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a novel antiviral strategy against mers-cov and hcov-229e using binase to target viral genome replication.rna viruses cause most of the dangerous communicable diseases. due to their high mutation rates, rna viruses quickly evade selective pressures and can adapt to a new host. therefore, new antiviral approaches are urgently needed, which target more than one specific virus variant and which would optimally prevent development of viral resistance. among the family of coronaviruses (cov), several human pathogenic strains (hcov) are known to cause respiratory diseases and are implied in enteric diseas ...201732219056
novel ionophores active against la crosse virus identified through rapid antiviral screening.bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens, causing diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. among these viruses, la crosse virus (lacv), a member of the california serogroup, circulates in the eastern and midwestern united states. while lacv infection is often asymptomatic, dozens of cases of encephalitis are reported yearly. unfortunately, no antivirals have been approved to treat lacv infection. here, we developed a method to rapidly test potential antivirals against lacv i ...202032284379
peptide microarrays with site-specifically immobilized synthetic peptides for antibody diagnostics.peptide microarrays bear the potential to discover molecular recognition events on protein level, particularly in the field of molecular immunology, in a manner and with an efficiency comparable to the performance of dna microarrays. we developed a novel peptide microarray platform for the detection of antibodies in liquid samples. the system comprises site-specific solution phase coupling of biotinylated peptides to neutravidin, localized microdispensing of peptide-neutravidin conjugates onto a ...200632288236
first covid-19 infections in the philippines: a case report.the novel coronavirus (covid-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the sars coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. the first suspected case in the philippines was investigated on january 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of march 1. we describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the first two confirmed covid-19 cases in the philippines, both admitted to the national infectious disease referral hospital in manila.202032308532
genetic diversity and ecology of coronaviruses hosted by cave-dwelling bats in gabon.little research on coronaviruses has been conducted on wild animals in africa. here, we screened a wide range of wild animals collected in six provinces and five caves of gabon between 2009 and 2015. we collected a total of 1867 animal samples (cave-dwelling bats, rodents, non-human primates and other wild animals). we explored the diversity of covs and determined the factors driving the infection of covs in wild animals. based on a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only ba ...202032355260
comparative antiviral activity of remdesivir and anti-hiv nucleoside analogs against human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e).remdesivir is a nucleotide prodrug that is currently undergoing extensive clinical trials for the treatment of covid-19. the prodrug is metabolized to its active triphosphate form and interferes with the action of rna-dependent rna polymerase of sars-cov-2. herein, we report the antiviral activity of remdesivir against human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) compared to known anti-hiv agents. these agents included tenofovir (tfv), 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (efda), alovudine (flt), lamivud ...202032429580
sars-cov-2 and human milk: what is the evidence?the novel coronavirus sars-cov-2 has emerged as one of the most compelling and concerning public health challenges of our time. to address the myriad issues generated by this pandemic, an interdisciplinary breadth of research, clinical and public health communities has rapidly engaged to collectively find answers and solutions. one area of active inquiry is understanding the mode(s) of sars-cov-2 transmission. although respiratory droplets are a known mechanism of transmission, other mechanisms ...202032472745
sars-cov-2 and human milk: what is the evidence?the novel coronavirus sars-cov-2 has emerged as one of the most compelling public health challenges of our time. to address the myriad issues generated by this pandemic, an interdisciplinary breadth of research, clinical, and public health communities have rapidly engaged to find answers and solutions. one area of active inquiry is understanding the mode(s) of sars-cov-2 transmission. while respiratory droplets are a known mechanism of transmission, other mechanisms are possible. of particular i ...202032511431
covid-19: precautionary guidelines for ophthalmologists.several coronaviruses can infect humans, and the globally endemic human coronaviruses, hcov-229e (human coronavirus 229e), hcov-nl63 (human coronavirus nl63), and others, tend to cause mild respiratory diseases. the zoonotic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type1 (sars-cov-1) have high fatality rates. in december 2019, the world health organization (who) was notified by chinese authorities about an outbreak of pneumonia bef ...202032607305
do covid-19 and sars gene complexities and variations help overcome the knowledge gap?a whole new pathogen, to which humans have virtually no pre-existing immunity, has caused fear all over the world. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars cov-2) is one of the types of human novel-coronavirus of the family coronavirus. the nature of transmission of the virus makes it one of the most infectious pathogenic diseases that has ever existed. though the human coronaviruses have existed since the discovery of the human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and human coronavirus oc43 ...202032642354
neurological manifestations of covid-19 and other coronaviruses: a systematic review.to describe the main neurological manifestations related to coronavirus infection in humans.202032834527
a novel two-step, direct-to-pcr method for virus detection off swabs using human coronavirus 229e.currently, one of the most reliable methods for viral infection detection are polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based assays. this process is time and resource heavy, requiring multiple steps of lysis, extraction, purification, and amplification procedures. herein, we have developed a method to detect virus off swabs using solely shaker-mill based mechanical lysis and the transfer of the viral lysate directly to a pcr assay for virus detection, bypassing the substantial reagent and time investment ...202032843049
phillyrin (kd-1) exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) and human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signaling pathway.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has extensively and rapidly spread in the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. however, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines can be used. phillyrin (kd-1), a representative ingredient of forsythia suspensa, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antiviral activities. however, little is known about the antiviral abilities and mechanism of kd-1 against sars-cov-2 and human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e).202032890913
an integrated system of air sampling and simultaneous enrichment for rapid biosensing of airborne coronavirus and influenza virus.point-of-care risk assessment (pcra) for airborne viruses requires a system that can enrich low-concentration airborne viruses dispersed in field environments into a small volume of liquid. in this study, airborne virus particles were collected to a degree above the limit of detection (lod) for a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr). this study employed an electrostatic air sampler to capture aerosolized test viruses (human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) ...202033010706
sars-cov-2 coronavirus in water and wastewater: a critical review about presence and concern.the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in water and wastewater has recently been reported. according to the updated literature, the stools and masks of the patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease (covid-19) were considered as the primary route of coronavirus transmission into water and wastewater. most of coronavirus types which attract human (possible for sars-cov-2) are often inactivated rapidly in water (i.e., the survival of human coronavirus 229e in ...202033011225
synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted phenyl azetidine-2-one sulphonyl derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents.in the present study, we intend to synthesize a series of novel substituted phenyl azetidine-2-one sulphonyl derivatives. the entire set of derivatives 5 (a-t) were screened for in-vitro antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and among them eleven compounds were further screened for the antiviral activity to predict their efficacy against pathogenic viruses. interestingly, compound 5d, 5e, 5f, 5h, 5i, and 5j showed similar or better antibacterial activity as compared to ampicillin (standard). m ...202033142428
molecular evolution of human coronavirus 229e in hong kong and a fatal covid-19 case involving coinfection with a novel human coronavirus 229e genogroup.compared to other human coronaviruses, the genetic diversity and evolution of human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) are relatively understudied. we report a fatal case of covid-19 pneumonia coinfected with hcov-229e in hong kong. genome sequencing of sars-cov-2 and hcov-229e from a nasopharyngeal sample of the patient showed that the sars-cov-2 strain hk13 was most closely related to sars-cov-2 type strain wuhan-hu-1 (99.99% nucleotide identity), compatible with his recent history of travel to wuha ...202133568452
caco-2 cells: a continuous cell line with sensitive and broad-spectrum utility for respiratory virus culture.primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (rhmk) can be used for the detection of respiratory viruses, including influenza and parainfluenza. the human colon adeno-carcinoma cell line, caco-2, has been previously used for the growth of multiple influenza viruses, including seasonal, novel and avian lineages.202133676967
coronavirus-specific antibody cross reactivity in rhesus macaques following sars-cov-2 vaccination and infection.vaccines are being rapidly developed with the goal of ending the sars-cov-2 pandemic. however, the extent to which sars-cov-2 vaccination induces serum responses that cross-react with other coronaviruses remains poorly studied. here we define serum profiles in rhesus macaques after vaccination with dna or ad26 based vaccines expressing sars-cov-2 spike protein followed by sars-cov-2 challenge, or sars-cov-2 infection alone. analysis of serum responses showed robust reactivity to the sars-cov-2 f ...202133692201
the gut viral metagenome analysis of domestic dogs captures snapshot of viral diversity and potential risk of coronavirus.the close relations between dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and humans lay a foundation for cross species transmissions of viruses. the co-existence of multiplex viruses in the host accelerate viral variations. for effective prediction and prevention of potential epidemic or even pandemic, the metagenomics method was used to investigate the gut virome status of 45 domestic healthy dogs which have extensive contact with human beings. a total of 248.6 gb data (505, 203, 006 valid reads, 150 bp in le ...202134307533
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