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sars-cov-2 in environmental perspective: occurrence, persistence, surveillance, inactivation and challenges.the unprecedented global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by sars-cov-2 is depicting the distressing pandemic consequence on human health, economy as well as ecosystem services. so far novel coronavirus (cov) outbreaks were associated with sars-cov-2 (2019), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov, 2012), and sars-cov-1 (2003) events. cov relates to the enveloped family of betacoronavirus (βcov) with positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna). knowing ...202132901196
production of monoclonal antibodies targeting aminopeptidase n in the porcine intestinal mucosal epithelium.porcine aminopeptidase n (apn), a membrane-bound metallopeptidase abundantly present in small intestinal mucosa, can initiate a mucosal immune response without any interference such as low protein expression, enzyme inactivity, or structural changes. this makes apn an attractive candidate in the development of vaccines that selectively target the mucosal epithelium. previous studies have shown that apn is a receptor protein for both enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (e. coli) f4 and transmissible ...202134096912
novel sars-cov-2/covid-19: origin, pathogenesis, genes and genetic variations, immune responses and phylogenetic analysis.in this review, we focused on the origins of the novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2), origin, pathogenesis, immune responses, genes and genetic variations, phylogenetic analyses, and potential therapeutic strategies to summarize approaches for developing broadly effective preventions and vaccines to cope covid-19. towards the end of 2019, sars-cov-2 has emerged in association with the sars, later was named covid-19 caused an environment of chaos worldwide and infected a massive number of lives. since ...202032566803
inhibition of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) multiplication in vitro by non-immune lymphocytes.in vitro studies were undertaken to examine the effects of non-immune porcine peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) on a coronavirus infection due to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). the assay consisted of tgev-infected epithelial cells expressing viral antigens on the cell surface and producing low amounts of interferon (ifn). non-immune pbl were found to limit virus replication at an effector-to-target ratio of 100/1 even when effector cells were depleted of phagocytic cells. neutralizi ...202032288183
cd163 and papn double-knockout pigs are resistant to prrsv and tgev and exhibit decreased susceptibility to pdcov while maintaining normal production performance.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) are two highly infectious and lethal viruses causing major economic losses to pig production. here, we report generation of double-gene-knockout (dko) pigs harboring edited knockout alleles for known receptor proteins cd163 and papn and show that dko pigs are completely resistant to genotype 2 prrsv and tgev. we found no differences in meat-production or reproductive-performance traits betw ...202032876563
receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors block proliferation of tgev mainly through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.emerging coronaviruses (covs) primarily cause severe gastroenteric or respiratory diseases in humans and animals, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. here, a9, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rtki) of the tyrphostin class, is identified as a robust inhibitor of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection in cell-based assays. moreover, a9 exhibited potent antiviral activity against the replication of various covs, including murine hepatitis virus (mhv), porcine e ...202031751591
prevalence and genomic characteristics of a novel reassortment mammalian orthoreovirus type 2 in diarrhea piglets in sichuan, china.mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), which can infect almost all mammals, is a zoonotic virus. in this study, six strains of type 2 mrv (mrv2) were isolated from 7 diarrhea piglets from a farm that had an outbreak of diarrhea in piglets in 2018, which tested negative for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and porcine group a rotavirus (rav). the mrv2 isolate infected neonatal piglets, in which it induced severe ...202032544614
surface-displayed porcine ifn-λ3 in lactobacillus plantarum inhibits porcine enteric coronavirus infection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells.interferon (ifn)-λ plays an essential role in mucosal cells which exhibit strong antiviral activity. lactobacillus plantarum (l. plantarum) has substantial application potential in the food and medical industries because of its probiotic properties. alphacoronaviruses, especially porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), cause high morbidity and mortality in piglets resulting in economic loss. co-infection by these two viruses is becoming increasingly ...202031838830
biological and antigenic relationships between virus-induced porcine and human interferons.endogenous interferon (ifn) made by the newborn piglet in response to enteric coronavirus tgev (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) infection was identified as leukocytic ifn (ifn-α). indeed, the antiviral activity found in the serum and in the urine of infected piglets displayed the same main biological and antigenic properties as the ifn induced in influenza-infected pig leukocytes. it is therefore concluded that most, if not all, circulating ifn activity must be derived from lymphoid cells. ...202032288182
application of nanomaterials in treatment, anti-infection and detection of coronaviruses.nanotechnology and nanomedicine have excellent potential in dealing with a range of different health problems, including viruses, which are considered to be a serious challenge in the medical field. application of nanobiotechnology could represent a new avenue for the treatment or disinfection of viruses. there is increasing concern regarding the control of coronaviruses, among these, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute res ...202032378459
rhodanine derivative lj001 inhibits tgev and pdcov replication in vitro.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are members of the family coronaviridae and mainly cause acute diarrhea/vomiting, dehydration and mortality in piglets, which lead to huge economic losses to the swine industry. rhodanine derivative lj001 has been verified to be effective against some enveloped virus infections in vitro. in this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of lj001 towards tgev and pdcov replication on swine testicular(st) cells. our r ...202032956749
postweaning mortality in commercial swine production ii: review of infectious contributing factors.postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. in the current review, our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. while infectious mortality is often categorized by physiologic body system affected, we believe the complex multifactorial nature is better understood by an alternative stra ...202032705048
agrodiag porcov: a multiplex immunoassay for the differential diagnosis of porcine enteric coronaviruses.three different porcine enteric coronaviruses (pecs), i.e., porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are currently circulating in u.s. commercial swine herds. differential diagnosis of pecs relies on laboratory methods. this study describes the development of an elisa-like multiplex planar immunoassay based on virus-specific recombinant s1 proteins printed in an array of spots at the bottom of a 96-well microplate for ...202032562689
rapid and visual detection of porcine deltacoronavirus by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly emerging coronavirus that was first identified in 2012 in hong kong, china. since then, pdcov has subsequently been reported worldwide, causing a high number of neonatal piglet deaths and significant economic losses to the swine industry. therefore, it is necessary to establish a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid diagnosis of pdcov.202032381014
detecting and monitoring porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, an underresearched betacoronavirus.members of family coronaviridae cause a variety of diseases in birds and mammals. porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (phev), a lesser-researched coronavirus, can infect naive pigs of any age, but clinical disease is observed in pigs ≤4 weeks of age. no commercial phev vaccines are available, and neonatal protection from phev-associated disease is presumably dependent on lactogenic immunity. although subclinical phev infections are thought to be common, phev ecology in commercial sw ...202032376700
the use of cells from anpep knockout pigs to evaluate the role of aminopeptidase n (apn) as a receptor for porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov).the coronaviruses, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) represent important sources of neonatal diarrhea on pig farms. the requirement for aminopeptidase n (apn) as a receptor for tgev, but not for pedv, is well established. in this study, the biological relevance of apn as a receptor for pdcov was tested by using crispr/cas9 to knockout the apn gene, anpep, in pigs. porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) from anpep ...202032056711
nucleocapsid proteins from other swine enteric coronaviruses differentially modulate pedv replication.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) share tropism for swine intestinal epithelial cells. whether mixing of viral components during co-infection alters pathogenic outcomes or viral replication is not known. in this study, we investigated how different coronavirus nucleocapsid (cov n) proteins interact and affect pedv replication. we found that pdcov n and tgev n can competitively interact with pedv n. however, the ...202031756532
development of a multiplex rt-pcr for the detection of major diarrhoeal viruses in pig herds in china.the major enteric rna viruses in pigs include porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine rotavirus a (prv-a), porcine kobuvirus (pkv), porcine sapovirus (psav) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov). for differential diagnosis, a multiplex rt-pcr method was established on the basis of the n genes of tgev, pedv and pdcov, the vp7 gene of prv-a, and the polyprotein genes of pkv and psav. this multiplex rt-pcr could specifically detect tgev, pedv, pdc ...202031597013
evolution of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev): a codon usage perspective.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus associated with diarrhea and high mortality in piglets. to gain insight into the evolution and adaptation of tgev, a comprehensive analysis of phylogeny and codon usage bias was performed. the phylogenetic analyses of maximum likelihood and bayesian inference displayed two distinct genotypes: genotypes i and ii, and genotype i was classified into subtypes ia and ib. the compositional properties revealed that the coding sequence containe ...202033114322
assessments of different inactivating reagents in formulating transmissible gastroenteritis virus vaccine.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes enteric infection in piglets, characterized by vomiting, severe diarrhea and dehydration, and the mortality in suckling piglets is often high up to 100%. vaccination is an effective measure to control the disease caused by tgev.202033097081
covid 19 an infectious disease influenced in modern era - recent survey in india.the virus which is called as corona spoiling many of human lives as well as countries growth. coronavirus is an infectious disease, so spreading from one person to other easily. till now there is no medicine for corona. world health organization (who) taking lot of steps to control it. in india many of them get affected by coronavirus called covid-19. a household survey is conducted nationally through online. this survey is a method for checking knowledge about the infectious virus. in this onli ...202033078095
antiviral effects of bovine antimicrobial peptide against tgev in vivo and in vitro.in suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. this study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (apb-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions.202033016025
nitazoxanide and jib-04 have broad-spectrum antiviral activity and inhibit sars-cov-2 replication in cell culture and coronavirus pathogenesis in a pig model.pathogenic coronaviruses represent a major threat to global public health. here, using a recombinant reporter virus-based compound screening approach, we identified several small-molecule inhibitors that potently block the replication of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (sars-cov-2). two compounds, nitazoxanide and jib-04 inhibited sars-cov-2 replication in vero e6 cells with an ec 50 of 4.90 μm and 0.69 μm, respectively, with specificity indices of greater than 150. b ...202032995798
next-generation porcine intestinal organoids: an apical-out organoid model for swine enteric virus infection and immune response investigations.the intestinal organoid culture system is a pathbreaking working model for investigating pathogen-host interactions in the intestines. however, due to the limitations of the first generation of intestinal organoids, basal-out structure and growth in matrigel, most pathogens can rarely attach to the apical membrane directly and hardly initiate infection. in this study, we first developed a next-generation porcine intestinal organoid culture system, characterized by an apical membrane on the surfa ...202032796075
genus-specific pattern of intrinsically disordered central regions in the nucleocapsid protein of coronaviruses.the nucleocapsid (n) protein is conserved in all four genera of the coronaviruses, namely alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, and is essential for genome functionality. bioinformatic analysis of coronaviral n sequences revealed two intrinsically disordered regions (idrs) at the center of the polypeptide. while both idr structures were found in alpha, beta, and gamma-coronaviruses, the second idr was absent in deltacoronaviruses. two novel coronaviruses, currently placed in the gammacoronavirus genus, ...202032765822
antiviral and virucidal effects of curcumin on transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro.emerging coronaviruses represent serious threats to human and animal health worldwide, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. here, we used transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) as the alpha-coronavirus model, and investigated the antiviral properties of curcumin against tgev. our results demonstrated that curcumin strongly inhibited tgev proliferation and viral protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. we also observed that curcumin exhibited direct virucidal abilities ...202032677610
molecular diversity of alphacoronavirus 1 in dogs and cats in colombia.alphacoronavirus 1 (subgenus tegacovirus, genus alphacoronavirus, family coronaviridae), which encompasses transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), feline coronavirus (fcov) and canine coronavirus (ccov), is an important pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis and is distributed worldwide. ccov has two different genotypes: ccov type i, which has a high identity with fcov-i, and ccov type ii, which is divided into two subtypes, ccov iia (pantropic) and ccov iib, which is related to fcov ...202032665984
microrna-4331-5p promotes fmdv replication through inhibiting interferon pathways in pk-15 cells.micrornas play vital roles in regulating the battle between pathogens and host cells during viral challenging. mir-4331 aggravates transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) -induced mitochondrial damage, also suppresses transcription of tgev gene 7 via targeting cellular cdca7. otherwise, mir-4331-5p affects h1n1/2009 influenza a virus replication by targeting viral ha and ns. however, whether microrna ssc-mir-4331-5p (mir-4331-5p) regulates foot and mouth virus (fmdv) replication remains uncle ...202032574680
role of porcine aminopeptidase n and sialic acids in porcine coronavirus infections in primary porcine enterocytes.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) have been reported to use aminopeptidase n (apn) as a cellular receptor. recently, the role of apn as a receptor for pedv has been questioned. in our study, the role of apn in pedv and tgev infections was studied in primary porcine enterocytes. after seven days of cultivation, 89% of enterocytes presented microvilli and showed a two- to five-fold higher susceptibility to pedv and tgev. a significant increase of ...202032260595
characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a natural recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis virus in china.porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is one of the major etiological agents of viral enteritis and fetal diarrhea in suckling piglets. in this study, a tgev js2012 strain was isolated from the feces of piglets in jiangsu province, china. the phylogenetic analysis showed that tgev js2012 was placed between the purdue and the miller clusters. analysis of recombination confirmed that tgev js2012 is a natural recombinant strain between miller m6 and purdue 115. similar to miller m6, vi ...202032174456
establishment of method for dual simultaneous detection of pedv and tgev by combination of magnetic micro-particles and nanoparticles.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in pig, mixed infections of these two viruses are very common in intensive pig rearing. however, there is a lack of a method to simultaneously detect and distinguish pedv and tgev in preclinical levels. in this study, we aimed to establish a dual ultrasensitive nanoparticle dna probe-based pcr assay (dual undp-pcr) based on functionalized magnetic bead enrichment an ...202032147375
identification and characterization of linear b cell epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using monoclonal antibodies.the nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the most important pathogen causing severe diarrhea in piglets, is a highly conserved structural protein. in this study, 5 monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against the pedv n-protein were prepared and identified. three new epitopes, 56qirwrmrrgeri67, 318gyaqiaslapnvaallfggnva vre342 and 398heeaiyddv406, were firstly identified in the viral n-protein, by using mcabs 3f10, 6a11, and 1c9. the epitope 398heeaiyddv406 was deleted in ...202032142743
structural basis for inhibiting porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication with the 3c-like protease inhibitor gc376.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), being highly virulent and contagious in piglets, has caused significant damage to the pork industries of many countries worldwide. there are no commercial drugs targeting coronaviruses (covs), and few studies on anti-pedv inhibitors. the coronavirus 3c-like protease (3clpro) has a conserved structure and catalytic mechanism and plays a key role during viral polyprotein processing, thus serving as an appealing antiviral drug target. here, we report the anti ...202032098094
decreased nhe3 activity and trafficking in tgev-infected ipec-j2 cells via the sglt1-mediated p38 mapk/akt2 pathway.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) primarily replicates in intestinal epithelial cells and causes severe damage to host cells, resulting in diarrhea. surface nhe3 serves as the key regulatory site controlling electroneutral na+ absorption. in this study, our results showed that the surface nhe3 content was significantly reduced following tgev infection, whereas the total level of protein expression was not significantly changed, and nhe3 activity gradually decreased with prolonged infect ...202032070687
dynamics of transmissible gastroenteritis virus internalization unraveled by single-virus tracking in live cells.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes significant economic losses in swine industry. current studies on tgev internalization mainly focus on viral receptors, but the internalization mechanism is still unclear. in this study, we used single-virus tracking to obtain the detailed insights into the dynamic events of the tgev internalization and depict the whole sequential process. we observed that tgevs could be internalized through clathrin- ...202032017270
transmissible gastroenteritis virus targets paneth cells to inhibit the self-renewal and differentiation of lgr5 intestinal stem cells via notch signaling.infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) has been associated with villous atrophy within 48 h, which seriously disrupts intestinal homeostasis. however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. in this study, we found that tgev infection severely disrupted intestinal homeostasis via inhibition of self-renewal and differentiation in lgr5 intestinal stem cells (iscs). profoundly, tgev-encoded nsp10/nsp16 protein complex-mediated the inactivation of notch signaling provided a mech ...202031959773
anti-tgev miller strain infection effect of lactobacillus plantarum supernatant based on the jak-stat1 signaling pathway.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), is one many gastrointestinal inflections in piglets, characterized by diarrhea, and high mortality. probiotics are ubiquitous bacteria in animal intestines, which have many functions, such as promoting intestinal peristalsis and maintaining the intestinal balance. we found that the supernatant of the lp-1 strain of lactobacillus plantarum, isolated in our laboratory, and named lp-1s had marked anti-tgev ef ...201931781061
mortalin restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry by downregulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis.clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a mechanism used for the invasion of cells by a variety of viruses. mortalin protein is involved in a variety of cellular functions and plays a role in viral infection. in this study, we found that mortalin significantly inhibited the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through restricting virus entry. mechanistically, a biochemical interaction between the carboxyl terminus of mortalin and clathrin heavy chain (cltc) was been found, and mortalin ...201931767073
identification and analysis of long non-coding rnas that are involved in inflammatory process in response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection can cause acute inflammation. long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) play important roles in a number of biological process including inflammation response. however, whether lncrnas participate in tgev-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (ipecs) is largely unknown.201931684870
prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrheic and non-diarrheic samples from pig farms with neonatal diarrhea in the north east of spain.diarrhea is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality in pigs. in the present study, 31 pig farms with outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea were investigated in catalonia (ne spain) from february 2017 until june 2018. two hundred and fifteen diarrheic samples from 1 to 7 days old piglets were tested for a panel of enteric pathogens. in 19 of the studied farms additional fecal samples from apparently healthy pen-mates were collected and tested for the same panel of infectious agents. samples were b ...201931585655
aminopeptidase n-null neonatal piglets are protected from transmissible gastroenteritis virus but not porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.swine enteric diseases have caused significant economic loss and have been considered as the major threat to the global swine industry. several coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), have been identified as the causative agents of these diseases. effective measures to control these diseases are lacking. the major host cells of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus have thought to be epithel ...201931515498
efficacy and immunogenicity of a live l. acidophilus expressing sad epitope of transmissible gastroenteritis virus as an oral vaccine.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes great economic loss to swine industry worldwide. vaccination is an important method to control the tgev infection. in this study, a tgev oral vaccine was generated by transferring a eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid carrying the sad (a and d antigenic sites of the s protein) epitope of tgev into a swine-origin lactobacillus acidophilus (l. acidophilus). in orally immunized balb/c mice, the tgev l. acidophilus oral vaccine induced signific ...201931507196
coronavirus genomic rna packaging.rna viruses carry out selective packaging of their genomes in a variety of ways, many involving a genomic packaging signal. the first coronavirus packaging signal was discovered nearly thirty years ago, but how it functions remains incompletely understood. this review addresses the current state of knowledge of coronavirus genome packaging, which has mainly been studied in two prototype species, mouse hepatitis virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. despite the progress that has been mad ...201931505321
porcine il-12 plasmid as an adjuvant improves the cellular and humoral immune responses of dna vaccine targeting transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike gene in a mouse model.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), is a highly infectious disease in pigs. vaccination is an effective approach to prevent tgev infection. here, we evaluated the potential of tgev s1 as a dna vaccine and porcine interleukin (pil)-12 as an adjuvant in a mouse model. a dna vaccine was constructed with the tgev s1 gene to induce immune response in an experimental mouse model; pil-12 was chosen as the immunological adjuvant within this dna vacc ...201931474664
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus inhibits nf-κb activity via nonstructural protein 3 to evade host immune system.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the family coronaviridae, causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets. previous studies have revealed that the coronaviruses develop various strategies to evade the host innate immunity through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signaling pathway. however, the ability of tgev to inhibit the host innate immune response by modulating the nf-κb signaling pathway is not clear.201931382996
comparative evaluation of enteric bacterial culture and a molecular multiplex syndromic panel in children with acute gastroenteritis.although enteric multianalyte syndromic panels are increasingly employed, direct comparisons with traditional methods and the inclusion of host phenotype correlations are limited. luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) and culture results are highly concordant. however, phenotypic and microbiological confirmatory testing raises concerns regarding the accuracy of the gpp, especially for salmonella spp. a total of 3,089 children with gastroenteritis submitted stool specimens, rectal sw ...201930971465
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase negatively regulates porcine intestinal coronavirus replication by the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol.cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ch25h) has been shown lately to be a host restriction factor that encodes an enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidized form of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc). a series of studies have shown that 25hc activity in hosts plays a vital role in inhibiting viral infection. in this study, we explored the antiviral effect of ch25h and 25hc on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes high mortality rates in newborn piglets with severe diarrhea, and consider ...201930955800
multiplex detection of six swine viruses on an integrated centrifugal disk using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.advances in molecular testing and microfluidic technologies have opened new avenues for rapid detection of animal viruses. we used a centrifugal microfluidic disk (cmfd) to detect 6 important swine viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory swine virus-north american genotype, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus, and porcine parvovirus. through integrating the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method and mic ...201930947641
pigment visibility on rectal swabs used to detect enteropathogens: a prospective cohort study.data are lacking regarding the impact of visible pigment on rectal swab diagnostic accuracy. we describe the test characteristics of rectal swabs with and without pigment in children with gastroenteritis. between december 2014 and september 2017, children (age, <18 years) with ≥3 episodes of vomiting and/or diarrhea in a 24-h period and symptoms for <7 days were enrolled through two pediatric emergency departments and from a province-wide nursing telephone advice line in alberta, canada. specime ...201930944189
glass wool concentration optimization for the detection of enveloped and non-enveloped waterborne viruses.an extremely affordable virus concentration method based on adsorption-elution to glass wool and subsequent reconcentration through polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg) precipitation was optimized to recover not only non-enveloped viruses but also enveloped viruses. hepatitis a virus (hav) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were employed as surrogates for naked and enveloped viruses, respectively, to set up the methodology. initial experimentation in small-volume samples showed that both t ...201930903596
simultaneous detection of five pig viruses associated with enteric disease in pigs using evagreen real-time pcr combined with melting curve analysis.in recent years, a series of porcine diarrhea viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotaviruses of group a (rva), rotaviruses of group c (rvc), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) caused enormous economic losses all over the world. while any of these viruses is capable to cause disease alone, there is often concurrent infection with more than one virus on pig farms. in this study, a multiplex real-time pcr method based on evagreen fluores ...201930844408
construction and characterization of porcine single-chain fragment variable antibodies that neutralize transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection causes severe diarrhea in piglets and imposes a significant economic burden on pig farms. single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibodies effectively inhibit virus infection and could be a potential therapeutic reagent for preventing disease. in this study, a recombinant scfv antibody phage display library was constructed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of piglets infected with tgev. the library was screened with four rounds of biopanning u ...201930729994
molecular characteristics of a novel recombinant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a contagious viral disease in pigs, caused by the coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). pedv infection results in significant mortality in piglets in unvaccinated herds. like many others rna viruses, pedv has high evolutionary rate and is prone to genetic mutations. in this study, we analyzed the complete genome sequence of the recently sequenced isolate pedv/belgorod/dom/2008. a recombination event in s gene of pedv/belgorod/dom/2008 was detected ...201930725181
two critical n-terminal epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein contribute to the cross-reactivity between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus.both porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which cause high mortality in piglets and produce similar clinical symptoms and histopathological morphology, belong to the genus alphacoronavirus. serological diagnosis plays an important role in distinguishing pathogen species. together with the spike (s) protein, the nucleocapsid (n) protein is one of the immunodominant regions among coronaviruses. in this study, two-way antigenic cross-reacti ...201930652967
production of porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) site-specific edited pigs.porcine viral diarrhea is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease in pigs which causes huge economic losses in pig industry worldwide. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is main pathogens responsible for piglets viral diarrhea. knockout the host cellular surface receptor for tgev may be an effective way to accelerate the breeding of resistant pigs. in this study, we applied site-specific editing papn which is effective in swine testis (st) cells. site-specific editing of papn redu ...201930623527
microrna-222 attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction during transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a member of coronaviridae family. our previous research showed that tgev infection could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulate mir-222 level. therefore, we presumed that mir-222 might be implicated in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tgev infection. to verify the hypothesis, the effect of mir-222 on mitochondrial dysfunction was tested and we showed that mir-222 attenuated tgev-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. to investigat ...201930257878
transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection up-regulates fcrn expression via nucleocapsid protein and secretion of tgf-β in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine intestinal coronavirus that causes fatal severe watery diarrhea in piglets. the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) is the only igg transport receptor, its expression on mucosal surfaces is triggered upon viral stimulation, which significantly enhances mucosal immunity. we utilized tgev as a model pathogen to explore the role of fcrn in resisting viral invasion in overall intestinal mucosal immunity. tgev induced fcrn expression by activating nf-κb ...201932038538
dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo)-based real-time rt-pcr assay for accurate differentiation of four major viruses causing porcine viral diarrhea.currently in china, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine rotavirus (porv), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are the major causes of porcine viral diarrhea, and mixed infections in clinics are common, resulting in significant economic losses in pig industry. here, a dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo)-based multiplex real-time sybr green rt-pcr assay were developed for accurately differentiating pedv, tgev, porv, and pdcov in clinical spec ...201931415867
prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine diarrhea associated viruses in southern china from 2012 to 2018.in china, large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea caused by viruses have occurred in pigs since late 2010. to investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, a total of 2987 field diarrheal samples collected from 168 pig farms in five provinces in southern china during 2012-2018 were tested.201931881873
a conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 from alphacoronaviruses inhibits host gene expression and is critical for viral virulence.coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded rna viruses that are distributed worldwide. they include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and the human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), many of which seriously endanger human health and well-being. only alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses harbor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), which performs multip ...201931350335
retrospective detection and phylogenetic analysis of swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus in pigs in southern china.swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov), a novel coronavirus, was first discovered in southern china in january 2017 and caused a large scale outbreak of fatal diarrheal disease in piglets. here, we conducted a retrospective investigation of 236 samples from 45 swine farms with a clinical history of diarrheal disease to evaluate the emergence and the distribution of sads-cov in pigs in china. our results suggest that sads-cov has emerged in china at least since august 2016. meanwhi ...201930171801
interferon gamma inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection mediated by an irf1 signaling pathway.interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is best known for its ability to regulate host immune responses; however, its direct antiviral activity is less well studied. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an economically important swine enteric coronavirus and causes acute diarrhea in piglets. at present, little is known about the function of ifn-γ in the control of tgev infection. in this study, we demonstrated that ifn-γ inhibited tgev infection directly in st cells and intestine epithelial ipec-j2 ce ...201931385116
recombinant chimeric transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) - porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) virus provides protection against virulent pedv.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an enteric coronavirus causing high morbidity and mortality in porcine herds worldwide. although both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used, the emergence of highly virulent strains and the recurrent outbreaks even in vaccinated farms highlight the need of effective vaccines. engineering of genetically defined live attenuated vaccines is a rational approach for novel vaccine development. in this line, we engineered an attenu ...201931349683
susceptibility of porcine ipi-2i intestinal epithelial cells to infection with swine enteric coronaviruses.swine enteric coronavirus (cov) is an important group of pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets. at least four kinds of swine enteric covs have been identified, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and the emerging hku2-like porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (peav). the small intestines, particularly the jejunum and ileum, are the most common targets of these four covs in vivo, and co-infections by these cov ...201931176408
a taqman-probe-based multiplex real-time rt-qpcr for simultaneous detection of porcine enteric coronaviruses.swine enteric coronaviruses are a group of most significant pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets with similar clinical symptoms and pathological changes. to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, and high-throughput detection method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis on swine enteric coronaviruses, specific primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved regions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) n, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) m, porcine deltacoronavirus ( ...201931025076
prospects for the use of spherical gold nanoparticles in immunization.recent years have seen extremely fast development of new viral nanovaccines and diagnostic agents using nanostructures prepared by biological and chemical synthesis. we used spherical gold nanoparticles (average diameter, 15 nm) as a platform for the antigen for swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). the literature data demonstrate that immunization of animals with the tgev antigen coupled to gold nanoparticles (gnps) not only activates antigen-presenting cells but also increases the ...201930402771
resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase n-deficient pigs.the alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a consequence of dehydration caused by the infection and necrosis of enterocytes. the biological relevance of amino peptidase n (anpep) as a putative receptor for tgev and pedv in pigs was evaluated by using crispr/cas9 to edit exon 2 of anpep resulting in a premature stop codon. knockout pigs possessing the null anpep phenoty ...201930315482
molecular epidemiology and characterization of porcine adenoviruses in pigs with diarrhea in thailand.pigs have been assumed as a source of human viral infections. surveillance of viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine economic impact. a number of studies focused mainly on well- known enteritis viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prva), however, little data is available for porcine adenovirus (padv). in this study, the presence of padv was inves ...201930391718
detection and differentiation of five diarrhea related pig viruses utilizing a multiplex pcr assay.porcine viral diarrhea, mainly caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (rva), porcine group c rotaviruses (rvc) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), is a serious global problem, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry. for fast and reliable diagnosis of the causative agent associated with viral diarrhea in pigs, an inexpensive and easy to perform gel-based multiplex pcr assay was developed in thi ...201930336161
minimum determinants of transmissible gastroenteritis virus enteric tropism are located in the n-terminus of spike protein.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an enteric coronavirus causing high morbidity and mortality in porcine herds worldwide, that possesses both enteric and respiratory tropism. the ability to replicate in the enteric tract directly correlates with virulence, as tgevs with an exclusive respiratory tropism are attenuated. the tissue tropism is determined by spike (s) protein, although the molecular bases for enteric tropism remain to be fully characterized. both papn and sialic acid bind ...201931861369
prevalence of antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in hungary.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) is a highly contagious enteric disease of swine, which became infrequent with the appearance of porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv). tge was last reported in hungary in 2013 and the virus has not been found since, therefore a serological survey was planned to estimate the level of protection against it. 908 sera of sows from 93 farms were selected together with 174 archive samples from one farm covering a wider age group. all samples were screened with an i ...201932289094
the n-terminal domain of spike protein is not the enteric tropism determinant for transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs, and the n-terminal domain of tgev spike protein is generally recognized as both the virulence determinant and enteric tropism determinant. here, we assembled a full-length infectious cdna clone of tgev in a bacterial artificial chromosome. using a novel approach, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr-associated protein 9 (cas9) systems efficiently and ...201930935078
evaluation of the serologic cross-reactivity between transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and porcine respiratory coronavirus using commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.this study compared the performances of three commercial transmissible gastroenteritis virus/porcine respiratory coronavirus (tgev/prcv) blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) using serum samples (n = 528) collected over a 49-day observation period from pigs inoculated with tgev strain purdue (n = 12), tgev strain miller (n = 12), prcv (n = 12), or with virus-free culture medium (n = 12). elisa results were evaluated both with "suspect" results interpreted as positive and then as n ...201930867325
decline of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and its complex evolutionary relationship with porcine respiratory coronavirus in the united states.the epidemiology and genetic diversity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in the united states (us) was investigated by testing clinical cases for tgev by real time rt-pcr between january 2008 and november 2016. prevalence of tgev ranged between 3.8-6.8% and peaked during cold months until march 2013, in which prevalence decreased to < 0.1%. nineteen complete tgev genomes and a single strain of porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) from the us were generated and compared to historica ...201930850666
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus nonstructural protein 2 contributes to inflammation via nf-κb activation.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection causes acute enteritis in swine of all ages, and especially in suckling piglets. small intestinal inflammation is considered a central event in the pathogenesis of tgev infections, and nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) is a key transcription factor in the inflammatory response. however, it is unclear whether nf-κb is crucial for inducing inflammation during a tgev infection. our results show that nf-κb was activated in swine testicular (st) cells ...201830322331
transferrin receptor 1 is a supplementary receptor that assists transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry into porcine intestinal epithelium.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis, infects swine of all ages causing vomiting and diarrhea, in newborn piglets the mortality rate is near 100%. intestinal epithelial cells are the primary target cells of tgev. transferrin receptor 1 (tfr1), which is highly expressed in piglets with anemia, may play a role in tgev infection. however, the underlying mechanism of tgev invasion remains largely unknown.201830342530
molecular detection of enteric viruses and the genetic characterization of porcine astroviruses and sapoviruses in domestic pigs from slovakian farms.surveillance and characterization of pig enteric viruses such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), rotavirus, astrovirus (pastv), sapovirus (psav), kobuvirus and other agents is essential to evaluate the risks to animal health and determination of economic impacts on pig farming. this study reports the detection and genetic characterization of pastv, psav in healthy and diarrheic domestic pigs and pedv and tgev in diarrheic pigs of different age ...201830340595
differentially expressed non-coding rnas induced by transmissible gastroenteritis virus potentially regulate inflammation and nf-κb pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection can activate nf-κb pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cells and result in severe inflammation. non-coding rnas (ncrnas) are not translated into proteins and play an important role in many biological and pathological processes such as inflammation, viral infection, and mitochondrial damage. however, whether ncrnas participate in tgev-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is largely unknown.201830314467
contribution of porcine aminopeptidase n to porcine deltacoronavirus infection.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), a member of genus deltacoronavirus, is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (cov). although outstanding efforts have led to the identification of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus receptors, the receptor for deltacoronavirus is unclear. here, we compared the amino acid sequences of several representative covs. phylogenetic analysis showed that pdcov spike (s) protein was close to the cluster containing transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), whi ...201829636467
porcine deltacoronavirus engages the transmissible gastroenteritis virus functional receptor porcine aminopeptidase n for infectious cellular entry.identification of cellular receptors used by coronavirus (cov) entry into the host cells is critical to an understanding of pathogenesis and to development of intervention strategies. the fourth cov genus, deltacoronavirus, evolutionarily related to the gammacoronavirus, has just been defined recently. in the current study, we demonstrate that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) acts as a cross-genus cov functional receptor for both enteropathogenic porcine deltacoronovirus (pdcov) and alphacoronovi ...201829618640
p53- and ros-mediated aif pathway involved in tgev-induced apoptosis.we previously demonstrated that transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) could induce apoptosis through caspase signaling. however, apoptosis was not completely prevented by caspases inhibitors, suggesting that there may be a caspase-independent pathway involved in tgev-induced cell apoptosis. in this study, we investigated the regulation of apoptosis-inducing factor (aif) on tgev-induced apoptotic pathway. results indicated that aif translocated from the mitochondria to nucleus during tgev in ...201830249935
first retrospective studies with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in argentina.in 2014, a notification of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was made by the national services of animal health of argentina (senasa) to the world organization of animal health (oie). the notification was based on a serological diagnosis in a small farm with a morbidity rate of 2.3% without enteric clinical signs. in order to determine if tgev was circulating before the official report, a retrospective study on cases of neonatal diarrhea was performed. the selection criteria was ...201830249258
transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection decreases arginine uptake by downregulating cat-1 expression.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. tgev primarily targets and infects porcine intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in nutrient absorption. however, the effects of tgev infection on nutrient absorption in swine have not yet been investigated. in this study, we evaluated the impact of tgev infection on arginine uptake using the porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line ipec-j2 as a model system. high ...201830236161
the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus evades the type i interferon response through ire1α-mediated manipulation of the microrna mir-30a-5p/socs1/3 axis.in host innate immunity, type i interferons (ifn-i) are major antiviral molecules, and coronaviruses have evolved diverse strategies to counter the ifn-i response during infection. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the alphacoronavirus family, induces endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and significant ifn-i production after infection. however, how tgev evades the ifn-i antiviral response despite the marked induction of endogenous ifn-i has remained unclear. inositol-requirin ...201830185587
three main inducers of alphacoronavirus infection of enterocytes: sialic acid, proteases, and low ph.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are similar coronaviruses, causing diseases characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and death from severe dehydration in piglets. thus, they have caused huge losses to the swine-breeding industry worldwide. nowadays, they are easily transmitted among the continents via vehicles, equipment, and cargo. both viruses establish an infection in porcine enterocytes in the small intestine, and their spike (s) proteins pla ...201830176660
surfactin inhibits membrane fusion during invasion of epithelial cells by enveloped viruses.because membrane fusion is a crucial step in the process by which enveloped viruses invade host cells, membrane fusion inhibitors can be effective drugs against enveloped viruses. we found that surfactin from bacillus subtilis can suppress the proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in epithelial cells at a relatively low concentration range (15 to 50 μg/ml), without cytotoxicity or viral membrane disruption. membrane fusion inhibiti ...201830068648
immune response characterization of mice immunized with lactobacillus plantarum expressing spike antigen of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.the highly infectious porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which belongs to the coronaviruses (covs), causes diarrhea and high mortality rates in piglets, resulting in severe economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. in this study, we used lactobacillus plantarum (l. plantarum) to anchor the expression of tgev antigen (s) to dendritic cells (dcs) via dendritic cell-targeting peptides (dcpep). the results show that s antigen could be detected on the surface of l. plantarum by ...201830056514
immune responses induced by recombinant lactobacillus plantarum expressing the spike protein derived from transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets.transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) is one of the most severe threats to the swine industry. in this study, we constructed a suite of recombinant lactobacillus plantarum with surface displaying the spike (s) protein coming from tgev and fused with dc cells targeting peptides (dcpep) to develop an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine against transmissible gastroenteritis. our research results found that the recombinant lactobacillus plantarum (nc8-psip409-pgsa-s-dcpep) group expre ...201830022263
impact of tgev infection on the pig small intestine.pig diarrhea causes high mortality and large economic losses in the swine industry. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes pig diarrhea, with 100% mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. no investigation has yet been made of the small intestine of piglets that survived infection by tgev.201829914507
transmissible gastroenteritis virus n protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, up-regulates interleukin-8 expression and its subcellular localization in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell.this essay focuses on transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which is an enteropathogenic virus related to contagious and acute diseases in suckling piglets. previous literature suggests that the tgev nucleocapsid protein (n) plays a significant role in viral transcriptional process, however, there is a need to examine other functions of tgev n protein in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell (iec) which is the target cell of tgev. in the present study, we investigated the degradation, sub ...201829909129
viral strategies for triggering and manipulating mitophagy.viral infection causes many physiological alterations in the host cell, and many of these alterations can affect the host mitochondrial network, including mitophagy induction. a substantial amount of literature has been generated that advances our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and several viruses. some viruses trigger mitophagy directly, and indirectly and control the mitophagic process via different strategies. this enables viruses to promote persistent infection and atten ...201829895192
epidermal growth factor receptor is a co-factor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in newborn piglets. it is well established that porcine intestinal epithelium is the target of the tgev infection, however the mechanism that tgev invades the host epithelium remains largely unknown. aminopeptidase n (apn) is a known receptor of tgev. this study discovered that the extracellular receptor binding domain 1 pertaining to epidermal growth receptor (egfr) interact with tgev spike protein. apn and egf ...201829879540
the perk arm of the unfolded protein response negatively regulates transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication by suppressing protein translation and promoting type i interferon production.coronavirus replication is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (er), the primary cellular organelle for protein synthesis, folding, and modification. er stress is a common consequence in coronavirus-infected cells. however, how the virus-induced er stress influences coronavirus replication and pathogenesis remains controversial. here, we demonstrated that infection with the alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) induced er stress and triggered the unfolded prot ...201829769338
viral and bacterial investigations on the aetiology of recurrent pig neonatal diarrhoea cases in spain.neonatal diarrhoea represents a major disease problem in the early stages of animal production, increasing significantly pre-weaning mortality and piglets weaned below the target weight. enteric diseases in newborn piglets are often of endemic presentation, but may also occur as outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. the objective of this study was to assess the frequency of different pathogens involved in cases of recurrent neonatal diarrhoea in spain.201829632701
infection, genetic and virulence characteristics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in northwest china.from september 2015 to may 2016, epidemic outbreaks of a diarrheal disease caused severe economic losses to the swine industry in northwest china. typical clinical symptoms of the disease included severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and death. in order to identify the pathogen, 27 intestinal samples were collected from dead piglets in shaanxi, gansu and qinghai provinces and from ningxia hui autonomous region. all samples were tested using rt-pcr to detect rotavirus (rv), porcine epidemic dia ...201829625238
egfr as a negative regulatory protein adjusts the activity and mobility of nhe3 in the cell membrane of ipec-j2 cells with tgev infection.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, despite extensive research focusing on the pathogenesis of virus infection. the molecular pathogenic mechanism of tgev-induced diarrhea in piglets is unknown. intestinal diarrhea is closely related to the function of the na+/h+ exchanger protein nhe3 in the brush border membrane of small intestine epithelial cells. the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) may act to regulate nhe3 expres ...201830483239
rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in swine small intestine samples using real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification.a rapid and specific real-time reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay (rt-rpa) was developed to detect the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in this study. the primers and exo probe were designed to be specific for a portion of spike (s) gene conserved in tgev, but absent in the closely related porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv). the amplification was performed at 40 °c for 20 min. the assay could only detect the tgev, and there was no cross-reaction with o ...201829550352
transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp7 protein localized in the cytoplasm down-regulates interleukin 8 expression in porcine intestinal epithelial cell.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an important pathogen in swine that is responsible for substantial economic losses. previous studies suggest that the tgev non-structural protein 7 (nsp7) plays an important role in the viral assembly process. however, the subcellular localization and other functions of the tgev nsp7 protein are still unclear. in this study we have examined the subcellular localization and other functions of tgev nsp7 protein through analysis of its effects on cell g ...201829521102
a nano silicon adjuvant enhances inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine through activation the toll-like receptors and promotes humoral and cellular immune responses.inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) vaccines are widely used in swine herds in china. these are limited, however, by the need to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity, as well as the efficiency of adjuvants. in this study, a 70-nm nano silicon particle was applied with inactivated tgev vaccine in mice, and its immune-enhancing effects and mechanism of action investigated. we found that nano silicon applied with inactivated tgev vaccine induced high antibody titers, increas ...201829501635
development of a one-step rt-pcr assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples.coronaviruses (covs) are critical human and animal pathogens because of their potential to cause severe epidemics of respiratory or enteric diseases. in pigs, the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) and re-emerged porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) reported in the us and asia, as well as the discovery of novel covs in wild bats or birds, has necessitated development of improved detection and control measures for these covs. because the previous pancoronavirus (pancov) rt-pcr estab ...201829499225
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