| [autotransfusion with ultraviolet-irradiated blood in dogs with distemper; action of ozone on canine distemper virus and on rabbit myxomatosis virus]. | | 1954 | 13171739 |
| canine distemper virus in the ferret. | | 1955 | 13263452 |
| studies on a neutralizing antibody against canine distemper virus found in man. | | 1955 | 13273120 |
| appearance in children's sera of substances capable of neutralizing canine distemper virus; preliminary report. | | 1956 | 13313142 |
| a complement-fixing antigen from egg-adapted canine distemper virus. | | 1956 | 13334524 |
| neutralisation of canine-distemper virus by serum of patients convalescent from measles. | | 1957 | 13464060 |
| evaluation of a combined vaccine consisting of modified canine distemper virus and modified infectious canine hepatitis virus for simultaneous immunization of dogs. | | 1958 | 13537587 |
| the propagation of canine distemper virus in tissue culture. | | 1959 | 13620792 |
| investigations on neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus in human serum from different countries. | | 1959 | 13626578 |
| propagation of canine distemper virus in tissue culture. | | 1959 | 13634205 |
| phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses. | recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in rna viruses. however, observed recombination frequencies vary widely among those viruses studied to date, with only sporadic occurrences reported in rna viruses with negative-sense genomes. to determine the extent of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses, phylogenetic analyses of 79 gene sequence alignments from 35 negative-sense rna viruses (a total of 2154 sequences) were carried out. powe ... | 2003 | 13679603 |
| relationship between complement fixing antibodies against measles virus and canine distemper virus. | | 1960 | 13688353 |
| [a study of the immunological relation between measles and canine distemper viruses. i. infection of puppies with canine distemper virus following experimental measles]. | | 1960 | 13741175 |
| experimental studies on canine distemper virus (cdv). report 1. experiment on the isolation of the virus in mice and embroyonated eggs and the relation of the mouse-adapted cdv to mouse-fixed measles virus and others. | | 1959 | 13794010 |
| influence of amount of test virus on quantitative in ovo canine distemper virus neutralization test. | | 1962 | 13909325 |
| the virus of canine distemper. | | 1962 | 13947908 |
| the effect of methotrexate on the production of antibodies against attenuated distemper virus in the dog. | | 1963 | 13981060 |
| [activities neutralizing carre's virus by the serum of healthy individuals and those with measles]. | | 1963 | 13949808 |
| an attempt to demonstrate the minimal number (estimated by probit analysis) of biological units of chicken embryo-propagated distemper virus required to immunize ferrets and minks. | | 1962 | 13979536 |
| [investigations of immunization in carre's disease]. | | 1962 | 13979156 |
| canine distemper virus in chick embryo cell culture. plaque assay, growth, and stability. | | 1962 | 14017328 |
| the ultrastructure of canine distemper virus. | | 1963 | 14046081 |
| [research on the comparative activity of the hydrochloride of n1-n1 anhydro-bis (beta-hydroxyethyl) biguanide. hcl (abob) on the influenza virus and various animal viruses]. | | 1963 | 14069332 |
| [investigations on the mechanism of immunity to measles]. | | 1963 | 14119909 |
| effects of high concentration of penicillin on canine distemper virus in chick embryos. | | 1964 | 14140878 |
| adaptation of a strain of egg-adapted canine distemper virus to weanling and adult hamsters. | | 1964 | 14141526 |
| response of ferrets and mink to vaccination with chicken embryo-adapted distemper virus. ii. interference phenomenon and duration of resistance. | | 1964 | 14184621 |
| the development of a continuous cell line from normal dog liver and its susceptibility to viruses. lf-10. | | 1963 | 14163348 |
| experimental encephalomyelitis: its relation to disseminated sclerosis. | | 1964 | 14171876 |
| comparative cytopathology of canine distemper and measles viruses in ferret kidney cell cultures. | | 1964 | 14184624 |
| canine distemper virus cultured in a diploid monkey cell strain. | | 1964 | 14191600 |
| a study of inactivated distemper virus in the dog. | | 1965 | 14284447 |
| simultaneous growth of rabies and canine distemper viruses in chick embryos. | rabies virus and canine distemper virus were grown simultaneously, and possibly symbiotically, in the same chick embryos. there seemed to be no adverse effect on either virus when cultured in such manner.bivalent vaccines for rabies and canine distemper were produced. the potencies and the virus titers of such vaccines were comparable to those of rabies vaccine and canine distemper vaccine produced separately. | 1965 | 14290942 |
| errors in distemper virus titrations performed in embryonated eggs. | | 1964 | 14314773 |
| a study of the antigenic relationship between human measles virus and canine distemper virus. | | 1965 | 14299038 |
| tissue culture of canine distemper virus. | | 1965 | 14320637 |
| methods of determining immunity, duration and character of immunity resulting from measles. | | 1965 | 14322862 |
| propagation of canine distemper virus in suckling hamsters. | | 1955 | 14357387 |
| cytopathic effect of canine distemper virus in tissue culture. | a characteristic cytopathic effect was obtained with canine distemper virus (onderstepoort strain) propagated in chick embryo fibroblast monolayer tissue culture. in limiting dilutions the lesions were focal. the titer at the 20th tissue culture passage was approximately 10(5) tcd(50)/ml. cytopathogenicity was specifically inhibited by distemper immune serum. minute plaques were produced under agar overlay. | 1959 | 14404613 |
| subclinical infection of dogs by canine-adapted measles virus evidenced by their subsequent immunity to canine distemper virus. | moura, roberto a. (chas. pfizer and company, inc., terre haute, ind.) and joel warren. subclinical infection of dogs by canine-adapted measles virus evidenced by their subsequent immunity to canine distemper virus. j. bacteriol. 82:702-705. 1961.-young dogs were inoculated with virulent measles virus which had been adapted to canine kidney or human amnion cell culture. none of the animals showed any clinical symptoms nor could virus be isolated from the blood, although measles-neutralizing and c ... | 1961 | 14476677 |
| antibody response of man to canine distemper virus. | | 1960 | 14422596 |
| an attenuated strain of canine distemper virus in tissue culture. | | 1959 | 14438106 |
| stability of egg-adapted canine distemper virus in the fluid state. | | 1962 | 14486473 |
| changes in the receptorbinding haemagglutinin protein of wild-type morbilliviruses are not required for adaptation to vero cells. | we examined the consequences of isolation and adaptation to vero cells for the receptorbinding haemagglutinin (h) gene of four syncytia-forming isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) and of a dolphin morbillivirus isolate. a vero-adapted cdv isolate exhibited biased hypermutation, since 11 out of 12 nucleotide differences to other isolates from the same epidemic were u-c transitions. most of these transitions appeared to have taken place during in vitro cultivation. previously, biased hypermut ... | 2003 | 14501193 |
| comparison of hsv-1 thymidine kinase-dependent and -independent inhibition of replication-competent adenoviral vectors by a panel of drugs. | replication-competent adenoviral vectors hold the promise to be more efficient gene delivery vehicles than their replication-deficient counterparts, but they are also associated with a higher risk for adverse effects, especially in light of the fact that there is no established effective therapy for serious, disseminated adenovirus infection. to assess whether the therapeutic options to inhibit adenoviral replication can be enhanced by expressing a suicide gene, we examined the antiadenoviral ef ... | 2003 | 14502232 |
| efficacy of multiple- or single-dose cidofovir against vaccinia and cowpox virus infections in mice. | orthopoxviruses, including variola and monkeypox, pose risks to human health through natural transmission or potential bioterrorist activities. since vaccination has not recently been utilized for control of these infections, there is renewed effort in the development of antiviral agents not only for postexposure smallpox therapy but also for treatment of adverse reactions following vaccination. the objectives of this study were to expand on the results of others that cidofovir (cdv) is effectiv ... | 2003 | 14506041 |
| non-cytocidal infection of keratinocytes by canine distemper virus in the so-called hard pad disease of canine distemper. | a late, but not uncommon sequel to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of dogs is thickening of footpads and nasal planum, the so-called hard pad disease, originally described as vacuolar degeneration of epidermal keratinocytes with inclusion body formation and massive hyperkeratosis. however, in a recent study of footpads of naturally cdv-infected dogs only hyperkeratosis was observed without any of the other changes. instead, acanthosis was frequently noticed. cdv nucleoprotein was present ... | 2003 | 14519333 |
| molecular analysis of the np gene of italian cdv isolates. | | 2003 | 14535429 |
| another interpretation of ferret's reaction to vaccination. | | 2003 | 14584736 |
| detection of canine distemper virus antigen in canine serum and its application to diagnosis. | canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen was detected in the serum of dogs by an elisa and the results of this assay were compared with an anti-cdv immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody test. in paired sera from 26 naturally infected dogs, the antigen-positive rate was 26.9 per cent at the first examination and 11.5 per cent at the second examination two to three weeks later. the antigen was detected in three of the 10 dogs which were negative for anti-cdv igm antibody at the first examination. it could a ... | 2003 | 14601797 |
| a ferret model of canine distemper virus virulence and immunosuppression. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects many carnivores, including ferrets and dogs, and is the member of the morbillivirus genus most easily amenable to experimentation in a homologous small-animal system. to gain insights into the determinants of cdv pathogenesis, we isolated a strain highly virulent for ferrets by repeated passaging in these animals. sequence comparison of the genome of this strain with that of its highly attenuated precursor revealed 19 mutations distributed almost evenly in th ... | 2003 | 14610181 |
| detection of canine distemper virus (cdv) through one step rt-pcr combined with nested pcr. | a one step reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) combined nested pcr was set up to increase efficiency in the diagnosis of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection after developement of nested pcr. two pcr primer sets were designed based on the sequence of nucleocapsid gene of cdv onderstepoort strain. one-step rt-pcr with the outer primer pair was revealed to detect 10(2) pfu/ml. the sensitivity was increased hundredfold using the one-step rt-pcr combined with the nested pcr. specificity of the pcr ... | 2001 | 14614296 |
| interaction of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the n-terminus of canine distemper virus fusion protein with phospholipid vesicles: a biophysical study. | the f protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) is a classic type i glycoprotein formed by two polypeptides, f1 and f2. the n-terminal regions of the f1 polypeptides of cdv, measles virus and other paramyxoviruses present moderate to high homology, supporting the existence of a high conservation within these structures, which emphasises its role in viral-host cell membrane fusion. this n-terminal polypeptide is usually termed the fusion peptide. the fusion peptides of most viral fusion-mediating g ... | 2003 | 14643933 |
| correction of a large animal model of type i glanzmann's thrombasthenia by nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation. | the purpose of this study was to determine if nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation would induce stable hematopoietic chimerism that would correct the bleeding diathesis associated with type i glanzmann's thrombasthenia (gt). | 2003 | 14662345 |
| [molecular-genetic comparison of morbilliviruses which caused epizooty in baikal (phoca siberica) and caspian (phoca caspica) seals]. | the nucleotide sequences were determined for a phosphoprotein gene fragment of canine distemper virus (cdv) by using the rt-pcr method with the subsequent sequencing of amplicons from total rna isolated from 2 samples of caspian seals, 15 samples of baikal seals and from samples of dog's and sea-lion's brains. the above materials were phylogenetically analyzed. the heterogeneity of the virus circulating in the baikal-seal population was demonstrated. morbillivirus, that caused epizooty in caspia ... | 2003 | 14664160 |
| unusual manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy in two irish wolfhound siblings. | in hepatic encephalopathy the brain lesions are usually characterised by polymicrocavitation, preferentially in the white matter, and the occurrence of alzheimer type ii cells. this paper describes an unusual manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy in two irish wolfhound siblings in which the white matter was not involved predominantly. both puppies had developed progressive neurological disturbances and signs of blindness. histologically, there were widespread spongiform changes in the neuropil ... | 2003 | 14682542 |
| duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs. | to determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination. | 2004 | 14710876 |
| histopathology and immunohistochemistry of canine distemper virus-induced footpad hyperkeratosis (hard pad disease) in dogs with natural canine distemper. | hard pad disease represents an uncommon manifestation of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection with a still uncertain pathogenesis. to study the pathogenesis of this uncommon, virally induced cutaneous lesion, the footpads of 19 dogs with naturally occurring distemper were investigated for histologic changes and distribution pattern of cdv antigen. all dogs displayed clinical signs of distemper, which had lasted from 10 to 75 days. overt digital hyperkeratosis was observed in 12 animals (group ... | 2004 | 14715962 |
| cetacean-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice respond to vaccination with canine distemper vaccine. | morbillivirus infections have been responsible for mass mortalities in several species of marine mammals. nevertheless, relatively little is known on the pathogenesis of the disease and the immune response to the agent, especially in cetaceans, hindering the treatment of individuals and the development of appropriate vaccines, given the difficulty of performing experimental work in marine mammals. the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice, which do not have the ability to ... | 2004 | 14741136 |
| canine parvovirus enteritis, canine distemper, and major histocompatibility complex genetic variation in mexican wolves. | the endangered mexican wolf (canis lupus baileyi) was recently reintroduced into arizona and new mexico (usa). in 1999 and 2000, pups from three litters that were part of the reintroduction program died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. overall, half (seven of 14) of the pups died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. the parents and their litters were analyzed for variation at the class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene drb1. similar mhc genes are related ... | 2003 | 14733289 |
| early dna vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the presence of maternally derived immunity. | canine distemper (cd) is a disease in carnivores caused by cd virus (cdv), a member of the morbillivirus genus. it still is a threat to the carnivore and ferret population. the currently used modified attenuated live vaccines have several drawbacks of which lack of appropriate protection from severe infection is the most outstanding one. in addition, puppies up to the age of 6-8 weeks cannot be immunized efficiently due to the presence of maternal antibodies. in this study, a dna prime modified ... | 2004 | 14741156 |
| oral treatment of cowpox and vaccinia virus infections in mice with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. | four newly synthesized ether lipid esters of cidofovir (cdv), hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv), octadecyloxyethyl-cdv (ode-cdv), oleyloxypropyl-cdv (olp-cdv), and oleyloxyethyl-cdv (ole-cdv), were found to have enhanced activities against vaccinia virus (vv) and cowpox virus (cv) in vitro compared to those of cdv. the compounds were administered orally and were evaluated for their efficacies against lethal cv or vv infections in mice. hdp-cdv, ode-cdv, and ole-cdv were effective at preventing mo ... | 2004 | 14742188 |
| recovery of a persistent canine distemper virus expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein from cloned cdna. | wild-type a75/17-canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly virulent strain, which induces a persistent infection in the central nervous system (cns) with demyelinating disease. wild-type a75/17-cdv, which is unable to replicate in cell lines to detectable levels, was adapted to grow in vero cells and was designated a75/17-v. sequence comparison between the two genomes revealed seven nucleotide differences located in the phosphoprotein (p), the matrix (m) and the large (l) genes. the p gene is pol ... | 2004 | 15041182 |
| the use of an egg-adapted modified canine distemper virus vaccine under experimental conditions and in the field. | | 1951 | 14836268 |
| lymphoid apoptosis in acute canine distemper. | the relationship between the canine distemper virus (cdv) infection and apoptosis in the canine lymphoid tissues was investigated using immunostaining for single stranded dna (ssdna), tdt-mediated dutp-biotin nick end-labeling (tunel) method, and electron microscopy. twenty-six lymphoid tissues from 8 spontaneously cdv-infected dogs and 1 non-infected dog were used, and lesions were classified into 4 groups according to frequency of the cdv-antigen. histologically, the degree of lymphoid depleti ... | 2004 | 15031546 |
| efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model. | cidofovir (cdv) is a highly effective inhibitor of orthopoxvirus replication and may be used intravenously to treat smallpox or complications arising from the smallpox vaccine under an investigational new drug application (ind). however, cdv is absorbed poorly following oral administration and is inactive orally. to improve the bioavailability of cdv, others synthesized alkoxyalkanol esters of cdv and observed >100-fold more activity than unmodified cdv against cowpox, vaccinia, and variola viru ... | 2004 | 14972516 |
| effective primary isolation of wild-type canine distemper virus in mdck, mv1 lu and vero cells without nucleotide sequence changes within the entire haemagglutinin protein gene and in subgenomic sections of the fusion and phospho protein genes. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an important pathogen of many carnivores. we are developing a field-based model of morbillivirus virulence and pathogenesis through a study of distemper in naturally infected free-ranging raccoons. the isolation of cdv from raccoon tissues is essential for this work. cdv has often been isolated from animals only after co-cultivation of infected tissues with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from specific pathogen-free dogs or similar methods. we explored ... | 2004 | 15081610 |
| canine distemper virus in a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus). | | 2004 | 15068043 |
| comparison of one-step rt-pcr and a nested pcr for the detection of canine distemper virus in clinical samples. | to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of canine distemper virus (cdv) by nested pcr using clinical specimens. | 2004 | 15088966 |
| inhibitory activity of alkoxyalkyl and alkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir against orthopoxvirus replication in vitro. | a new series of ether lipid esters of cidofovir (cdv) were evaluated against vaccinia and cowpox viruses. activity was dependent on number of atoms in the alkyl or alkoxyalkyl chain, the linker moiety, and the presence of a double bond in the alkoxyalkyl chains linked to the phosphonate moiety of cdv. | 2004 | 15105146 |
| search for morbillivirus proteins in multiple sclerosis brain tissue. | we investigated brain samples of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and controls with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against canine distemper virus (cdv) and measles virus (mv) proteins. all stained negative except for moab f3-5, which recognises a conserved epitope on the fusion protein of morbilliviruses. f3-5 immunostaining was found in 8/9 ms plaques and 2/5 herpes simplex virus encephalitis brain samples, but not in six controls or four patients with ischaemic s ... | 2004 | 15106826 |
| serum antibody titres to canine parvovirus, adenovirus and distemper virus in dogs in the uk which had not been vaccinated for at least three years. | antibody titres to canine distemper (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine adenovirus (cav) were measured in 144 adult dogs that had not been vaccinated for between three and 15 years. protective antibodies to cpv were present in 95 per cent of the population, to cdv in 71.5 per cent and to cav in 82 per cent. the prevalence of protective titres did not decrease with increasing time interval from the last vaccination for any of the three diseases studied. booster vaccination increased the dog ... | 2004 | 15119729 |
| antibody titres against canine distemper virus in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs. | | 2004 | 15107034 |
| determination and phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in dogs with nervous symptoms in turkey. | in the present study, canine distemper virus (cdv) was investigated in 20 dogs having nervous signs arousing the clinical suspicion of canine distemper (cd). a total of 13 animals (65%) were stray dogs and had no accurate record about the vaccination history. clinical examinations revealed that the majority (85%) of the animals showed systemic form characterised by predominantly nervous symptoms accompanied by mild respiratory system signs whilst the remaining cases (15%) recorded mainly respira ... | 2004 | 15119793 |
| effects of four antiviral substances on lethal vaccinia virus (ihd strain) respiratory infections in mice. | intranasal infection of balb/c mice with the ihd strain of vaccinia virus was found to cause pneumonia, profound weight loss and death. cidofovir, hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (hdp-cdv), the diacetate ester prodrug of 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine (hoe961), and ribavirin were used to treat the infections starting 24h after virus exposure. single intraperitoneal (i.p.) cidofovir treatments of 100 and 30 mg/kg led to 90-100% survival compared with no survivors in the placebo gr ... | 2004 | 15120719 |
| role of actin microfilaments in canine distemper virus replication in vero cells. | several studies have indicated that viruses require a specific cytoskeletal structure for replication in host cells. in this study, we examined the role of actin fiber in the replication of canine distemper virus (cdv), belonging to the morbillivirus genus of the family paramyxoviridae. for this purpose, we used two actin depolymerizing agents, cytochalasin-d (c-d) and mycalolide-b (ml-b). in vero cells, c-d disrupted actin fibers distributed in the cytosol, but peripheral actin fibers remained ... | 2004 | 15133271 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| retrospective differentiation of canine distemper virus and phocine distemper virus in phocids. | formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from one caspian seal (phoca caspica), one harp seal (phoca groenlandica), one hooded seal (cystophora cristata), and one harbor seal (phoca vitulina vitulina) were used to compare the utility of immunohistochemistry (ihc) versus that of a novel seminested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect and differentiate canine distemper virus (cdv) and phocine distemper virus (pdv). four antibodies made against pdv were able to detect ... | 2004 | 15137488 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| distemper virus as a cause of central nervous disease and death in badgers (meles meles) in denmark. | during the summer of 2002 a distemper-like disease was observed in the free-ranging badger population in denmark. it was characterised by grand seizures, abnormal behaviour and death; the badgers all had severe chronic pneumonia and some had non-suppurative encephalomyelitis. in this study, eight of the affected badgers were examined by gross pathological, histological, immunohistological, bacteriological, parasitological and virological methods, and were diagnosed with distemper; canine distemp ... | 2004 | 15134165 |
| canine distemper virus infection of canine footpad epidermis. | infection of the footpad epidermis can occur in natural canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of dogs. footpads from 19 dogs experimentally inoculated with virulent distemper strain a75/17 and from two nonexposed dogs were examined histopathologically and assessed for the presence of viral antigen and nucleoprotein mrna, as well as number of inflammatory and apoptotic cells. dogs were divided into four groups based on inoculation status and postmortem examination: inoculated dogs with severe di ... | 2004 | 15214952 |
| up-regulation of cytokeratin expression in canine distemper virus-infected canine footpad epidermis. | cytokeratin expression was assessed in footpad epidermis from dogs using immunohistochemistry. four groups of dogs were studied: dogs with experimentally induced distemper and with canine distemper virus (cdv) in footpad epidermis (group 1, n = 7); dogs with experimentally induced distemper and without cdv in footpad epidermis (group 2, n = 4); inoculated dogs without distemper and without cdv in the footpad epidermis (group 3, n = 8), and noninoculated dogs without distemper (group 4, n = 2). n ... | 2004 | 15214953 |
| antibodies to canine and feline viruses in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in the masai mara national reserve. | spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) are abundant predators in the serengeti ecosystem and interact with other species of wild carnivores and domestic animals in ways that could encourage disease transmission. hyenas also have a unique hierarchical social system that might affect the flow of pathogens. antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline panleukopenia virus/canine parvovirus (fplv/cpv), feline coronavirus/ feline infectious peritonitis virus (fecv/ ... | 2004 | 15137483 |
| cutaneous infections of mice with vaccinia or cowpox viruses and efficacy of cidofovir. | orthopoxviruses, including smallpox, monkeypox and molluscipox, pose risks to human health through bioterrorist acts or natural transmission. there is no approved therapy for orthopoxvirus infections; however, cidofovir (cdv) has been approved as an investigational new drug for emergency treatment of adverse effects following smallpox vaccination. for evaluation of new therapies directed against orthopoxvirus infections, we have utilized immunocompetent, hairless mice (skh-1) inoculated by a cut ... | 2004 | 15196818 |
| canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel. | an outbreak of canine distemper in a kennel of german shepherds in the province of bari is reported. six 42-day-old pups developed typical signs of canine distemper (fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and enteritis) and died within 7-10 days. neurological symptoms were observed only in one pup. four additional pups, which had shown no sign of illness, were separated and vaccinated, but two of these developed a severe, fatal nervous form 15 days later. post-mortem examination, carried ou ... | 2004 | 15164629 |
| canine distemper virus and measles virus fusion glycoprotein trimers: partial membrane-proximal ectodomain cleavage enhances function. | the trimeric fusion (f) glycoproteins of morbilliviruses are activated by furin cleavage of the precursor f(0) into the f(1) and f(2) subunits. here we show that an additional membrane-proximal cleavage occurs and modulates f protein function. we initially observed that the ectodomain of approximately one in three measles virus (mv) f proteins is cleaved proximal to the membrane. processing occurs after cleavage activation of the precursor f(0) into the f(1) and f(2) subunits, producing f(1a) an ... | 2004 | 15254162 |
| microglial cell activation in demyelinating canine distemper lesions. | microglia cells are the principal immune effector elements of the brain responding to any pathological event. to elucidate the possible role of microglia in initial non-inflammatory demyelination in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection, microglia from experimentally cdv infected dogs were isolated ex vivo by density gradient centrifugation and characterized immunophenotypically and functionally using flow cytometry. results from dogs with demyelinating lesions were compared to results from rec ... | 2004 | 15265670 |
| clinical toxoplasma gondii, hammondia heydorni, and sarcocystis spp. infections in dogs. | concurrent infections with coccidians toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., and a hammondia heydorni-like parasite were identified in tissues of three littermate pups on a kelpie dog breeding farm in australia. in total, 20 pups in four litters had died following vaccination with an attenuated distemper virus vaccine. toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified immunohistochemically in tissues of two dogs. sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were seen in the intestinal lamina propria of two dogs. asexua ... | 2003 | 15267102 |
| contribution of pathogens in human obesity. | obesity is increasing rapidly in the united states as well as in other countries. the world health organization considers obesity a worldwide epidemic that poses a major public health threat. in humans, obesity causes or exacerbates a number of other diseases and co-morbidities. etiology of obesity includes genetic, metabolic, social, behavioral and cultural factors. although obesity has multiple causes, an often overlooked possibility is that of obesity due to an infection. over the past two de ... | 2004 | 15334180 |
| immunization with plasmid dna encoding the hemagglutinin and the nucleoprotein confers robust protection against a lethal canine distemper virus challenge. | we have investigated the protective effect of immunization of a highly susceptible natural host of canine distemper virus (cdv) with dna plasmids encoding the viral nucleoprotein (n) and hemagglutinin (h). the combined intradermal and intramuscular routes of immunization elicited high virus-neutralizing serum antibody titres in mink (mustela vison). to mimic natural exposure, we also conducted challenge infection by horizontal transmission from infected contact animals. other groups received a l ... | 2004 | 15315843 |
| involvement of apoptosis in syncytial cell death induced by canine distemper virus. | the yanaka strain, a field isolate of canine distemper virus (cdv), caused extensive syncytial cytopathic effects (cpes) followed by cell death in vitro. syncytium formation is an important aspect of cdv pathogenicity, but the mechanism of the fusion-induced cell death is still not understood. in this study, the involvement of apoptosis in the cdv-induced cpe was investigated. we also examined apoptosis in cells infected with a persistent strain of cdv, the yanaka-bp strain derived from the yana ... | 2004 | 15325517 |
| cidofovir for treating adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | adenovirus (adv) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. we treated 16 patients with adv hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) following hsct with cidofovir (cdv; 1 mg/kg/day, three times weekly for 3 weeks). patients included 10 males and six females with a median age of 50 years (range 10-62). two of the 16 patients were unevaluable because of early death from nonadenoviral causes. cdv therapy cleared adv from urine in 12 of 14 pa ... | 2004 | 15361907 |
| antibodies to canine distemper and phocine distemper viruses in polar bears from the canadian arctic. | serum samples collected from 200 polar bears (ursus marititnus) from two populations in the canadian arctic, the western hudson bay and lancaster sound populations, between 1989 and 1996, were tested for antibodies to canine distemper (cdv) and phocine distemper viruses (pdv) using virus neutralization. antibodies to cdv and pdv were detected in 48 and six polar bears, respectively. all six bears that tested positive for pdv also tested positive for cdv; in only one case did the antibody titer f ... | 2004 | 15362838 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion canine distemper vaccine in african wild dogs. | the immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against canine distemper virus was evaluated in nine captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). antibody levels were determined by neutralization test in vero cells. no significant local or systemic adverse reactions were observed in the animals. virus neutralizing antibody levels >1:20 were detected, especially in animals that were vaccinated twice. the use of oil adjuvants is suggested as a good way to enhance the immune response to ina ... | 2004 | 15362839 |
| tropism illuminated: lymphocyte-based pathways blazed by lethal morbillivirus through the host immune system. | the immunosuppressive properties of morbilliviruses including measles and canine distemper virus (cdv) are well known, but the host cells supporting infection are poorly characterized. to identify these cells, a recombinant cdv expressing green fluorescent protein was produced by reverse genetics based on a wild-type strain lethal for ferrets. this recombinant virus fully retained virulence and blazed three lymphocyte-based pathways through the immune system of its host: first, it infected rapid ... | 2004 | 15377791 |
| immunohistochemical investigation of cerebellum in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | the cerebella of 21 dogs with canine distemper virus (cdv) infection and four normal dogs were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. cerebella of cdv-infected dogs showed nonsuppurative demyelinating encephalomyelitis, classified as acute, subacute or chronic. immunolocalisation of cdv antigen also confirmed the infection. tissues were examined for co-localisation of the cdv antigen with either an astrocyte-specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), or an oligoden ... | 2004 | 15379447 |
| oral treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. | to improve the oral bioavailability of cidofovir (cdv), a series of ether lipid ester prodrugs were synthesized and evaluated for activity against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. four of these analogs, hexadecyloxypropyl (hdp)-cdv, octadecyloxyethyl (ode)-cdv, oleyloxyethyl (ole)-cdv, and oleyloxypropyl (olp)-cdv, were found to have greater activity than cdv against human cmv and mcmv in vitro. the efficacy of oral treatment with these compounds against mcmv infections in balb/c mice wa ... | 2004 | 15328119 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| specific alteration of the expression of selected hypothalamic neuropeptides during acute and late mouse brain infection using a morbillivirus: relevance to the late-onset obesity? | neurotropic viruses are involved in pathologies of the central nervous system, triggering transient or irreversible disorders, such as neurological diseases or homeostasis imbalance. in experimental animals, viruses have been shown to cause obesity, a complex disease depending on multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental components. using a mouse model of virally induced obesity following brain infection by the canine distemper virus (cdv), a morbillivirus closely rela ... | 2004 | 15353227 |
| longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | in this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), respiratory disease was endemic. tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. the development of pcr assays for the detection of cpiv, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (chv) is d ... | 2004 | 15472304 |