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a phase trial of the oral lactobacillus casei vaccine polarizes th2 cell immunity against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus infection.transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) is a member of the genus coronavirus, family coronaviridae, order nidovirales. tgev is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes highly fatal acute diarrhoea in newborn pigs. an oral lactobacillus casei (l. casei) vaccine against anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus developed in our laboratory was used to study mucosal immune responses. in this l. casei vaccine, repetitive peptides expressed by l. casei (specifically the mdp and tuftsin fusi ...201627020282
transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection enhances sglt1 and glut2 expression to increase glucose uptake.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus that causes villus atrophy, followed by crypt hyperplasia, reduces the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes, and disrupts the absorption of intestinal nutrients. in vivo, tgev primarily targets and infects intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in glucose absorption via the apical and basolateral transporters na+-dependent glucose transporter 1 (sglt1) and facilitative glucose transporter 2 (glut2), respectively ...201627851758
construction of a bivalent dna vaccine co-expressing s genes of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium.porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and led to significant economic losses. the s proteins are the main structural proteins of pedv and tgev capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies in vivo. in this study, a dna vaccine sl7207 (pvaxd-ps1-ts) co-expressing s proteins of tgev and pedv delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium was constructed and its immunogenicity in piglets was investiga ...201626980672
comparison of lentiviruses pseudotyped with s proteins from coronaviruses and cell tropisms of porcine coronaviruses.the surface glycoproteins of coronaviruses play an important role in receptor binding and cell entry. different coronaviruses interact with their specific receptors to enter host cells. lentiviruses pseudotyped with their spike proteins (s) were compared to analyze the entry efficiency of various coronaviruses. our results indicated that s proteins from different coronaviruses displayed varied abilities to mediate pseudotyped virus infection. furthermore, the cell tropisms of porcine epidemic di ...201626908211
tubulins interact with porcine and human s proteins of the genus alphacoronavirus and support successful assembly and release of infectious viral particles.coronavirus spike proteins mediate host-cell-attachment and virus entry. virus replication takes place within the host cell cytosol, whereas assembly and budding occur at the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. in this study we demonstrated that the last 39 amino acid stretches of alphacoronavirus spike cytoplasmic domains of the human coronavirus 229e, nl63, and the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus tgev interact with tubulin alpha and beta chains. in addition, a par ...201627479465
porcine deltacoronavirus: overview of infection dynamics, diagnostic methods, prevalence and genetic evolution.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) was first reported in hong kong, china in 2012 and reported in united states swine in february 2014. pdcov has subsequently been detected in south korea, mainland china, and thailand. pdcov has been experimentally confirmed to cause diarrhea in inoculated pigs and need to be differentially diagnosed from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the field. rapid diagnosis is critical for the implementation of efficient control str ...201627270129
immune evasion of porcine enteric coronaviruses and viral modulation of antiviral innate signaling.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are emerged and reemerging viruses in pigs, and together with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), pose significant economic concerns to the swine industry. these viruses infect epithelial cells of the small intestine and cause watery diarrhea, dehydration, and a high mortality in neonatal piglets. type i interferons (ifn-α/β) are major antiviral cytokines forming host innate immunity, and in turn, these enteric c ...201627212682
reverse transcription-pcr assays for the differentiation of various us porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains.concurrently, several porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants are circulating in us swine farms, including the original us and the spike insertion-deletion (s-indel) strains. in this study, reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assays for the detection and differentiation of different us pedv variants were developed based on the differences in the s1 domain of the spike (s) gene. this assay successfully differentiated three pedv strains: pc22a (the original us virulent), iowa106 (s-indel), and ...201627134071
cpg dna facilitate the inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in enhancing the local and systemic immune response of pigs via oral administration.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) replicates in the small intestine and induces enteritis and watery diarrhea. establishment of local immunity in the intestine would thus prevent tgev transmission. cpg dna has been reported as a promising mucosal adjuvant in some animals. the effects of oral immunization of cpg dna together with inactivated tgev (itgev) were investigated in this study. pigs (6 weeks old) were orally immunized with itgev plus cpg dna. the tgev-specific iga level in the i ...201627032496
immunogenicity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) m gene delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium in mice.attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was selected as a transgenic vehicle for the development of live mucosal vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) based on the m gene. an approximate 1.0 kb dna fragment, encoding for glycoprotein m, was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pvax1. the recombinant plasmid pvax-m was transformed by electroporation into attenuated s. typhimurium sl7207, and the expression and translation of the pvax-m ...201626837896
characterization of a novel chimeric swine enteric coronavirus from diseased pigs in central eastern europe in 2016.during a severe outbreak of diarrhoea and vomiting in a pig herd in central eastern europe, faecal samples were tested positive for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and negative for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) using a commercial rt-qpcr assay that can detect both of these coronaviruses. however, further analyses, using other tgev- and pedv-specific rt-qpcr assays, provided results inconsistent with infection by either of these viruses. sequencing of an amplicon (ca. 1.6 kb) ...201627619563
construction of an oral vaccine for transmissible gastroenteritis virus based on the tgev n gene expressed in an attenuated salmonella typhimurium vector.this research aimed to develop an oral vaccine for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) based on the tgev n gene expressed in an attenuated salmonella typhimurium vector and aimed to evaluate the vaccine's immune response in piglets. recombinant plasmid pvax-n was transformed into competent cells of attenuated s. typhimurium sl7207 via electroporation. after it was identified via rt-pcr and double digestion, the screened recombinant bacteria presenting pvax-n were named sl7207 (pvax-n). to ...201626297958
orally administrated whole yeast vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induced high levels of iga response in mice and piglets.the mucosal immune response against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is very important in piglets. to develop a pedv vaccine suitable for inducing high levels of intestinal iga in piglets, recombinant yeast expressing the pedv s1 gene was constructed and tested by oral immunization of mice and piglets. the s1-specific igg and iga were tested at 0, 14, and 28 days postimmunization (dpi) in mice. compared to the control group, the mice treated with s1 expressing yeast, demonstrated signi ...201627598459
tgev infection up-regulates fcrn expression via activation of nf-κb signaling.it has been well characterized that the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) transports maternal igg to a fetus or newborn and protects igg from degradation. we previously reported that fcrn is expressed in a model of normal porcine intestinal epithelial cells (ipec-j2). transmissible gastroenteritis is an acute enteric disease of swine that is caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). how porcine fcrn (pfcrn) expression is regulated by pathogenic infection remains unknown. our research shows ...201627555521
retinoic acid facilitates inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus induction of cd8(+) t-cell migration to the porcine gut.the digestive tract is the entry site for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). tgev transmission can be prevented if local immunity is established with increased lymphocytes. the current parenteral mode of vaccination stimulates systemic immunity well, but it does not induce sufficient mucosal immunity. retinoic acid (ra) plays an important role in the induction of cells that imprint gut-homing molecules. we examined whether ra assist parenteral vaccination of pigs could improve mucosal i ...201627080036
[development and application of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of porcine rotavirus of swine].we wished to establish a method for rapid and sensitive detection of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification(rt-lamp)for the rapid and sensitive detection of porcine rotavirus (porv). according to the published porv vp7 sequences in genbank,6specific primers were designed. according to the concentrations of foward and reverse primers, bst dna polymerase, mg(2+), and dntp, reaction conditions were optimized. results revealed the concentration ratio of foward and reverse prime ...201630004206
characterization of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize linker region and carboxyl terminal domain of coronavirus nucleocapsid protein.the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) nucleocapsid (n) protein plays important roles in the replication and translation of viral rna. the present study provides the first description of two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (5e8 and 3d7) directed against the tgev n protein linker region (lkr) and carboxyl terminal domain (ctd). the mabs 5e8 and 3d7 reacted with native n protein in western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (ifa). two linear epitopes, 189sveqavlaalkklg202 and 246vtrfygarss ...201727689694
development and application of a recombinant m protein-based indirect elisa for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus igg antibodies.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a recently identified coronavirus in the genus deltacoronavirus that can cause enteric disease including diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in neonatal piglets. serological assays to detect anti-pdcov antibodies are presently limited to certain laboratories and geographic regions. in this study, a recombinant m protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pdcov-rm elisa) was developed and utilized to determine the prevalence of anti-pdc ...201728860101
seroprevalence of economically important viral pathogens in swine populations of trinidad and tobago, west indies.the objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify the strains of swine influenza virus (swiv), as well as the seroprevalence of porcine parvovirus (ppv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), and classical swine fever virus (csfv) in pigs in trinidad and tobago (t&t). blood samples (309) were randomly collected from pigs at farms ...201728523387
persistent tgev infection enhances etec k88 adhesion by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intestinal epithelial cells.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus, characterized by diarrhea, high morbidity, and the mortality is 100% in piglets less than 2 weeks old. pigs infected with tgev are often suffer secondary infection with other pathogens, which aggravates the severity of diarrhea, but the mechanisms remain unknown. here, we hypothesized that persistent tgev infection stimulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt), thereby generating cells that more easily adhere to enterotoxigeni ...201728794036
development and validation of monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture elisa for detection of group a porcine rotavirus.porcine rotavirus-a (porva) is one of the common causes of mild to severe dehydrating diarrhea, leading to losses in weaning and postweaning piglets. a rapid, highly specific, and sensitive antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) was developed for detection of porva, by using vp6 (a highly conserved and antigenic protein of group-a rotavirus)-directed rabbit polyclonal antibodies (capture antibody) and murine monoclonal antibodies (detector antibody). the detection limit of ...201728414586
a sensitive duplex nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay for identifying porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus from clinical specimens.in this study, a novel duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) assay was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). two pairs of primers were designed based on the conserved region within the n gene of pedv and tgev. in a screening of 114 clinical samples from four provinces in china for pedv and tgev, 48.2 and 3.5 % of the samples, respectively, tested positive. under optimized conditions, the duple ...201727815750
transmissible gastroenteritis virus does not suppress ifn-β induction but is sensitive to ifn in ipec-j2 cells.coronaviruses tend to efficiently evade innate immune sensing. alpha-coronaviruses interfere with the type i interferon (ifn) response in various ways, ensuring the limited activation of ifn responses. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), an alphacoronavirus genera virus, is an important pathogen that mainly infects piglet, but little is known about the activation of the host immune response. we show that tgev induces a delayed activation of the ifn response in intestinal epithelial cells ...201728110779
orf3a deletion in field strains of porcine-transmissible gastroenteritis virus in china: a hint of association with porcine respiratory coronavirus.porcine-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a pathogenic coronavirus responsible for high diarrhoea-associated morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets. we analysed the tgev orf3 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction and identified an orf3a deletion in three field strains of tgev collected from piglets in china in 2015. eight tgev orf3 sequences were obtained in this study. phylogenetic tree analysis of orf3 showed that the eight tgev orf3 genes all belonged to the miller clus ...201728299912
il-22 suppresses the infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and rotavirus by activating stat3 signal pathway.interleukin-22 (il-22), a member of the il-10 superfamily, plays essential roles in fighting against mucosal microbial infection and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity within the intestine. however, little knowledge exists on the ability of porcine il-22 (pil-22) to fight against viral infection in the gut. in this study, we found that recombinant mature pil-22 (mpil-22) inhibited the infection of multiple diarrhea viruses, including alpha coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), ...201728322925
reactivity of anti-pedv structural protein antibodies to porcine enteric coronaviruses: diagnostic implications.the development of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) antibody-based assays is important for detecting infected animals, confirming previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity. however, the potential cross-reactivity among porcine coronaviruses is a major concern for the development of pathogen-specific assays. in this study, we used serum samples (n = 792) from pigs of precisely known infection status and a multiplex fluorescent microbead-based immunoassay and/or enzyme-linked ...201728202790
genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in china.sapovirus (sav), a member of the family caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. to date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for china. here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine sav identified from a piglet with diarrhea of china.201728302145
aminopeptidase n is not required for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cell entry.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging pathogenic coronavirus that causes a significant economic burden to the swine industry. the virus infects the intestinal epithelium and causes villous atrophy, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration. interaction of the viral spike (s) surface glycoprotein - through its s1 subunit - with the host cell receptor is the first step in infection and the main determinant for virus tropism. as for several other alphacoronaviruses including the porcine ...201728363778
inhibition of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in porcine kidney cells using short hairpin rnas targeting the membrane gene.the membrane (m) protein is the most abundant component of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) particle. to exploit the possibility of using rna interference (rnai) as a strategy against tgev infection, three plasmids (prnat-1, prnat-2, and prnat-3) expressing short hairpin rnas were designed to target three different coding regions of the m gene of tgev. the plasmids were constructed and transiently transfected into a porcine kidney cells, pk-15, to determine whether these co ...201727848068
the detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from guangdong province in southern china.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly discovered coronavirus that causes diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in sucking and nursing piglets. it was first reported in hong kong in 2012 and has since been discovered in the united states, canada, south korea, mainland china, thailand and laos. pdcov has been experimentally proved to lead to diarrhoea in swine and it was detected positive in pigs in guangdong, southern china. in our study, 252 faecal and intestinal samples from sucking piglets ...201728345292
cellular rna helicase ddx1 is involved in transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp14-induced interferon-beta production.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), an enteropathogenic coronavirus (cov) of porcine, causes lethal watery diarrhea and severe dehydration in piglets and leads to severe economic losses in the swine industry. unlike most covs that antagonize type i interferon (ifn) production, previous studies showed that tgev infection induces ifn-i production both in vivo and in vitro. however, the underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. in this study, we found that tgev infection significantly ...201728848548
identification of a natural recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis virus between purdue and miller clusters in china.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an infective coronavirus (cov) that causes diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality in piglets. for the first time, a natural recombination strain of a tgev anhui hefei (ahhf) virus between the purdue and the miller clusters was isolated from the small intestine content of piglets in china. a phylogenetic tree based on a complete genome sequence placed the tgev ahhf strain between the purdue and the miller clusters. the results of a computational ana ...201728831195
environmental persistence of porcine coronaviruses in feed and feed ingredients.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine delta corona virus (pdcov), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) are major threats to swine health and contaminated feed plays a role in virus transmission. the objective of our study was to characterize inactivation of pedv, pdcov, and tgev in various feed ingredient matrices. samples of complete feed, spray dried porcine plasma, meat meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, corn, soybean meal, and corn dried distillers grains with solubles ...201728542235
transmissible gastroenteritis virus papain-like protease 1 antagonizes production of interferon-βthrough its deubiquitinase activity.coronaviruses (covs), such as human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63), severe acute respiratory syndrome cov (sars-cov), murine hepatitis virus (mhv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), encode papain-like (pl) proteases that inhibit sendai virus- (sev-) induced interferon (ifn-β) production. recently, the crystal structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) pl1 has been solved, which was similar to that of sars-cov pl2pro, w ...201729201911
understanding tgev-etec coinfection through the lens of proteomics: a tale of porcine diarrhea.porcine diarrhea and gastroenteritis are major causes of piglet mortality that result in devastating economic losses to the industry. a plethora of pathogens can cause these diseases, with the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k88 (etec) being two of the most salient. in the december 2017 issue of proteomics clinical aplications, xia and colleagues used comparative proteomics to shed light on how these microbes interact to cause severe disease . the ...201729281177
discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (seacov) in southern china.outbreaks of diarrhea in newborn piglets without detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), have been recorded in a pig farm in southern china since february 2017. isolation and propagation of the pathogen in cell culture resulted in discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (tentatively named seacov) related to the bat coronavirus hku2 identified in the same region a decade ago. specific fluores ...201729102111
detection and phylogenetic analyses of spike genes in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in china in 2016-2017.large-scale outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) have re-emerged in china in recent years. however, little is known about the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of field strains of ped virus (pedv) in china in 2016-2017. to address this issue, in this study, 116 diarrhea samples were collected from pig farms in 6 chinese provinces in 2016-2017 and were detected using pcr for main porcine enteric pathogens, including pedv, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), porcine transmissible ...201729017599
proteomic analysis of ipec-j2 cells in response to coinfection by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k88.piglet diarrhea causes large economic losses to the swine industry. epidemiological investigations show that piglet diarrhea is often caused by mixed infections, but the mechanisms by which multiple microorganisms cause disease are unclear.201729090858
phylogenetic analyses suggest that factors other than the capsid protein play a role in the epidemic potential of gii.2 norovirus.norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. for over two decades, a single genotype (gii.4) has been responsible for most norovirus-associated cases. however, during the winter of 2014 to 2015, the gii.4 strains were displaced by a rarely detected genotype (gii.17) in several countries of the asian continent. moreover, during the winter of 2016 to 2017, the gii.2 strain reemerged as predominant in different countries worldwide. this reemerging gii.2 strain is a recombinant ...201728529975
transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection induces nf-κb activation through rlr-mediated signaling.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine enteric coronavirus which causes lethal severe watery diarrhea in piglets. the pathogenesis of tgev is strongly associated with inflammation. in this study, we found that tgev infection activates transcription factors nf-κb, irf3 and ap-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in porcine kidney cells. treatment with the nf-κb-specific inhibitor bay11-7082 significantly decreased tgev-induced proinflammatory cytokine production, but did not af ...201728448848
a simple and rapid identification method for newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus with loop-mediated isothermal amplification.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly emerged enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes diarrhea and mortality in neonatal piglets. pdcov has spread to many countries around the world, leading to significant economic losses in the pork industry. therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of pdcov in clinical samples is urgently needed.201728934984
immunogenicity of egfp-marked recombinant lactobacillus casei against transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are the causative agents of highly fatal acute diarrhea in pigs, resulting in enormous losses in the pig industry worldwide. to develop an effective bivalent oral vaccine against tgev and pedv infection, the d antigenic site of the tgev spike (s) protein and the major antigen site (core neutralizing epitope-coe) of the pedv s protein were used as immunogens, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (e ...201728946696
identification of anti-viral activity of the cardenolides, na(+)/k(+)-atpase inhibitors, against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus.a series of naturally occurring cardenolides that exhibit potent anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) activity in swine testicular (st) cells has been identified. in an immunofluorescence assay, these cardenolides were found to diminish the expressions of tgev nucleocapsid and spike protein, which was used as an indication for viral replication; block tgev infection induced apoptosis and cytopathic effects; and impart the same trend of inhibitory activity against na(+)/k(+)-atpase as ...201728438630
lithium chloride inhibits early stages of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) replication in vitro.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, swine, and sheep. fmd vaccine is the traditional way to protect against the disease, which can greatly reduce its occurrence. however, the use of fmd vaccines to protect early infection is limited. therefore, the alternative strategy of applying antiviral agents is required to control the spread of fmdv in outbreak situations. as previously reported, licl ha ...201728390158
bacillus subtilis and surfactin inhibit the transmissible gastroenteritis virus entering intestinal epithelial cells.intestinal epithelial cells are the targets for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection. it is urgently to develop a novel candidate against tgev entry. bacillus subtilis is a probiotics with excellent anti-microorganism properties, and one of its secretions, surfactin, has been regarded as the versatile weapons for most plant pathogens, especially for the enveloped virus. we demonstrate for the first time that bacillus subtilis okb105 and its surfactin can effectively inhibit one a ...201728270576
porcine deltacoronavirus engages the transmissible gastroenteritis virus functional receptor porcine aminopeptidase n for infectious cellular entry.identification of cellular receptors used by coronavirus (cov) entry into the host cells is critical to an understanding of pathogenesis and to development of intervention strategies. the fourth cov genus, deltacoronavirus, evolutionarily related to the gammacoronavirus, has just been defined recently. in the current study, we demonstrate that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) acts as a cross-genus cov functional receptor for both enteropathogenic porcine deltacoronovirus (pdcov) and alphacoronovi ...201829618640
rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in swine small intestine samples using real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification.a rapid and specific real-time reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay (rt-rpa) was developed to detect the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in this study. the primers and exo probe were designed to be specific for a portion of spike (s) gene conserved in tgev, but absent in the closely related porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv). the amplification was performed at 40 °c for 20 min. the assay could only detect the tgev, and there was no cross-reaction with o ...201829550352
transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp7 protein localized in the cytoplasm down-regulates interleukin 8 expression in porcine intestinal epithelial cell.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an important pathogen in swine that is responsible for substantial economic losses. previous studies suggest that the tgev non-structural protein 7 (nsp7) plays an important role in the viral assembly process. however, the subcellular localization and other functions of the tgev nsp7 protein are still unclear. in this study we have examined the subcellular localization and other functions of tgev nsp7 protein through analysis of its effects on cell g ...201829521102
a nano silicon adjuvant enhances inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine through activation the toll-like receptors and promotes humoral and cellular immune responses.inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) vaccines are widely used in swine herds in china. these are limited, however, by the need to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity, as well as the efficiency of adjuvants. in this study, a 70-nm nano silicon particle was applied with inactivated tgev vaccine in mice, and its immune-enhancing effects and mechanism of action investigated. we found that nano silicon applied with inactivated tgev vaccine induced high antibody titers, increas ...201829501635
swine enteric coronavirus disease: a review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the united states and canada.swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), have emerged and spread throughout the north american swine industry over the last four years. these diseases cause significant losses within the pork industry and within the first year after pedv introduction, approximately 10% of the us herd died due to the disease. similar to other enteric coronaviruses, such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), these emerging swine e ...201829392870
structural basis for the inhibition of host gene expression by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp1.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), an enteropathogenicalphacoronavirus, has caused enormous economic losses in the pork industry. nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a characteristic feature of alpha- and betacoronaviruses, which exhibits both functional conservation and mechanistic diversity in inhibiting host gene expression and antiviral responses. however, the detailed structure and molecular mechanisms underlying thealphacoronavirusnsp1 inhibition of host gene expression remain unclear. ...201829237834
microrna-4331 promotes transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev)-induced mitochondrial damage via targeting rb1, upregulating interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (il1rap), and activating p38 mapk pathwayin vitro.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the coronaviridae family, could cause fatal diarrhea of piglets and result in numerous economic losses. previous studies demonstrated that tgev infection could lead to mitochondrial damage and upregulate mir-4331 level. so mir-4331 may play an important regulatory role in the control of mitochondrial function. to explore the potential role of mir-4331 in mitochondrial damage, we adopted a strategy consisting of quantitative proteomic analys ...201829217619
diarrhea caused by rotavirus a, b, and c in suckling piglets from southern brazil: molecular detection and histologic and immunohistochemical characterization.rotavirus (rv) is an important viral pathogen causing diarrhea in piglets and other mammals worldwide. we describe 34 cases from 4 diarrheal outbreaks caused by rv in unvaccinated farrowing units in southern brazil from 2011 to 2013. we performed autopsy, histologic examinations, bacterial culture, rv immunohistochemistry (ihc), and enteric virus detection through molecular assays for rotavirus a, b, and c, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, sapovirus, noroviru ...201829455625
improving virus taxonomy by recontextualizing sequence-based classification with biologically relevant data: the case of thealphacoronavirus 1species.the difficulties related to virus taxonomy have been amplified by recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomics, prompting the field to revisit the question of what constitutes a useful viral classification. here, taking a challenging classification found in coronaviruses, we argue that consideration of biological properties in addition to sequence-based demarcations is critical for generating useful taxonomy that recapitulates complex evolutionary histories. within thealphacoro ...201829299531
development of a one-step rt-pcr assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples.coronaviruses (covs) are critical human and animal pathogens because of their potential to cause severe epidemics of respiratory or enteric diseases. in pigs, the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) and re-emerged porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) reported in the us and asia, as well as the discovery of novel covs in wild bats or birds, has necessitated development of improved detection and control measures for these covs. because the previous pancoronavirus (pancov) rt-pcr estab ...201829499225
the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus evades the type i interferon response through ire1α-mediated manipulation of the microrna mir-30a-5p/socs1/3 axis.in host innate immunity, type i interferons (ifn-i) are major antiviral molecules, and coronaviruses have evolved diverse strategies to counter the ifn-i response during infection. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the alphacoronavirus family, induces endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and significant ifn-i production after infection. however, how tgev evades the ifn-i antiviral response despite the marked induction of endogenous ifn-i has remained unclear. inositol-requirin ...201830185587
infection, genetic and virulence characteristics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in northwest china.from september 2015 to may 2016, epidemic outbreaks of a diarrheal disease caused severe economic losses to the swine industry in northwest china. typical clinical symptoms of the disease included severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and death. in order to identify the pathogen, 27 intestinal samples were collected from dead piglets in shaanxi, gansu and qinghai provinces and from ningxia hui autonomous region. all samples were tested using rt-pcr to detect rotavirus (rv), porcine epidemic dia ...201829625238
three main inducers of alphacoronavirus infection of enterocytes: sialic acid, proteases, and low ph.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are similar coronaviruses, causing diseases characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and death from severe dehydration in piglets. thus, they have caused huge losses to the swine-breeding industry worldwide. nowadays, they are easily transmitted among the continents via vehicles, equipment, and cargo. both viruses establish an infection in porcine enterocytes in the small intestine, and their spike (s) proteins pla ...201830176660
epidermal growth factor receptor is a co-factor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in newborn piglets. it is well established that porcine intestinal epithelium is the target of the tgev infection, however the mechanism that tgev invades the host epithelium remains largely unknown. aminopeptidase n (apn) is a known receptor of tgev. this study discovered that the extracellular receptor binding domain 1 pertaining to epidermal growth receptor (egfr) interact with tgev spike protein. apn and egf ...201829879540
viral strategies for triggering and manipulating mitophagy.viral infection causes many physiological alterations in the host cell, and many of these alterations can affect the host mitochondrial network, including mitophagy induction. a substantial amount of literature has been generated that advances our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and several viruses. some viruses trigger mitophagy directly, and indirectly and control the mitophagic process via different strategies. this enables viruses to promote persistent infection and atten ...201829895192
the perk arm of the unfolded protein response negatively regulates transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication by suppressing protein translation and promoting type i interferon production.coronavirus replication is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (er), the primary cellular organelle for protein synthesis, folding, and modification. er stress is a common consequence in coronavirus-infected cells. however, how the virus-induced er stress influences coronavirus replication and pathogenesis remains controversial. here, we demonstrated that infection with the alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) induced er stress and triggered the unfolded prot ...201829769338
viral and bacterial investigations on the aetiology of recurrent pig neonatal diarrhoea cases in spain.neonatal diarrhoea represents a major disease problem in the early stages of animal production, increasing significantly pre-weaning mortality and piglets weaned below the target weight. enteric diseases in newborn piglets are often of endemic presentation, but may also occur as outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. the objective of this study was to assess the frequency of different pathogens involved in cases of recurrent neonatal diarrhoea in spain.201829632701
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus nonstructural protein 2 contributes to inflammation via nf-κb activation.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection causes acute enteritis in swine of all ages, and especially in suckling piglets. small intestinal inflammation is considered a central event in the pathogenesis of tgev infections, and nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) is a key transcription factor in the inflammatory response. however, it is unclear whether nf-κb is crucial for inducing inflammation during a tgev infection. our results show that nf-κb was activated in swine testicular (st) cells ...201830322331
egfr as a negative regulatory protein adjusts the activity and mobility of nhe3 in the cell membrane of ipec-j2 cells with tgev infection.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, despite extensive research focusing on the pathogenesis of virus infection. the molecular pathogenic mechanism of tgev-induced diarrhea in piglets is unknown. intestinal diarrhea is closely related to the function of the na+/h+ exchanger protein nhe3 in the brush border membrane of small intestine epithelial cells. the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) may act to regulate nhe3 expres ...201830483239
p53- and ros-mediated aif pathway involved in tgev-induced apoptosis.we previously demonstrated that transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) could induce apoptosis through caspase signaling. however, apoptosis was not completely prevented by caspases inhibitors, suggesting that there may be a caspase-independent pathway involved in tgev-induced cell apoptosis. in this study, we investigated the regulation of apoptosis-inducing factor (aif) on tgev-induced apoptotic pathway. results indicated that aif translocated from the mitochondria to nucleus during tgev in ...201830249935
first retrospective studies with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in argentina.in 2014, a notification of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was made by the national services of animal health of argentina (senasa) to the world organization of animal health (oie). the notification was based on a serological diagnosis in a small farm with a morbidity rate of 2.3% without enteric clinical signs. in order to determine if tgev was circulating before the official report, a retrospective study on cases of neonatal diarrhea was performed. the selection criteria was ...201830249258
transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection decreases arginine uptake by downregulating cat-1 expression.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. tgev primarily targets and infects porcine intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in nutrient absorption. however, the effects of tgev infection on nutrient absorption in swine have not yet been investigated. in this study, we evaluated the impact of tgev infection on arginine uptake using the porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line ipec-j2 as a model system. high ...201830236161
differentially expressed non-coding rnas induced by transmissible gastroenteritis virus potentially regulate inflammation and nf-κb pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection can activate nf-κb pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cells and result in severe inflammation. non-coding rnas (ncrnas) are not translated into proteins and play an important role in many biological and pathological processes such as inflammation, viral infection, and mitochondrial damage. however, whether ncrnas participate in tgev-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is largely unknown.201830314467
surfactin inhibits membrane fusion during invasion of epithelial cells by enveloped viruses.because membrane fusion is a crucial step in the process by which enveloped viruses invade host cells, membrane fusion inhibitors can be effective drugs against enveloped viruses. we found that surfactin from bacillus subtilis can suppress the proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in epithelial cells at a relatively low concentration range (15 to 50 μg/ml), without cytotoxicity or viral membrane disruption. membrane fusion inhibiti ...201830068648
immune response characterization of mice immunized with lactobacillus plantarum expressing spike antigen of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.the highly infectious porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which belongs to the coronaviruses (covs), causes diarrhea and high mortality rates in piglets, resulting in severe economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. in this study, we used lactobacillus plantarum (l. plantarum) to anchor the expression of tgev antigen (s) to dendritic cells (dcs) via dendritic cell-targeting peptides (dcpep). the results show that s antigen could be detected on the surface of l. plantarum by ...201830056514
immune responses induced by recombinant lactobacillus plantarum expressing the spike protein derived from transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets.transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) is one of the most severe threats to the swine industry. in this study, we constructed a suite of recombinant lactobacillus plantarum with surface displaying the spike (s) protein coming from tgev and fused with dc cells targeting peptides (dcpep) to develop an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine against transmissible gastroenteritis. our research results found that the recombinant lactobacillus plantarum (nc8-psip409-pgsa-s-dcpep) group expre ...201830022263
impact of tgev infection on the pig small intestine.pig diarrhea causes high mortality and large economic losses in the swine industry. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes pig diarrhea, with 100% mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. no investigation has yet been made of the small intestine of piglets that survived infection by tgev.201829914507
transmissible gastroenteritis virus n protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, up-regulates interleukin-8 expression and its subcellular localization in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell.this essay focuses on transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which is an enteropathogenic virus related to contagious and acute diseases in suckling piglets. previous literature suggests that the tgev nucleocapsid protein (n) plays a significant role in viral transcriptional process, however, there is a need to examine other functions of tgev n protein in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell (iec) which is the target cell of tgev. in the present study, we investigated the degradation, sub ...201829909129
contribution of porcine aminopeptidase n to porcine deltacoronavirus infection.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), a member of genus deltacoronavirus, is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (cov). although outstanding efforts have led to the identification of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus receptors, the receptor for deltacoronavirus is unclear. here, we compared the amino acid sequences of several representative covs. phylogenetic analysis showed that pdcov spike (s) protein was close to the cluster containing transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), whi ...201829636467
transferrin receptor 1 is a supplementary receptor that assists transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry into porcine intestinal epithelium.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis, infects swine of all ages causing vomiting and diarrhea, in newborn piglets the mortality rate is near 100%. intestinal epithelial cells are the primary target cells of tgev. transferrin receptor 1 (tfr1), which is highly expressed in piglets with anemia, may play a role in tgev infection. however, the underlying mechanism of tgev invasion remains largely unknown.201830342530
molecular detection of enteric viruses and the genetic characterization of porcine astroviruses and sapoviruses in domestic pigs from slovakian farms.surveillance and characterization of pig enteric viruses such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), rotavirus, astrovirus (pastv), sapovirus (psav), kobuvirus and other agents is essential to evaluate the risks to animal health and determination of economic impacts on pig farming. this study reports the detection and genetic characterization of pastv, psav in healthy and diarrheic domestic pigs and pedv and tgev in diarrheic pigs of different age ...201830340595
porcine il-12 plasmid as an adjuvant improves the cellular and humoral immune responses of dna vaccine targeting transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike gene in a mouse model.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), is a highly infectious disease in pigs. vaccination is an effective approach to prevent tgev infection. here, we evaluated the potential of tgev s1 as a dna vaccine and porcine interleukin (pil)-12 as an adjuvant in a mouse model. a dna vaccine was constructed with the tgev s1 gene to induce immune response in an experimental mouse model; pil-12 was chosen as the immunological adjuvant within this dna vacc ...201931474664
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus inhibits nf-κb activity via nonstructural protein 3 to evade host immune system.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the family coronaviridae, causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets. previous studies have revealed that the coronaviruses develop various strategies to evade the host innate immunity through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signaling pathway. however, the ability of tgev to inhibit the host innate immune response by modulating the nf-κb signaling pathway is not clear.201931382996
comparative evaluation of enteric bacterial culture and a molecular multiplex syndromic panel in children with acute gastroenteritis.although enteric multianalyte syndromic panels are increasingly employed, direct comparisons with traditional methods and the inclusion of host phenotype correlations are limited. luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) and culture results are highly concordant. however, phenotypic and microbiological confirmatory testing raises concerns regarding the accuracy of the gpp, especially for salmonella spp. a total of 3,089 children with gastroenteritis submitted stool specimens, rectal sw ...201930971465
detection and differentiation of five diarrhea related pig viruses utilizing a multiplex pcr assay.porcine viral diarrhea, mainly caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (rva), porcine group c rotaviruses (rvc) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), is a serious global problem, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry. for fast and reliable diagnosis of the causative agent associated with viral diarrhea in pigs, an inexpensive and easy to perform gel-based multiplex pcr assay was developed in thi ...201930336161
anti-tgev miller strain infection effect of lactobacillus plantarum supernatant based on the jak-stat1 signaling pathway.transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), is one many gastrointestinal inflections in piglets, characterized by diarrhea, and high mortality. probiotics are ubiquitous bacteria in animal intestines, which have many functions, such as promoting intestinal peristalsis and maintaining the intestinal balance. we found that the supernatant of the lp-1 strain of lactobacillus plantarum, isolated in our laboratory, and named lp-1s had marked anti-tgev ef ...201931781061
mortalin restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry by downregulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis.clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a mechanism used for the invasion of cells by a variety of viruses. mortalin protein is involved in a variety of cellular functions and plays a role in viral infection. in this study, we found that mortalin significantly inhibited the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through restricting virus entry. mechanistically, a biochemical interaction between the carboxyl terminus of mortalin and clathrin heavy chain (cltc) was been found, and mortalin ...201931767073
identification and analysis of long non-coding rnas that are involved in inflammatory process in response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection can cause acute inflammation. long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) play important roles in a number of biological process including inflammation response. however, whether lncrnas participate in tgev-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (ipecs) is largely unknown.201931684870
molecular epidemiology and characterization of porcine adenoviruses in pigs with diarrhea in thailand.pigs have been assumed as a source of human viral infections. surveillance of viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine economic impact. a number of studies focused mainly on well- known enteritis viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prva), however, little data is available for porcine adenovirus (padv). in this study, the presence of padv was inves ...201930391718
transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection up-regulates fcrn expression via nucleocapsid protein and secretion of tgf-β in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine intestinal coronavirus that causes fatal severe watery diarrhea in piglets. the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) is the only igg transport receptor, its expression on mucosal surfaces is triggered upon viral stimulation, which significantly enhances mucosal immunity. we utilized tgev as a model pathogen to explore the role of fcrn in resisting viral invasion in overall intestinal mucosal immunity. tgev induced fcrn expression by activating nf-κb ...201932038538
the n-terminal domain of spike protein is not the enteric tropism determinant for transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs, and the n-terminal domain of tgev spike protein is generally recognized as both the virulence determinant and enteric tropism determinant. here, we assembled a full-length infectious cdna clone of tgev in a bacterial artificial chromosome. using a novel approach, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr-associated protein 9 (cas9) systems efficiently and ...201930935078
prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrheic and non-diarrheic samples from pig farms with neonatal diarrhea in the north east of spain.diarrhea is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality in pigs. in the present study, 31 pig farms with outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea were investigated in catalonia (ne spain) from february 2017 until june 2018. two hundred and fifteen diarrheic samples from 1 to 7 days old piglets were tested for a panel of enteric pathogens. in 19 of the studied farms additional fecal samples from apparently healthy pen-mates were collected and tested for the same panel of infectious agents. samples were b ...201931585655
decline of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and its complex evolutionary relationship with porcine respiratory coronavirus in the united states.the epidemiology and genetic diversity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in the united states (us) was investigated by testing clinical cases for tgev by real time rt-pcr between january 2008 and november 2016. prevalence of tgev ranged between 3.8-6.8% and peaked during cold months until march 2013, in which prevalence decreased to < 0.1%. nineteen complete tgev genomes and a single strain of porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) from the us were generated and compared to historica ...201930850666
aminopeptidase n-null neonatal piglets are protected from transmissible gastroenteritis virus but not porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.swine enteric diseases have caused significant economic loss and have been considered as the major threat to the global swine industry. several coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), have been identified as the causative agents of these diseases. effective measures to control these diseases are lacking. the major host cells of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus have thought to be epithel ...201931515498
evaluation of the serologic cross-reactivity between transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and porcine respiratory coronavirus using commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.this study compared the performances of three commercial transmissible gastroenteritis virus/porcine respiratory coronavirus (tgev/prcv) blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) using serum samples (n = 528) collected over a 49-day observation period from pigs inoculated with tgev strain purdue (n = 12), tgev strain miller (n = 12), prcv (n = 12), or with virus-free culture medium (n = 12). elisa results were evaluated both with "suspect" results interpreted as positive and then as n ...201930867325
efficacy and immunogenicity of a live l. acidophilus expressing sad epitope of transmissible gastroenteritis virus as an oral vaccine.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes great economic loss to swine industry worldwide. vaccination is an important method to control the tgev infection. in this study, a tgev oral vaccine was generated by transferring a eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid carrying the sad (a and d antigenic sites of the s protein) epitope of tgev into a swine-origin lactobacillus acidophilus (l. acidophilus). in orally immunized balb/c mice, the tgev l. acidophilus oral vaccine induced signific ...201931507196
coronavirus genomic rna packaging.rna viruses carry out selective packaging of their genomes in a variety of ways, many involving a genomic packaging signal. the first coronavirus packaging signal was discovered nearly thirty years ago, but how it functions remains incompletely understood. this review addresses the current state of knowledge of coronavirus genome packaging, which has mainly been studied in two prototype species, mouse hepatitis virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. despite the progress that has been mad ...201931505321
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase negatively regulates porcine intestinal coronavirus replication by the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol.cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ch25h) has been shown lately to be a host restriction factor that encodes an enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidized form of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc). a series of studies have shown that 25hc activity in hosts plays a vital role in inhibiting viral infection. in this study, we explored the antiviral effect of ch25h and 25hc on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes high mortality rates in newborn piglets with severe diarrhea, and consider ...201930955800
microrna-222 attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction during transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a member of coronaviridae family. our previous research showed that tgev infection could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulate mir-222 level. therefore, we presumed that mir-222 might be implicated in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tgev infection. to verify the hypothesis, the effect of mir-222 on mitochondrial dysfunction was tested and we showed that mir-222 attenuated tgev-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. to investigat ...201930257878
resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase n-deficient pigs.the alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a consequence of dehydration caused by the infection and necrosis of enterocytes. the biological relevance of amino peptidase n (anpep) as a putative receptor for tgev and pedv in pigs was evaluated by using crispr/cas9 to edit exon 2 of anpep resulting in a premature stop codon. knockout pigs possessing the null anpep phenoty ...201930315482
multiplex detection of six swine viruses on an integrated centrifugal disk using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.advances in molecular testing and microfluidic technologies have opened new avenues for rapid detection of animal viruses. we used a centrifugal microfluidic disk (cmfd) to detect 6 important swine viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory swine virus-north american genotype, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus, and porcine parvovirus. through integrating the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method and mic ...201930947641
pigment visibility on rectal swabs used to detect enteropathogens: a prospective cohort study.data are lacking regarding the impact of visible pigment on rectal swab diagnostic accuracy. we describe the test characteristics of rectal swabs with and without pigment in children with gastroenteritis. between december 2014 and september 2017, children (age, <18 years) with ≥3 episodes of vomiting and/or diarrhea in a 24-h period and symptoms for <7 days were enrolled through two pediatric emergency departments and from a province-wide nursing telephone advice line in alberta, canada. specime ...201930944189
glass wool concentration optimization for the detection of enveloped and non-enveloped waterborne viruses.an extremely affordable virus concentration method based on adsorption-elution to glass wool and subsequent reconcentration through polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg) precipitation was optimized to recover not only non-enveloped viruses but also enveloped viruses. hepatitis a virus (hav) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were employed as surrogates for naked and enveloped viruses, respectively, to set up the methodology. initial experimentation in small-volume samples showed that both t ...201930903596
simultaneous detection of five pig viruses associated with enteric disease in pigs using evagreen real-time pcr combined with melting curve analysis.in recent years, a series of porcine diarrhea viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotaviruses of group a (rva), rotaviruses of group c (rvc), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) caused enormous economic losses all over the world. while any of these viruses is capable to cause disease alone, there is often concurrent infection with more than one virus on pig farms. in this study, a multiplex real-time pcr method based on evagreen fluores ...201930844408
molecular characteristics of a novel recombinant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a contagious viral disease in pigs, caused by the coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). pedv infection results in significant mortality in piglets in unvaccinated herds. like many others rna viruses, pedv has high evolutionary rate and is prone to genetic mutations. in this study, we analyzed the complete genome sequence of the recently sequenced isolate pedv/belgorod/dom/2008. a recombination event in s gene of pedv/belgorod/dom/2008 was detected ...201930725181
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