Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [ferrets in veterinary practice]. | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) show up with increasing frequency in veterinary practice. originally domesticated for hunting of rodents and rabbits, they became very popular pets which require legal permission though and the further fulfillment of various husbandry needs. ferrets have to be maintained on a high protein diet which in practice is often done with commercial feline products. physical examination is similar to dogs and cats whereas the frequent occurrence of non-specific symptoms re ... | 2002 | 12481538 |
| natural distemper in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in warsaw. | two hundred and twenty-four dogs with clinical signs of distemper were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus (cdv) in mucous membranes by direct immunofluorescence assay. the study showed that 22% of the animals were cdv-positive. most (33/50; 66%) of the infected dogs had never been vaccinated against distemper, whereas only 11 of 50 (22%) cdv-positive animals were immunized at least once. the difference in the infection rate between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals was statist ... | 2002 | 12489707 |
| approaches in the understanding of morbillivirus neurovirulence. | certain members of the morbillivirus genus, canine distemper virus, phocine distemper virus, and the cetacean viruses of dolphins and porpoises exhibit high levels of central nervous system (cns) infection in their natural hosts. cns complications are rare for measles virus (mv) and are not associated with rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection. however, both rpv and pprv are neurovirulent in permissive murine strains. human postmortem tissue, neural cell cu ... | 2002 | 12491157 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of pnu-183792, a 4-oxo-dihydroquinoline, against human and animal herpesviruses. | we identified a novel class of 4-oxo-dihydroquinolines represented by pnu-183792 which specifically inhibit herpesvirus polymerases. pnu-183792 was highly active against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv, ic(50) value 0.69 microm), varicella zoster virus (vzv, ic(50) value 0.37 microm) and herpes simplex virus (hsv, ic(50) value 0.58 microm) polymerases but was inactive (ic(50) value >40 microm) against human alpha (alpha), gamma (gamma), or delta (delta) polymerases. in vitro antiviral activity again ... | 2002 | 11888654 |
| distemper outbreak and its effect on african wild dog conservation. | in december 2000, an infectious disease spread through a captive breeding group of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tanzania, killing 49 of 52 animals within 2 months. the causative agent was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv) by means of histologic examination, virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. this report emphasizes the importance of adequate protection against infectious diseases for the successful outcome of capt ... | 2002 | 11897078 |
| enhanced inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication in vitro by alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir. | the nucleotide phosphonates cidofovir (cdv) and cyclic cidofovir (ccdv) are potent antiviral compounds when administered parenterally but are not well absorbed orally. these compounds have been reported to have activity against orthopoxvirus replication in vitro and in animal models when administered parenterally or by aerosol. to obtain better oral activity, we synthesized a novel series of analogs of cdv and ccdv by esterification with two long-chain alkoxyalkanols, 3-hexadecyloxy-1-propanol ( ... | 2002 | 11897580 |
| elevated concentrations of trace elements in caspian seals (phoca caspica) found stranded during the mass mortality events in 2000. | concentrations of v, mn, fe, cr, co, cu, zn, as, se, mo, ag, cd, tl, hg, pb, and organic mercury (org-hg) were determined in liver, kidney, and muscle of healthy caspian seals ( phoca caspica) collected in 1998. these concentrations were compared with those of seals infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) found stranded along the coastal areas in 2000. concentrations of toxic elements (as, ag, cd, tl, hg, pb, and org-hg) in caspian seals stranded in 2000 were comparable or lower than those of ... | 2002 | 11910465 |
| organochlorine and organotin compounds in caspian seals (phoca caspica) collected during an unusual mortality event in the caspian sea in 2000. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine pesticides and organotin compounds were determined in the blubber and liver of caspian seals (phoca caspica) found stranded on the coast of the caspian sea during an outbreak of canine distemper virus (cdv) in 2000. among organochlorines analyzed, ddts were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 6.3 to 470 microg/g on a lipid-weight basis. caspian seals collected in 2000 during the epizootic had higher concentrations of or ... | 2002 | 11911523 |
| amino-terminal precursor sequence modulates canine distemper virus fusion protein function. | the fusion (f) proteins of most paramyxoviruses are classical type i glycoproteins with a short hydrophobic leader sequence closely following the translation initiation codon. the predicted reading frame of the canine distemper virus (cdv) f protein is more complex, with a short hydrophobic sequence beginning 115 codons downstream of the first aug. to verify if the sequence between the first aug and the hydrophobic region is translated, we produced a specific antiserum that indeed detected a sho ... | 2002 | 11932382 |
| influence of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus. | to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs by measuring postvaccinal serum concentrations of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus. | 2002 | 11939308 |
| increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lack of up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in early distemper cns lesions. | to investigate the pathogenesis of early lesions in canine distemper virus (cdv) leukoencephalomyelitis, the expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interferon (ifn)-gamma and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta and the housekeeping genes beta-actin and gapdh were studied using semi-quantitative rt-pcr. relative cytokine values were related to the degree of cdv infection, mhc class ii ... | 2002 | 11960638 |
| sequence analysis of measles virus nucleocapsid transcripts in patients with paget's disease. | it has been debated for almost 30 years whether paget's disease of bone results from paramyxoviral infection of osteoclasts (ocs). paramyxoviral-like nuclear inclusions are found in ocs from patients with paget's disease, and measles virus (mv) or canine distemper virus (cdv) messenger rna (mrna) transcripts have been detected by in situ hybridization in bone cells from pagetic lesions. furthermore, immunocytochemical studies have shown the presence of several paramyxoviral species in ocs from p ... | 2002 | 11771661 |
| central asia. caspian ecology teeters on the brink. | 2002 | 11799219 | |
| anti-insulin antibodies in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus. | the presence of anti-insulin antibodies was determined by elisa in serum samples from 30 diabetic dogs receiving bovine insulin therapy and 30 normoglycaemic dogs. twenty of the diabetic dogs had significant reactivity to both bovine (heterologous) and porcine (homologous) insulin compared to control dogs. in contrast there was no significant difference between the two populations in reactivity to canine distemper virus (cdv) or canine thyroglobulin. the high degree of correlation between anti-b ... | 2003 | 12507850 |
| a pilot study of cidofovir in patients with kaposi sarcoma. | a clinical trial was conducted to test the activity of cidofovir (cdv), a drug with in vitro activity against kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in ks. five patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated ks (4 receiving antiretroviral therapy) and 2 patients with classical ks were administered cdv (5 mg/kg/dose) weekly for 2 weeks and then every other week. all 7 patients had progression of their ks at a median of 8.1 weeks (range, 5-27 weeks). skin biopsy specimens of ks ... | 2003 | 12508160 |
| apoptosis in canine distemper. | canine distemper is a systemic viral disease characterized by immunosuppression followed by secondary infections. apoptosis is observed in several immunosuppressive diseases and its occurrence on canine distemper in vivo has not been published. in this study, the occurrence of apoptosis was determined in lymphoid tissues of thirteen naturally infected dogs and nine experimentally inoculated puppies. healthy dogs were used as negative controls. samples of lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and brain wer ... | 2003 | 12536301 |
| vaccination of puppies with a lipid-formulated plasmid vaccine protects against a severe canine distemper virus challenge. | we assessed whether the formulation of a dna vaccine expressing the canine distemper virus (cdv) hemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) immunogens with the cationic lipid dmrie-dope could induce serological responses and protection against a severe cdv challenge in the dog. although clear protection was observed in dogs vaccinated with formulated plasmids only limited cdv specific antibody titers were observed in protected dogs before challenge, suggesting that protection could be explained by cell-m ... | 2003 | 12559786 |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity specific for hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus in dogs. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) were evaluated in dogs using the replication-deficient adenovirus protein expression system. skin fibroblasts were isolated from two dogs and were infected with recombinant adenovirus bearing the cdv-h gene (ade-cdvh). ctl assay was performed using fibroblasts expressing cdv-h protein as target cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) collected from the same dogs one week after immunization of ... | 2003 | 12576714 |
| increased antiviral activity of 1-o-hexadecyloxypropyl-[2-(14)c]cidofovir in mrc-5 human lung fibroblasts is explained by unique cellular uptake and metabolism. | recently, there has been renewed interest in finding orally active drugs against smallpox. cidofovir (cdv) given by parenteral injection has been shown to protect against lethal poxvirus infection. we have been interested in the synthesis and evaluation of orally active derivatives of cdv. previous studies showed that the cdv and cyclic cidofovir (ccdv) analogs 1-o-hexa-decyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv) and 1-o-hexadecyloxypropyl-ccdv (hdp-ccdv), show >100-fold increases in antiviral activity versus ... | 2003 | 12606777 |
| canine distemper virus in river otters in british columbia as an emergent risk for coastal pinnipeds. | 2003 | 12625539 | |
| supplementation of food with enterococcus faecium (sf68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs. | the gut microflora play a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host, including maturation of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues during the first months of life. oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) modulates the immune system of humans and some laboratory animals. this effect has never been examined in dogs; therefore, our aim was to study the capacity of a probiotic lab to stimulate immune functions in young dogs. puppies were allotted to two groups recei ... | 2003 | 12672936 |
| canine distemper of vaccine origin in european mink, mustela lutreola--a case report. | cases of canine distemper (cd) related to vaccination of exotic carnivores extend over three decades and have been described in at least nine different species. our report describes a case of acute cd in a european mink, mustela lutreola, vaccinated with live attenuated cd vaccine licensed for use in fur-farmed mink. the male mink died of an acute grey matter disease with an unusually long incubation period. a female vaccinated at the same time showed no obvious signs of illness. the diagnosis w ... | 2003 | 12523990 |
| serologic survey for antibodies to canine distemper virus in collared peccary (tayassu tajacu) populations in arizona. | in 1989, a disease outbreak was observed among collared peccaries (javelina, tayassu tajacu) in southern arizona (usa) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was isolated from affected animals. subsequently, 364 sera were collected from hunter-harvested javelina over a 4 yr period (1993-96) and were tested for antibody to cdv. neutralizing antibody to cdv was detected in 58% of the serum samples suggesting that cdv infection is probably enzootic in the collared peccary populations of southern arizona. | 2003 | 12685087 |
| a comparison of in situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and in situ-rt-pcr for the detection of canine distemper virus rna in paget's disease. | previous evidence implicating paramyxoviruses in the aetiopathology of paget's disease of bone has proved controversial. whilst several groups have demonstrated paramyxoviruses using techniques such as in situ hybridisation (ish), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and in situ-rt-pcr (is-rt-pcr), others have found no evidence of viruses using only rt-pcr. to investigate this latter finding, we have now compared detection of canine distemper virus by ish, rt-pcr (three diff ... | 2003 | 12711070 |
| evaluation of oral and subcutaneous delivery of an experimental canarypox recombinant canine distemper vaccine in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni). | we assessed the safety and efficacy of an experimental canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus (cdv) subunit vaccine in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni), a close relative of the black-footed ferret, (m. nigripes), an endangered species that is highly susceptible to the virus. siberian polecats were randomized into six treatment groups. recombinant canine distemper vaccine was administered s.c. at three dose levels (10(4.5), 10(5.0), and 10(5.5) plaque-forming units [pfu] p ... | 2003 | 12723797 |
| a canine distemper outbreak in alaska: diagnosis and strain characterization using sequence analysis. | vaccination with modified-live vaccines has been very effective in reducing the incidence of canine distemper, a disease that can be devastating in unvaccinated populations. a diagnostic submission to the animal health diagnostic laboratory at michigan state university, east lansing, michigan, involved a case in which several hundred dogs in an alaskan town died in a suspected canine distemper outbreak. cytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with canine distemper ... | 2003 | 12735343 |
| determination of antiviral efficacy against lymphotropic herpesviruses utilizing flow cytometry. | epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv-6), and human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) comprise a group of lymphotropic herpesviruses which are responsible for a wide range of diseases, including lymphoproliferative disorders and tumors. we have developed several flow cytometric assay (facs) systems to evaluate antiviral efficacy against ebv, hhv-6 and hhv-8. assays using either ebv or hhv-8, members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, have shown that while ebv responds well to acyclovi ... | 2003 | 12742575 |
| [canine distemper virus--an agent looking for new hosts]. | canine distemper is caused by the canine distemper virus (cdv), a rna virus belonging to the genus morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae. the genus morbillivirus includes measles virus, rinderpest virus and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. the host spectrum of cdv, which includes numerous families of carnivores, has been changed in the last years and distemper-like diseases have been observed in numerous other species. these include epidemics in large felids, marine mammals and javelinas. ... | 2003 | 12756952 |
| evaluation of a dot elisa kit for measuring immunoglobulin m antibodies to canine parvovirus and distemper virus. | a dot elisa for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdc) and canine parvovirus (cpv) was assessed. the titres of igm antibodies to cdv and cpv in 100 dogs were measured by the immunocomb elisa kit and compared with the results derived from the immunofluorescence assay (ifa). there was a strong correlation between the results of the dot elisa technique and the ifa (p < 0.001). the dot elisa kit was also used to assess the changes in the levels of immunogl ... | 2003 | 12762487 |
| a new paraclinical csf marker for hypoxia-like tissue damage in multiple sclerosis lesions. | recent studies on the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis revealed a heterogeneity in the patterns of demyelination, suggesting interindividual differences in the mechanism responsible for myelin destruction. one of these patterns of demyelination, characterized by oligodendrocyte dystrophy and apoptosis, closely mimics myelin destruction in acute white matter ischaemia. in the course of a systematic screening for virus antigen expression in multiple sclerosis brains, we identified a monoclona ... | 2003 | 12764056 |
| broad spectrum anti-rna virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. | seven polyoxotungstates substituted with vanadium or titanium atoms were examined for their activity against flaviviridae (dengue fever virus, dfv), orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus type a, fluv-a), paramyxoviridae (respiratory syncytial virus, rsv, parainfluenza virus type 2, pfluv-2 and canine distemper virus, cdv) and lentiviridae (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) families. among the seven polyoxotungstates examined, pm-43 [k(5)[sivw(11)o(40)]], pm-47 [k(7)[bvw(11)o(40)]], and pm- ... | 2003 | 12767474 |
| phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses. | recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in rna viruses. however, observed recombination frequencies vary widely among those viruses studied to date, with only sporadic occurrences reported in rna viruses with negative-sense genomes. to determine the extent of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses, phylogenetic analyses of 79 gene sequence alignments from 35 negative-sense rna viruses (a total of 2154 sequences) were carried out. powe ... | 2003 | 13679603 |
| evaluation of nucleoside phosphonates and their analogs and prodrugs for inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication. | in the event of a bioterrorism attack using smallpox virus, there currently is no approved drug for the treatment of infections with this virus. we have reported previously that (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc) (also known as cidofovir [cdv]) has good activity against poxvirus infections; however, a major limitation is the requirement for intravenous administration. two related acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (anps), adefovir (pmea) and tenofovir (pmpa), are active ag ... | 2003 | 12821467 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of two strains of lion (panthera leo)-adapted canine distemper virus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) caused epizootics in lions (panthera leo) in tanzania's serengeti national park in 1994 and in captive lions and other panthera spp. in the usa in 1991-1992. in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to compare viral distribution in tissues collected from ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with one of the two lion-derived cdv isolates, either from serengeti (a94-11/13) or from california (a92-27/20). the california isolate resulted in severe morbidity in a ... | 2003 | 12824519 |
| mechanism of reduction of virus release and cell-cell fusion in persistent canine distemper virus infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a mobillivirus related to measles virus causes a chronic progressive demyelinating disease, associated with persistence of the virus in the central nervous system (cns). cns persistence of morbilliviruses has been associated with cell-to-cell spread, thereby limiting immune detection. the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread remains uncertain. in the present study we studied viral spread comparing a cytolytic (non-persistent) and a persistent cdv strain in cell cultures ... | 2003 | 12827396 |
| drug resistance patterns of recombinant herpes simplex virus dna polymerase mutants generated with a set of overlapping cosmids and plasmids. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna polymerase (pol) mutations can confer resistance to all currently available antiherpetic drugs. however, discrimination between mutations responsible for drug resistance and those that are part of viral polymorphism can be difficult with current methodologies. a new system is reported for rapid generation of recombinant hsv type 1 (hsv-1) dna pol mutants based on transfection of a set of overlapping viral cosmids and plasmids. with this approach, twenty hsv-1 recom ... | 2003 | 12829822 |
| mollusks as a natural reservoir of morbilliviruses. | 2003 | 12854417 | |
| apoptosis in the cerebellum of dogs with distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv) may induce multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system of infected dogs. the pathogenesis of this process is not clear. the present work identifies the presence of apoptotic cells in white and grey matter of dogs'cerebellum, naturally infected with cdv. fifteen dogs with clinical signs of canine distemper that tested positive for cdv nucleoprotein were used. brain specimens were processed and embedded in paraffin. sections 5 microm thick were stained with ... | 2003 | 12864896 |
| speaking out. | 2003 | 12873020 | |
| canine distemper, a re-emerging morbillivirus with complex neuropathogenic mechanisms. | paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide variety of diseases both in humans and in animals. common to many paramyxoviruses is the fact that they can cause neurological symptoms in their final host. newly discovered paramyxoviruses, such as the hendra and nipah viruses, show the same pattern of pathogenesis as that of the paramyxoviruses already known. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a well-studied member of the genus morbillivirus. study of the neuropathogenesis of cdv might give insight into ... | 2003 | 12885204 |
| sequence analysis of the fragment of the phosphoprotein gene of polish distemper virus isolates. | the nucleotide sequence analysis of the 429 bp fragment of the p gene of 11 polish field isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv), reference strains and other virus isolates available in the genbank was the aim of the studies. high homology between all dog strains from east-southern region of poland and reference strains of cdv was demonstrated. it was estimated as 97-100 % for cdv-ond; 96.7-99.8 % for cdv-rock; 96.7-99.8 % for cdv-led and 96.3-97.9 % for a75-17. the 100 % homology of the nucleo ... | 2003 | 12898335 |
| serologic survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from two ecologically distinct areas of utah. | the influence of habitat and associated prey assemblages on the prevalence of canine diseases in coyotes (canis latrans) has received scant attention. from december 1997 through december 1999, we captured 67 coyotes in two ecologically distinct areas of utah (usa): deseret land and livestock ranch and us army dugway proving ground. these areas differ in habitat and prey base. we collected blood samples and tested for evidence of various canine diseases. prevalence of antibodies against canine pa ... | 2003 | 12910777 |
| histidine at position 61 and its adjacent amino acid residues are critical for the ability of slam (cd150) to act as a cellular receptor for measles virus. | signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam, also known as cd150), a membrane glycoprotein involved in lymphocyte activation, has two extracellular immunoglobulin superfamily domains, v and c2. it has been shown previously that human slam is a cellular receptor for measles virus (mv) and that its v domain is necessary and sufficient for receptor function. although mouse slam has functional and structural similarity to human slam, it hardly acts as a receptor for mv. by producing human/mouse ... | 2003 | 12917459 |
| phase-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in demyelinating canine distemper encephalitis. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are zinc- and calcium-dependent enzymes that cleave molecules of the extracellular matrix, and thus are able to open the blood-brain-barrier and affect myelin. their inhibitors (timps) are important candidates for the therapy of demyelinating diseases. to establish an immunohistochemical profile of mmp and timp expression in plaque variants in dogs with spontaneous demyelinating distemper encephalitis, paraffin-embedded cerebella were studied employing the avidin ... | 2003 | 12920537 |
| esterification of cidofovir with alkoxyalkanols increases oral bioavailability and diminishes drug accumulation in kidney. | smallpox was eradicated by vaccination in the 1970s. however, concerns have arisen about the potential use of variola virus as a biological weapon. most of the world's population has little residual immunity because systematic vaccination against smallpox ceased in the early 1970s. vaccination of key elements of the population against smallpox is again being considered. however, there are now large numbers of persons who cannot be safely vaccinated with the current vaccine because of aids, immun ... | 2003 | 12927306 |
| efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper virus in vero cells expressing canine slam (cd150) and their adaptability to marmoset b95a cells. | we have previously shown that canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam; also known as cd150) acts as a cellular receptor for canine distemper virus (cdv). in this study, we established vero cells stably expressing canine slam (vero.dogslamtag cells). viruses were isolated in vero.dogslamtag cells one day after inoculation with spleen samples from five out of seven dogs with distemper. by contrast, virus isolation with reportedly sensitive marmoset b95a cells was only successful from ... | 2003 | 12941904 |
| canine distemper virus infection: proliferation of canine footpad keratinocytes. | the proliferation of footpad keratinocytes of canine distemper virus (cdv)-infected dogs was investigated. footpads of 19 dogs inoculated experimentally with a virulent distemper strain (a75/17) and of two noninoculated control dogs were collected at necropsy. dogs were divided into four groups according to results of the postmortem examination: dogs with severe distemper (group 1), dogs with mild distemper (group 2), inoculated dogs without distemper (group 3) and noninoculated dogs (group 4). ... | 2003 | 12949417 |
| sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus: editing of the gene transcript. | the gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the vaccine strain of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus (nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain) has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence been determined. this gene is 1655 nucleotides long and encodes two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). translation from the first aug would produce a polypeptide of 509 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 54.9 kda, the longest of the published morbillivirus p proteins. translation from the second aug ... | 2003 | 12951268 |
| incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with distemper or rabies vaccine: 143 cases (1995-2001). | to determine the incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with a modified-live avian cell culture canine distemper virus vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, an inactivated rabies vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, or both. | 2003 | 12959385 |
| n-linked glycans with similar location in the fusion protein head modulate paramyxovirus fusion. | n-linked glycans not only orchestrate the folding and intracellular transport of viral glycoproteins but also modulate their function. we have characterized the three glycans attached to fusion (f) proteins of the morbilliviruses canine distemper virus and measles virus. the individual morbillivirus glycans have similar functional properties: the glycan at position 68 is essential for protein transport, and those at positions 36 and 75 modulate fusion (numbering according to the newcastle diseas ... | 2003 | 12970405 |
| changes in the receptorbinding haemagglutinin protein of wild-type morbilliviruses are not required for adaptation to vero cells. | we examined the consequences of isolation and adaptation to vero cells for the receptorbinding haemagglutinin (h) gene of four syncytia-forming isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) and of a dolphin morbillivirus isolate. a vero-adapted cdv isolate exhibited biased hypermutation, since 11 out of 12 nucleotide differences to other isolates from the same epidemic were u-c transitions. most of these transitions appeared to have taken place during in vitro cultivation. previously, biased hypermut ... | 2003 | 14501193 |
| comparison of hsv-1 thymidine kinase-dependent and -independent inhibition of replication-competent adenoviral vectors by a panel of drugs. | replication-competent adenoviral vectors hold the promise to be more efficient gene delivery vehicles than their replication-deficient counterparts, but they are also associated with a higher risk for adverse effects, especially in light of the fact that there is no established effective therapy for serious, disseminated adenovirus infection. to assess whether the therapeutic options to inhibit adenoviral replication can be enhanced by expressing a suicide gene, we examined the antiadenoviral ef ... | 2003 | 14502232 |
| efficacy of multiple- or single-dose cidofovir against vaccinia and cowpox virus infections in mice. | orthopoxviruses, including variola and monkeypox, pose risks to human health through natural transmission or potential bioterrorist activities. since vaccination has not recently been utilized for control of these infections, there is renewed effort in the development of antiviral agents not only for postexposure smallpox therapy but also for treatment of adverse reactions following vaccination. the objectives of this study were to expand on the results of others that cidofovir (cdv) is effectiv ... | 2003 | 14506041 |
| non-cytocidal infection of keratinocytes by canine distemper virus in the so-called hard pad disease of canine distemper. | a late, but not uncommon sequel to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of dogs is thickening of footpads and nasal planum, the so-called hard pad disease, originally described as vacuolar degeneration of epidermal keratinocytes with inclusion body formation and massive hyperkeratosis. however, in a recent study of footpads of naturally cdv-infected dogs only hyperkeratosis was observed without any of the other changes. instead, acanthosis was frequently noticed. cdv nucleoprotein was present ... | 2003 | 14519333 |
| molecular analysis of the np gene of italian cdv isolates. | 2003 | 14535429 | |
| another interpretation of ferret's reaction to vaccination. | 2003 | 14584736 | |
| detection of canine distemper virus antigen in canine serum and its application to diagnosis. | canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen was detected in the serum of dogs by an elisa and the results of this assay were compared with an anti-cdv immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody test. in paired sera from 26 naturally infected dogs, the antigen-positive rate was 26.9 per cent at the first examination and 11.5 per cent at the second examination two to three weeks later. the antigen was detected in three of the 10 dogs which were negative for anti-cdv igm antibody at the first examination. it could a ... | 2003 | 14601797 |
| a ferret model of canine distemper virus virulence and immunosuppression. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects many carnivores, including ferrets and dogs, and is the member of the morbillivirus genus most easily amenable to experimentation in a homologous small-animal system. to gain insights into the determinants of cdv pathogenesis, we isolated a strain highly virulent for ferrets by repeated passaging in these animals. sequence comparison of the genome of this strain with that of its highly attenuated precursor revealed 19 mutations distributed almost evenly in th ... | 2003 | 14610181 |
| interaction of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the n-terminus of canine distemper virus fusion protein with phospholipid vesicles: a biophysical study. | the f protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) is a classic type i glycoprotein formed by two polypeptides, f1 and f2. the n-terminal regions of the f1 polypeptides of cdv, measles virus and other paramyxoviruses present moderate to high homology, supporting the existence of a high conservation within these structures, which emphasises its role in viral-host cell membrane fusion. this n-terminal polypeptide is usually termed the fusion peptide. the fusion peptides of most viral fusion-mediating g ... | 2003 | 14643933 |
| correction of a large animal model of type i glanzmann's thrombasthenia by nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation. | the purpose of this study was to determine if nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation would induce stable hematopoietic chimerism that would correct the bleeding diathesis associated with type i glanzmann's thrombasthenia (gt). | 2003 | 14662345 |
| [molecular-genetic comparison of morbilliviruses which caused epizooty in baikal (phoca siberica) and caspian (phoca caspica) seals]. | the nucleotide sequences were determined for a phosphoprotein gene fragment of canine distemper virus (cdv) by using the rt-pcr method with the subsequent sequencing of amplicons from total rna isolated from 2 samples of caspian seals, 15 samples of baikal seals and from samples of dog's and sea-lion's brains. the above materials were phylogenetically analyzed. the heterogeneity of the virus circulating in the baikal-seal population was demonstrated. morbillivirus, that caused epizooty in caspia ... | 2003 | 14664160 |
| unusual manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy in two irish wolfhound siblings. | in hepatic encephalopathy the brain lesions are usually characterised by polymicrocavitation, preferentially in the white matter, and the occurrence of alzheimer type ii cells. this paper describes an unusual manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy in two irish wolfhound siblings in which the white matter was not involved predominantly. both puppies had developed progressive neurological disturbances and signs of blindness. histologically, there were widespread spongiform changes in the neuropil ... | 2003 | 14682542 |
| canine parvovirus enteritis, canine distemper, and major histocompatibility complex genetic variation in mexican wolves. | the endangered mexican wolf (canis lupus baileyi) was recently reintroduced into arizona and new mexico (usa). in 1999 and 2000, pups from three litters that were part of the reintroduction program died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. overall, half (seven of 14) of the pups died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. the parents and their litters were analyzed for variation at the class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene drb1. similar mhc genes are related ... | 2003 | 14733289 |
| clinical toxoplasma gondii, hammondia heydorni, and sarcocystis spp. infections in dogs. | concurrent infections with coccidians toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., and a hammondia heydorni-like parasite were identified in tissues of three littermate pups on a kelpie dog breeding farm in australia. in total, 20 pups in four litters had died following vaccination with an attenuated distemper virus vaccine. toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified immunohistochemically in tissues of two dogs. sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were seen in the intestinal lamina propria of two dogs. asexua ... | 2003 | 15267102 |
| immunization with plasmid dna encoding the hemagglutinin and the nucleoprotein confers robust protection against a lethal canine distemper virus challenge. | we have investigated the protective effect of immunization of a highly susceptible natural host of canine distemper virus (cdv) with dna plasmids encoding the viral nucleoprotein (n) and hemagglutinin (h). the combined intradermal and intramuscular routes of immunization elicited high virus-neutralizing serum antibody titres in mink (mustela vison). to mimic natural exposure, we also conducted challenge infection by horizontal transmission from infected contact animals. other groups received a l ... | 2004 | 15315843 |
| involvement of apoptosis in syncytial cell death induced by canine distemper virus. | the yanaka strain, a field isolate of canine distemper virus (cdv), caused extensive syncytial cytopathic effects (cpes) followed by cell death in vitro. syncytium formation is an important aspect of cdv pathogenicity, but the mechanism of the fusion-induced cell death is still not understood. in this study, the involvement of apoptosis in the cdv-induced cpe was investigated. we also examined apoptosis in cells infected with a persistent strain of cdv, the yanaka-bp strain derived from the yana ... | 2004 | 15325517 |
| oral treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. | to improve the oral bioavailability of cidofovir (cdv), a series of ether lipid ester prodrugs were synthesized and evaluated for activity against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. four of these analogs, hexadecyloxypropyl (hdp)-cdv, octadecyloxyethyl (ode)-cdv, oleyloxyethyl (ole)-cdv, and oleyloxypropyl (olp)-cdv, were found to have greater activity than cdv against human cmv and mcmv in vitro. the efficacy of oral treatment with these compounds against mcmv infections in balb/c mice wa ... | 2004 | 15328119 |
| contribution of pathogens in human obesity. | obesity is increasing rapidly in the united states as well as in other countries. the world health organization considers obesity a worldwide epidemic that poses a major public health threat. in humans, obesity causes or exacerbates a number of other diseases and co-morbidities. etiology of obesity includes genetic, metabolic, social, behavioral and cultural factors. although obesity has multiple causes, an often overlooked possibility is that of obesity due to an infection. over the past two de ... | 2004 | 15334180 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| specific alteration of the expression of selected hypothalamic neuropeptides during acute and late mouse brain infection using a morbillivirus: relevance to the late-onset obesity? | neurotropic viruses are involved in pathologies of the central nervous system, triggering transient or irreversible disorders, such as neurological diseases or homeostasis imbalance. in experimental animals, viruses have been shown to cause obesity, a complex disease depending on multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental components. using a mouse model of virally induced obesity following brain infection by the canine distemper virus (cdv), a morbillivirus closely rela ... | 2004 | 15353227 |
| cidofovir for treating adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | adenovirus (adv) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. we treated 16 patients with adv hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) following hsct with cidofovir (cdv; 1 mg/kg/day, three times weekly for 3 weeks). patients included 10 males and six females with a median age of 50 years (range 10-62). two of the 16 patients were unevaluable because of early death from nonadenoviral causes. cdv therapy cleared adv from urine in 12 of 14 pa ... | 2004 | 15361907 |
| antibodies to canine distemper and phocine distemper viruses in polar bears from the canadian arctic. | serum samples collected from 200 polar bears (ursus marititnus) from two populations in the canadian arctic, the western hudson bay and lancaster sound populations, between 1989 and 1996, were tested for antibodies to canine distemper (cdv) and phocine distemper viruses (pdv) using virus neutralization. antibodies to cdv and pdv were detected in 48 and six polar bears, respectively. all six bears that tested positive for pdv also tested positive for cdv; in only one case did the antibody titer f ... | 2004 | 15362838 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion canine distemper vaccine in african wild dogs. | the immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against canine distemper virus was evaluated in nine captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). antibody levels were determined by neutralization test in vero cells. no significant local or systemic adverse reactions were observed in the animals. virus neutralizing antibody levels >1:20 were detected, especially in animals that were vaccinated twice. the use of oil adjuvants is suggested as a good way to enhance the immune response to ina ... | 2004 | 15362839 |
| tropism illuminated: lymphocyte-based pathways blazed by lethal morbillivirus through the host immune system. | the immunosuppressive properties of morbilliviruses including measles and canine distemper virus (cdv) are well known, but the host cells supporting infection are poorly characterized. to identify these cells, a recombinant cdv expressing green fluorescent protein was produced by reverse genetics based on a wild-type strain lethal for ferrets. this recombinant virus fully retained virulence and blazed three lymphocyte-based pathways through the immune system of its host: first, it infected rapid ... | 2004 | 15377791 |
| immunohistochemical investigation of cerebellum in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | the cerebella of 21 dogs with canine distemper virus (cdv) infection and four normal dogs were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. cerebella of cdv-infected dogs showed nonsuppurative demyelinating encephalomyelitis, classified as acute, subacute or chronic. immunolocalisation of cdv antigen also confirmed the infection. tissues were examined for co-localisation of the cdv antigen with either an astrocyte-specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), or an oligoden ... | 2004 | 15379447 |
| longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | in this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), respiratory disease was endemic. tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. the development of pcr assays for the detection of cpiv, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (chv) is d ... | 2004 | 15472304 |
| genetically distant american canine distemper virus lineages have recently caused epizootics with somewhat different characteristics in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the usa. | mortality rates have differed during distemper outbreaks among free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) living around a large chicago-area zoo, and appeared higher in year 2001 than in 1998 and 2000. we hypothesized that a more lethal variant of the local canine distemper virus (cdv) lineage had emerged in 2001, and sought the genetic basis that led to increased virulence. however, a more complex model surfaced during preliminary analyses of cdv genomic sequences in infected tissues and of virus is ... | 2004 | 15507154 |
| multidisciplinary task force tackles chicago distemper outbreak. questions raised about vaccinations. | 2004 | 15552296 | |
| efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model. | cidofovir (cdv) is a highly effective inhibitor of orthopoxvirus replication and may be used intravenously to treat smallpox or complications arising from the smallpox vaccine under an investigational new drug application (ind). however, cdv is absorbed poorly following oral administration and is inactive orally. to improve the bioavailability of cdv, others synthesized alkoxyalkanol esters of cdv and observed >100-fold more activity than unmodified cdv against cowpox, vaccinia, and variola viru ... | 2004 | 14972516 |
| lymphoid apoptosis in acute canine distemper. | the relationship between the canine distemper virus (cdv) infection and apoptosis in the canine lymphoid tissues was investigated using immunostaining for single stranded dna (ssdna), tdt-mediated dutp-biotin nick end-labeling (tunel) method, and electron microscopy. twenty-six lymphoid tissues from 8 spontaneously cdv-infected dogs and 1 non-infected dog were used, and lesions were classified into 4 groups according to frequency of the cdv-antigen. histologically, the degree of lymphoid depleti ... | 2004 | 15031546 |
| recovery of a persistent canine distemper virus expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein from cloned cdna. | wild-type a75/17-canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly virulent strain, which induces a persistent infection in the central nervous system (cns) with demyelinating disease. wild-type a75/17-cdv, which is unable to replicate in cell lines to detectable levels, was adapted to grow in vero cells and was designated a75/17-v. sequence comparison between the two genomes revealed seven nucleotide differences located in the phosphoprotein (p), the matrix (m) and the large (l) genes. the p gene is pol ... | 2004 | 15041182 |
| canine distemper virus in a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus). | 2004 | 15068043 | |
| effective primary isolation of wild-type canine distemper virus in mdck, mv1 lu and vero cells without nucleotide sequence changes within the entire haemagglutinin protein gene and in subgenomic sections of the fusion and phospho protein genes. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an important pathogen of many carnivores. we are developing a field-based model of morbillivirus virulence and pathogenesis through a study of distemper in naturally infected free-ranging raccoons. the isolation of cdv from raccoon tissues is essential for this work. cdv has often been isolated from animals only after co-cultivation of infected tissues with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from specific pathogen-free dogs or similar methods. we explored ... | 2004 | 15081610 |
| comparison of one-step rt-pcr and a nested pcr for the detection of canine distemper virus in clinical samples. | to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of canine distemper virus (cdv) by nested pcr using clinical specimens. | 2004 | 15088966 |
| inhibitory activity of alkoxyalkyl and alkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir against orthopoxvirus replication in vitro. | a new series of ether lipid esters of cidofovir (cdv) were evaluated against vaccinia and cowpox viruses. activity was dependent on number of atoms in the alkyl or alkoxyalkyl chain, the linker moiety, and the presence of a double bond in the alkoxyalkyl chains linked to the phosphonate moiety of cdv. | 2004 | 15105146 |
| search for morbillivirus proteins in multiple sclerosis brain tissue. | we investigated brain samples of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and controls with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against canine distemper virus (cdv) and measles virus (mv) proteins. all stained negative except for moab f3-5, which recognises a conserved epitope on the fusion protein of morbilliviruses. f3-5 immunostaining was found in 8/9 ms plaques and 2/5 herpes simplex virus encephalitis brain samples, but not in six controls or four patients with ischaemic s ... | 2004 | 15106826 |
| antibody titres against canine distemper virus in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs. | 2004 | 15107034 | |
| serum antibody titres to canine parvovirus, adenovirus and distemper virus in dogs in the uk which had not been vaccinated for at least three years. | antibody titres to canine distemper (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine adenovirus (cav) were measured in 144 adult dogs that had not been vaccinated for between three and 15 years. protective antibodies to cpv were present in 95 per cent of the population, to cdv in 71.5 per cent and to cav in 82 per cent. the prevalence of protective titres did not decrease with increasing time interval from the last vaccination for any of the three diseases studied. booster vaccination increased the dog ... | 2004 | 15119729 |
| determination and phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in dogs with nervous symptoms in turkey. | in the present study, canine distemper virus (cdv) was investigated in 20 dogs having nervous signs arousing the clinical suspicion of canine distemper (cd). a total of 13 animals (65%) were stray dogs and had no accurate record about the vaccination history. clinical examinations revealed that the majority (85%) of the animals showed systemic form characterised by predominantly nervous symptoms accompanied by mild respiratory system signs whilst the remaining cases (15%) recorded mainly respira ... | 2004 | 15119793 |
| effects of four antiviral substances on lethal vaccinia virus (ihd strain) respiratory infections in mice. | intranasal infection of balb/c mice with the ihd strain of vaccinia virus was found to cause pneumonia, profound weight loss and death. cidofovir, hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (hdp-cdv), the diacetate ester prodrug of 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine (hoe961), and ribavirin were used to treat the infections starting 24h after virus exposure. single intraperitoneal (i.p.) cidofovir treatments of 100 and 30 mg/kg led to 90-100% survival compared with no survivors in the placebo gr ... | 2004 | 15120719 |
| role of actin microfilaments in canine distemper virus replication in vero cells. | several studies have indicated that viruses require a specific cytoskeletal structure for replication in host cells. in this study, we examined the role of actin fiber in the replication of canine distemper virus (cdv), belonging to the morbillivirus genus of the family paramyxoviridae. for this purpose, we used two actin depolymerizing agents, cytochalasin-d (c-d) and mycalolide-b (ml-b). in vero cells, c-d disrupted actin fibers distributed in the cytosol, but peripheral actin fibers remained ... | 2004 | 15133271 |
| distemper virus as a cause of central nervous disease and death in badgers (meles meles) in denmark. | during the summer of 2002 a distemper-like disease was observed in the free-ranging badger population in denmark. it was characterised by grand seizures, abnormal behaviour and death; the badgers all had severe chronic pneumonia and some had non-suppurative encephalomyelitis. in this study, eight of the affected badgers were examined by gross pathological, histological, immunohistological, bacteriological, parasitological and virological methods, and were diagnosed with distemper; canine distemp ... | 2004 | 15134165 |
| antibodies to canine and feline viruses in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in the masai mara national reserve. | spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) are abundant predators in the serengeti ecosystem and interact with other species of wild carnivores and domestic animals in ways that could encourage disease transmission. hyenas also have a unique hierarchical social system that might affect the flow of pathogens. antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline panleukopenia virus/canine parvovirus (fplv/cpv), feline coronavirus/ feline infectious peritonitis virus (fecv/ ... | 2004 | 15137483 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| retrospective differentiation of canine distemper virus and phocine distemper virus in phocids. | formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from one caspian seal (phoca caspica), one harp seal (phoca groenlandica), one hooded seal (cystophora cristata), and one harbor seal (phoca vitulina vitulina) were used to compare the utility of immunohistochemistry (ihc) versus that of a novel seminested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect and differentiate canine distemper virus (cdv) and phocine distemper virus (pdv). four antibodies made against pdv were able to detect ... | 2004 | 15137488 |
| canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel. | an outbreak of canine distemper in a kennel of german shepherds in the province of bari is reported. six 42-day-old pups developed typical signs of canine distemper (fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and enteritis) and died within 7-10 days. neurological symptoms were observed only in one pup. four additional pups, which had shown no sign of illness, were separated and vaccinated, but two of these developed a severe, fatal nervous form 15 days later. post-mortem examination, carried ou ... | 2004 | 15164629 |
| cutaneous infections of mice with vaccinia or cowpox viruses and efficacy of cidofovir. | orthopoxviruses, including smallpox, monkeypox and molluscipox, pose risks to human health through bioterrorist acts or natural transmission. there is no approved therapy for orthopoxvirus infections; however, cidofovir (cdv) has been approved as an investigational new drug for emergency treatment of adverse effects following smallpox vaccination. for evaluation of new therapies directed against orthopoxvirus infections, we have utilized immunocompetent, hairless mice (skh-1) inoculated by a cut ... | 2004 | 15196818 |
| canine distemper virus infection of canine footpad epidermis. | infection of the footpad epidermis can occur in natural canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of dogs. footpads from 19 dogs experimentally inoculated with virulent distemper strain a75/17 and from two nonexposed dogs were examined histopathologically and assessed for the presence of viral antigen and nucleoprotein mrna, as well as number of inflammatory and apoptotic cells. dogs were divided into four groups based on inoculation status and postmortem examination: inoculated dogs with severe di ... | 2004 | 15214952 |
| up-regulation of cytokeratin expression in canine distemper virus-infected canine footpad epidermis. | cytokeratin expression was assessed in footpad epidermis from dogs using immunohistochemistry. four groups of dogs were studied: dogs with experimentally induced distemper and with canine distemper virus (cdv) in footpad epidermis (group 1, n = 7); dogs with experimentally induced distemper and without cdv in footpad epidermis (group 2, n = 4); inoculated dogs without distemper and without cdv in the footpad epidermis (group 3, n = 8), and noninoculated dogs without distemper (group 4, n = 2). n ... | 2004 | 15214953 |