Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| canine distemper virus--a morbillivirus in search of new hosts? | canine distemper morbillivirus (cdv) induces a multisystemic, often fatal disease in a wide and seemingly expanding host range among the carnivora. several genotypes of an otherwise monotypic virus species co-circulate in a geographically restricted pattern. interspecies transmissions frequently occur, often leading to devastating epizootics in highly susceptible or immunologically naive populations. | 1997 | 9080611 |
| electroencephalographic findings of encephalitis in beagle dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus (cdv). | the present research study had two goals. firstly, the effect of medetomidine/propofol on the electroencephalographic (eeg) recordings of nine spf dogs was analysed. it was found that the basic pooled pattern of eeg recordings was characterized by a mean amplitude of 28 uv (range = 15-70 uv) and mean frequency of 1.8 hz (range = 1-2.5 hz), with superimposed low voltage (amplitude range = 4-20 uv; mean 14 uv) and fast activity (frequency range = 10-27 hz; mean 18 hz). all results were significant ... | 1997 | 9084232 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in brown bears from italy. | blood samples were collected from six captive bears and nine free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the abruzzo national park, italy, between 1991 and 1995. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). serologic evidence of cdv and cpv-2-exposure was found in both captive and free-ranging bears. this may be the first report of cdv exposure in free-ranging bear ... | 1997 | 9131563 |
| abundant expression of viral nucleoprotein mrna and restricted translation of the corresponding viral protein in inclusion body polioencephalitis of canine distemper. | brain and other tissues of three dogs aged 4-21 months with inclusion body polioencephalitis caused by canine distemper virus (cdv) were examined for cdv nucleoprotein (n) antigen and mrna distribution. two animals (nos 3 and 1) had suddenly shown central nervous system (cns) signs 4 days and 5 months, respectively, after vaccination with a modified live cdv vaccine; animal no. 2 had shown similar signs 4 weeks after vaccination with an unknown product. lesions in the cns, which were restricted ... | 1997 | 9147247 |
| comparative antibody response in harbour and grey seals naturally infected by a morbillivirus. | the antibody response of free-ranging harbour and grey seals, naturally infected by a morbillivirus, was assessed using a virus neutralizing test and a radio-immunoprecipitation assay. the prevalence of antibody was similar between species, however, grey seals had significantly higher virus neutralizing titers. serum from clinically healthy grey seals precipitated the nucleocapsid (n) protein along with the hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) glycoproteins. by contrast, significantly fewer harbour ... | 1997 | 9151405 |
| analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of current wild-type canine distemper virus isolates from germany. | the haemagglutinin (h) gene sequences from three wild-type canine distemper viruses (cdv) isolated during 1994-1995 were sequenced to determine whether contemporary strains had undergone significant genetic changes relative to the currently used vaccine strains. the new isolates were closely related to each other (> 99%) and displayed about 90-91% sequence homology to the onderstepoort and convac vaccine strains. there were one to four additional potential glycosylation sites compared to the vac ... | 1997 | 9175255 |
| histopathological features of canine distemper recently observed in japan. | eleven dogs with canine distemper (cd) from the chubu region of japan and the tokyo area were examined. clinically, respiratory and neurological signs were present in all animals. histopathologically, all showed characteristic cd lesions of bronchopneumonia and demyelinating encephalitis. however, some differences in gastrointestinal abnormalities were observed. three out of four dogs from the chubu region had severe diarrhoea and gastroenteritis, associated with numerous eosinophilic inclusion ... | 1997 | 9179753 |
| inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase expression within the substantia nigra of mice infected with canine distemper virus. | experimental infection of mouse brain with a neuroadapted strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) leads to early acute encephalitis, followed by late neurological diseases such as motor pathologies (paralysis and turning behavior) or obesity syndrome. we have previously shown that, during the early stage of infection, cdv replicates transiently in selective structures of the brain including the substantia nigra, a structure known to play a critical role in motor control. in this study we demonstr ... | 1997 | 9184658 |
| phosphorylation of canine distemper virus p protein by protein kinase c-zeta and casein kinase ii. | transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is mediated by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase and transcriptional cofactor p. the p protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. the kinase used differs among this group of rna viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase ii (ckii), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes pkc isoform zeta (pkc-zeta) for activation of its p protein. to identi ... | 1997 | 9185603 |
| protective vaccination of ferrets against canine distemper with recombinant pox virus vaccines expressing the h or f genes of rinderpest virus. | to investigate the ability of rinderpest virus (rpv) antigens, expressed in pox virus vectors, to protect against canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in ferrets. | 1997 | 9185963 |
| paget's disease of bone. | the highest incidence of paget's disease is in the united kingdom and is lower in other european countries. worldwide the incidence appears to be decreasing. some countries have observed a reduction in the severity at presentation, perhaps reflecting changes in migration of the uk population. evidence of a genetic susceptibility to paget's disease is accumulating, with chromosome 6 (the hla locus) and 18q emerging as strong candidates. use of molecular biology techniques has yielded evidence on ... | 1997 | 9229182 |
| determinants of persistence in canine distemper viruses. | viral persistence in the central nervous system is the driving force behind the chronic progressive disease caused by natural canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in dogs. persistence of cdv is associated with non-cytolytic spread and impaired viral budding. since budding is to a large extend dependent on the nucleocapsid-(n) and matrixproteins (m) of the virus, we analyzed the nucleotide- and deduced amino acid sequences of the corresponding genes of a spectrum of cdv strains, that differ wit ... | 1997 | 9231983 |
| antibody responses of red wolves to canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus vaccination. | twenty captive red wolves (canis rufus), including 16 intended for release into great smoky mountains national park, cades cove, tennessee (usa), and four housed at knoxville zoological gardens, inc., knoxville, tennessee, were evaluated for immunologic response to vaccination between june 1994 and april 1995. wolves were vaccinated with modified-live (mlv) canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv2). sera were collected, and immunofluorescent staining was performed for dete ... | 1997 | 9249706 |
| protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (cdv) combination vaccine against virulent cdv challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (mlv) components. | 1997 | 9256965 |
| occurrence of pneumocystis carinii in canine distemper. | 1997 | 9257457 | |
| canine distemper virus and multiple sclerosis. | 1997 | 9270694 | |
| in vivo and in vitro detection of canine distemper virus nucleoprotein gene with digoxigenin-labelled rna, double-stranded dna probes and oligonucleotides by in situ hybridization. | a single-stranded rna, two double-stranded (ds) dna probes and 10 oligonucleotides labelled with digoxigenin were comparatively evaluated for their usefulness to detect canine distemper virus (cdv) nucleoprotein rna in in vitro infected vero cells and in tissues of dogs with spontaneous cdv infection by in situ hybridization (ish). in addition, results were compared to cdv nucleoprotein antigen distribution as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. the rna probe was derived from the virulent a75/ ... | 1997 | 9283284 |
| outbreak off canine distemper in vaccinated dogs in finland. | canine distemper reappeared in dogs in finland in 1990 after a 16-year absence. in 1994 to 1995 an outbreak occurred in areas with a high density dog population which involved dogs vaccinated against distemper. the estimated total number of cases was at least 5000, and 865 cases were confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody testing of 3649 epithelial cell samples. the signs recorded by veterinary clinicians ranged from conjunctivitis, pyrexia and anorexia to signs of respiratory and gastrointe ... | 1997 | 9364705 |
| vaccine-induced canine distemper in european mink, mustela lutreola. | this report describes vaccine-induced canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in four european mink (mustela lutreola) induced by the administration of a multivalent, avian-origin vaccine. clinical signs consisting of seizures, ataxia, facial twitching, oculonasal discharge, hyperkeratosis of footpads, and anorexia developed 16-20 days postvaccination. conjunctival smears from one animal were positive for cdv antigen by direct fluorescent antibody testing, confirming the clinical diagnosis. the f ... | 1997 | 9365945 |
| serosurvey for selected viral diseases and demography of african wild dogs in tanzania. | african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) are endangered, with only 3,000-5,000 remaining in the wild. it is believed that wild dogs are unusually vulnerable to viral diseases, particularly rabies and canine distemper (cdv). however, canine distemper has been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis in only one free-living wild dog. the 43,000 km2 selous game reserve (sgr; tanzania) holds approximately 900 adult wild dogs. in a study area of 2,600 km2, the population maintained high density (> or = 1 dog/20.5 ... | 1997 | 9391968 |
| duration of antibodies elicited by canine distemper virus vaccinations in dogs. | 1997 | 9466386 | |
| seroepidemiological survey of sympatric domestic and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tsumkwe district, north-eastern namibia. | disease is a potential threat to many endangered populations and may originate from sympatric domestic species. this paper describes a cross-sectional serological survey of canine pathogens carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs (lycoan pictus) (n = 6), in tsumkwe district, northeastern namibia. evidence of past exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and parainfluenza virus was evident in both wild and domestic dogs with this, the first, documented exposure of free-living ... | 1997 | 9551484 |
| cytological, immunocytochemical and biochemical cerebrospinal fluid investigations in selected central nervous system disorders of dogs. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) obtained from 20 clinically healthy dogs and from 15 dogs affected by neurological disorders were examined for total and differential cell counts, immunocytochemistry for canine distemper virus antigen, total protein concentration and electrophoretic separation, and glucose and enzyme determination. dogs affected by canine distemper showed an increase in macrophages, presence of specific inclusion bodies, and an increase in total protein concentration and gamma-globulin ... | 1998 | 9557129 |
| the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the fusion protein of recent isolates of canine distemper virus in japan. | analysis of the molecular properties of fusion (f) proteins of field isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) by immunoprecipitation analysis revealed an identical molecular mass of f protein of 3 field isolates as well as the onderstepoort laboratory strain. sequencing showed that the f gene of a field isolate (the yanaka strain) shared 90.1% and 95.7% identities with the onderstepoort strain at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. all of the 13 cysteine residues and 4 potential aspa ... | 1998 | 9560792 |
| assessment of immunization response to canine distemper virus vaccination in puppies using a clinic-based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. | to study the response to vaccination, an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (elisa) immunoblot method was developed and tested to assay canine distemper virus (cdv) igg antibody in puppies and compared to a standard virus neutralization (vn) test (r2 = 0.748). ten litters of four puppies each were used in a vaccination study. seventy-six percent of vaccinated puppies immunized with a modified live vaccine were successfully protected against cdv at 6 weeks of age. one puppy remained seronegative a ... | 1998 | 9564270 |
| concurrent rabies and canine distemper encephalitis in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | 1998 | 9576354 | |
| viral antibodies in coyotes from california. | prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav) were determined among 152 coyotes (canis latrans) at the naval petroleum reserves (nprc; california, usa) from 1985 to 1990. overall prevalence of antibodies to cpv, cdv, and cav was 66%, 37%, and 68%, respectively. prevalence of cpv and cdv varied significantly among years. antibody prevalence did not differ between sexes for any disease, but did vary significantly among ag ... | 1998 | 9577772 |
| [incidence of antibodies in raccoon dogs and deer inhabiting suburban areas]. | we evaluated the incidence of antibodies against canine distemper (cd) virus, canine parvovirus, toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), aujeszky's disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia japonica, and coxiella burnetii in 30 raccoon dogs and 5 deer captured in suburban areas in kanagawa prefecture. among the raccoon dogs, anti-t. gondii antibody was detected in 1 animal (3.3%) and anti-cd virus antibody in 9 (30.0%). however, antibodies ag ... | 1998 | 9621559 |
| serum distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titers among dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. | to determine serum canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) antibody titers in healthy dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. | 1998 | 9656027 |
| canine distemper antibodies in lions of the masai mara. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has been implicated in some recent deaths of lions, which showed clinical signs of distemper, in the the serengeti plain. similar clinical findings have since been reported in lions of the masai mara. fifty-five per cent of serum samples obtained from wild lions of the masai mara have been found to contain neutralising antibody to cdv, indicating that they had been exposed to the virus. adult orphan lions kept in captivity, were vaccinated with the live attenuated on ... | 1998 | 9670445 |
| detection of canine distemper virus in 100% of paget's disease samples by in situ-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | previous evidence implicating paramyxoviruses in the aetiopathology of paget's disease of bone has been controversial. while several groups have demonstrated the presence of paramyxoviruses using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biological techniques, others have found no evidence of viruses using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). we have previously provided evidence that canine distemper virus (cdv) is present in approximately 65% of samples of pa ... | 1998 | 9701477 |
| seroprevalence of selected disease agents from free-ranging black bears in florida. | sera obtained from 66 free-ranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) from three geographic areas of florida (usa) between november 1993 and august 1995 were tested for antibodies to 13 disease agents. antibody prevalences were 3 positive of 37 tested (8%) coxiella burnetti, 37 of 66 (56%) toxoplasma gondii, 3 of 61 (5%) bluetongue virus/epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (btv/ehdv), 4 of 66 (6%) canine adenovirus-type 1, 5 of 66 (8%) canine distemper virus (cdv), 10 of 62 (16%) ... | 1998 | 9706572 |
| bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases and lymphohaemopoietic neoplasias in dogs and cats--a retrospective study. | bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases due to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), parvovirus (pv, canine and feline) and canine distemper virus (cdv), and in the lymphohaemopoietic neoplasias (lhns) usually associated with feline leukaemia virus infection were studied in samples obtained from 204 cats and 82 dogs at necropsy. the study demonstrated (1) no changes, (2) non-specific reactive changes, and (3) disease-specific changes (similar to thos ... | 1998 | 9717127 |
| a point mutation in the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase gene selected in vitro by cidofovir confers a slow replication phenotype in cell culture. | in cell culture, cidofovir (cdv) was used to select a human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strain with decreased drug susceptibility. the genotypic characterization of this virus revealed a single base substitution resulting in a k513n amino acid alteration in the viral dna polymerase (ul54). performed in parallel, the selection of hcmv for replication in the presence of ganciclovir (gcv) selected an m460v substitution in the phosphotransferase (ul97), as well as a k513n/v812l double substitution in dna ... | 1998 | 9721246 |
| measles virus fusion protein is palmitoylated on transmembrane-intracytoplasmic cysteine residues which participate in cell fusion. | [3h]palmitic acid was metabolically incorporated into the viral fusion protein (f) of edmonston or freshly isolated measles virus (mv) during infection of human lymphoid or vero cells. the uncleaved precursor f0 and the f1 subunit from infected cells and extracellular virus were both labeled, indicating that palmitoylation can take place prior to f0 cleavage and that palmitoylated f protein was incorporated into virus particles. [3h]palmitic acid was released from f protein upon hydroxylamine or ... | 1998 | 9733862 |
| constitutive overexpression of the major inducible 70 kda heat shock protein mediates large plaque formation by measles virus. | induction of the cellular stress response elevates cytoplasmic levels of heat shock proteins (hsps) belonging to multiple families. when infected with canine distemper virus or measles virus (mv), cells containing elevated hsps support increased viral gene expression and cytopathic effect. the present work tests the hypothesis that increases in the major inducible 70 kda hsp (hsp72) are sufficient to mediate the effect of stress response induction on infection phenotype. human astrocytoma cells ... | 1998 | 9747734 |
| interferon-alpha inhibits the emergence of cellular stress response-dependent morbillivirus large plaque variants. | cellular levels of heat shock proteins (hsps) are elevated in response to physiologic states accompanying acute virus infection (e.g. fever). the objective of the present work was to define the antiviral effect of purified human lymphoblastoid ifn in the presence of hsp over-expression. for this purpose, canine distemper virus (cdv) was used since the response of cdv transcription and persistent infection phenotype to elevated hsp is characterized. first, the effect of elevated hsp on cdv lytic ... | 1998 | 9754888 |
| canine distemper virus dna vaccination induces humoral and cellular immunity and protects against a lethal intracerebral challenge. | we have studied the immune responses to the two glycoproteins of the morbillivirus canine distemper virus (cdv) after dna vaccination of balb/c mice. the plasmids coding for both cdv hemagglutinin (h) and fusion protein (f) induce high levels of antibodies which persist for more than 6 months. intramuscular inoculation of the cdv dna induces a predominantly immunoglobulin g2a (igg2a) response (th1 response), whereas gene gun immunization with cdv h evokes exclusively an igg1 response (th2 respon ... | 1998 | 9765383 |
| vaccine injection-site sarcoma in a ferret. | 1998 | 9776987 | |
| cytokine mrna expression in whole blood samples from dogs with natural canine distemper virus infection. | cytokines are soluble polypeptides with many physiological functions and a special role during infection and inflammation. little is known about cytokine regulation in naturally occurring viral diseases of animals. especially the role of cytokines in the development and progression of lesions in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in dogs is largely unknown. whole blood samples from 14 dogs with cdv infection and three dogs suffering from non-distemper diseases were examined for mrna of pro-i ... | 1998 | 9802573 |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. | morbillivirus infections which were not documented in aquatic mammals until 1988, have caused at least five epizootics in these species during the last 10 years. affected populations include european harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in 1998, baikal seals (phoca siberica) in siberia from 1987-1988, striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) in the mediterranean sea from 1990-1992 and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) along the eastern coast of the united sta ... | 1998 | 9807724 |
| morbillivirus downregulation of cd46. | there is evidence that cd46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a cellular receptor for vaccine and laboratory-passaged strains of measles virus (mv). following infection with these mv strains, cd46 is downregulated from the cell surface, and consequent complement-mediated lysis has been shown to occur upon infection of a human monocytic cell line. the mv hemagglutinin (h) protein alone is capable of inducing this downregulation. some wild-type strains of mv fail to downregulate cd46, despite infecti ... | 1998 | 9811778 |
| experimental old dog encephalitis (ode) in a gnotobiotic dog. | experimental infection of a gnotobiotic beagle dog with the neurovirulent r252 strain of canine distemper virus (r252-cdv) resulted in long-term central nervous system (cns) infection; cerebral and brain stem lesions were consistent with old dog encephalitis (ode). eight clinical cycles of relapsing cortical and subcortical signs were documented over 33 months and were corroborated by the presence of both chronic and active inflammatory demyelinating lesions within the neuraxis. immunocytochemis ... | 1998 | 9823594 |
| primary central nervous system t-cell lymphoma in a cat. | a 5-year-old intact male persian cat was presented with progressive neurologic deficits, hyperesthesia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and intention tremors, which resulted in death. serologic tests for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection were negative. neurohistologic examination revealed the presence of pleomorphic cellular infiltrates in cerebral leptomeninges and around parenchymal vessels. the majority of infiltrating cells were uniformly immunostained using an antiser ... | 1998 | 9823600 |
| survey on viral pathogens in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in germany with emphasis on parvoviruses and analysis of a dna sequence from a red fox parvovirus. | the seroprevalence of canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) and canine herpesvirus (chv) infections in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) was determined in fox sera collected between 1991 and 1995. a total of 500 sera were selected and the seroprevalences were estimated to be 13% (65 of 500 sera) for cpv, 4.4% (17 of 383 sera) for cdv, 35% (17 of 485 sera) for cav, and 0.4% (2 of 485 sera) for chv, respectively. no statistically significant differences were observ ... | 1998 | 9825797 |
| genetic characterization of canine distemper virus in serengeti carnivores. | the lion (panthera leo) population in the serengeti ecosystem was recently afflicted by a fatal epidemic involving neurological disease, encephalitis and pneumonia. the cause was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv). several other species in the serengeti were also affected. this report presents cdv h and p gene sequences isolated from serengeti lions (panthera leo), spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta), bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) and domestic dog (canis familiaris). sequence analyses d ... | 1998 | 9839878 |
| serological survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska. | between 1988 and 1991, 644 serum samples were collected from 480 grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and 40 black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska, united states of america, and were tested for selected canine viral infections and zoonoses. antibody prevalence in grizzly bears was 0% for parvovirus, 8.3% (40/480) for distemper, 14% (68/480) for infectious hepatitis, 16.5% (79/480) for brucellosis, 19% (93/480) for tularaemia and 47% (225/478) for trichinellosis. in black bears, prevalenc ... | 1998 | 9850547 |
| molecular identification of a recent type of canine distemper virus in japan by restriction fragment length polymorphism. | restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to differentiate recent field viruses of canine distemper virus (cdu) from vaccine strains. virus genomes were amplified by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in part of the haemagglutinin gene. after digestion with ecorv, the pcr products of recent field isolates were cut into two fragments that differ from the uncut form of old strains including all of vaccine strains. this method could be applied to fresh or stored ... | 1998 | 9853301 |
| canine distemper virus in a caspian seal. | 1998 | 9885131 | |
| alteration of cerebral blood flow in patients with bacterial and viral meningoencephalitis. | our purpose was to investigate cerebral blood flow disturbances in patients with bacterial and viral meningoencephalitis. | 1998 | 9541294 |
| immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory cells in brains of dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalitis. | the inflammatory cells of eleven dogs with canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis were characterized immunohistochemically. macrophages were identified by antibodies directed against lysozyme and the dh82 antigen (expressed by cells of a malignant histiocytosis). t cells were demonstrated by cd3, cd43, and cd45r antigen, and b cells by immunoglobulin g and immunoglobulin m expression. furthermore, staining for the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigen was evaluated. diseased ... | 1998 | 9545134 |
| molecular analysis of the nucleocapsid protein of recent isolates of canine distemper virus in japan. | we analyzed the molecular properties of the nucleocapsid protein (np) of canine distemper viruses (cdv), isolated between 1992 and 1995 in japan. four cdv field isolates (yanaka, ueno, hamamatsu, and adachi strains) obtained were antigenically identical. sequence analysis of entire region of the np gene of a field isolate, the yanaka strain, revealed that the np gene contained 1683 nucleotides and was 93.2% homologous with a laboratory strain, the onderstepoort strain. the deduced amino acid seq ... | 1998 | 9549863 |
| oligodendroglial pathology in canine distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a multifocal demyelinating disease in dogs. the mechanism of acute demyelination in distemper is still poorly understood. the initial demyelinating lesion in distemper is directly virus induced, since there is a clear correlation between the occurrence of demyelination and cdv replication in the cells of the white matter. yet, there is little evidence for oligodendroglial infection. changes of these cells have been reported in vitro and in vivo. the in vitro s ... | 1998 | 9452824 |
| genetic analysis of the central untranslated genome region and the proximal coding part of the f gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper morbilliviruses. | located between the open reading frames encoding the matrix (m) and the fusion (f) protein the morbillivirus genome contains an unusually large non-coding intercistronic region (m-f utr) of up to 5.6% of the full length genome. any function(s) of this region have largely remained obscure. here, we analyze the m-f utr and the proximal coding part of the downstream f gene of several recent canine distemper morbillivirus (cdv) wild-type (wt) isolates and vaccine strains. while the f gene coding par ... | 1998 | 9926401 |
| early t cell response in the central nervous system in canine distemper virus infection. | the initial demyelinating lesions in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection develop during a period of severe immunosuppression in the absence of inflammation. in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that early demyelination is due to directly virus-induced oligodendroglial changes. in the present spatiotemporal study in experimentally cdv-infected dogs we observed diffuse up-regulation of t cells throughout the central nervous system (cns) and t cell invasion in early demyelinating lesions. invasi ... | 1999 | 9930894 |
| sequence analysis and expression of the attachment and fusion proteins of canine distemper virus wild-type strain a75/17. | the biological properties of wild-type a75/17 and cell culture-adapted onderstepoort canine distemper virus differ markedly. to learn more about the molecular basis for these differences, we have isolated and sequenced the protein-coding regions of the attachment and fusion proteins of wild-type canine distemper virus strain a75/17. in the attachment protein, a total of 57 amino acid differences were observed between the onderstepoort strain and strain a75/17, and these were distributed evenly o ... | 1999 | 9971809 |
| mucosal vaccination with recombinant poxvirus vaccines protects ferrets against symptomatic cdv infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets causes a disease characterized by fever, erythema, conjunctivitis and leukocytopenia, similar clinically to measles except for the fatal neurologic sequelae of cdv. we vaccinated juvenile ferrets twice at 4-week intervals by the intranasal or intraduodenal route with attenuated vaccinia (nyvac) or canarypox virus (alvac) constructs containing the cdv hemagglutinin and fusion genes. controls were vaccinated with the same vectors expressing rabies ... | 1999 | 9987168 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies against canine distemper virus by a new recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | canine distemper morbillivirus (cdv) infection causes a frequently fatal systemic disease in a broad range of carnivore species, including domestic dogs. in cdv infection, classical serology provides data of diagnostic and prognostic values (kinetics of seroconversion) and is also used to predict the optimal vaccination age of pups. routine cdv serology is still based on time- and cost-intensive virus neutralization assays (v-na). here, we describe a new capture-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10074525 |
| identification of cd4+ and cd8+ t cell subsets and b cells in the brain of dogs with spontaneous acute, subacute-, and chronic-demyelinating distemper encephalitis. | cd4 and cd8 antigen expression of t cells as well as b cell and canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen distribution were immunohistologically examined in the cerebellum of dogs with spontaneous distemper encephalitis. cellular and viral antigen expression were evaluated at intralesional and extralesional sites and in the perivascular space. histologically, acute and subacute non-inflammatory encephalitis and subacute inflammatory and chronic plaques were distinguished. demyelination was a feature ... | 1999 | 10077417 |
| non-purulent meningoencephalomyelitis of a pacific striped dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens). the first evidence of morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the pacific ocean around japan. | on march 22, 1998, a mature, male, hyposthenic pacific striped dolphin (lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was stranded at aoshima beach in miyazaki prefecture, japan. a necropsy performed 14 hr after death revealed mild diffuse congestion and edema of the leptomeninges and mild pulmonary atelectasis. histopathologically, non-purulent inflammatory were observed throughout the cerebrum, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed no viral inclusion ... | 1999 | 10081755 |
| oligodendroglial degeneration in distemper: apoptosis or necrosis? | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a multifocal demyelinating disease in dogs. it was previously shown that the initial demyelinating lesions are directly virus induced since a correlation between the occurrence of demyelination and cdv replication in white matter cells was observed. during the course of infection oligodendrocytes undergo distinct morphological alterations, partly due to a restricted cdv infection of these cells, and eventually disappear from the lesions. this phenomenon has be ... | 1999 | 10090676 |
| [development of a rapid method, based on the latex agglutination reaction, for diagnosing carnivore plaque]. | a highly effective rapid method for detecting carnivore plague virus antigen in dogs, based on the latex agglutination test, is developed. latex conjugate is synthesized on the base of polystyrene suspension, representing a copolymer of styrene and methacrylic acid. the immunospecific reagent is gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit serum containing antibodies specific to carnivore plague virus. the resultant latex conjugate can be used in practical veterinary as a diagnostic agent for screening dog ... | 1999 | 10190244 |
| detection of igm antibodies against a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus in dog sera using a dot-blot assay. | a dot-blot assay for the detection of igm antibodies (abs) against canine distemper virus (cdv) in canine serum is described. the diagnostic potential of this technique was evaluated by analysing sera from three test groups: (i) specific pathogen-free (spf) beagle dogs experimentally infected with virulent cdv; (ii) spf dogs immunized with a combined vaccine containing cdv, and (iii) spf dogs immunized with a cdv-free vaccine. as antigen for the dot-blot assay we used the recombinant nucleocapsi ... | 1999 | 10216448 |
| serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in raccoons from illinois. | the determination of serologic titers to infectious organisms is a valuable tool for quantitating exposure to disease organisms. raccoons (procyon lotor) were live-trapped from september 1989 to october 1993 and samples collected from two distinct locations in west-central illinois (usa); a state recreational facility (park) and privately owned farming property (farm). sera were submitted for testing leptospira interrogans (serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemmorhagiae ... | 1999 | 10231761 |
| paramyxoviruses and paget's disease: the affirmative view. | evidence has accumulated over the past 20 years to implicate paramyxoviruses in the etiopathology of paget's disease. in the usa, the predominant virus detected is mv, whereas in northwestern england, cdv is most prevalent. the viruses are known to be easily spread by aerosol transmission to the respiratory tissues, from which they gain entry to the skeletal tissues via the hematopoietic system. another characteristic of these viruses is their ability to persist at very low levels, thus evading ... | 1999 | 10321921 |
| scopulariopsis chartarum systemic mycosis in a dog. | scopulariopsis chartarum was reported as the agent of a multisystemic infection in a dog. the clinical syndromes in this dog with a fulminating mycotic disease mimicked those observed in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | 1999 | 10325393 |
| [viruses and the neuroendocrine system: model of murine obesity induced by cerebral infection by canine distemper virus]. | it is currently well established that the nervous, endocrine and immune systems inter-communicate using biologically active soluble factors, synthesised and produced by these three systems themselves (e.g. immunomodulator effect of hormones, effect of substances secreted by immune cells on endocrine function.). in addition, these systems jointly express receptors for hormones, peptides, growth factors and cytokines. immuno-neuroendocrine interactions therefore underlie physiological processes an ... | 1999 | 10377479 |
| epitopes and nuclear localization analyses of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein by expression of its deletion mutants. | a series of nucleocapsid protein (np)-deleted genes of the onderstepoort strain was constructed in order to locate antigenic regions of the np of canine distemper virus. the expression of proteins from 5'-deleted np genes was examined in cos-7 cells by indirect immunofluorescence assay using three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), c-5, f-5 and h-6, and a rabbit serum against np. these mabs reacted with two regions of np. amino acid residues from 1 to 80, and 337-358, were necessary and sufficient fo ... | 1999 | 10384892 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein (p) gene of the lapinized rinderpest virus. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of the coding region for the phosphoprotein (p) gene of the l strain of rinderpest virus (rpv). the gene encodes two overlapping open reading frames of 1521 and 531 nucleotides. use of the first atg would produce a p polypeptide of 507 amino acids, while use of the second atg would produce a c polypeptide of 177 amino acids. in addition, the insertion of an extra g residue at the editing site generates an alternative mrna potentially encoding the v protein o ... | 1999 | 10403704 |
| dominating interleukin-10 mrna expression induction in cerebrospinal fluid cells of dogs with natural canine distemper virus induced demyelinating and non-demyelinating cns lesions. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in dogs is commonly associated with demyelinating leukoencephalitis (dl). although the mechanism of primary demyelination in distemper remains undetermined recent studies showed a direct virus-induced cytolysis in early non-inflammatory and immune-mediated mechanisms in inflammatory lesions. to further investigate the pathogenesis of this morbillivirus-induced demyelination the expression of a variety of cytokine mrna species (interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, ... | 1999 | 10408963 |
| alteration of the leptin network in late morbid obesity induced in mice by brain infection with canine distemper virus. | viruses can induce progressive neurologic disorders associated with diverse pathological manifestations, and therefore, viral infection of the brain can impair differentiated neural functions, depending on the initial viral tropism. we have previously reported that canine distemper virus (cdv) targets certain mouse brain structures, including the hypothalamus, early and selectively. infected mice exhibit acute encephalitis, with late disease, characterized by motor impairment or obesity syndrome ... | 1999 | 10438820 |
| a case of narcolepsy-cataplexy associated with distemper encephalitis. | narcolepsy associated with localized brain lesions is described in a 10-month-old argentine dogo. neurological examination and mri study suggested an inflammatory lesion of the left frontal lobe. postmortem examination revealed diffuse encephalitis in the forebrain and marked necrotic lesions in the ventral pontine area. immunohistochemistry for distemper virus antigen showed positive staining of the cytoplasm of many neurones of the pons and cerebral cortex. the pathological pattern was suggest ... | 1999 | 10445004 |
| genotypes of canine distemper virus determined by analysis of the hemagglutinin genes of recent isolates from dogs in japan. | canine distemper of domestic dogs is caused by canine distemper virus (cdv), a member of the morbilliviruses. it has been a highly contagious disease of great veterinary importance for centuries, but for the last several decades it has been controlled satisfactorily by modified live vaccines. in the 1990s, however, it was described that cdv strains genetically different from vaccine strains may have caused the disease in vaccinated dogs. the highest antigenic variation is found in the h protein. ... | 1999 | 10449479 |
| humoral response and protection from experimental challenge following vaccination of raccoon pups with a modified-live canine distemper virus vaccine. | eight 8-wk-old raccoon pups (procyon lotor) with maternal canine distemper virus (cdv) neutralizing antibodies (nab) and 24 8-wk-old seronegative pups were administered a commercial modified-live cdv vaccine (galaxy, d, solvay animal health, inc., kitchener, ontario, canada). all 24 seronegative raccoons had detectable serum cdv nab titers 14 days after the initial dose. titers rose to maximum levels 4 wk post-vaccination. mean titers for groups of vaccinated seronegative pups were maintained be ... | 1999 | 10479076 |
| canine distemper virus infection in binturongs (arctictis binturong). | two binturongs (arctictis binturong) kept in outdoor exhibits at everland zoological gardens in korea died within 10 days of the onset of clinical signs that included depression, dyspnoea, diarrhoea and convulsions. on necropsy, the significant gross findings were limited to the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. proteus vulgaris was isolated from the lung of one animal. histopathologically, diffuse severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia with secondary bacterial infection was noted in the lungs ... | 1999 | 10486167 |
| morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores. | morbilliviruses infections cause significant mortality in human beings and animals. measles virus is responsible for up to two million childhood deaths annually in the developing world, while rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants cause severe epizootics in domestic and wild ruminants in areas of the world where they remain endemic. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a cause of fatal disease in many species of carnivores. distemper is controlled by vaccination in domestic dogs and farmed mink, b ... | 1999 | 10515262 |
| analysis of the h gene, the central untranslated region and the proximal coding part of the f gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper viruses. | this paper summarizes the results of the genetic analysis of several parts of the genome of canine distemper virus (cdv) field isolates and vaccine viruses. the haemagglutinin (h) gene analysis showed that recent viruses did not differ significantly from vaccine strains. the analysis of the long untranslated region between the matrix (m) and fusion (f) gene revealed distinct genetic heterogeneity. the putative f protein start codon aug461 of vaccine strain onderstepoort was found to be mutated i ... | 1999 | 10515263 |
| restricted virus protein translation in canine distemper virus inclusion body polioencephalitis. | in this study, inclusion body polioencephalitis, an uncommon form of canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced encephalitis, was investigated for viral protein and mrna expression by immunohistochemistry (ih) and in situ hybridization and, in addition, infiltrating cells were characterized by ih. lesions were predominantly found in the grey matter of the brain stem and the immune response, dominated by t cells, was associated with a strong mhc ii upregulation. abundant expression of all viral protein ... | 1999 | 10515265 |
| detection of canine distemper virus nucleoprotein rna by reverse transcription-pcr using serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper. | reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was used to detect canine distemper virus (cdv) nucleoprotein (np) rna in serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from 38 dogs with clinically suspected distemper. results were correlated to clinical findings, anti-cdv neutralizing antibody titers, postmortem findings, and demonstration of cdv np antigen by immunohistochemistry. the specificity of the rt-pcr was ensured by amplification of rna from various laboratory cdv strains, restriction e ... | 1999 | 10523566 |
| ctl epitopes identified with a defective recombinant adenovirus expressing measles virus nucleoprotein and evaluation of their protective capacity in mice. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to measles virus (mv) play an important role in recovery from infection, with one of the major target proteins for ctl activity being the nucleoprotein (np). in this report, a replication-deficient adenovirus-5 recombinant, expressing for mv np (rad68) was tested for in vivo priming of mv np-specific ctl responses in balb/c and cba mice. in both strains of mice strong np-specific ctl responses were induced and these responses were shown to be mhc class i re ... | 1999 | 10564754 |
| characterization of infectious murray valley encephalitis virus derived from a stably cloned genome-length cdna. | an infectious cdna clone of murray valley encephalitis virus prototype strain 1-51 (mve-1-51) was constructed by stably inserting genome-length cdna into the low-copy-number plasmid vector pmc18. designated pmve-1-51, the clone consisted of genome-length cdna of mve-1-51 under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. the clone was constructed by using existing components of a cdna library, in addition to cdna of the 3' terminus derived by rt-pcr of poly(a)-tailed viral rna. upon comparison w ... | 1999 | 10567642 |
| hydroxyurea potentiates the antiherpesvirus activities of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside and nucleoside phosphonate analogs. | hydroxyurea has been shown to potentiate the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs such as didanosine. we have now evaluated in vitro the effect of hydroxyurea on the antiherpesvirus activities of several nucleoside analogs (acyclovir [acv], ganciclovir [gcv], penciclovir [pcv], lobucavir [lbv], (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine [h2g], and brivudin and nucleoside phosphonate analogs (cidofovir [cdv] and adefovir [adv]). when evaluated in cy ... | 1999 | 10582877 |
| establishment of a persistent mutant of canine distemper virus. | we produced a b95a lymphoid cell line persistently infected with canine distemper virus (cdv), in which virus-specific antigens were present in nearly 100% of cells without causing cytopathic effect. the virus recovered from this cell line was able to infect fresh b95a cells persistently, indicating that a persistent cdv was established. | 1999 | 10617930 |
| presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus type 1 in free-ranging jackals (canis adustus and canis mesomelas) in zimbabwe. | a survey of free-ranging jackals (canis adustus and canis mesomelas) in zimbabwe was conducted to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1). sera from 16 canis adustus and 22 canis mesomelas were collected from 1990 to 1993 from various regions of zimbabwe and assayed by means of immunofluorescent techniques. seroprevalence in c. adustus and c. mesomelas respectively were 50% and 63.6% for cdv, 12.5% ... | 1999 | 10631712 |
| [distemper of carnivore: proliferative activity of lymphocytes in sick and vaccinated dogs]. | effect of inoculation with canine distemper virus (cdv) strains of various virulence or vaccination with commercial polyvalent preparations on the immune status of puppies has been studied. serum interferon concentration did not change, irrespective of the strain appurtenance of cdv, while the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased on days 4-14 after the virus inoculation. according to the lymphocyte stimulation test (lst), virulent strain snyder hill and reactogenic variant u we ... | 1999 | 10665060 |
| pneumocystosis associated with canine distemper virus infection in a mink. | an adult mink from a farm experiencing 100% mortality in affected animals was submitted for diagnostic examination. clinical history included signs of respiratory disease, oculonasal discharge, and thickening of footpads. canine distemper virus and pneumocystis carinii were identified in lung tissue, suggesting immunosuppresion and secondary infection due to morbillivirus disease. | 1999 | 12001338 |
| grease, anthraxgate, and kennel cough: a revisionist history of early veterinary vaccines. | in conclusion, it is remarkable just how farsighted many of the early vaccine investigators were. jenner was apparently very comfortable with contagion and even recognized that infectious agents could gradually change and adapt to a new species. pasteur, long before his fowl cholera experiment, dreamed that attenuation could yield safe vaccines and it took him no time at all therefore to recognize the significance of that serendipitous experiment. the fact that two other investigators were also ... | 1999 | 9890006 |
| forty years of canine vaccination. | during the last 40 years vaccines have been developed that have greatly reduced the incidence of infectious diseases of dogs. in general, modified live products have been superior to inactivated vaccines for dogs. it can be expected that recombinant and/or dna vaccines may dominate the market in the future. although most vaccines on the market are safe and efficacious, there have been exceptions where disease was induced by vaccination or dogs were not protected. the failure of protection may in ... | 1999 | 9890024 |
| cross-species vaccination in wild and exotic animals. | these are two examples of organisms which may cause morbidity and/or mortality among numerous unrelated species. since it is cost prohibitive in most instances to have a biological licensed for wild or exotic species, it remains a challenge to the zoo or wildlife veterinarian to determine if a licensed vaccine for other species is safe and efficacious for a particular exotic species. | 1999 | 9890042 |
| some experiments and field observations of distemper in mink and ferrets. | 1999 | 9890043 | |
| immunohistochemical detection of canine distemper virus in haired skin, nasal mucosa, and footpad epithelium: a method for antemortem diagnosis of infection. | a reliable antemortem diagnostic method is needed for determining infection with canine distemper virus (cdv). the utility of immunohistochemical detection of cdv antigen was examined was examined for samples of nasal and footpad epithelium and haired skin in dogs with and without detectable cdv antigen in the lung and/or brain. tissues from 57 dogs at risk of cdv infection were tested. viral antigen was found in the lung and/or brain of 28 dogs. among these dogs, viral antigen was demonstrated ... | 1999 | 12968751 |
| [significance of paramyxovirinae protein f in physiopathology and immunity]. | the paramyxovirinae sub-family contains viruses of major importance for humans (measles and mumps viruses) and animals (newcastle disease virus, canine distemper virus, rinderpest virus) but also zoonotic viruses (hendra and nipah viruses). newcastle disease virus, a rubulavirus, which is specific of birds, can be used as a model for understanding the pathogenicity mechanisms of paramyxovirinae and for the study of vaccination against the diseases they cause. the f protein of pathogenic strains ... | 2000 | 11268674 |
| canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores: a review. | canine distemper virus is a member of the genus morbillivirus in the family paramyxoviridae. canine distemper has been recorded in domestic dogs for centuries. it is now recognized as a worldwide problem of carnivores and has the second highest fatality rate of any infectious disease, after rabies, in domestic dogs. the importance of this disease in nondomestic animals has become evident with vaccine-induced infections in a variety of species and large-scale epidemics in captive and free-ranging ... | 2000 | 11428391 |
| tyzzer's disease in a red panda (ailurus fulgens fulgens). | a debilitated 9-yr-old female red panda (ailurus fulgens fulgens) with a recent history of corticosteroid administration displayed anorexia, depression, and diarrhea for 2 days. blood work revealed a moderate nonregenerative anemia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. serology was negative for occult heartworm, toxoplasma gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency vi ... | 2000 | 11428405 |
| up-regulation of the hyaluronate receptor cd44 in canine distemper demyelinated plaques. | cd44 antigen (cd44), the principle cell surface receptor for hyaluronate, is up-regulated in the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis on fibrous astrocytes. as astrocytes are the main target cell of canine distemper virus (cdv), the consequences of a cdv infection on the cd44 expression and distribution in brains with spontaneous demyelinating canine distemper encephalitis (cde) were of interest. thirteen acute, 35 subacute, and 11 chronic plaques of nine dogs with immunohistologically ... | 2000 | 10672320 |
| sequence analysis of the genes encoding the phosphoprotein of recent isolates of canine distemper virus in japan. | the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (p) of canine distemper virus (cdv) strains isolated between 1992 and 1996 in japan were determined. this is the first report of the complete sequences of the p genes of recently prevalent cdv strains. the deduced amino acid sequences of the p, c and v proteins showed that in the new japanese isolates, these proteins have approximately 93%, 90-91% and 92% identities with those of the onderstepoort vaccine strain, respectively. the predicted function ... | 2000 | 10676898 |
| phenotypical characterization of t and b cell areas in lymphoid tissues of dogs with spontaneous distemper. | cd3, cd4, cd5, and cd8 antigen expression of t cells and igg expression of b cells and canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen distribution were immunohistochemically examined in lymphoid tissues (lymph node, spleen, thymus, and tonsil) of control dogs and animals with spontaneous canine distemper. in addition, cns tissue of all animals was studied for neuropathological changes and cdv antigen distribution. based on the degree of depletion distemper dogs were classified into two groups. group i rep ... | 2000 | 10678401 |
| canine distemper virus infection in binturongs (arctictis binturong). | 2000 | 10690787 | |
| antigenic differences in the h proteins of canine distemper viruses. | antigenic properties between new japanese field isolates and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (cdv) have been compared using four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (jd-5, jd-7, jd-11 and d-7) against the hemagglutinin (h) proteins of cdv. jd-5, jd-7 and jd-11 are newly established antibodies. three mabs, namely d-7, jd-5 and jd-11, reacted similarly to all the cdv strains examined. however, jd-7 reacted much more strongly with the vaccine strains and an old field isolate than the recent fiel ... | 2000 | 10703710 |
| serological and demographic evidence for domestic dogs as a source of canine distemper virus infection for serengeti wildlife. | following an epidemic of canine distemper virus (cdv) in serengeti lions in 1994, the role of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of the disease was investigated by serological and demographic analyses. from 1992 to 1994, data were collected from two domestic dog populations bordering the serengeti national park. several lines of evidence indicated that patterns of cdv infection differed significantly between higher-density dog populations of serengeti district to the west of the park and lower-de ... | 2000 | 10727832 |