus strains circulating among north american dogs. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious virus that causes multisystemic disease in dogs. we received seven samples from dogs with cd from the united states during 2007. cdv isolates from these samples formed large, multinucleated syncytia in a vero cell line expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam). based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences, the cdv isolates from three states (california, missouri, and oklahoma) formed two cdv genetic groups: group i (major; ... | 2008 | 18256210 |
| penciclovir is a potent inhibitor of feline herpesvirus-1 with susceptibility determined at the level of virus-encoded thymidine kinase. | feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) is the causative agent of a severe ocular disease in cats for which a safe potent antiviral chemotherapeutic agent is highly demanded. the sensitivity of fhv-1 to inhibition by three anti-herpetic nucleoside analogues [acyclovir (acv), penciclovir (pcv) and cidofovir (cdv)] was tested by means of yield reduction assay. acv showed very poor ability to inhibit fhv-1 replication. at low multiplicity of infection (moi), both pcv and cdv were nearly equally effective with ... | 2008 | 18325606 |
| cd9 clustering and formation of microvilli zippers between contacting cells regulates virus-induced cell fusion. | members of the tetraspanin family including cd9 contribute to the structural organization and plasticity of the plasma membrane. k41, a cd9-specific monoclonal antibody, inhibits the release of hiv-1 and canine distemper virus (cdv)- but not measles virus (mv)-induced cell-cell fusion. we now report that k41, which recognizes a conformational epitope on the large extracellular loop of cd9, induces rapid relocation and clustering of cd9 in net-like structures at cell-cell contact areas. high-reso ... | 2008 | 18363777 |
| immunohistochemical distribution of alpha b-crystallin in the cerebellum of dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | the cerebella of 12 dogs infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) and those of three normal dogs were examined. the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was used to detect alphab-crystallin (alphab-c) immunoreactivity and immunolocalisation of the cdv antigen. cdv antigens, immunopositive astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and granular neurons were seen in both the white and grey matter of the infected dogs. in the controls, alphab-c immunopositive glial cells were seen in the white matter and ... | 2008 | 18401962 |
| functional interaction between paramyxovirus fusion and attachment proteins. | paramyxovirinae envelope glycoproteins constitute a premier model to dissect how specific and dynamic interactions in multisubunit membrane protein complexes can control deep-seated conformational rearrangements. however, individual residues that determine reciprocal specificity of the viral attachment and fusion (f) proteins have not been identified. we have developed an assay based on a pair of canine distemper virus (cdv) f proteins (strains onderstepoort (odp) and lederle) that share approxi ... | 2008 | 18426797 |
| serosurvey of pathogens in domestic dogs on the border of noël kempff mercado national park, bolivia. | the threat of disease transmission from domestic animals to wildlife has become recognized as an increasing concern within the wildlife community in recent years. domestic dogs pose a significant risk as reservoirs for infectious diseases, especially for wild canids. as part of a multifaceted ecologic study of maned wolves and other canids in the large, remote noël kempff mercado national park (nkmnp) in northeastern bolivia, 40 domestic dogs in two villages and at two smaller settlements border ... | 2008 | 18432094 |
| canine distemper virus in wild ferret-badgers of taiwan. | canine distemper is an acute or subacute, highly contagious, febrile disease that is caused by canine distemper virus (cdv). two cdv-infected wild taiwan ferret-badgers (melogale moschata subauantiaca) were found in kaohsiung county, southern taiwan, in 2005. each case was confirmed by detecting cdv rna in lung and brain tissues. a suspected third case was detected based on clinical signs and histology. these cases are the first record of wildlife infected by cdv in taiwan. it is believed that d ... | 2008 | 18436676 |
| immunophenotypical characterization of monocytes in canine distemper virus infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection induces multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system (cns). it is thought that the resident macrophages of the cns, the microglia, as well as invading monocytes associated with the inflammatory reaction may play a central role in the demyelinating process. to evaluate changes in peripheral monocytes in cdv infection their immunophenotype was characterized by flow cytometry during the course of an experimental cdv infection in dogs. the highest num ... | 2008 | 18472370 |
| isolation and characterization of cidofovir resistant vaccinia viruses. | the emergence of drug resistant viruses, together with the possibility of increased virulence, is an important concern in the development of new antiviral compounds. cidofovir (cdv) is a phosphonate nucleotide that is approved for use against cytomegalovirus retinitis and for the emergency treatment of smallpox or complications following vaccination. one mode of action for cdv has been demonstrated to be the inhibition of the viral dna polymerase. | 2008 | 18479513 |