| biological properties of a canine distemper virus isolate associated with demyelinating encephalomyelitis. | a canine distemper virus (cdv), designated r252, originally recovered from a dog with demyelinating encephalomyelitis was shown to reproduce this disease in gnotobiotic dogs with a high incidence as compared to other cdv strains, which produced an acute fatal infection. in this investigation, r252 was propagated for the first time in vero cells and compared to two known strains of cdv, snyder-hill (sh) and onderstepoort (ond). the results of this study revealed that intracellular r252 accumulate ... | 1975 | 47310 |
| [lymphocyte stimulation tests using measles and distemper virus antigens in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. | | 1975 | 50570 |
| a canine distemper model of virus-induced anergy. | for development of an animal model of virus-induced anergy, the effect of canine distemper virus (cdv) upon cell-mediated immunity in dogs was investigated. first, canine cutaneous reactions and in vitro lymphocyte responses to soluble protein antigens were characterized. dogs immunized with picryl guinea pig albumin and with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (both in complete freund's adjuvant) responded reproducibly to intracutaneous challenge with these antigens. reactivity peaked in 20-40 days (maxi ... | 1976 | 57199 |
| multiple sclerosis and canine distemper. | | 1978 | 76140 |
| canine distemper virus and multiple sclerosis. | serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (m.s.), patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (s.s.p.e.), and controls were examined for virus-neutralising antibodies against measles virus (m.v.) and 2 strains of canine distemper virus (c.d.v.). m.s. and s.s.p.e. patients had higher m.v. antibody titres than controls. in contrast, no significant differences were observed in mean c.d.v.-neutralising antibody titres between m.s. patients and controls. the results, though obtained f ... | 1978 | 77418 |
| multiple sclerosis, canine distemper, and measles immunisation. | | 1978 | 77968 |
| possible initiation of viral encephalomyelitis in dogs by migrating lymphocytes infected with distemper virus. | the principal pathways by which viruses spread to the central nervous system (c.n.s.) are considered to be direct invasion along peripheral nerves or the haematogenous route. the latter is thought to involve passive transfer or active replication of virus in c.n.s. endothelial cells. in this study histological evidence of mild perivascular encephalomyelitis was found 8-10 days after infection of dogs with canine distemper virus (c.d.v.). c.d.v. antigen and viral nucleocapsids were detectable in ... | 1978 | 78387 |
| isolation of an infectious agent from bone-marrows of patients with multiple sclerosis. | bone-marrow aspirates from 5 patients with recent episodes of multiple sclerosis (m.s.) contained increased numbers of plasma cells, and aspirates from 3 of these patients contained atypical reticulum cells. when bone-marrow from 4 of the patients was inoculated into cell cultures a cytopathic effect (c.p.e.) was observed, and this effect could be serially passaged to further cultures. the c.p.e. was not observed when ether-treated extracts of cells showing c.p.e. were used for passage or when t ... | 1978 | 79758 |
| multiple sclerosis and canine distemper in iceland. | iceland offers a favourable opportunity to examine the suggested relationship between canine distemper and multiple sclerosis. distemper is not enzootic in iceland and distemper immunisation is not practised. however, importations result in occasional epizootics, three of which have occurred since 1909. careful enumeration of multiple sclerosis indicates that there were 129 cases during the period 1946--65. when these cases are subdivided into six regions, by place of birth, regional period-prev ... | 1978 | 82686 |
| multiple sclerosis and canine distemper in iceland. | | 1979 | 85027 |
| antibody responses in the cerebrospinal fulid of cynomolgus monkeys after intracerebral inoculation with paramyxoviruses. | cynomolgus monkeys with or without measles antibody were intracerebrally inoculated with measles or canine distemper viruses, and antibody responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were investigated. in measles antibody-free monkeys, natural infection with wild measles virus or intracerebral inoculations with two attenuated measles vaccines evoked primary antibody responses to measles virus in the sera but not in the csf. in measles-immune monkeys, intracerebral inoculation with the tycsa strai ... | 1979 | 106009 |
| pathology of measles virus infection of the nervous system: comparison with multiple sclerosis. | | 1979 | 110718 |
| a new plaque system for canine distemper: characteristics of the green strain of canine distemper virus. | a vero cell adapted green strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) was tested for its plaque-forming capacity in different cell lines. plaque formation was observed in hep-2, bs-c-1, and hela cells but not in vero or dog kidney cells even though replication and cytopathology were observed in the latter cell types. in the cells in which the virus was capable of producing plaques, the plaques were observed within 24 h post infection and continued to increase in size with subsequent cellular destruct ... | 1979 | 113067 |
| immune mechanisms against canine distemper. ii. role of antibody in antigen modulation and prevention of intercellular and extracellular spread of canine distemper virus. | specific antibody was shown to be highly effective in neutralizing extracellular canine distemper virus (cdv) as well as preventing the intercellular spread of this virus. thus, relatively low levels of antibody neutralized 1 x 10(5) tcid50 of extracellular cdv and the development of plaques or cpe in hep-2 and vero cells respectively could be prevented even when up to 5% of the cells were infected. this inhibition of cpe and virus spread was most pronounced when antibody was added early but cou ... | 1979 | 118114 |
| newer knowledge in comparative virology--its contribution to human health research. | like other comparative sciences, and despite its recent beginning comparative virology has already contributed useful applications and observations to human health research. teachings derived from the study of marek's disease found application in that of burkitt's lymphoma, and may lead to a possible vaccine against the human disease. equally useful information came from the study of canine distemper in the development of a chorio-allantoic membrane attenuated measles vaccine, and in our knowled ... | 1975 | 167504 |
| the possible viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. | | 1975 | 175649 |
| genesis and maintenance of a persistent infection by canine distemper virus. | vero cells were persistently infected with canine distemper virus by continuous undiluted passage of virus harvests. the cells were refractory to superinfection by both measles virus and canine distemper virus. these persistently infected cells produced and released into the medium a labile component which had a potent and selective inhibitory effect on the replication of canine distemper and measles virus. the inhibitory agent was not inactivated by u.v.-irradiation or sedimented by ultracentri ... | 1976 | 184239 |
| experiements with an inactivated hepatitis leptospirosis vaccine in vaccination programmes for dogs. | a fluid adjuvanted vaccine consisting of inactivated hepatitis virus (ih) and leptospirae antigens (l) was developed. the vaccine (kavak ihl; duphar) was tested in several vaccination programmes both alone and in combination with freeze dried measles (m) or distemper (d) vaccines. the results demonstrate that this new vaccine is also effective in pups with maternally derived antibodies, although a second vaccination at 14 weeks of age is recommended to boost the first vaccination. for the booste ... | 1977 | 196386 |
| critical factors of the vacuum-oven technique which influence the estimation of moisture in veterinary biologics. | when striving toward standardization of lyophilized products, it is often difficult to correlate biological characteristics and residual-moisture content because of the great variety of assay procedures being used to estimate residual moisture. even when moisture assays are performed according to the same general assay procedure, there are often subtle differences that cause large variations in results. critical factors of the vacuum-oven technique such as: homogeneity and number of samples, siz ... | 1976 | 198320 |
| an attenuated mink enteritis virus and its use in a trivalent vaccine: studies on safety and antigenicity. | | 1977 | 200331 |
| a study of dogs with kennel cough. | a detailed study of a population of dogs with kennel cough was undertaken. twenty-seven (77 per cent) of a total of 35 dogs had pathological evidence of respiratory disease in the form of tracheobronchitis with, in some animals, exudative pneumonia. a variety of viral and bacterial agents were isolated from the respiratory tract of diseased dogs but bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus sv-5 appeared to be the most significant organisms recovered. | 1978 | 207006 |
| decrease in platelet count after vaccination with distemper-hepatitis (dh) vaccine. | | 1978 | 211690 |
| virus infection in demyelinating diseases. | several animal and human demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (cns) are associated with rna or dna viruses. these viruses infect cns cells lytically or persistently. they mainly belong to the group of envelope viruses which derive their envelope partly from the host cell membrane. the process of virus release may result in the appearance of new antigens of virus-infected cells or the incorporation of cell membrane material into the viral envelope. these changes may lead to an imm ... | 1978 | 211825 |
| canine and feline immunization. | | 1978 | 220773 |
| use of vaccines in exotic species. | | 1979 | 222041 |
| mechanisms of heterotypic immunity against canine distemper. | hep-2 cells infected with measles virus (mv) for as short as 6 h became refractory to superinfection with canine distemper virus (cdv) but not to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the exact mechanism of such interference is unknown but probably occurs after virus attachment and penetration. these results verify the suggestion that virus interference may be a mechanism of heterotypic protection against canine distemper. | 1979 | 226395 |
| antigenic relationships between measles and canine distemper viruses: comparison of immune response in animals and humans to individual virus-specific polypeptides. | precipitation with hyperimmune rabbit sera, sera from patients convalescing from measles, and sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, followed by electrophoresis, enabled antigenic relationships between the individual polypeptides of measles and canine distemper viruses to be examined. virus isolates from patients with acute measles or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis showed no antigenic differences. with rabbit hyperimmune sera, antigenic crossreactivity was present betw ... | 1979 | 293747 |
| comparison of canine distemper virus strains in gnotobiotic dogs: effects on lymphoid tissues. | the effects of infection on various aspects of lymphoid function in gnotobiotic dogs with 2 virulent strains of canine distemper virus (cdv), snyder-hill cdv and r252-cdv, were compared. both infections resulted in a viremia-related lymphopenia which was nonselective in that the percentages of b and t cells remained unchanged throughout the observation period. nonfatal snyder-hill-cdv infection resulted in a transient depression of in vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin-p, whereas r ... | 1977 | 304324 |
| lymphocyte-associated immune responses to canine distemper and measles viruses in distemper-infected gnotobiotic dogs. | cellular immune responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to canine distemper virus and measles virus were determined in vaccinated or infected gnotobiotic dogs, using the technique of syncytia inhibition. cross-reactivity between viruses was detected in both groups of dogs. peak responses in vaccinated dogs occurred 11 days after vaccination and declined to base-line levels by 3 weeks, whereas responses in infected dogs were present 30 days after inoculation. fractionation experiments with peri ... | 1979 | 314249 |
| [fluorescence serological detection of distemper virus antigens in dog cerebrospinal fluid cells]. | | 1977 | 337965 |
| observations on the distribution of canine distemper virus in the central nervous system of dogs with demyelinating encephalitis. | the distribution of canine distemper virus in the central nervous system was examined in 11 dogs with demyelinating encephalitis by the direct fluorescent antibody technique on paraffin sections of brain and spinal cord. in the grey matter there was a good correlation between the presence and severity of lesions and presence and amount of viral antigen. large concentrations of virus were found in neurons and their processes. in most demyelinating lesions only small amounts of viral antigen were ... | 1977 | 341634 |
| immunofluorescence studies of canine distemper encephalitis on paraffin-embedded tissue. | a paraffin-embedding technique for fluorescent antibody studies of canine distemper encephalitis was developed. specific fluorescence was demonstrated in all brain tissue from dogs with canine distemper, and when compared with tissue on cryostat sections, the paraffin-embedded tissue showed superior preservation of tissue architecture. the preservation of viral antigen was good, and the appearance of fluorescence in gray- and white-matter lesions was described. in gray matter, extensive fluoresc ... | 1978 | 352204 |
| procedure for processing of central nervous system tissue for immunofluorescence, light, and electron microscopic evaluation. | a rapid and simple procedure has been developed for the simultaneous localization of viral antigen in central nervous system tissues by immunofluorescnece and concomitant correlation with viral induced lesions in the contralateral brain hemisphere. in this study, one-half of the brain was excised from the dog under deep general anesthesia and samples were collected for immunofluorescence by snap freezing in liquid nitrogen. the other half of the brain was perfused under pressure with a buffered ... | 1978 | 373523 |
| encephalomyelitis induced by canine distemper virus in non-human primates. | a strain of canine distemper virus was shown to be highly neuro-virulent in non-human primates. intracerebral inoculation induced in monkeys histological lesions of encephalomyelitis, i.e., degenerative changes consisting mainly of neuronal damage and inflammatory changes such as perivascular cuffings and glial proliferation, in wide areas in the brain and spinal cord. in one monkey observed for 70 days, lesions with a tendency of subacute sclerosing were also noticed. immunosuppression with cyc ... | 1977 | 413963 |
| neutralizing antibodies to canine distemper and measles virus in multiple sclerosis. | serum neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus (cdv) was measured in 142 patients with multiple sclerosis (ms), an equal number of age and sex-matched normal controls, and 75 patients with other neurological disorders. an elevated antibody titer was found in the ms population compared to controls. measles-neutralizing antibody was also found to be elevated in 128 patients with ms. the mean ratio of measles to cdv antibody was similar in the control and ms groups, but a wide range of measl ... | 1979 | 438844 |
| the effect of canine distemper virus on the ameloblastic layer of the developing tooth. | | 1979 | 442456 |
| early events in canine distemper demyelinating encephalomyelitis. | the early neuropathological development of demyelinating canine distemper encephalomyelitis (cde) was studied in spf dogs. neural tissues were examined up to 30 days post infection (pi). three phases of activity were observed. the primary event (first observed 8 days pi) was a nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis associated with the initiation of central nervous system (cns) infection by virus-laden lymphocytes. at 24 days pi noninflammatory demyelination occurred in well defined, subependymal foci. ... | 1979 | 452851 |
| canine distemper virus-associated hypocalcemia. | a retrospective study was done to correlate serum calcium concentrations and parathyroid gland ultrastructure to clinical, immunologic, and pathologic changes experimentally induced in gnotobiotic dogs by canine distemper virus (cdv). dogs infected with cdv had significantly reduced serum calcium concentrations associated with ultrastructural evidence of parathyroid gland inactivity, degeneration, and viral inclusions. although cdv-infected dogs exhibited neurologic signs, minimal lesions were p ... | 1979 | 453678 |
| immune mechanisms against canine distemper. i. identification of k cell against canine distemper virus infected target cells in vitro. | canine peripheral blood lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) and monocytes (macrophages) were obtained by various cell separation techniques and were tested for their cytotoxic capacity against antibody-sensitized canine distemper virus (cdv) infected vero cells by an in vitro chromium release assay. canine lymphocytes were found to destroy cdv infected target cells effectively, while neither pmn nor monocytes (macrophages) could do so. the active lymphocyte was characterized by vario ... | 1979 | 468299 |
| immunological evidence for the synthesis of all canine distemper virus polypeptides in chronic neurological diseases in dogs. chronic distemper and old dog encephalitis differ from sspe in man. | | 1979 | 483572 |
| polioencephalomalacia associated with canine distemper virus infection. | eight dogs with severe neurologic signs, including seizures, had polioencephalomalacia of the pyriform cortex, ammon's horn and deep structures in the temporal lobe. the polioencephalomalacia was considered to be a consequence of canine distemper virus infection based on clinical signs, typical inclusions, the demonstration of viral antigens in the lesions and of characteristic paramyxovirus nucleocapsids by electron microscopy. little evidence for neuronal destruction by direct viral activity w ... | 1979 | 505890 |
| effects of prednisolone on the development of immune responses to canine distemper virus in beagle pups. | effects of oral prednisolone (op) on the development of immune responses of beagle pups to canine distemper virus (cdv) were studied. dogs were treated with op for 21 days, twice a day for the first 7 days, once a day for the next 7 days, and on alternate days for the last 7 days. dogs given dosages of op (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) showed a normal in vivo immunogenic response after cdv vaccination and survived a virulent cdv challenge exposure, whereas non-treated, nonvaccinated dogs became ill or d ... | 1979 | 525893 |
| vaccine-induced canine distemper virus in black-footed ferrets. | | 1977 | 556720 |
| experimental and naturally occurring transplacental transmission of canine distemper virus. | in the present study, 2 different effects of experimentally induced infection with virulent canine distemper virus (cdv) on pregnant cdv-susceptible dogs were studied. in 1 bitch, abortion occurred 7 days after viral inoculation and there was no evidence of fetal infection. another bitch had subclinical infection and delivered 3 cdv-infected pups. sequential clinical, immunologic, and virologic studies of a litter of gnotobiotic pups (3rd bitch) that were congenitally infected with cdv demonstra ... | 1977 | 560815 |
| serologic abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. | | 1978 | 568747 |
| distemper infection in lesser pandas due to administration of a canine distemper live vaccine. | | 1979 | 574575 |
| [virus etiology of multiple sclerosis. relations to distemper virus]. | | 1978 | 631045 |
| canine distemper, measles, and sspe. | | 1978 | 645705 |
| syncytia inhibition by immune lymphocytes: in vitro test for immunity to canine distemper. | a simple and rapid (24-h) assay for peripheral blood lymphocyte-associated immunity to canine distemper virus (cdv) is described. the test is based upon leukocyte-associated inhibition of cdv-induced syncytia formation in vero cells. the technique quantitates the response morphologically, thereby eliminating the requirement for release of radiolabeled compounds. positive results were determined from specific-pathogen-free and gnotobiotic dogs exposed to cdv via hyperimmunization, vaccination wit ... | 1978 | 649763 |
| influence of transplacentally acquired antibody on neonatal susceptibility to canine distemper virus in gnotobiotic dogs. | in utero acquistion of protective levels of neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus (cdv) was observed in four litters of colostrum-deprived gnotobiotic and specific-pathogen-free puppies. pregnant bitches with high antibody titers passively transferred antibody to these pups transplacentally in average titers of 1:7 to 1:16 per litter. maternally derived antibody protected neonatal pups from otherwise fatal infection with virulent cdv. protection was associated with a transient lymphope ... | 1978 | 659917 |
| distemper and measles vaccines--a comparative trial. | | 1978 | 672200 |
| canine distemper virus-associated encephalitis: modification by passive antibody administration. | gnotobiotic puppies were intraperitoneally infected with r252-canine distemper virus (cdv), and treated with normal serum (ns) or cdv-specific antibody. resultant central nervous system (cns) lesions were evaluated by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. lesions in ns-treated dogs, if present, consisted of small foci of neuronal degeneration and accompanying microgliosis, restricted to grey matter of the frontal lobe. dogs receiving anti-cdv antibody, in contrast, had extensive lesions in th ... | 1978 | 696241 |
| primary reticulosis of the central nervous system in the dog. | | 1978 | 716161 |
| effect of feline panleukopenia virus infection on development of humoral and cellular immunity. | cats were infected with feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) at various ages pre- and post-parturition. all fetuses infected at 35 days of gestation from one queen and a single fetus infected at 45 days of gestation from a second queen had a significant delay in time of skin allograft rejection. older fetuses and newborn kittens infected with fplv did not show this delay in rejection time. adult cats infected with fplv demonstrated a significant decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness to two t cell m ... | 1976 | 782787 |
| comparison of canine distemper viral strains: an electron microscopic study. | a canine distemper (cd) viral strain, designated r252, originally obtained from a dog with demyelinating encephalomyelitis has been shown to reproduce this disease in gnotobiotic dogs in a high incidence in contradistinction to other cd viral strains which produce an acute fatal disease. because comparision of r252 strain with the snyder hill (sh) and onderstepoort (ond) strains revealed differences in in vitro behavior, the 3 viruses were ultrastructurally investigated. the results revealed dif ... | 1975 | 807132 |
| encephalomyelitis induced by paramyxovirus in nonhuman primates with a special reference to possible viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. | | 1976 | 818580 |
| cell fusion by canine distemper virus-infected cells and their plasma membranes. | cells first gain detectable fusion induction ability 4-6 h after infection with canine distemper virus even though mature virions are not released until about 10 h. plasma membranes isolated from cells as early as 6 h after infection also have the ability to induce early fusion. while protein synthesis is not required for fusion in the early fusion assay itself, it is required in infected cells for induction of fusion ability. early cell fusion by infected cells is apparently the result of synth ... | 1977 | 873742 |
| intradermal mitogen response in dogs: correlation with outcome of infection by canine distemper virus. | gnotobiotic and conventional dogs of different ages were examined for intradermal skin test responses and in virtro peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to the phytomitogens, phytohemagglutinin-p (pha-p) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). all adult dogs skin tested with these mitogens demonstrated a positive skin reaction consisting of erythema and induration within 24 hours. in contrast, a positive reaction was obtained only with pha-p when both mitogens were tested in conventional and gnotobiotic ne ... | 1977 | 931136 |
| failure of attenuated canine distemper virus (rockborn strain) to suppress lymphocyte blastogenesis in dogs. | the attenuated rockborn strain of canine distemper virus is commonly used in commercial vaccines. since immunosuppression is a common feature of virulent (snyder hill) distemper virus infection of the dog, an evaluation of the cellular immune functions of dogs given inoculums of the less virulent rockborn strain was done using lymphocyte blastogenesis responses to various mitogens. unlike the viruslent snyder hill strain, the attenuated distemper virus did not alter lymphocyte blastogenesis resp ... | 1976 | 943277 |
| vaccine-induced canine distemper in a lesser panda. | a fatal disease occurred in a lesser panda (ailurus fulgens) 2 weeks after vaccination with modified live distemper vaccine. the disease clinically resembled canine distemper. pathologically there was giant cell pneumonia, with canine distemper viral inclusion bodies in pulmonary and digestive tract epithelium. viral isolates were indicative of an attenuated strain rather than virulent types. | 1976 | 988010 |
| fatal vaccine-induced canine distemper virus infection in black-footed ferrets. | four black-footed ferrets that were live-trapped in south dakota and transported to the patuxent wildlife research center died within 21 days after vaccination with modified live canine distemper virus. immunofluorescence, european ferret inoculation, virus isolation attempts, and serum-neutralization tests indicated insufficient attenuation of the vaccine for this species. | 1976 | 988011 |
| age-related susceptibility to infection with canine distemper virus in gnotobiotic dogs. | the influence of age on the susceptibility of gnotobiotic dogs to infection with virulent canine distemper virus (r252-cdv) was studied. of the dogs infected at less than one week of age, 85% died of acute encephalitis two to five weeks after infection. in contrast, only 28.5% of infected weanling and 33.3% of infected adult dogs died after receiving inoculations of r252-cdv. furthermore, about one-half of the fatally infected weanling dogs developed chronic encephalitis characterized by infiltr ... | 1976 | 1003016 |
| rna homology between subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and measles viruses. | | 1976 | 1004582 |
| a rapid method for the quantitative study of rna from canine distemper virus infected cells. | centrifugation through cscl was used to isolate 32p-labelled rna in a one-step purification procedure. the method is suitable for quantitative as well as preparative studies and appears to have considerable advantages over conventional methods of rna extraction. we have used this procedure to investigate the rna synthesized in vero cells infected with canine distemper virus (cdv). we show that the combination of cscl centrifugation and affinity chromatography on poly-u sepharose provides a rapid ... | 1976 | 1018176 |
| prophylactic, postinfectious and neonatal vaccination against canine distemper in mink. | mink were vaccinated against canine distemper and challenged with the snyder hill strain of canine distemper virus. protection was acquired if vaccination took place more than a few days before challenge. if vaccination took place even early during incubation mortality was higher than in the unvaccinated controls. full protection of kits may be achieved even at an age of 16 to 20 days provided the kits had not passively acquired immunity from their mothers. kits surviving distemper because of pa ... | 1976 | 1034916 |
| effects of canine distemper virus infection on lymphoid function in vitro and in vivo. | in the present study, the immunodepressive effects of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of dogs on two parameters of lymphocyte function, namely phytomitogen-induced cellular proliferation and skin allograft rejection, were investigated. infection of susceptible gnotobiotic dogs with virulent r252-cdv resulted in a depression of peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogen response as measured by (3h)thymidine incorporation for up to 10 weeks after inoculation. this effect coincided with the appeara ... | 1975 | 1091560 |
| a study of immunoglobulin m antibody to measles, canine distemper, and rinderpest viruses in sera of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | seven boys were studied who had the clinical features of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) and whose brain histology was consistent with sspe. measles antigen was detected in the seven brains by the direct fluorescent antibody method. three out of the seven boys had in their sera measles specific immunoglobulin m (igm) which was detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody method, and the cell receptors for it were acetone stable. a prozone effect was noted in the sera of two patients. ... | 1975 | 1097472 |
| letter: combined distemper/measles vaccine. | | 1975 | 1114628 |
| measles vaccine in dogs: efficacy against aerosol challenge with virulent canine distemper virus. | fifty young beagle pups were used in studies on the efficacy of measles virus vaccine in providing protection against virulent canine distemper (cd) virus given intranasally. among 29 dogs vaccinated with measles virus vaccine and subsequently exposed to virulent cd virus, 1 died, 7 developed relatively severe signs of cd, 15 had mild signs of distemper, and 6 remained clinically normal. of 15 unvaccinated dogs similarly exposed to virulent cd virus, 11 succumbed to distemper. six pups vaccinate ... | 1975 | 1150494 |
| myxovirus-like structures in the glomerular endothelial cell cytoplasm in canine nephritis. | electron microscopic examinations revealed the presence of myxovirus-like tubular structures, 200a in diameter, in the endothelial cytoplasm of the glomeruli in four dogs with chronic interstitial nephritis and in one healthy control dog. the structures were found inside the endoplasmic reticulum and in some longitudinal sections, the tubuli seemed to have a helical or spiral substructure. the morphology and cellular localization of the structures resembled those seen in systemic lupus erythemat ... | 1975 | 1155103 |
| determination of the buoyant density of canine distemper virus by radioassay. | canine distemper virus was labelled with tritiated uridine and, following precipitation with saturated ammonium sulphate solution, was concentrated 66-fold by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. when this preparation was centrifuged to equilibrium in density gradients of potassium tartrate or sucrose, radioactivity was distributed over the density range 1.218 to 1.180 with a pronounced peak at around 1.195. this corresponded closely to the distribution of infectivity and als ... | 1975 | 1169928 |
| serologic response to canine distemper viral antigens in gnotobiotic dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | the humoral immune response to canine distemper viral antigens in gnotobiotic dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus was studied by the complement fixation and serum neutralization tests. antibody titers measured by both serologic methods varied inversely with the severity of disease produced. recovered dogs demonstrated the highest titers of antibody, whereas fatally infected dogs had little or no antibody activity in their sera. a third group of dogs, characterized by chronic ... | 1975 | 1185008 |
| combined distemper/measles vaccine. | | 1976 | 1258290 |
| cell-mediated immunity and age at vaccination associated with measles inoculation and protection of dogs against canine distemper. | the antibody-mediated immune response (amir) of dogs to measles and canine distemper viruses has been described. however, there is little information on the cell-mediated immune response (cmir). the amir and the cmir of dogs to canine distemper and to measles were examined. the cmir was determined for 6 weeks by measuring the 3h-thymidine uptake by immune lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test. concurrently, canine distemper and measles virus serum-neutralization antibodies were measu ... | 1976 | 1259211 |
| canine distemper virus infection in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata). | a free-living masked palm civet (paguma larvata) died after exhibiting signs of canine distemper (cd). the microscopic lesions consisted of cytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, non-purulent encephalitis accompanied by demyelination and lymphocytic depletion in various lymphoid tissues. cd virus-specific antigens were demonstrated immunohistochemically in intracellular eosinophilic inclusions, which were ultrastructurally confirmed to be viral ... | 1992 | 1291591 |
| a serologic survey of the island fox (urocyon littoralis) on the channel islands, california. | the island fox is listed as a threatened species in california. a serologic survey of 194 island foxes (urocyon littoralis) was conducted over the entire range of the species on the channel islands (california, usa). antibody prevalence against canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus reached 97% and 59%, respectively, in some populations sampled. antibody prevalence of canine herpesvirus, canine coronavirus, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis were low. antibodies against canine distemper virus were ... | 1992 | 1318424 |
| intranuclear inclusions in paramyxovirus-induced encephalitis: evidence for altered nuclear body differentiation. | intranuclear inclusion bodies (inb) are frequently encountered in viral infections, where they are thought to be accumulations of viral particles. however, for rna viruses replicating in the cytoplasm, this compartmentalization represents a paradox not consistent with the viral replication cycle. to define the basis for intranuclear paramyxoviral inclusion bodies in astrocytes, natural cases of canine distemper virus subacute encephalitis were examined by light and transmission electron microsco ... | 1992 | 1332364 |
| canine distemper virus transcripts sequenced from pagetic bone. | paget's disease is a chronic disease of the skeleton which is believed to be caused by a persistent virus of the paramyxovirus family. there is still conflict as to the precise identity of the virus(es) involved in causing this disease. our previous results using in situ hybridisation have implicated distemper as a possible cause of this disease. in order to confirm these results, we have reverse transcribed rna from pagetic bone and have specifically amplified for distemper and measles sequence ... | 1992 | 1345324 |
| viruses and demyelination in the central nervous system. | | 1992 | 1345737 |
| distemper encephalitis in pups after vaccination of the dam. | a five-year-old labrador bitch which had whelped 10 pups three days previously was given booster vaccination against distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, parainfluenzavirus and leptospirosis. eighteen days later, signs of central nervous system disease developed in some of the pups, five of which were ultimately euthanased. the cause of the nervous disease was found to be canine distemper, and serological studies showed that the infection was limited to some members of the litter, suggesting that ... | 1992 | 1347434 |
| dog lymphocyte cultures facilitate the isolation and growth of virulent canine distemper virus. | optimal conditions for the isolation and growth of virulent canine distemper virus (cdv) in canine thymic and peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures were determined. peak virus titers were seen from 3 to 6 days postinoculation of lymphocytes and depended on the multiplicity of infection. dog lymphocytes were at least as susceptible as canine macrophages to infection with virulent cdv. virus replication in lymphocytes resulted in higher virus titers than in dog lung macrophages. peripheral blood ly ... | 1992 | 1387554 |
| improved isolation of rinderpest virus in transformed bovine t lymphoblast cell lines. | bovine t lymphoblast cell lines transformed by the protozoan theileria parva were compared with bovine kidney (bk) and vero cells for their ability to isolate various strains of rinderpest virus from tissues and infected secretions. all of the strains of rinderpest virus that were tested, including attenuated cell-culture, caprinised and lapinised vaccines, and both mild and virulent pathogenic strains, readily induced syncytial cytopathic effect (cpe) in t lymphoblasts. the cpe could often be d ... | 1992 | 1410806 |
| [a case from general practice (2): conspicuous laboratory findings]. | | 1992 | 1462671 |
| canine distemper virus in bone. | | 1992 | 1471335 |
| diseases, parasites and survival of coyotes in south-central georgia. | serologic testing, radio-telemetry and post-mortem diagnostic evaluations were used to investigate survival and causes of mortality among 17 coyotes (canis latrans) in south-central georgia (usa). prevalence of canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae was lower (p = 0.057) among fall-captured (22%) than among winter-captured (75%) coyotes. prevalence of heartworm was higher among adults than juveniles in the fall, but no significant difference was detected between animals captured in ... | 1992 | 1474655 |
| diseases and parasites of red foxes, gray foxes, and coyotes from commercial sources selling to fox-chasing enclosures. | fifty-six red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 18 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), and 13 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained by the south carolina wildlife and marine resources department during an investigation of suspected illegal wildlife translocation were examined for diseases and parasites. red foxes and coyotes were confiscated from an animal dealer based in ohio (usa), and gray foxes were purchased from an animal dealer in indiana (usa). emphasis was placed on detection of pathogens representi ... | 1992 | 1474656 |
| possible vaccine-induced canine distemper in a south american bush dog (speothos venaticus). | suspected vaccine-induced canine distemper was diagnosed in a captive female bush dog (speothos venaticus). macroscopic lesions included mild congestion of the gastric mucosa and focal consolidation of the lung. histopathological lesions included status spongiosis, gliosis, widespread eosinophilic, intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neurons, astrocytes and gitter cells of the cerebral, cerebellar and spinal white matter. | 1992 | 1474661 |
| round table on morbilliviruses in marine mammals. | since 1988 morbilliviruses have been increasingly recognized and held responsible for mass mortality amongst harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and other seal species. virus isolations and characterization proved that morbilliviruses from seals in northwest europe were genetically distinct from other known members of this group including canine distemper virus (cdv), rinderpest virus, peste des petits ruminants virus and measles virus. an epidemic in baikal seals in 1987 was apparently caused by a m ... | 1992 | 1481361 |
| distemper vaccination in ferrets. | | 1992 | 1496764 |
| antibody response to canine distemper vaccine in african wild dogs. | antibody levels against canine distemper virus were measured by means of an immunofluorescent antibody test prior to, and after, administration of a modified-live virus booster vaccine to seven african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). positive seroconversion with no harmful side-effects was seen in all the animals. | 1992 | 1512877 |
| canine distemper virus increases procoagulant activity of macrophages. | inflammatory demyelination in canine distemper has been proposed to be due to a "bystander" mechanism, in which macrophages play an important role. in the present work we studied whether infection of macrophages by canine distemper virus (cdv) results in changes of macrophage functions, including fc receptor-dependent and -independent phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen species (ros), and procoagulant activity (pca). as a source of macrophages, dog bone marrow cells were seeded in teflon ba ... | 1992 | 1519355 |
| the fusion protein gene of phocine distemper virus: nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences and a comparison of morbillivirus fusion proteins. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion protein of phocine distemper virus has been determined. the mrna is 2206 nucleotides in length and contains one major open reading frame (orf) of 1893 nucleotides encoding a potential protein of 631 amino acid residues. however, analogy with canine distemper virus (cdv) suggests that translation of the f protein starts at the sixth aug codon in the mrna sequence which is located at position 461, resulting in an f0 protein of exactly the sam ... | 1992 | 1524494 |
| the genes encoding the phospho- and matrix proteins of phocine distemper virus. | the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (p)/v/c and matrix (m) protein genes of phocine distemper virus (pdv) have been determined and the deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins derived from these genes compared with those of the other morbilliviruses. the 1655 nucleotides of the p gene encode a phosphoprotein of 507 amino acid residues (from nucleotide numbers 60 to 1583) which is 75% identical to that of canine distemper virus (cdv). the c proteins of the two viruses are 73% ident ... | 1992 | 1535099 |
| distemper vaccination in ferrets. | | 1992 | 1546441 |
| identification of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in mononuclear cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with canine distemper. | | 1992 | 1557867 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in raccoons. | serum samples from 427 raccoons (93 from pennsylvania, 45 from new jersey, 72 from south carolina, 68 from virginia, 30 from iowa, and 119 from ohio) were evaluated for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. the distribution of t gondii antibody titers was less than 1:25 for 212 raccoons (49.6%), 1:25 for 34 raccoons (7.9%), 1:50 for 117 raccoons (27.4%), and greater than or equal to 1:500 for 64 raccoons (14.9%). tissue cysts were seen in the liver, and tachyzoites ... | 1992 | 1559896 |
| distemper vaccination in ferrets. | | 1992 | 1561749 |
| antarctic seals carry antibodies against seal herpesvirus. | weddell seals in the antarctica had high neutralizing antibody titres to seal- and feline herpesvirus and none against phocine distemper virus. crab-eater seals were free of antibodies. this suggests an evolutionary wide spread of seal herpesvirus. | 1992 | 1562238 |
| concurrent protozoal encephalitis and canine distemper virus infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | | 1992 | 1566543 |
| canine distemper virus-immune complexes induce bystander degeneration of oligodendrocytes. | demyelination in chronic canine distemper encephalitis may be the result of a bystander effect in which the antiviral immune response is involved. in the present report we demonstrate that canine distemper virus-antiviral antibody immune complexes induce oligodendroglial degeneration in mixed brain cell cultures, particularly at the level of the cell processes. the involvement of macrophages as effector cells in this process was confirmed by depletion of these cells from the cultures which preve ... | 1992 | 1575016 |